Modern Systems Research Articles

Very short-term wind power forecasting considering static data: An improved transformer model

The randomness and fluctuations in wind power generation present significant challenges for grid and wind farm dispatching. Accurate very short-term wind power forecasting (WPF) is therefore essential for the efficient operation of modern power systems. Data-driven models, such as Transformers, have demonstrated their effectiveness in WPF due to their ability to efficiently capture global features in long sequences. However, limited research has examined the impact of incorporating static data into WPF, which may limit forecasting accuracy. This paper proposes a Temporal Fusion Transformer forecasting model to address this challenge. This approach employs static data as the input features for the model. The model includes feature selection through a variable selection network and employs a specialized temporal fusion decoder to learn effectively from these static features. The case results show that the results of the proposed model are more accurate than the state-of-the-art methods, reducing MAPE by at least 1.32%, RMSE by 0.0091, and improving R2 by 0.035 in case studies. Additionally, the model maintains a manageable computational burden, underscoring its practical applicability.

Comparative Analysis of Huffman Coding Implementations for Efficient Data Communication Using Greedy and Divide-and-Conquer Techniques

Efficient data compression techniques are required to minimize storage and processing overhead due to modern systems' growing amount of data. Huffman Coding is a lossless compression technique that maintains data integrity by assigning shorter bit codes to characters appearing frequently, reducing size. Our analysis focuses on two implementation methodologies: greedy technique and divide and conquer. To find efficient solutions, divide-and-conquer algorithms partition problems into smaller components. In contrast, greedy algorithms strive to attain the utmost attainable result at each level. Our extensive investigation centers on the timing and space intricacies of diverse methodologies, enabling a comparative analysis that underscores their respective merits and drawbacks.

Trauma patients in the practice of medical rescue teams in Poland

Quick and effective access to professional medical assistance in emergencies has become a key element of the modern healthcare system. Emergency medical services play a vital role in immediate response to medical emergencies, in particular traumatic injury. According to estimates, emergency medical services delivered to trauma patients account for 10-20% of all services provided by paramedic units in Poland. An analysis of paramedic services delivered to trauma patients will make a significant contribution to the effectiveness and optimization of emergency medical services. The aim of this study was to analyze the emergency medical services delivered by paramedic units to trauma patients in the voivodeship of Warmia and Mazury over a period of three years. The study involved a retrospective analysis of statistical data for the above voivodeship. The patients were classified according to the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) [1]. Most trauma patients were assigned ICD-10 codes S (injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes) and T (injuries involving multiple body regions) categories. Results: The diagnoses made by physicians, paramedics, and emergency nurses in patient care reports were the source of data for the retrospective analysis. A total of 400,251 cases (n= 400,251) were analyzed and 11,329 cases were selected (n=11,329), including 1130 patients (n=1130) who were assigned code S and 10,199 patients (n=10,199) who were assigned to code T. The examined database is administered by the Governor of the Voivodeship of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn [2]. The following types of information were analyzed: area of intervention, the patients’ age and sex, type of medical emergency, location, date, and alcohol breath odor. The collected data were analyzed to determine the presence of relationships between: a life-threatening medical emergency and the patient’s age, a life-threatening medical emergency and the patient’s sex, the patient’s age and the diagnosis made by paramedics, alcohol breath odor and the patient’s sex, and the patient’s sex and the diagnosis made by paramedics. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that the risk of a life-threatening medical emergency is higher in younger patients and decreases gradually in older patients. The above risk is somewhat higher in men than in women. The percentage of patients assigned code S (injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes) increases with age. Alcohol breath odor is more frequently detected in patients residing in areas with a population above 10,000 than in patients residing in small towns and rural areas. The patient’s sex is not significantly correlated with the type of medical emergency, and the prevalence of the diagnosed medical emergencies tends to be similar in both sexes.

Dynamic load frequency control in Power systems using a hybrid simulated annealing based Quadratic Interpolation Optimizer

Ensuring the stability and reliability of modern power systems is increasingly challenging due to the growing integration of renewable energy sources and the dynamic nature of load demands. Traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers, while widely used, often fall short in effectively managing these complexities. This paper introduces a novel approach to load frequency control (LFC) by proposing a filtered PID (PID-F) controller optimized through a hybrid simulated annealing based quadratic interpolation optimizer (hSA-QIO). The hSA-QIO uniquely combines the local search capabilities of simulated annealing (SA) with the global optimization strengths of the quadratic interpolation optimizer (QIO), providing a robust and efficient solution for LFC challenges. The key contributions of this study include the development and application of the hSA-QIO, which significantly enhances the performance of the PID-F controller. The proposed hSA-QIO was evaluated on unimodal, multimodal, and low-dimensional benchmark functions, to demonstrate its robustness and effectiveness across diverse optimization scenarios. The results showed significant improvements in solution quality compared to the original QIO, with lower objective function values and faster convergence. Applied to a two-area interconnected power system with hybrid photovoltaic-thermal power generation, the hSA-QIO-tuned controller achieved a substantial reduction in the integral of time-weighted absolute error by 23.4%, from 1.1396 to 0.87412. Additionally, the controller reduced the settling time for frequency deviations in Area 1 by 9.9%, from 1.0574 s to 0.96191 s, and decreased the overshoot by 8.8%. In Area 2, the settling time was improved to 0.89209 s, with a reduction in overshoot by 4.8%. The controller also demonstrated superior tie-line power regulation, achieving immediate response with minimal overshoot.

Investigating Intelligent Forecasting and Optimization in Electrical Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Techniques and Applications

Electrical power systems are the lifeblood of modern civilization, providing the essential energy infrastructure that powers our homes, industries, and technologies. As our world increasingly relies on electricity, and modern power systems incorporate renewable energy sources, the challenges have become more complex, necessitating advanced forecasting and optimization to ensure effective operation and sustainability. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of electrical power systems and delves into the crucial roles that forecasting and optimization play in ensuring future sustainability. The paper examines various forecasting methodologies from traditional statistical approaches to advanced machine learning techniques, and it explores the challenges and importance of renewable energy forecasting. Additionally, the paper offers an in-depth look at various optimization problems in power systems including economic dispatch, unit commitment, optimal power flow, and network reconfiguration. Classical optimization methods and newer approaches such as meta-heuristic algorithms and artificial intelligence-based techniques are discussed. Furthermore, the review paper examines the integration of forecasting and optimization, demonstrating how accurate forecasts can enhance the effectiveness of optimization algorithms. This review serves as a reference for electrical engineers developing sophisticated forecasting and optimization techniques, leading to changing consumer behaviors, addressing environmental concerns, and ensuring a reliable, efficient, and sustainable energy future.

The Mason-Alberta Phonetic Segmenter: a forced alignment system based on deep neural networks and interpolation.

Given an orthographic transcription, forced alignment systems automatically determine boundaries between segments in speech, facilitating the use of large corpora. In the present paper, we introduce a neural network-based forced alignment system, the Mason-Alberta Phonetic Segmenter (MAPS). MAPS serves as a testbed for two possible improvements we pursue for forced alignment systems. The first is treating the acoustic model as a tagger, rather than a classifier, motivated by the common understanding that segments are not truly discrete and often overlap. The second is an interpolation technique to allow more precise boundaries than the typical 10 ms limit in modern systems. During testing, all system configurations we trained significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art Montreal Forced Aligner in the 10 ms boundary placement tolerance threshold. The greatest difference achieved was a 28.13 % relative performance increase. The Montreal Forced Aligner began to slightly outperform our models at around a 30 ms tolerance. We also reflect on the training process for acoustic modeling in forced alignment, highlighting how the output targets for these models do not match phoneticians' conception of similarity between phones and that reconciling this tension may require rethinking the task and output targets or how speech itself should be segmented.

Public Perception of the Higher Education System under the Regime of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

A modern, free, and dynamic higher education system is the basic and critical element of successful nation, and it can contribute to the progress and development of a country. Under both regimes of the Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan, the higher education system has undergone significant changes to align with the government’s interpretation of Islamic principles. This study is important to understand how Afghan society views the changes and policies implemented in the education sector under the current regime. The research study aims to evaluate public sentiment regarding access, quality, and inclusivity of higher education, particularly in relation to gender, curriculum changes, and ideological shifts. This paper focuses on the Taliban’s higher education system and investigates public responses to educational policies. This paper will offer recommendations to all stakeholders involved in the Afghan higher education system, aimed at improving its management and development during this crucial period. This work employs non-doctrinal and library research methodology. Non-doctrinal research examines how laws are applied and experienced in practice by collecting data through surveys, interviews, field studies, and observations. In this research study, data was collected through a questionnaire and then analyzed through SPSS. Moreover, in the library research methodology, most of the reputable and trustworthy academic sources such as textbooks, scholarly published and unpublished journal articles, law reports, and online websites related to the research area were analyzed through descriptive, explanatory, and analytical research approaches. The Afghan higher education system, established in the 1930s, has faced continuous political pressures, especially during periods of conflict like the Soviet invasion and civil war from the 1980s to 1990s. Women face major limitations in higher education, including restrictions on fields of study and exclusion from faculty positions, raising concerns about gender equality and access to education.

A digital twin-assisted intelligent fault diagnosis method for hydraulic systems

As the complexity of modern engineering systems increases, traditional fault detection models face growing challenges in achieving accuracy and reliability. This paper presents a novel Digital Twin-assisted fault diagnosis framework specifically designed for hydraulic systems. The framework utilizes a virtual model, constructed using Modelica, which is integrated with real-time system data through a first-of-its-kind bidirectional data consistency evaluation mechanism. The integrated data is further refined using a two-dimensional signal warping algorithm to enhance its reliability. This optimized twin data is then employed to train a multi-channel one-dimensional convolutional neural network-gated recurrent unit model, effectively capturing both spatial and temporal features to improve fault detection. The subsea blowout preventer in lab is used to study the performance of the method. The results show that the accuracy is 95.62 %. Compared to current methods, this is a significant improvement. By integrating DT technology, data consistency optimization, and advanced deep learning techniques, this framework provides a scalable and reliable solution for predictive maintenance in complex engineering systems.

DECONSTRUCTING STABILITY: THE IMPACT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR ON THE FORMATION OF A NEW SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

On February 24, 2022, a full-scale Russian aggression against Ukraine began. It became a continuation of the Russian hybrid offensive and finally testified to the transition to a new geopolitical reality. In this sense, the Russian-Ukrainian war of 2014–2024 should be considered a postponed major European war. It initiated the transition from post-bipolarity to a neo-post-bipolar international system. The Russian-Ukrainian war became the most powerful armed conflict in Europe after the end of the Second World War. Russian hybrid and full-scale aggression caused a wave of political-diplomatic, military, socio-economic tsunami. It significantly influenced the transformation of the post-bipolar international order that functioned after the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union and the communist bloc. Today, it is impossible to accurately determine all the consequences and changes in the international arena that the modern Russian-Ukrainian war will lead to. However, it should be considered a turning point for the activation of radical changes. First, the modern neo-post-bipolar system of unstable equilibrium relations is characterized by an orientation towards the transformation of the global international order into a “post-American world”. Secondly, other centers of globalization have emerged and are gaining strength, especially the People's Republic of China and the EU, as well as the G 20 and BRICS states. Thirdly, the Russian Federation seeks to create an anti-American/anti-Western coalition in the face of an acute armed conflict and increased sanctions. Fourthly, the transformation of the modern system of international relations takes place in the direction of the formation of polycentrism while preserving the “deconstruction of stability”, that is, the strengthening of the conflict-causing potential at the global, regional, and peripheral levels.

Optimal Design of Smart Antenna Arrays for Beamforming, Direction Finding, and Null Placement Using the Soft Computing Method

ABSTRACTThe urge of modern communication system is to design and development of the smart antennas with adaptive radiation characteristics. The multifold capabilities of fourth‐dimensional antenna arrays can cater that much needed adaptiveness if properly designed. Compared to the conventional arrays, the fourth‐dimensional arrays have one added advantage as the ‘Time’ of all the switched‐on antenna elements can be managed to generate the required amplitude and phase tapering without even using attenuators and phase shifters. However, one inherent limitation of fourth‐dimensional control parameter is the generation of harmonics or sidebands. This article proposes various means of radiation pattern synthesis in fourth‐dimensional linear antenna arrays with pulse shifting, pulse splitting, and a combination of both. First of all, the pulse splitting and shifting techniques are combinedly proposed by reducing the sidelobe levels and sideband levels of the beamforming antenna arrays to enhance directivities and efficiencies. Then, this mathematical proposition of the direction finding fourth‐dimensional arrays is developed. Finally, broad nulls over a specific angle of arrival region are created for jamming and interference mitigation. For all these cases, the sidelobe level and the unwanted higher‐order sideband levels are suppressed to reduce the unwanted interferences and power losses. The optimal time schemes for all the synthesized patterns are generated by proposing a chaos‐based soft computing algorithm. The radiofrequency signals at each radiating array element are processed by the optimal time schemes proposed for specific applications. The outcomes are validated and compared with other state‐of‐the‐art works of this domain to prove the competency of the proposed work. The qualitative and quantitative comparisons presented for beamforming array is aimed for a good improvement over other reported works by targeting ultralow (less than −40 dB) sidelobe and sideband levels. For direction‐finding array, the proposed idea has also targeted ultralow sidelobes for the main as well as steered beam patterns. Furthermore, the null placement over a region has been aimed to cover more area for jamming and sidelobe reduction for interference mitigation. Overall, the optimal designs proposed for these advanced applications are beneficial for cutting‐edge communication systems.

Formation of the linguistic culture of the individual in the modern education system: the impact of globalization and deglobalization processes

Introduction. The modern socio-cultural situation continues to develop under the influence of globalization processes both in political, economic, socio-cultural, and linguistic-cultural aspects. However, at present there is a turn towards deglobalization, which is noted by many researchers (Yu. P. Denisov, Ya. B. Komarova, O. O. Komolov, etc.). Along with the impact on many spheres of social activity, including the education system, globalization and deglobalization processes affect the formation of a person’s linguistic culture. Purpose setting. The purpose of the article is to investigate how the influence of globalization and deglobalization processes has affected the formation of a person’s linguistic culture in the modern education system.Methodology and methods of the study. The methodological basis of the article is the analysis of research on the problems of globalization; deglobalization; formation of the linguistic culture of the individual and the influence of globalization and deglobalization processes on its formation in the system of modern education.Results. The article presents the result of the analysis of research on the phenomena of globalization and deglobalization. Definitions of the concepts of «globalization» and «deglobalization» are given, as well as various concepts of globalization, including information (network). The role of globalization and de-globalization processes in the formation of the linguistic culture of the individual in the modern education system is considered. It is noted that globalization and globalization processes have an impact on the language and linguistic culture of the individual. There is a tendency to expand the globalization processes and their impact on the phenomenon of linguistic culture of the individual.Conclusion. Globalization is interpreted in two ways: on the one hand, as a «holistic objective, philosophically grounded cultural and historical process», on the other – «as a subjectivist-ideologized action identified with Americanization/mcdonalization and Westernization». Globalization processes have a significant impact on the formation of a person’s linguistic culture, which is manifested 1) in the functioning of a large layer of English-speaking vocabulary in various languages, including Russian (English is now acting as a so-called global language); 2) the emergence of many variants of the English language (linguistic hybrids) (Runglish, Spanglish, Indlish, Cinglish, Singlish, Franglais, etc.), a kind of pseudo-languages, a hybrid of English and national; 3) the differentiated functioning of Anglo-balicisms in modern media; 4) the introduction of English-language vocabulary into various language systems, which leads to the spread of Anglo-Saxon culture (mainly American); 5) blurring the boundaries between national languages and culture. Deglobalization contributes to a turn towards the importance of national languages and culture, drawing the attention of state structures to restoring their dominant role in the process of forming a linguistic culture of an individual.

Безплазовий метод конструкторської підготовки виробництва літаків авіації загального призначення

The article’s subject is the design preparation for producing light general aviation aircraft. This article aims to develop design solutions for a light cheap aircraft with low flight and ground costs, to substantiate the possibility and necessity of using modern CAD systems and new plazless methods to ensure the interchangeability of light aircraft components to reduce design and production costs. Objective: to analyze the global demand for light aircraft, to substantiate the possibility and feasibility of introducing independent (plazless) methods for linking technological equipment and aircraft design components, to develop a list of design work and expected results, to develop digital models (electronic drawings) of the aircraft as a whole and its components, to prove the effectiveness of such approaches. The research methods used are the analysis of scientific and technical documentation, numerical modeling of the aerodynamic flow around the aircraft, the stress-strain state of the units, and the design of the aircraft and its components considering the results of numerical modeling. The following results were obtained: a set of digital models (electronic drawings) of the whole aircraft, a fuselage, a wing, a horizontal and vertical tail, a chassis, digital models (electronic drawings) of the aircraft parts. The scientific and practical novelty of the obtained results is as follows: a set of aircraft design engineering documents developed based on statistical data analysis and numerical modeling will allow manufacturing, testing the aircraft, and obtaining a certificate of airworthiness, which, in turn, will make it possible to subsequently begin serial production of the aircraft and create full-fledged primary flight training classes designed to improve flight training activities for cadets of higher military educational institutions and create opportunities for training civilian pilots.

The Impact of Inflation on Commercial Banks in China

Abstract: Inflation is an important issue that affects the profitability and operational stability of commercial banks. Conducting an in-depth analysis of these influences while putting forward effective countermeasures can be beneficial to ensuring the stable operation of commercial banks. This paper focuses on the period from 1937 to 1949 where the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War, which had contributed to severe inflation and disrupted the banking sector, and the formation of the modern Chinese banking system. This study critically examines the main causes behind inflation, evaluates their implications on the functioning of commercial banks. It also assesses both the positive and negative impacts on commercial banks, pointing out the challenges commercial banks face during different periods. For example, the market turmoil and policy changes in the 1940s have made it difficult for commercial banks to retain normal operation; therefore are suffering from making profits and inflation has made the situation even worse. In addition, this paper provides short-run and long-run strategies for reducing the negative effects of inflation, with consideration of Chinas unique economic structure and historical context. By integrating insights from historical and contemporary perspectives, this analysis aims to offer valuable views on the micro and macro impacts inflation could bring.

FEATURES OF THE MODERN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The article examines different approaches to the essence of the concepts of «management», «health care management», etc., based on which the interpretation of the concept of «health care management» is proposed. Conceptualization of the content of the terms «management» and «administration» is of great importance for the development of the conceptual and categorical apparatus not only of the theory of management and science in general, but also of modern branch theories. The variety of approaches is caused by the conditions of functioning of modern management systems in the field of health care, which is caused by the continuation of the reformation of the management system of the industry, the addition of the legal framework, the search for sources of financing, personnel support, and the development of infrastructure in most modern states. The article analyzes the object and subject of health care management as mandatory components of the structure of the health care system. The content of the main functions and methods of management in the field of health care is revealed. The interrelationship of functions and methods depending on the level of management and the applied model of organization of the health care system is analyzed. It is emphasized that the presence of different types of health care models depends not only on the method of financing and management, but also on the conformity of this model to the cultural, economic and social characteristics of the nation and the state. It is indicated that modern states, which continue the process of reforming the health care sector, can use the best practices of each of the presented models to create an effective and accessible system of medical care, capable of responding to modern challenges, with an effective management system. It has been established that the management system of the health care sector should be based on a number of scientific approaches that will allow taking into account all factors of the internal and external environment. It has been proven that the need to form an optimal management system is an important element of transformational processes in the field of health care. Today, the field of health care should be aimed at developing the capacity of health care institutions to meet the established quality standards, offer a favorable environment for the activities of medical workers, and meet the existing needs of citizens.

Solving the problem of automating the learning process through experimental search for an individual educational trajectory

The automation of the educational process and the introduction of adaptive learning are becoming the most effective ways to solve the problem of the shortage of highly qualified personnel under digitalization of education.The article proposes an approach to the formation of individual educational trajectories as a composition of pedagogical experiments, which is characterized by good interpretability in comparison with methods based on machine learning. This approach, unlike most modern parametric solutions, involves an experimental search for an individual educational trajectory for each student of the group, and not just a part of the students of the group in which the application of a specific parametric solution is effective. It is proposed that the procedure of selecting educational technologies be automated similarly to how it is done by teachers in small groups, for example, by applying the automated trial and error method and its optimized versions. The possibility of transferring educational technologies to other courses is considered, without which technology reuse and scaling are impossible. A new function of the learning system is described, i. e. the formation of an individual educational trajectory, which is used throughout the study in higher education.The obtained results can be used in the construction of modern systems of individualization of learning and conducting distributed pedagogical experiments, which, in turn, reduces the threshold of teachers’ entry into the study of new learning technologies and accelerates the widespread dissemination of promising educational technologies.

Addressing output ripples in low-power CMOS-based multistage DC-DC boost converters for self-powered electrochemical sensors applications

In modern electronic systems, the DC-DC converter plays a pivotal role by facilitating the conversion of direct current (DC) from one voltage level to another. Given the diverse voltage requirements of contemporary chips, a single chip may encompass multiple circuitry groupings, each necessitating specific voltage levels for optimal functionality. To address this need, voltage converters are essential, whether it involves increasing the voltage (Boost converter), decreasing the voltage level (Buck converter), or performing both functions (Buck-boost converter). This paper presents a novel multistage DC-DC converter designed to minimize voltage ripples. The proposed three-stage DC-DC converter is supplied with a 1.5-V input and achieves a four-boost ratio. The cascaded architecture integrates switching capacitors and a gyrator, complemented by a terminating low-pass filter, resulting in a minimal voltage ripple of 0.0003 % relative to the maximum output voltage. Notably, integrating the gyrator enables an inductorless CMOS-based architecture, significantly reducing layout area to 30 × 140 μm2. Furthermore, the converter's transient response was simulated, yielding a response time of 90 ms.

Data-driven stochastic dynamic economic dispatch for combined heat and power systems using particle swarm optimization

In modern power systems, the uncertain behavior of renewable energy sources (RESs) may result in deviations from the optimal operating dispatches for the various power sources. The electric power generation from Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units is characterized by high efficiency with less pollution. To use CHP units more efficiently, the dynamic economic dispatch problem is applied to obtain the optimal power and heat sources’ outputs to satisfy heat and power demands while meeting the different operational constraints. In this paper, data-driven stochastic optimization is used to model these uncertainties utilizing the Generative Adversarial Networks in scenario generation that are accurate and do not require fitting models or modeling probability distributions. Then, the Fast Forward Selection technique is used to decrease the number of scenarios to improve system tractability. The results obtained indicate that the variability in electrical load, photovoltaic (PV), and wind turbine (WT) output significantly impacts the overall operational costs of the power system. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate the uncertainties associated with electrical load, PV, and WT when aiming for accurate results in economic dispatch. the study found that the overall operation cost of the dynamic economic dispatch of the electrical system for 24 hours after integrating RES achieved a daily savings of 2.5 % in the first scenario. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that RESs positively contribute to reducing the total operational costs of the power system. The economic dispatch of CHP systems is influenced by the integration of RESs and the uncertainties associated with electrical parameters.

Optimal micro-pump-storage system for the average Greek hotel with PV generation

In this paper, a modern micro-scale pumped hydro storage system that is specifically designed to operate in coordination with photovoltaics installed at the roof of an average Greek hotel is presented. The fictitious hotel chosen as a case study, displays the energy profile of an average sea-side hotel around the Mediterranean Sea, while photovoltaics’ energy generation is assumed to follow the typical production profile of such sites. Pumped hydro storage and photovoltaic generation, size and cost have been appropriately modeled so that they realistically simulate their operational scheme, while also considering the spatial and technical characteristics and limitations of such projects. Results derived from the implementation of such a scheme into the Average Greek hotel demonstrated significant monetary benefits, accompanied with a substantial net annual profit and low payback period of the investment.

İNFORMASİYALARIN MƏNİMSƏNİLMƏSİNDƏ KOQNİTİV BACARIQLARIN ROLU

The article discusses the role of cognitive skills in the absorption of information provided in modern information communication systems. It is shown that currently both the old and the young generation have a number of difficulties in the assimilation of information provided by electronic means. Difficulties are caused by different forms of information, used symbols, etc. The article justifies the role of cognitive skills and competencies in solving those difficulties. In this field, the tasks facing the education system are explained. The directions of the works to be carried out are indicated.

Investigation of friction and wear characteristics between modular charge and aluminum alloy for feeding process in artillery systems

In modern artillery systems, frictional properties of modular charge significantly impact the operation of artillery feeding system. In this study, Tribology performance between modular charge and aluminum alloy were investigated under simulated environment of artillery. The result indicates that the COF initially increased and then decreases with the temperature dropped from 50 °C to −40 °C. Additionally, COF increased from 0.19 to 0.41 when relative velocity increased from 100 mm/s to 2000mm/s. SEM detection and chemical composition analysis demonstrated that the main wear forms are adhesive wear and abrasive wear. The tribofilm including aluminum titanium oxide and aluminum nitrides generated through tribochemical reaction, which are beneficial for boundary lubrication. This work provides theoretical reference for artillery tribology research.