Modern Technological Equipment Research Articles

РАЗРАБОТКА БАЗОВЫХ ПОДХОДОВ К ПРИВЛЕЧЕНИЮ И УДЕРЖАНИЮ КАДРОВ В ГОРОДАХ НАУКИ И ВЫСОКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

In modern Russia, the problem of technological sovereignty and import substitution of high-tech products is acute. To solve the problems set by the Russian government, it is necessary to launch the production of a wide range of high-tech products as soon as possible. The implementation of the plans is impossible without solving the key tasks of introducing modern technological equipment and increasing human resources. At the moment, a prompt solution to these problems is required, and the previously developed and adopted territorial development strategies assume a long-term perspective. The main scientific organizations and high-tech businesses are located in large regional centers, as well as in small towns with high scientific and technological potential. In large regional centers, a scientific and technological ecosystem has historically been formed, allowing for the creation of conditions for the development of high technologies and scientific research. The situation is more complex in small core cities with pronounced scientific and technological specialization in centers of scientific and technological leadership. At the present stage, the main problem in the development of such cities is attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel. It is necessary to take into account the fact that attracting and retaining specialists are two related processes, but different in essence. The first is characterized by the migration activity of the population, the second - by satisfaction with living in the territory and working conditions. Most often, the factors influencing these processes have common directions, but differ from each other in their characteristics and content. When deciding on a place of work, a specialist evaluates the proposed conditions that are related to his expectations. When retaining specialists, realities are compared with the expectations that were when hired. If they do not comply, the specialist leaves the place of work. In this regard, it is important for the management of the territory and organizations to minimize the differences between expectations and the actual state of the labor and urban environment in order to retain high-level specialists. The work examines the main factors influencing and allowing to solve the problems of attracting and retaining talented youth and highly professional specialists in cities with high scientific and technological potential, taking into account modern realities and requirements. Research shows that the main factor ensuring the attraction of talented youth is the availability of high wages. It is a necessary but not sufficient condition for their retention. Additional factors play an important role in retaining specialists, including modern sociocultural and comfortable urban space, which includes various aspects of the lives of specialists and their families.

Research of the Machine-Tool Fleet of Technical Service Enterprises of the Regional Agro-Industrial Complex

The age structure of groups of technological equipment at technical service enterprises has been established. Characteristics of the distribution of the existing machine-tool fleet by accuracy classes, categories, degrees of automation and specialization were obtained. The research results will make it possible to determine the paths of modernizing the production areas of technical service enterprises and predict the needs in modern technological equipment.

Extended Reality (XR) Training in the Construction Industry: A Content Review

As modern information technology advances and equipment devices update, extended reality (XR) technologies, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and augmented virtuality (AV) have witnessed an increasing use and application in construction training. This review aims to comprehensively examine the evolution of XR training in the construction domain. To achieve this, a systematic literature review of 74 journal papers from the Scopus database was conducted. This paper outlines the progression of XR training from 2009 to 2023, detailing related technologies like development platforms, display devices, and input devices. The literature review reveals that XR application in construction training spans five main areas: (1) safety management, (2) skill/knowledge acquisition, (3) equipment operation, (4) human–computer collaboration, and (5) ergonomics/postural training. Additionally, this review explores the impact of trainee roles on XR training outcomes and identifies the challenges faced by XR technology in construction training applications. The findings of this literature review are hoped to assist researchers and construction engineering trainers in understanding the latest advancements and challenges in XR, thereby providing valuable insights for future research.

Images of (in)security: Visualizing borders, migrants and control in Serbia's news media

Media images of borders and their control have been one of the most dominant frames in reporting on the migrant crisis in European media and the negative coverage of the topic of migrants, presenting them as a threat to security and public health dominates media narratives around the world. This paper examines the way migrants and refugees have been portrayed on the borders of Serbia, a transit country alongside the Western Balkans migration corridor. The mixed method analysis is based on 300 images published in relevant national and regional print media and their online versions from 2015 until 2020. The results show that the visual depiction of walls, wires, control, law and order, modern technological equipment, security providers, and important political authorities have been often intensified with sensational headlines and tabloid coverage and at the same time confronted with images framing migrants as violent and deviant, threatening borders, people, and security.

СОЦІАЛЬНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ЧИННИК ФОРМУВАННЯ КОНКУРЕНТНИХ ПЕРЕВАГ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

Companies want to occupy better positions in the market than competitors. For this, they use different methods. One of these ways is the social focus of business. Many foreign and domestic companies have long understood that their responsibility to society is an important factor that directly affects work results. It is positive that such activity is conscious and voluntary, well perceived by consumers of products and services. Any enterprise wants to have competitive advantages. They represent such a system, which has an exclusive value and makes it possible to stay ahead of competitors in various fields of activity. Competitive advantages are individual for each company, but have common features. The classification of competitive advantages makes it possible to consider them by areas of activity: organizational, functional, etc. It is these of the listed ones that cause the greatest interest. Organizational competitive advantages are formed thanks to a better geographical location, proximity to locations of raw and labor resources, distribution of products. Work experience, the size of the enterprise and the presence of branches are also taken into account and have a positive effect. Competitive advantages by functional sphere of activity have the following varieties: marketing, production, personnel. Marketing allows the source of competitive advantages to have relationships with suppliers and intermediaries, consumers. The image of the enterprise is also a component of marketing competitive advantages. The production sphere is the basis for gaining competitive advantages due to modern production technologies and the state of equipment, quality of raw materials and products. The last variety is based on a high-quality staff and their ability to work with new technologies and modern technological equipment. These areas of activity when considering competitive advantages are important, but do not take into account the social component. But it is she who can strengthen the advantages that the company has already acquired. It is proposed to consider the social orientation of business according to the directions of responsibility proposed by A. Carroll: economic, legal, ethical and discretionary. These types of liability, if the company has them, allow you to get additional benefits. Chief among them will be the loyalty of society and consumers. They will affect the company's performance and strengthen its market position.

Test bench for throttle flow dividers-adders

The control of modern mobile machinery and technological equipment increasingly relies on the utilization of multi-circuit and branched hydraulic drives. The complexity of technological processes and the demand for precise and consistent executive movements present challenges for hydraulic drive developers. Throttle flow dividers are utilized to synchronize mechanisms powered by a single power source. The article discusses the creation and implementation of a testing platform for throttle dividers and flow dividers-adders, commonly used in various technical systems for regulating liquid or gas flow. It delves into the fundamental principles of throttle flow dividers-adders and details the design and functionality of the developed test bench. The results of experiments conducted to evaluate the bench's operation and measure accuracy are presented, providing insights into its efficacy and reliability for testing throttle flow dividers-adders.

Analysis of non-spool throttle flow dividers for synchronous hydromechanical drives

Relevance and goals. Hydraulic drives of modern mobile machines and technological equipment are, as a rule, branched and multi-circuit. At the same time, there is often a need to ensure synchronous (coordinated) movement of two or more independent hydraulic motors. The analysis of the conducted studies has shown that throttle flow dividers are the most suitable for providing automatic control of hydraulic drives. The use of spool flow dividers in general-purpose hydraulic drives, especially if they work in harsh conditions with high dustiness of the environment is impractical. Materials and methods. The article provides an overview of existing designs of non-spool throttle flow dividers for synchronous hydromechanical drives, their design schemes and operating principle are given. A comparative analysis of the functions performed by them and the quality of work is carried out. Suggestions are given on the principles of selecting a particular design of the flow divider, depending on the operating conditions. Results. A scheme of a test bench for piston hydraulic cylinders with energy recovery is proposed. A mathematical model of the stand has been developed and an example of a preliminary calculation of its functioning is given. Conclusions. The conclusion is made about the design features that make it possible to ensure the synchronous operation of hydraulic drives with high accuracy at minimal cost.

Analysis of multithreaded choke dividers and flow dividers-adders

Hydraulic drives, which for the most part is multi-circuit and branched, are widely used in hydraulic drives of modern mobile equipment and technological equipment. The analysis of the conducted studies has shown that throttle flow dividers, as well as flow dividers-adders, are the most suitable for providing automatic control of multi-circuit systems. Dividers are used to separate one working fluid flow entering the divided into two independent streams with an arbitrary flow ratio independent of loads. If it is necessary to organize a larger number of threads, two-threaded DP and DSP are switched on sequentially, and then one additional thread divider must be installed to receive each subsequent stream. Thus, in order to obtain n threads, it is necessary to have (n-1) two-threaded thread dividers, which is quite expensive and technically unjustified. The article describes the designs of multithreaded choke dividers and flow dividers-adders and a comparative analysis of their basic properties is carried out.

Simulation of a synchronous hydrodynamic system based on a throttle flow divider of a non-valve type

Hydraulic drives, which for the most part is multi-circuit and branched, are widely used in hydraulic drives of modern mobile equipment and technological equipment. To synchronize the operation of mechanisms driven by a single power mechanism, throttle flow dividers are used. The article discusses various options for the functioning of the hydrodynamic system, as well as the device of the throttle flow divider. The dynamics of the synchronous hydraulic system based on throttle dividers is presented and the design scheme is described. The time integration of pressure values at various points, the values of movement and position of the moving element in space, the speed of movement in space and the values of velocities in real time and scale is carried out. The conclusion is made about the influence of system parameters on the selection of parameters of a suitable throttle flow divider.

Interaction of the educational organization of secondary vocational education with enterprises-employers

This article deals with the involvement of employers in improving the educational process and active participation in the training of qualified mid-level specialists. All this solves the problem of the isolation of knowledge that graduates receive from practical actions, manifested in the inability to handle modern technological equipment, in psychological unpreparedness for the realities of hard working days, to the management of subordinates, to the norms of behavior. Effective interaction between an educational organization and an employer is one of the topical issues of modern vocational education, which implies integrated actions of the parties interested in this fact. The article notes the need for interaction between the educational organization of secondary professional education and enterprises to improve the eff ective training of graduates, functioning in market conditions. The main mechanisms for organizing a social partnership system as a condition for improving the quality of professional education are presented on the example of an educational organization, the Chita College of Railway Transport of ZABIZHT IrGUPS. The partnership was considered in the field of career guidance and targeted training through new formats of career guidance and a system of long-term personnel planning, in the field of implementing the modernization of the material and technical equipment of the educational and laboratory base through innovative training complexes and branded zones, in the field of educational work and research activities, through creation of an optimal socializing environment and participation in competitive, championship movements.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF REPRODUCTION OF FIXED ASSETS OF ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DYNAMIC ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The article substantiates key aspects of strategic management of reproduction of fixed assets of enterprises in the context of dynamic economic environment. It is determined that the assessment of the efficiency of reproduction and use of fixed assets of the enterprise in the context of strategic management is important for various reasons: - fixed assets form the material basis of production capacities of enterprises, they are necessary for the implementation of production activities and the creation of goods and services; - fixed assets used in the non-production sphere contribute to the improvement of the level of science, culture, health care and social development of society; - improvement of the quality composition of fixed assets is a prerequisite for increasing labor productivity, modern technological means and equipment can increase production capacity, reduce production costs and improve product quality. The key approaches to the classification of indicators for assessing the efficiency of the use of fixed assets are analyzed, the evaluation of which allows to identify opportunities for optimizing their structure. Reserves for improving the efficiency of the use of fixed assets have been identified, including various opportunities and strategies that an enterprise can use to optimize and improve the management of its assets The features of the formation of the strategy of management of fixed assets are substantiated, which should contribute to increasing the efficiency of use of assets, reducing costs and ensuring the sustainability and competitiveness of the enterprise. It is determined that the strategy of management of fixed assets of enterprises in the modern dynamic economic environment requires an integrated and systematic approach, taking into account many factors and constant adaptation to changes. It is substantiated that strategic management of reproduction of fixed assets becomes a key advantage that helps enterprises to remain stable and competitive in the face of uncertainty, but requires them not only to respond to changes, but also to actively manage them, determine priorities and constant readiness for innovation.

Key Modes of Ignition and Maintenance of Corona Discharge in Air

Theoretical and experimental studies of various modes of corona discharge operation in atmospheric pressure air are presented in this short review. The original results of modeling negative corona discharges are presented, taking into account the non-stationary plasma-chemical kinetics of charged particles in air plasma. The space–time evolution of the discharge in needle-to-plane geometry is investigated and analyzed. Several stages of discharge development are revealed from the moment of initiation of a low-negative current corona to the quasi-stationary mode of a glow discharge. Experimental data of the authors are presented. Modern technology and diagnostic equipment with a wide variation of the main parameters (the shape and polarity of the applied voltage, the type of gap, etc.) was used. The measurement of the optical characteristics of the plasma glow was carried out with high spatial resolution. Corona discharge current pulse profiles in the air at atmospheric pressure have been recorded with subnanosecond time resolution. With a positive polarity of the pin electrode and high voltage, a transition from a spherical streamer initiating a corona discharge to a cylindrical streamer is shown. The author’s results are rigorously evaluated through a critical comparison with findings from other research groups.

Features of obtaining and properties of thin films organic semiconductors

In recent decades, thin films of organic semiconductors (OS), or, as they are also called, organic molecular crystals, have attracted special attention in connection with a number of proposals for their use in functional units of modern electronics, and therefore in modern technological equipment. At the same time, the optical, electrophysical and photoelectric properties of OS are very important, which are determined both by the structure of organic molecules, that is, the starting material, and by the crystal structure of condensates, that is, by the technological conditions of film production. In this regard, this article presents the results of studies of some properties of OS and the technology of obtaining thin films based on them. OS are characterized by weak intermolecular bonds of the Van der Baals type, which causes the low energy of their crystal lattice. In this regard, the electronic structure of individual molecules during the formation of a crystal does not change significantly, and the properties of the crystals almost completely preserve the individual features of the molecules in combination with new properties caused by their collective interaction. This determines the main features of optical and electrophysical properties of OS, their energy structure of neutral and ionized states. In this article, it is experimentally confirmed that the planar structure of atoms of molecular crystals, in particular, linear acenes, and therefore the number of π-electrons responsible for exciton absorption in the visible region of the spectrum determines the position of the edge of their own optical absorption. It was also confirmed that the long-wavelength shift of the optical absorption edge of thin films of phthalocyanines is observed when atoms of heavy elements, for example, lead, are introduced into the molecule. When atoms of lighter elements are introduced into the phthalocyanine molecule, their planarity is not disturbed, and the long-wavelength shift of the edge is much smaller. An explanation of such changes is presented based on the interaction of foreign atoms with the π-electron system of phthalocyanine rings of neighboring molecules. The significant influence of the technological parameters of production, in particular the temperature of the substrate during thermal sputtering, on the crystal structure and optical properties of thin films of linear polyacenes and metallophthalocyanines has been demonstrated and substantiated. The possibility of controlling and presetting the necessary properties of thin-film condensates of molecular crystals is shown.

Evaluation of operational performance parameters of rolling stock when driving over bumpy roads

The current situation on the railway network of Russia and the East Siberian Railways in particular, the increase in the number of wagon cuts and unsatisfactory condition of the track and rolling stock, require the search for optimal solutions to these problems. Considering this topical subject it is necessary to touch upon the issues of modern strategies and trends in the development of railway transport with the introduction of modern technologies and technological equipment. As a result of a detailed consideration of the cause-and-effect relationship of the occurrence of factors affecting the dynamics of the car passing the track irregularities, the starting point will be an in-depth analysis of the system of interactions between the wheel and the rail. This analysis will make it possible to objectively assess the causes of existing problems in the field of operation, describe the emerging phenomena with a sufficient degree of justification, offer progressive topical solutions and possible promising developments in this industry. Turning to the statistics on failures over the past 3 years, one can trace the growth of malfunctions associated with defects in the rolling surface of wheel sets. Indeed, an increase in the speed of rolling stock, and in the volume and quantity of transported goods resulted in an increase in the intensity of rolling stock operation. Consequently, there was an increase in loads on the main components of the rolling stock and in the intensity of parts wear.

Optimization of the operation of the mechanism of the cross planer

The subject of the research is the optimization of the mechanism of the cross planer. In the article, on the basis of the condition of closed contours, the equations of the projection of the links on the corresponding coordinate axes are compiled. A functional relationship has been established between the kinematic parameters characterizing the movement of the input and output links of the mechanism. The obtained numerical calculations are presented in the form of graphic dependences. The aim of the work is the optimal metric synthesis of the mechanism of a cross-planer, with parametric restrictions. The conclusions obtained in the article can be used to improve and design modern technological equipment with mechanisms similar to the mechanism of a cross-cutting machine.

Modeling the process of biological deferrization of underground waters in contact loading of bioreactor

The conducted analysis of modern biotechnologies in the field of groundwater treatment showed that one of the development trends is the direction of biological iron removal, which has not only a long history and fundamentality of research into the physiology, ultrastructure and life mechanisms of ferrobacteria, but also a wide implementation of the method at water treatment plants in Europе, Australia, Canada, USA, Japan. The introduction of modern technological equipment at such stations calls for the need to forecast their work using methods of mathematical modeling of processes with their subsequent computer implementation. The work provides a brief analysis of existing mathematical models, most of which are based on the kinetics of enzymatic reactions and are presented as modifications of the Michaelis-Menten and Monod equations.
 Despite the large number of studies on this topic, until now there is no comprehensive model that would take into account all the processes that take place in the contact loading of bioreactors, in contrast to the physicochemical mechanisms in the filtering process, for which modern multicomponent mathematical models have been developed.
 The aim of the work is to development of a mathematical model of the kinetics of the process of biological iron removal groundwater in bioreactors and verification of its computer implementation with the data of experimental studies. The mathematical model is represented by the Cauchy problem for a nonlinear system of differential equations in partial derivatives of the first order. The system of the Cauchy problem consists of five equations with five unknown functions, which describe the distribution the concentration of ferrum cations, bacteria and the matrix structures in two phases (movable and immobilized) both in space and time The inverse influence of the characteristics of the process, in particular, the concentration of matrix structures in the inter-pore space, as well as characteristics of the medium with the help of coefficients of mass exchange and porosity, were taken into account. The model makes it possible to predict changes in cleaning efficiency depending on the duration of the filter cycle, filtration speed, Fe2+ concentration, the content of iron bacteria and their matrix structures in the interpore space, and to determine the optimal time of operation of the bioreactor between washings

Evaluation of Ship Pollutant Emissions in the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach

The role of the shipping industry in international logistics has been highlighted with the development of the global economy and the increase in international trade. Simultaneously, some of the environmental problems caused by shipping activities have gradually surfaced. The development of modern communication technology and marine communication equipment increased the feasibility of real-time ship dynamic data, as an information source for monitoring ship sailing states, and provided a data basis for the control of ship pollutant emissions. Based on the Automatic Identification System (AIS) data and ship-related data obtained from the waters of the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach in 2020, the dynamic method is combined with the ship traffic emissions model STEAM2 to calculate the ship pollutant emissions in the two ports, and the relevant analysis work is conducted to evaluate the control effect of the Emission Control Area (ECA) policies on pollutant emissions. Results show that the ship pollutant emissions for CO, CXHX, NOX, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 were 1230, 510, 11,700, 6670, 248, and 232 tons, respectively. These results also indicate the possible presence of a large gap in the distribution trend of ship pollutant emissions, according to different ship types and sailing states. Moreover, the control effect of various ECA policies on pollutant emissions is not the same, that is, the impact of ECA policies on SO2 and particulate matter is the largest, and that on NOX is minimal.

Role of Legislation, Need of Strong Legal Framework and Procedures to Contest Effectively with Cybercrime and Money Laundering

There is need for a robust and strong legislation to tackle white Collar-crime is stressed, which is on the rise in both the public and private sectors. The effect of immoral and unlawful actions in government, notably high-level bribes, has crippled the financial and legislative bodies in their normal functioning. Bank frauds, money laundering, and cybercrimes are also on the rise, due to the widespread use of digital gadgets and the internet. The absence of strong network-security systems especially in the banking sector has caused great losses indeed. The goal of this study is multidimensional; more about the importance of applying strong regulations as well as morality and ethical principles. It has been argued in this paper that morality and ethical norms positively influence minimizing such crimes; if morality and ethics are coupled with strong legislation, it works as a Deterrence Force. It will undoubtedly be one of the most momentous global occurrences in recent history, long-term impacting culture, government operations, crime, economics, politics, and social relationships. The major role in combating the crime depends upon the existence of strong legislation capable of causing a reduction in the crime rate, which allows the investigators vast powers and collaboration with the prosecution and safeguarding the witnesses. The criminals are very well organized and use the most modern technology and IT equipment, therefore, the police, investigators, and prosecutors must have and be highly trained and equipped, similarly. appropriate methods and algorithms are required. We create a new method, a dynamic atomic shared memory for message communication. A properly stated method is proposed for message communication and then implemented. According to this method, owners can be changed dynamically, and their access to read and write also changes.

Using Diagnostics to Research the Operational Reliability of Electronic Engine Control Systems of Skoda Car

Introduction. Some physical processes active in the electronic engine control systems lead to wear and tear of the system elements. Experience in operating and diagnosing vehicles at the service station has shown that there is the operation of vehicles with failures, many of which subsequently lead to malfunctions of different complexities. The purpose of the study is to apply diagnostics for determining the operational reliability and assessing the technical condition of electronic engine control systems. Materials and Methods. A batch of cars was selected to assess the operational reliability of modern electronic engine control system. There were carried out experimental tests of Skoda Octavia cars with 1.8 TSI CDAB 152 hp Euro5 engine and CDAA 160 hp Euro5 engine. The sample consisted of 60 vehicles. Every vehicle was registered for diagnostics, pre-maintenance and computer diagnostics. After a short test, the vehicle was taken back to the service station and subjected to a detailed diagnosis of the electronic engine control system. Results. The results of analyzing reliability of the main elements of the electronic engine control system have been obtained. It can be concluded that most of the failures of the structural elements of the electronic engine control system occur within the actuators of the system, which have moving elements, sensors measuring the parameters of the system wear out to a lesser extent. The analysis of dependence of failure rates of the fuel pump pressure regulator on operating time intervals has been carried out. Discussion and Conclusion. It was determined that the spark plugs have the least mileage lifetime. At the same time, the failure within the fuel pressure regulator of the car fuel system occurs most frequently (19.8% of total). The resource of this element of the electronic engine control system averages 125,000 km. It is proved that diagnostics using modern technological equipment is effective.

Fifth Generation and Hybrid Warfare: Response Strategy of Pakistan

The current study is designed to find out the nature and level of the fifth generation warfare in Pakistan. Pakistan is facing security challenges on account of terrorism and regional security. It is the time to understand the latest trends in the Fifth generation warfare war and implications for Pakistan. Threats to Pakistan’s stability by the hostile countries and their proxies by using 5GW and its ramification needed to be deeply analyzed. The objectives of this study are the conception of the term, comparison between different generations of warfare, mechanisms and techniques used in it and implications on the security of Pakistan and response strategies. Qualitative research design was implemented with data collection from secondary sources. The findings of the study show that the concept of 5GW is very difficult to comprehend and define, yet it has been grasped differently. The all generations of warfare are basically on two major areas i.e. targeting certain type of ideology and developing modern technology and warfare equipment’s. The study concluded that Pakistan is currently facing higher level of fifth generation warfare from India mainly in four major domains i.e. conventional war, diplomatic challenges, misinformation and economic suppression. The findings of the current study are of prime importance for framing a constructive policy in order to counter the 5GW threats. By delineating key issues and challenges, this research presents some recommendation to improve the countering strategies regarding 5GW in the context of Pakistan.