Modern Society Research Articles

UNVEILING GENDER BIAS: AN ANALYSIS THE DECONSTRUCTION OF MEANING IN ADVERTISING THROUGH CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Society's current views on gender equality have become a crucial topic of in-depth discussion, especially those widely promoted by modern society in advertising. It proves that the meaning of gender equality recognized in society has shifted from its true meaning. This research aims to raise the issue of gender equality by deconstructing the meaning of gender equality in advertising from a feminist perspective using Critical Discourse Analysis. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research design with a critical discourse analysis approach by Fairclough, which focuses on three dimensions: the textual, discursive, and sociocultural practice dimensions. The data collection technique in this research uses the SBLC (Simak Bebas Libat Cakap) and note-taking techniques, in which the researcher listens to the utterances contained in the advertisement and records the utterances that will be used as data objects. Data sources were obtained from advertisements published on YouTube, totaling four advertisements with the theme of gender equality. The results of this study provide a deep understanding of the meaning of gender equality in the media and society. They can build different stereotypes or realities and be well-accepted by society. In addition, the deconstruction of meaning allows us as researchers or academics to look more critically at the discourse in these advertisements and whether gender equality always puts men in a position that dominates women.

Analysis of Similarities and Discrepancies Between Chinese and Western Hermits Based on Tao Yuanming and Thoreau

Throughout history, the word “hermit” has been a universal concept in both Chinese and western cultures. Chinese and western hermits keep harmony in diversity. To some extent, in terms of some core values, they step on the same paths. At the same time, differences also make them shine uniquely. In ancient societies and modern world, their simple lifestyle and unshakable pursuit of inner purification have inspired people to seek for the real themselves. Their great minds, unique attitudes towards life and extraordinary contributions have significantly promoted the fields of literature, arts and philosophy. This thesis takes Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau, who were typical figures of hermits as main examples, uses a comparative analysis approach, shedding light on the similarities and discrepancies between Chinese and western hermits. Additionally, it provides suggestions on how to live peacefully and easily. In our modern society full of involution and competition, it is of great significance to learn, inherit and internalize the precious spirits, thoughts and ideas from hermits.

Методология исследования террористической деятельности. Часть 2: познавательные инструменты

Introduction. The article is a logical continuation of the publication “Terrorism Research Methodology. Part 1: Research Fundamentals”. The article is devoted to the description of specific methodological tools of terrorist activity research. On account of the complexity of terrorist activity, the increasing complexity in the dynamics of social development, the diversity of types and forms of terrorism in modern transitional society, it is necessary to apply effective approaches to research. Methods. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the fundamental bases and postulates of philosophical methodology: universal categories, principles and regularities of dialectical and activity approaches, general scientific methodology of system approach, as well as a set of general logical methods of cognition. Results. The author substantiates that the dialectical method makes it possible to study the contradictory nature of terrorism, manifested in the dynamics of terrorist activity in the context of socio-historical development. The understanding of the complexity, diversity of types and forms, technological nature of terrorist activity as a modern socio-legal phenomenon, its place and role in the dynamics of social development of modern transitional society, as well as the need for systemic counteraction to it determines the requirement for applying a systemic approach. The use of the methodology of the interval approach provides a comprehensive study of the terrorist activity and its manifestations in various aspects and dimensions, the synthesis of knowledge of each of them helps to obtain an interval model of terrorist activity. Application of the activity approach reveals terrorist activity as criminal behaviour implemented on a systematic basis, including precriminal and post-criminal actions from a standpoint of committing a terrorist act.

Trigger Warning: How Modern Diet, Lifestyle, and Environment Pull the Trigger on Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Progression

Understanding chronic kidney disease (CKD) through the lens of evolutionary biology highlights the mismatch between our Paleolithic-optimized genes and modern diets, which led to the dramatically increased prevalence of CKD in modern societies. In particular, the Standard American Diet (SAD), high in carbohydrates and ultra-processed foods, causes conditions like type 2 diabetes (T2D), chronic inflammation, and hypertension, leading to CKD. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a genetic form of CKD, is characterized by progressive renal cystogenesis that leads to renal failure. This review challenges the fatalistic view of ADPKD as solely a genetic disease. We argue that, just like non-genetic CKD, modern dietary practices, lifestyle, and environmental exposures initiate and accelerate ADPKD progression. Evidence shows that carbohydrate overconsumption, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance significantly impact renal health. Additionally, factors like dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, nephrotoxin exposure, gastrointestinal dysbiosis, and renal microcrystal formation exacerbate ADPKD. Conversely, carbohydrate restriction, ketogenic metabolic therapy (KMT), and antagonizing the lithogenic risk show promise in slowing ADPKD progression. Addressing disease triggers through dietary modifications and lifestyle changes offers a conservative, non-pharmacological strategy for disease modification in ADPKD. This comprehensive review underscores the urgency of integrating diet and lifestyle factors into the clinical management of ADPKD to mitigate disease progression, improve patient outcomes, and offer therapeutic choices that can be implemented worldwide at low or no cost to healthcare payers and patients.

Лицо, совершившее преступление: современные вызовы и ответы

Introduction. The view of criminal law as a means of regulating the behaviour of free willed people, which limits the sphere of criminal repression, has always been corrected by pragmatic considerations related to the need to influence the harmful behaviour of non-personal subjects. In modern society there is a need for it in connection with the assessment of socially significant harm, the source of which are legal entities and artificial intelligence systems, resulting in attempts to include them in the category of subjects of criminal law on the basis of the theoretically questionable concept of distinguishing between subjects of crime and subjects of criminal liability. Methods. The research was carried out by means of various methods, particularly general scientific methods of cognition, such as analysis, synthesis, generalisation, as well as private scientific - formal-legal, comparative-legal, method of interpreting legal norms, etc. Results. It is obvious that the issue of applying measures of influence in relation to non-personal subjects of law should be resolved with regard to and on the basis of philosophical theories of criminal law, the most attractive of which presents criminal law as a means of moral condemnation of acts that destroy the system of values designed to guarantee the stability and sustainability of society, and which does not allow the application of measures of criminal law influence against persons who are not capable of free moral choice. Keeping the current provisions on the possibility of recognising the subject of crime and the subject of criminal liability as exclusively a human being should be considered as a component of the system of maintaining the human aspect of criminal law and protecting the law from its dehumanisation.

Socialization causes long-lasting behavioral changes

In modern human societies, social isolation acts as a negative factor for health and life quality. On the other hand, social interaction also has profound effects on animal and human, impacting aggressiveness, feeding and sleep, among many other behaviors. Here, we observe that in the fly Drosophila melanogaster these behavioral changes long-last even after social interaction has ceased, suggesting that the socialization experience triggers behavioral plasticity. These modified behaviors maintain similar levels for 24 h and persist up to 72 h, although showing a progressive decay. We also find that impairing long-term memory mechanisms either genetically or by anesthesia abolishes the expected behavioral changes in response to social interaction. Furthermore, we show that socialization increases CREB-dependent neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity in the mushroom body, the main insect memory center analogous to mammalian hippocampus. We propose that social interaction triggers socialization awareness, understood as long-lasting changes in behavior caused by experience with mechanistic similarities to long-term memory formation.

Women as child carers: Arranging and compensating mothering in early modern Lancashire

ABSTRACT This article uses a database of fifty petitions submitted to the Lancashire Quarter Session Courts between 1660 and 1720 to locate mothers who cared for non-kin children in early modern England. While boarding children with non-kin was a practice not unknown to historians, the identities and experiences of the women who provided the childcare have hitherto been largely absent from previous scholarships. These petitions were brought by women who were not receiving the appropriate or arranged financial compensation for their caring responsibilities. Through their descriptions of disorder in their arrangements, we can uncover not only the attributes of the carers and their lived experiences but also more broadly what early modern English society expected from them. In addition, these petitions allow for a deeper understanding of how the practice of boarding children operated within and without the confines of the poor laws. Given the importance of child-rearing and the belief that it was a female task, this mothering gave common women authority that would otherwise be less accessible to them. This article thus argues that women understood the wider significance of this labour and used the influence it offered them to their advantage in their petitions. More broadly, then, this article provides a re-examination of the relationship between women, the poor law and authority in early modern England.

Metodologi Kontekstual dalam Tafsir Ayat Hukum: Studi Literatur atas Tafsir Klasik dan Kontemporer

The interpretation of legal verses in the Qur'an undergoes significant methodological dynamics between classical and contemporary mufassirs, which raises issues of relevance and adaptability in the modern social context. This study aims to explore and compare contextual methodologies in the interpretation of legal verses between classical and contemporary periods. The method used is a literature study with a comparative analysis approach to classical interpretations such as Al-Tabari, Al-Qurtubi, and Ibn Kathir and contemporary interpretations such as Quraish Shihab and Abdullah Saeed. The results show that contemporary mufassirs more often use a contextual approach that considers current social and cultural dynamics, while classical mufassirs tend to use a literal textual approach. The findings support the hypothesis that contextual methodology is more relevant and adaptive to social change compared to classical textual methods. This research produces the "Contextual-Textual Tafsir Integration Theory" (CTIT) which offers a synthesis between textual and contextual approaches. The implication of this study is the need for integration between textual and contextual approaches to develop a more holistic and responsive tafsir methodology, which not only maintains the classical intellectual heritage but also meets the needs of modern society.

A Study on Recycling and Remodeling of Old Things by College Students

With the development of modern society, the demand for college students’ goods is increasing, and the replacement of goods is also accelerating gradually. This situation has led to a common dilemma of how to handle old items with sentimental value that cannot be preserved. Therefore, recycling, remodeling, and preservation of these old items become the central theme of this study. The paper describes the recycling of old objects, categorizing them by their uses, shapes, and materials, and designing trendy toys that match the original properties of the original items. The paper also talks about actively developing and utilizing the waste resources in life.

Friend2User : A new CNN based method for user network and content embedding

Nowadays, social networks have become an integral part of modern society, significantly influencing individuals worldwide due to their extensive reach. Consequently, analyzing the data disseminated within these networks in order to identify online communities presents a major challenge for researchers in the data mining field. To address this challenge, we propose, in this paper, a novel deep user embedding framework for community extraction on social networks. Our method leverages the capability of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to produce abstract representations of users that preserve the semantic information in the data. Specifically, our approach considers both the profile content and the network structure, harnessing the power of unsupervised CNNs. The key concept underlying our proposal is that each user is represented not only by their own content but also by the content of their close friends. We employ a recursive CNN to integrate neighboring users’ content, thereby generating concise and informative user embeddings. The empirical findings obtained by our method demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed user embeddings in efficiently detecting communities within social networks, particularly in the context of cybersecurity.

The interaction of spheres of public life in traditional and modern societies (using the example of the political sphere dominance)

The interaction of spheres of public life in traditional and modern societies (using the example of the political sphere dominance)

Research on Protective Effect of Lead Buffer Device under Explosion Load

In modern society, the frequency of explosion accidents is gradually increasing, which brings a great threat to the safety of people's lives and property and social stability. Explosive loads are extremely destructive, with huge energy and powerful impact force released in an instant, capable of causing serious damage to buildings and infrastructure. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study explosion protection measures in depth and improve the damage resistance of buildings and infrastructure under explosion loads. The traditional underground dispersed layer can reduce the impact of blast load on the structure to a certain extent, but with the continuous improvement of protection requirements, its limitations are gradually revealed. For example, the protection of underground dispersed layers may be less than ideal in some complex explosion situations, and their performance is susceptible to environmental factors such as salinity, consolidation, precipitation and ice, resulting in reduced protection effectiveness. In order to find a more effective solution for explosion protection, the idea of replacing the underground dispersion layer with lead dampers was proposed. As a new type of protective device, lead damper has unique advantages. Lead has good plastic deformation ability, and can absorb a large amount of energy through its own deformation under the action of explosion load, so as to effectively reduce the impact of explosion on the structure. In addition, lead dampers can be customized to meet specific engineering needs, allowing them to better adapt to different explosion scenarios and structural types. The purpose of this study is to further investigate the protective effect of lead dampers instead of underground dispersed layers under blast loads. Through a combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental research, the performance of the lead damper is comprehensively evaluated, and its response mechanism under blast load is analyzed, as well as the advantages and disadvantages compared with the underground dispersed layer. At the same time, the influence of the design parameters of the lead damper on the protection effect will be studied, so as to provide scientific basis and guidance for its application in practical engineering. Through this study, it is expected to provide a new and more effective means of protection for explosion protection engineering, and improve the safety and reliability of buildings and infrastructure under explosion loads. This will not only help reduce the losses caused by explosion accidents and ensure the safety of people's lives and property, but also contribute to the stability and sustainable development of society.

Экософский взгляд на общество риска и возможности медицины в снижении рисковых последствий

The relevance of the topic is due to the formulation of issues related to the state of modern social reality, the presence of risk in it as one of the essential characteristics. Abandoning the past mechanism of development – tradition as a stable foundation, modern society has acquired the specificity of the absence of a non-stop movement – a transition that does not correlate with the movement from one stage to another, more stable, but represents the continuity of the process. This is a fundamentally new ontology of reality, in which the constancy of its movement, instability create a situation where, as U. Beck says, in the rapidity of change, there is a “collapse of scientific, technical and legal rationality” [3, p. 167], traditionally used as a method of organizing public order. The article updates the Platonic category of metaxy (“Timaeus”) as a characteristic of the dynamics of being, its constant ‘intermediacy’ between the ‘past’ and the ‘future’ while eliminating the stable ‘present’. Modern social reality is a meta-reality, a transition in its infi nity of realization, the consequence of which is the risk and fear of falling into the abyss of baselessness. Risk is a specific characteristic of a social movement in the continuity of transition, when the stability of the present is lost, and the horizon of the future is not visible in traditional logic, which causes existential fear that constantly accompanies a person. ‘Risk Society’ (U. Beck) demanded a new rational ‘arrangement’ (A. Giddens) and a relevant methodology for its construction. The article is devoted to the problem of searching for this methodology. As such, the rationality of the emerging new trend in philosophy – ecosophy – is proposed, which actualizes a holistic view of the world, building on the category of ‘life’ in the unity of its manifestations in nature and culture. The problem is solved by contradiction: on the one hand, the risk is associated with the growth of science, which has historically had a humanistic connotation, on the other hand, its embodiments, being realized today in high technologies, turned out to be turning against man. Contradiction initiates risk. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the rationality of the ecosophical content as a methodology for the study of modern risky social ontology caused by scientific technologies, to argue their impact on human health and to show the possibilities of medicine in solving this problem.

Validation of the Mediating Effect of Parenting Stress in the Relationship between Work-Family Strains and Gains and Marital Satisfaction for Fathers in Korea.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between Korean fathers' work-family strains and gains and marital satisfaction and to validate the mediating effect of parenting stress in the relationship. This study used the 14th-year survey data of the Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC) conducted by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education (KICCE), the latest available data. The PSKC is a longitudinal study of children's growth and development from birth in the Republic of Korea. After excluding datasets containing missing values from the data collected from 2150 respondents, the data were extracted from the survey responses collected from 1130 respondents, and descriptive statistical analysis, path analysis, and mediating effect analysis were conducted. First, Korean fathers' work-family strains had a positive (+) influence on parenting stress (β = 0.658, p < 0.001). Second, Korean fathers' work-family strains had a negative (-) influence on marital satisfaction (β = -0.185, p < 0.001). Third, Korean fathers' work-family gains did not have a statistically significant influence on parenting stress (β = 0.016, p = 0.632). Fourth, Korean fathers' work-family gains had a positive (+) influence on marital satisfaction (β = 0.381, p < 0.001). Fifth, Korean fathers' parenting stress did not have a statistically significant influence on marital satisfaction (β = 0.011, p = 0.783). Sixth, the indirect effect of work-family strains on marital satisfaction via parenting stress (β = 0.013, 95% Bias-corrected CI = -0.042∼0.075) was statistically significant, and specifically, it had a partial mediating effect. Seventh, the indirect effect of work-family gains on marital satisfaction via parenting stress (β = 0.028, 95% Bias-corrected CI = 0.005∼0.051) was statistically significant, and specifically, it had a partial mediating effect. This study aims to provide the basic data for various family support policies for fathers by understanding the current status of work-family balance for fathers in modern society, as well as by examining the effects of parenting stress in the relationship with marital satisfaction.

Research on Li Dazhao's Philosophical Thought and Its Contemporary Value

The process of China's modernization is consistent with the process of Marxism's Chineseization, and nowadays, both the practical path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the Chineseization of Marxism are facing a lot of new challenges and tasks, so it is crucial to study in depth and re-examine the excellent theories on the development of the Chineseization of Marxist philosophy. Li Dazhao's philosophical thought was formed in the process of dramatic transformation of modern Chinese society, and was one of the early Marxist theoretical achievements. An in-depth study of Li Dazhao's philosophical thought is of great significance for us to deepen our understanding of the transition from traditional Chinese philosophy to modern philosophy, to promote the in-depth development of the theory of the Chineseization of Marxist philosophy, and to help young people to establish a scientific outlook on life and hold fast to the people-centered value goal.

SOCIOLIZATION: THE ROLE OF CHILDHOOD IN THE FORMATION OF LIFE HUMAN STRATEGIES

In the article the role of childhood as a starting point in the formation and implementation of life strategy, the formation of human destiny are analyzed. The importance of the family as a value in modern societies is revealed. The main components and trends of the sociodynamics of the population of Belarus are considered.

THE HISTORY OF SOCIOLOGY: MARXISM AND POPULISM

The article examines the main provisions of Marxism and populism, their impact on the development of Russian public thought and practice, and also provides a critical analysis of their applicability in modern society. The analysis of these two approaches makes it possible to better understand the different ways of understanding social changes and their impact on the formation of political and economic models. The article shows that the historical perspective of the study of Marxism and populism makes it possible to understand the basic principles and ideas underlying each of these areas of public thought in Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and analyze their impact on society. The historical context in which these ideologies arose is also investigated, and their development in subsequent years is considered.

Classification of Electronic Waste Components through X-ray and Neutron-Based Imaging Techniques.

In modern society, the amount of e-waste is growing year by year. Waste electronic items are complex, highly heterogeneous systems, containing organic material as well as several exotic, valuable, toxic, mostly metallic elements. In this study, the potential of X-ray and neutron radiography to reveal the inner structure of various complex e-waste was investigated. The images obtained using the two techniques were evaluated together to investigate the possibility of a more efficient segmentation of the individual components. The advantages and limitations of the two methods were identified for the studied waste types. X-ray radiography was found to be preferable for the identification of small metallic parts and for revealing the internal structure of e-waste with thick plastic coatings. Neutron radiography allowed for the identification of several components that did not provide sufficient contrast with X-ray imaging due to their similar X-ray attenuation compared to their surroundings. The combination of the two methods opens up new opportunities and could provide much more effective segmentation than either method alone.

Звільнення від кримінальної відповідальності за кримінальним процесуальним правом

This research article discusses problem of crime in contemporary Ukrainian society and ways to address it through the application of alternative responses to criminal offenses, particularly exemption from criminal liability, are considered. The mechanisms and practical aspects of applying this institution in Ukrainian criminal procedural law are analyzed. This article pays special attention to the role of various subjects of the criminal process, such as the court, the prosecutor, the victim and the suspect, in making a decision on exemption from criminal liability. Contemporary trends in improving legislation and the practice of applying alternative forms of response to crime are highlighted, aiming to ensure a more effective and humane judiciary and legal system. In today’s Ukrainian society, the problem of crime remains one of the most pressing and acute. Despite constant changes in society, development of the legal system and improvement of criminal procedure, crime continues to accompany the existence and development of humanity. Crime is one of the most pressing problems for every individual and for modern society as a whole. The problem of effective prevention of this phenomenon is the subject of constant attention of legislators and social and political activities, which requires constant improvement and coordination. Criminal liability is one of the tools to combat crime. However, in connection with the humanization and reform of the legal system, the issue of alternative forms of response to criminal offenses, in particular, exemption from criminal liability, is relevant. Thus, there is a need to study the mechanisms and practical aspects of application of this institution in Ukrainian criminal procedure law.

Digital Skills of Medical Workers as a Staffing Priority in a Healthcare System

Introduction. Digital transformation is now integrated into all aspects of modern society around the world, including healthcare. Medical professionals actively use digital services and recommend various wearable devices to patients. The spread of digital technologies requires an appropriate level of digital literacy, which is one of the basic aspects of the professional skills of medical professionals.The purpose of the article was to study theoretical approaches to determining the concept of digital liter-acy skills of medical professionals based on an analysis of scientific literature.Materials and methods. In this paper, the method of content analysis of scientific publications on the dig-ital literacy of medical professionals was used. The authors studied and analyzed articles published in the PubMed database for the period from 2018 to 2023. The study was based on the definition of “digital literacy of medical workers” as a theoretical construct and object of study in the context of assessing the level of education in applied research.Results. There is a lack of broad research on the self-assessment of digital skills in different groups of med-ical professionals. It is necessary to obtain broader data on the digital literacy of medical workers in different countries and regions. Places with lower levels of digital literacy require more research in order to better understand the needs for knowledge, skills, and abilities among medical workers.