Modern Technology Research Articles

Investigation of the Microstructure, Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Al-CNTs-B4C Composite Prepared by Double-Step Stir Casting for Power Transmission Conductor

Abstract Monolithic aluminium alloy is a modern engineering material that is in high demand owing to its excellent performance and versatility. It has a high electrical conductivity, low density, high strength- to- weight ratio, and high resistance to corrosion. However, it lacks adequate resistance to creep, fatigue, stable microstructure, and strength at elevated temperatures. To overcome these deficiencies, aluminium matrix composites are developed. This work focuses on an experimental investigation of the microstructure, mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity of Al-CNTs-B4C composite consolidated by a double-step stir casting technique. An X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscopy, and a field-emission scanning electron microscope fitted with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to characterize the start-up powders and the cast samples. A Brinell tester was used to measure the microhardness of the cast samples. A four-point probe meter was used to determine the electrical conductivity. The microstructural results revealed formation of Al4C3 and Al3BC intermetallics, B4C phase and amorphous carbon precipitate. Marginally improved electrical conductivity of 33.33 x 107 S/m (65.1% IACS) was obtained with Al-5CNTs-15B4C, together with high microhardness of 725.72 MPa. The microhardness improved by 94.7% over monolithic pure Al. The double-step stir casting enhanced the homogenous dispersion of the reinforcements. The improvements in the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity were attributed to the synergy between B4C and CNTs which induced Orowan looping, load transfer effect, plastic deformation and dislocation pinning in the composite. It is recommended that this composite will perform creditably in power transmission.

A study on the impact of using modern technology in designing and producing light paintings (images drawn with light) with an innovative artistic form that imitates the paintings of modern art schools

A study on the impact of using modern technology in designing and producing light paintings (images drawn with light) with an innovative artistic form that imitates the paintings of modern art schools

Deep Neural Network Closed-loop with Raw Data for Optical Resident Space Object Detection

Optical survey is an important means for observing resident space objects and space situational awareness. With the application of astronomical techniques and reduction method, wide field of view telescopes have made significant contributions in discovering and identifying resident space objects. However, with the development of modern optical and electronic technology, the detection limit of instruments and infrastructure has been greatly extended, leading to an extensive number of raw images and many more sources in these images. Challenges arise when reducing these data in terms of traditional measurement and calibration. Based on the amount of data, it is particularly feasible and reliable to apply machine learning algorithms. Here an end-to-end deep learning framework is developed, it is trained with a priori information on raw detections and the automatic detection task is performed on the new data acquired. The closed-loop is evaluated based on consecutive CCD images obtained with a dedicated space debris survey telescope. It is demonstrated that our framework can achieve high performance compared with the traditional method, and with data fusion, the efficiency of the system can be improved without changing hardware or deploying new devices. The technique deserves a wider application in many fields of observational astronomy.

A Review of the Challenges of Adaptive Filtering Technology in High-fidelity Audio Signal Processing

Abstract. High-fidelity audio signal processing plays an important role in modern audio technology. With the increasing demand for this technology in various audio application scenarios, the optimization of adaptive filters has emerged as a significant challenge in this field. This paper focuses on improving the performance of adaptive filters in high-fidelity audio signal processing which aims to improve the adaptability and efficiency of filters in complex audio environments by improving algorithms. In this study, the adaptive filtering algorithm based on wavelet transform and particle swarm optimization is used to verify the audio data processing by simulation and real data processing. The research data was collected using the standard audio signal database and the actual collected high-fidelity audio samples. The results show that the improved adaptive filter can significantly improve the performance of complex audio environments, improve the clarity and fidelity of audio signals and reduce the computational complexity. It is also suitable for real-time processing scenarios with limited resources. The conclusion shows that this method provides an efficient solution for high-fidelity audio signal processing and has a wide application prospect.

Modern approaches and technologies to prevent anastomotic leakage in the gastrointestinal tract

The healing of gastrointestinal anastomoses is acomplex biological process influenced by numerous factors. Various strategies to support healing and prevent anastomotic leakage (AL) exist, encompassing preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative measures. Preoperative interventions aim to optimize the patient and the tissue environment, particularly the gut microbiome. Intraoperative measures are technical in nature and include the choice of surgical access, the anastomotic technique and anastomotic reinforcement. Various procedures of the intraoperative diagnostics enable identification of such anastomoses requiring additional protective measures. Recently, indocyanine green (ICG) fluoroscopy has become established for evaluation of tissue perfusion, while newer techniques such as spectral microscopy offer promising possibilities. Postoperative diagnostic methods aim to identify potential AL as early as possible to enable initiation of therapeutic steps even before the onset of symptoms. These procedures range from various imaging techniques to innovative bioresorbable, pH-sensitive implants for early AL detection. Due to the multifactorial genesis of AL and the diverse technical possibilities, no single method will become established for prevention of AL. Instead, acombination of measures will ultimately lead to optimal anastomotic healing. The use of artificial intelligence and analyses based on the data promises a better interpretation of the vast amount of data and therefore to be able to provide general recommendations.

Adiabatic Shear Localization in Metallic Materials: Review

In advanced engineering applications, there has been an increasing demand for the service performance of materials under high-strain-rate conditions where a key phenomenon of adiabatic shear instability is inevitably involved. The presence of adiabatic shear instability is typically associated with large shear strains, high strain rates, and elevated temperatures. Significant plastic deformation that concentrates within a adiabatic shear band (ASB) often results in catastrophic failure, and it is necessary to avoid the occurrence of such a phenomenon in most areas. However, in certain areas, such as high-speed machining and self-sharpening projectile penetration, this phenomenon can be exploited. The thermal softening effect and microstructural softening effect are widely recognized as the foundational theories for the formation of ASB. Thus, elucidating various complex deformation mechanisms under thermomechanical coupling along with changes in temperatures in the shear instability process has become a focal point of research. This review highlights these two important aspects and examines the development of relevant theories and experimental results, identifying key challenges faced in this field of study. Furthermore, advancements in modern experimental characterization and computational technologies, which lead to a deeper understanding of the adiabatic shear instability phenomenon, have also been summarized.

Enabling modern bioenergy deployment in Nigeria to support industry and local communities

Nigeria intends to rank among the top 20 global economies by 2030 by focusing on industrialisation. However, limiting energy access may slow the rate of industrialisation. Bioenergy integration into Nigeria's energy mix can accelerate the industrialisation agenda due to the co-benefits it offers. We used a disaggregated approach to map agri-residue availability and identify knowledge gaps in agri-residue application to support modern and sustainable bioenergy integration into Nigeria's energy mix. Expert interviews with stakeholders from government departments, small- and large-scale industries, and feedstock producers were used to validate the biomass mapping. The output of the biomass mapping shows that residues from yam, sorghum, wheat, palm, cassava, rice, sugarcane, etc, have knowledge gaps in agri-residue application and they could support the industrialisation agenda of Nigeria. The output of the stakeholder engagement shows that fossil fuels are the main energy source for productive uses in Nigeria. Current waste management practices involve onsite burning and disposal on land. Bioenergy technologies currently deployed in Nigeria are predominantly anaerobic digestion and combustion. Stakeholders have a strong preference for electricity to be the predominant energy vector. However, awareness of modern bioenergy applications and technologies was limited even though Nigeria's Energy Masterplan supports the efficient use of biomass to generate clean heat, electricity and biofuel for industrial, transport and household applications. Based on these findings, we have developed a suite of novel bioenergy case studies to support biomass integration into Nigeria's energy system.

Decoupled Edge Physics Algorithms for Collaborative XR Simulations

ABSTRACTThis work proposes a novel approach to transform any modern game engine pipeline, for optimized performance and enhanced user experiences in extended reality (XR) environments decoupling the physics engine from the game engine pipeline and using a client‐server architecture creates a scalable solution, efficiently serving multiple graphics clients on head‐mounted displays (HMDs) with a single physics engine on edge‐cloud infrastructure. This approach ensures better synchronization in multiplayer scenarios without introducing overhead in single‐player experiences, maintaining session continuity despite changes in user participation. Relocating the Physics Engine to an edge or cloud node reduces strain on local hardware, dedicating more resources to high‐quality rendering and unlocking the full potential of untethered HMDs. We present four algorithms that decouple the physics engine, increasing frame rates and Quality of Experience (QoE) in VR simulations, supporting advanced interactions, numerous physics objects, and multiuser sessions with over 100 concurrent users. Incorporating a Geometric Algebra interpolator reduces inter‐calls between dissected parts, maintaining QoE and easing network stress. Experimental validation, with more than 100 concurrent users, 10,000 physics objects, and softbody simulations, confirms the technical viability of the proposed architecture, showcasing transformative capabilities for more immersive and collaborative XR applications without compromising performance.

New technologies in surgery: development, evaluation and training

How do we properly introduce modern technology into practice?

Implementation of innovative technologies in the training process of martial artists

Purpose: to establish leading directions for the implementation of innovative technologies in the practical activities of coaches and athletes in martial arts. Material and methods. A systematic review of scientific publications for the period from 2020 to 2024 related to the application of innovations in the sports field was carried out. The search was conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases using the following keywords: «innovative technologies», «digital technologies», «sports», «training», «martial arts». The search was conducted by article titles. Full-text articles of a practical or review nature were analyzed. Results: it was established that the use of innovative technologies in the training of martial artists is an important component of the modernization of the training process. It contributes to improving the organization and control of training, increasing their effectiveness, forming training programs using remote technologies. This helps to create flexible training programs and predict their effectiveness. As a result of the bibliographic analysis of relevant studies, it was established that the key directions of the introduction of innovative technologies in the process of training martial artists are: digitization of individual components of training activities of athletes; introduction of technologies based on artificial intelligence; use of virtual and augmented reality technologies; systematic use of mobile applications and personal trackers in the training of athletes; the use of distance learning technologies in the organization of training activities. Along with the established advantages of using innovations in martial arts training, the problems of their implementation in the process of training athletes were identified, which consists in: limited availability of modern technologies to athletes and martial arts coaches; the need to develop programs for the use of technologies by participants in the training process. Conclusions. The use of innovative technologies is an important factor in the modernization of the training process of martial arts athletes. They are aimed at optimizing the training of martial arts athletes, reducing the risk of injuries and increasing the level of individualization of training. Despite the identified potential, the number of studies devoted to the practical implementation of innovations in sports training of martial artists is insufficient. This is due to the complexity of the wide application of technologies and the rapid pace of their modernization, which makes it difficult to assess their long-term effectiveness in various types of martial arts. In general, the findings of this study confirm that innovative technologies are a key driver of qualitative changes in the process of training martial arts athletes. Further research will focus on the development of comprehensive programs using digital technologies at the initial stage of multi-year martial arts training.

Article: Green Regionalism: US Strategies to Ensure Secure and Reliable Supplies of Critical Minerals

Critical Minerals are essential constituents for numerous modern technologies from computers, and modern cars to household appliances. Most critical minerals are also key inputs in technologies that are crucial for clean energy transitions such as batteries, electric vehicles (EV), wind turbines, solar panels etc. Global trends indicate that the race for ensuring a secure and reliable supply of critical minerals is being furthered through industrial policy, domestic regulations as well as international economic law instruments. More recently these three aspects have been characterized by increasing securitization as seen through attempts to friendshore and reshore supply chains and capacities. This paper peruses the recent Critical Material Transparency and Reporting of Advanced Clean Energy (Critical Material TRACE) Bill which focuses on implementing a digital identifier system for advanced energy systems including batteries and battery components. The paper looks at the bill in connection with other initiatives aimed at creating United State (US) led critical mineral value chains. These include industrial policy measures including the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) as well as international initiatives such as the Mineral Security Partnership (MSP) and the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) inter alia. In our examination, the focus is on analysing the progress made under the US-led MSP and the potential coverage and implication of the Critical Material TRACE Bill. We also examine if such steps by the US further promote green regionalism or are necessary to break the dominance of a few countries (mainly China) in leading the critical minerals supply chain.

МАТЕРИАЛЬНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА: СОСТОЯНИЕ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ, НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ

One of the determining conditions for competitive domestic agricultural production in foreign markets is the technical and technological modernization of the industry. However, despite the significance of the problem, over the past two decades, a stable trend of reduction in the number of employees in agricultural organizations in Russia has developed for all types of agricultural machinery. The highest rates of reduction in agricultural machinery were observed until 2010, and in subsequent periods the downward trend has significantly decreased. At the same time, it is not entirely correct to assess the current situation unambiguously, since the reduction in the fleet of machinery and equipment in agricultural organizations is due to certain objective circumstances and conditions: the area of cultivated land and cultivation of specific crops has decreased; the number of animals has decreased; the technical means used have become more energy-intensive and productive, which is especially important in the context of a shortage of personnel in rural areas. In 2018-2022 the production of domestic agricultural machinery in value terms increased by almost 2.5 times, while in physical terms the changes are insignificant. At the same time, domestic mechanical engineering practically does not produce machinery and equipment for pig farming, poultry farming, milk processing, potato harvesters, beet harvesting equipment, equipment for gardening, vegetable growing. As a result of the outstripping rate of disposal of agricultural machinery and equipment over the rate of their production and replenishment, the energy capacity of the industry is declining. The sanctions imposed on the Russian economy have led to increased risks of non-receipt of critical components and spare parts; disruption of stable logistics and distribution chains that have functioned for a long time, their rise in price; revision of contract terms, failure to meet delivery deadlines. Sanctions against the use of foreign high technologies used in precision farming, genetics, selection, enterprise management, etc. have a negative impact on the development of the agro-industrial complex.

Unfulfilled potential in digital textbook development: Modern technologies and traditional literacy

Unfulfilled potential in digital textbook development: Modern technologies and traditional literacy

The Effects of Using Modern Technologies in the Neurorehabilitation Process of a Patient after Traumatic Brain Injury – A Case Study

This study presents an analysis of the case of a 44-year-old male patient who experienced a traumatic brain injury, resulting in spastic quadriplegia, meningitis, right-sided craniotomy, ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, and right hip arthroplasty. Data was collected over a four-year comprehensive therapy process involving treatment periods, during which the patient was under the care of an interdisciplinary team and participated in an individualized rehabilitation program, consisting of 3-4 hours of physical therapy daily for 5-6 days per week. The material included results from functional tests, muscle tone assessments, and balance evaluations. Numerical data from robotic gait therapy devices were also considered. With the consent of the patient and his family, the therapy process was documented via video recordings and photographs, which were then used for a retrospective visual analysis of recorded material at various stages of rehabilitation. For this purpose, the ShapeCare.Fizjo device was used, along with Blaze Pose software, based on a moving person’s skeletal detection model. The results indicated that comprehensive therapy using innovative tools such as C-eye, ReoGo, ReoAmbulator, and LeviActive system improved the patient’s balance and motor skills, as well as facilitated the gait re-education process. The use of modern technologies in neurorehabilitation not only optimizes therapeutic outcomes but also reduces the risk of musculoskeletal strain for the therapist during their professional work.

Penentuan Strategi Pegembangan UKM Tempe Pak Fadli Menggunakan Metode Analisis SWOT dan Boston Consulting Group (BCG)

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are an important part of the Indonesian economy to improve people's welfare. Pak Fadli's Tempe UKM located in Parerejo Village, Purwodadi District, faces the problem of fierce competition in the tempeh industry and the lack of information obtained by business actors regarding modern technology in the marketing system. Using SWOT Analysis and BCG Matrix, this study aims to find out internal and external factors and what strategies can be used for the growth of Mr. Fadli's tempe business. The results showed using a SWOT Analysis that Pak Fadli's Tempe SMEs had a higher total strength score (4.08) than a total weakness score (3.17), which placed him in Quadrant I. This shows that Pak Fadli's Tempe SMEs should use all their strengths to take advantage of the best opportunities. According to Matrix BCG's calculations, Pak Fadli's Tempe SMEs are in Quadrant III (Cash Cows) with a total market share value of 1.03 and a market growth value of 2.4%. Because it has a large market share but is in a slow-growing sector. Increasing market share and expanding distribution networks is one strategy that can be used. With this research, it is hoped that it can provide recommendations for development strategies and the right marketing strategy for Pak Fadli Tempe SMEs to be able to compete with their competitors.

Unlocking Sustainable Growth: The Role of Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Jordan Retail Sector, Moderated by Entrepreneurial Orientation

Although businesses are under pressure to consistently improve both their capacities and business processes, the artificial intelligence (AI) revolution is seen as an appealing company approach that has attracted attention. By offering improved company structures, the application of AI technology has the potential to significantly alter company procedures while also lessening the impact of outside catastrophes. Additionally, using AI can enhance the socioeconomic circumstances of a particular area and have a positive impact on the social worth and economic sustainability of businesses. Few studies have been conducted recently on the use of AI to support businesses at various stages of development and sustainability. In addition, there isn’t much research that shows that the retail sector can benefit from the use of various modern AI technologies. To bridge this gap, this investigation looks into the moderating effect of entrepreneurial orientation. A theoretical framework was established using the assistance of the resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capability view (DCV) assumptions, in addition to a survey of the available literature. The PLS-SEM method was used in this paper and got 311 respondents from Amman, Jordon retail sector. The findings show that the industry needs to make strategies for social justice and economically favorable approaches that have a beneficial impact by adopting AI approaches. This paper also shows that EA has a moderate impact on performance connections within the industry.

Analysis of Challenges and Opportunities for Improving the Health System in Afghanistan: Innovative Approaches and Sustainable Solutions

This research explores the challenges and opportunities for improving the health system in Afghanistan. The main objective is to identify the major issues within the healthcare system and propose sustainable solutions to enhance the quality of health services. Using a mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative), data were collected through semi-structured interviews with experts and a review of credible scientific sources. The findings indicate that a lack of healthcare infrastructure, a shortage of specialized human resources, and management issues are among the primary challenges facing Afghanistan's healthcare system. Additionally, opportunities such as international support and utilizing modern technologies in healthcare have been identified. The study concludes that investment in infrastructure, human resource training, and strengthening international collaborations are essential to improve the healthcare situation in Afghanistan. The study's recommendations emphasize the importance of investments in infrastructure, comprehensive training for health workers, and international partnerships to strengthen service delivery. This analysis provides practical insights for policymakers and international organizations, which could ultimately help build a more resilient health framework in Afghanistan.

INFLUENCE OF FILLER SIZE ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE POLYMER MATRIX

Purpose. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particle size on the mechanical properties of a polymer composite with added chopped glass fiber, as well as to explore the interaction between aluminum oxide particles and chopped glass fiber. Research methods. Specimens were tested for tensile strength according to DSTU EN ISO 527-5:2018. Testing was conducted using an MTS Criterion Model 43 universal testing machine with a maximum load of 50 kN. Metallographic analysis was performed using a KEYENCE VHX microscope at magnifications of 50× and 500×. The microstructure of the polymer matrix was determined on unetched samples. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out using a JEOL JSM-5510LV microscope. Results. The influence of introducing different sizes of aluminum oxide fraction on the polymer matrix was studied. It was found that with an increase in the fraction size, the strength of the polymer composition decreases. Additionally, the interaction between chopped glass fiber and various fractions of aluminum oxide on the mechanical characteristics and morphology of the connection with the polymer composition was investigated. Scientific novelty. The interaction of chopped fiber with aluminum oxide fractions may affect the mechanical properties of the composite, such as strength, stiffness, and elasticity. Investigation of the morphology of the connection between chopped fiber and aluminum oxide fractions can help understand how they interact within the composite structure. This includes analyzing the adhesion between components, the structure of junctions, and possible defects that may arise during the manufacturing process. Studying this interaction opens up opportunities for the development of new composite materials with improved properties and diverse applications in industry, construction, aviation, automotive, and other fields. Practical value. The practical significance lies in refining manufacturing technologies and implementing new materials in industry. The ability to control the mechanical properties of composites by changing the size of aluminum oxide fractions can contribute to the creation of more efficient materials for the production of automobiles, aircraft, building constructions, and more. Additionally, understanding the interaction between chopped glass fiber and aluminum oxide fractions may open up new possibilities for developing composites with unique mechanical characteristics that meet the requirements of modern technologies and industrial production.

ENHANCING ARABIC VOCABULARY MASTERY THROUGH AUGMENTED REALITY: A STUDY ON AR-MUFRADAT APPLICATION FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

The advancement of modern technology has greatly influenced national development, with technologies like Augmented Reality (AR) increasingly integrated into education in Malaysia and Indonesia. Despite this, no study has yet explored the specific need for AR technology in teaching Arabic vocabulary from the KSSR syllabus in primary schools. Currently, students rely on traditional teaching methods, which limit their learning experience. This study investigates the need for AR-Mufradat development among Year 5 students at Sri Al-Amin Bangi Primary School. A quantitative approach was used, involving 30 students as respondents, and data was collected through a survey. The findings, analyzed using SPSS version 26, reveal a high demand for AR-Mufradat among these students. This study aims to guide future research, suggesting that AR technology could enhance the teaching and learning of Arabic, allowing students to master the language more effectively.

Phase synthesis method in multi-aperture optical systems based on iterative image processing algorithms

Background. Modern technologies in the field of optics and photonics place high demands on the quality and output power of the radiation source. The fulfillment of these requirements can currently be achieved by creating multi-aperture laser systems with coherent beam addition. The main problem of creating such systems is the development of phase synthesis methods in a multichannel optical system. Aim. In this paper, we consider a phase synchronization method without a reference beam for a coherent addition system with active feedback, which is based on the Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm. This algorithm makes it possible to reconstruct complex field amplitudes in the aperture and focal planes from intensity distributions in these fields. The application of this algorithm for multichannel systems is analyzed and its features, such as the occurrence of stagnation and ambiguity of the solution, are revealed. Methods. Solutions are proposed to eliminate the problem of convergence of the algorithm to side solutions and getting the iterative procedure into the local extremum using global optimization algorithms, methods of reducing the dimension of the problem and the introduction of antisymmetric amplitude modulation. Results. The paper demonstrates the results of phase field reconstruction for a large number of optical sources. For a seven-aperture system, a physical simulation was performed to restore phase information, confirming the results of numerical modeling. Conclusion. The proposed approach is a reasonable alternative to currently existing methods and can be used in the problem of coherent addition in multichannel optical systems.