Modern Russian Language Research Articles

Multi-aspect of the use of diminutives in the texts of art works

"Derivatives in the modern Russian language fulfill a certain functional and stylistic role and, as a rule, express emotional, expressive and evaluative meaning. Appellatives with diminutive formants in works of art are the means of characterizing a character and a message about the emotional state of the characters. This article examines the multifaceted nature of the use of diminutive formants in the texts of works of art. Works of fiction involve the search for a variety of means of expression and depiction. This leads to the creation of different stylistic contexts necessary to convey a particular idea of ​​the author. The multidimensional use of diminutives in literary texts is a vivid means of expression. The use of evaluative words is associated with certain types of contexts, the expressiveness of derivatives appears in the communicative act. A different type of assessment is conveyed by a different tonal coloring intonation or context. "

Lexical And Grammatical Features Of The Compilation Of The RCT Textbook (Russian As A Foreign Language)

The article considers the system of principles for creating a modern textbook for adults as a basic linguodidactic tool in teaching Russian to foreigners at an advanced stage of training, with the focus of the educational process on the formation of intercultural competence. Russian language textbook for foreigners contains topics and situations of reality that are relevant to Russian linguoculture in their verbal embodiment in texts of different genres and styles of the modern Russian language. The author demonstrates that with a cognitive-communicative approach, the discursive base of the textbook on the Russian language for foreigners contains relevant topics and situations of reality in their verbal embodiment in texts of different genres and styles of the modern Russian language.; the linguistic concept of the textbook is based on the achievements of theoretical Russian studies; the methodological interpretation of the educational material reflects the understanding of the experience of teaching Russian to foreigners. The textbook serves as a basis for creative use both by the teacher in the educational process and by the students in their independent work, which plays a crucial role in learning. The author emphasizes the importance of the modern textbook as a means of improving the professional competence of the teacher. The author notes that the textbook takes into account the specifics of the forms and norms of modern communication, including the use of information and communication technologies. The textbook is based on clearly defined goals based on the internal motivation of students, focuses on the development and improvement of their communication skills with the active cooperation of the teacher and the student.

The dynamics of the spelling standards of the modern Russian language and the educational process

This article studies two aspects of the changing orthographical norms of the contemporary Russian language: the linguistic one, which shows how the dynamics of the usual and codified orthographical norms are manifested, and the methodical one — how teaching methods should reflect the living language processes. The author proposes four directions for improving the content of the school course of the Russian language, conditioned by the changes in the codified norms: 1) expanding the studied language material with new words with a settled spelling norm and already fixed in the Russian language; 2) clarifying the rules’ formulations and updating the list of exceptions following the academic rules; 3) calculating the recodification, inevitable for the living language; 4) improving the lexicographical literacy, in particular, the knowledge of academic orthographical dictionaries. The author concludes that the method of teaching spelling in schools should rely on recognizing the school education as a factor in the functioning of the writing system. Teaching writing, if it follows the contemporary codification policy, supports the traditional system of Russian writing; it also contributes both to strengthening the system properties of orthography and to stabilizing the unstable sections of the orthographical system.

Functionality of foreign-language inclusions in Russian-language texts (on the material of modern media)

The subject of this research is the approaches towards studying inclusions as a part of foreign-language technical terminology. This article is dedicated to examination of the problem of functionality of foreign language inclusions of English origin at the current stage of development of the Russian language. The texts from scientific and technical journals, automotive and aviation journals, and other periodicals served as the material for this research. The author considers the questions associated with graphical and functional adaptation of foreign-language terminological lexicon. Based on the available in linguistics classifications, the groups of foreign-language technical inclusions are determined according to the graphic arrangement in the texts and degree of assimilation. The acquired results can be used in compiling terminological dictionaries and teaching general linguistics. The novelty of this work consists in systematization, generalization, and analysis of the ways of functionality of technical foreign-language inclusions in modern Russian language and industry periodicals, namely on the example of aviation and automotive terminology. The conclusion is made that foreign-language technical terminology preserves the semantics of foreign-language inclusions in the recipient language, as well as heterogeneity of their arrangement. The increase of foreign-language inclusions in the scientific and technical literature is substantiated by the requirements specified for the terms: linguistic economy, systematicity. The frequency of functionality of foreign-language inclusions in the scientific and technical literature emphasizes the relevance of the selected topic.

Motivational-imagery component of the meaning of some verbal phraseological units with the abstract substantive ‘thought’ in the modern Russian language

This research is dedicated to the analysis of some verbal phraseological units, in which an object is expressed by the abstract substantive 'thought', from the perspective of motivational-imagery component. The article presents the results of study of the motivational-imagery component in the semantics of a number of verbal phraseological units with the abstract name 'thought', which is based on linguoculturological method developed by V. N. Telia and her supporters and presented in the “Large Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language”. The author explores the phraseological units within the framework of Chinese linguoculture for more determining the characteristics the Russian units. For this analysis, the author filtered out the phraseological units contained in the Russian National Corpus (https://ruscorpora.ru/new/), which include the abstract noun ‘thought’ that performs the function of the object of action, and the verbs “come / reach / run into / lead / point. The following conclusions were formulated: 1) the considered phraseological units reflect the metaphorical understanding of thought as a static object that outside the human body, the move towards which is performed by an individual, especially active is in relation to thought; 2) all phraseological units analyzed in the article demonstrate that thought is described as an intellectual product acquired by a human either through targeted mental activity, or influenced by external circumstances; 3) in general, the phraseological units under review act as a stereotypical representation on thought process of a person under the influence of certain external or internal factors.

Прилагательные с суффиксами -ейш-/-айш- в русском языке: системный статус и функционирование

The paper aims to reveal the systemic-categorial status and functional peculiarities of adjectives with the suffixes -ейш-/-айш- possessing the word-formative meaning “intensity of a feature manifestation”. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the author for the first time analyses adjectives with the suffixes -ейш-/-айш- as a means of the intensity category realization and shows how their semantics (“intensity of a feature manifestation”) correlates with the types of their motivating bases. The findings indicate that in the modern Russian language, the adjectives under study express a degree of a feature manifestation and possess an extensive motivating base.

TURKISH, ARABIC AND MONGOLIAN AS RECOGNIZED «MIGRANT KNOWLEDGE MATERIALS» IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

This article discusses the so-called "recognizable" borrowed words of Turkic, Arabic, Mongolian origin in Russian language. Of particular interest is the etnolinguistic, etimological approach to the analysis of borrowed words in diachrony. The ways of borrowing vocabulary are considered, language signs with you can find out, determine the origin of borrowed words. The behavior of "migratory lexical material" (Turkisms, Arabisms, Mongolizm) in Russian is traced.The reasons for the "recognition" of borrowed vocabulary is the preservation of linguistic features from the source language in the recipient language.Most of the borrowed words of Turkisms, Arabisms, Mongolisms, undergoing changes at different levels of the borrowing language, in different periods, are recognizable.The scientific results of the dissertation contribute to the solution of the problems of the historical lexicology of the Russian language, semasiology and lexicology of the modern Russian language, the theory of borrowing, language contacts, cultural linguistics, ethnolinguistics,etymology.

Mineralogical Code in Russian Color Names

The results of a comprehensive study of color names derived from the names of colored stones in the system of color names of the modern Russian language are presented in the article. The research was conducted in 2018-2020 in two stages using the methods of content analysis and an online psycholinguistic experiment. At the first stage, the state of the semantic group of names of colored stones, potential objects-referents of color names, was assessed by analyzing four different groups of sources: specialized dictionaries of colored stones, dictionaries of color, individual author's dictionaries of color names and explanatory dictionaries of the modern Russian language. At the second stage, the state of the color terms formed from the names of colored stones in the active vocabulary of modern Russian speakers was investigated on the basis of data from an online psycholinguistic experiment, in which 2,457 people aged 16 to 95 took part. The results of a comparative analysis of the lists of colored stones-prototypes of color names in the passive and active dictionaries of the speakers of the modern Russian language are presented. The scope of denotation and the function of color names derived from the names of colored stones are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the derivative productivity of the names of referent objects of the studied class and the frequency of use of individual color names in the responses of Russian speakers with different socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, professional experience).

The dynamics of using thematic group “Religion” in the works of K. G. Paustovsky

The subject of this research is the dynamics of using thematic group “Religion” in the literary works of K. G. Paustovsky. The eight-volume collection of the writer's works served as the material for this research. The goal is to characterize the specificity of functionality of the lexicon with the semantics of religion in the works of K. G. Paustovsky. The article employs the following methods: descriptive-analytical, system description, inductive-hypothetical, contextual analysis and qualitative analysis; observation and interpretation techniques. The practical value of this research lies in the possibility to use its results in the university disciplines, such as “Philological Analysis of the Text”, “Modern Russian Language”, “History of the Russian Literary “Language”, and “Stylistics”. The scientific novelty consists in studying the lexicon of the thematic group “Religion” in the works of K. G. Paustovsky in the dynamic aspect (the author offers the methodology of three-stage analysis). It is determined that the linguistic unit pertaining to “Religion” in the works of K. G. Paustovsky indicate a significant dynamics of their application relate to a particular period of his creative path, functions of a literary work,  levels of artistic usage, division of nominations into subgroups and micro-groups. All of the aforementioned characteristics are interrelated. The presented material will be valuable in the Paustovsky’s studies, theory of poetic speech, functional-semantic research.

СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ТИПЫ КАУЗАТИВНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ В ТЕКСТАХ ХАКАССКИХ ГЕРОИЧЕСКИХ СКАЗАНИЙ

Рассматриваются семантические типы каузативных глаголов хакасского языка, нашедшие отражение в текстах хакасских героических сказаний «Алтын Арыг» и «Ах Чибек Арыг», записанных от популярного народного сказителя Хакасии С. П. Кадышева (1885–1977), «Ай Хуучын» и «Айдолай», записанных от сказителя П. В. Курбижекова (1910–1966), «Хара Хусхун», записанного от сказителя П. В. Тоданова. Актуальность данного исследования связана с тем, что каузативные глаголы активны в употреблении и представляют большой интерес для исследователей-лингвистов. Необходимость изучения семантических типов каузативных глаголов в текстах хакасских героических сказаний вызвана неразработанностью данного вопроса на сегодняшний день, чем и определяется новизна исследования. Целью статьи является выявление семантики и функционирования каузативных глаголов в текстах хакасских героических сказаний. В задачи исследования входит выявление всех каузативных глаголов, встречающихся в текстах героических сказаний; определение и анализ каузативных аффиксов, участвующих в образовании каузативных глаголов; выявление словообразовательных моделей каузативных глаголов, представленных в текстах героических сказаний. Анализ фактического материала проводился с использованием комплекса лингвистических методов и приемов. Наиболее перспективным при решении поставленных задач были признаны метод сплошной выборки примеров, предусматривающий подбор примеров для анализа и выписывание из текстов героических сказаний подряд всех встречающихся в нём примеров анализируемого типа, описательный метод для выявления каузативных глаголов и их последовательного описания с точки зрения их структуры и функционирования. Метод дистрибутивного анализа позволил выявить валентность каузативного глагола. В результате исследования выявлены и проанализированы семантические типы каузативных глаголов, а именно, фактитивный, пермиссивный и фактитивно-рефлексивный, пермиссивно-рефлексивный типы; определены актуальные для языка героического эпоса словообразовательные модели каузативных глаголов. Для глаголов с фактитивной семантикой выявлено пять словообразовательных моделей; для пермиссивной – три модели; фактитивно-рефлексивный и пермиссивно-рефлексивный по одной модели. Исследование также показало, что в текстах хакасских героических сказаний часто используется двойной каузатив, который выражает как фактитивное, так и пермиссивное значение. Полученные результаты могут найти применение при чтении лекционных курсов по хакасскому языку на филологических факультетах вузов, при составлении учебных и учебно-методических пособий, словарей. В перспективе интересные результаты могут дать исследования каузативных конструкций, характерных для текстов героических сказаний, в сопоставительном и сравнительно-типологическом освещении.

КЛАССИФИКАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ГРУППЫ АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНЫХ ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЙ СЕМАНТИЧЕСКОГО ПОЛЯ «КРАСОТА» НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ РОССИЙСКИХ ГЛЯНЦЕВЫХ ЖЕНСКИХ ЖУРНАЛОВ

An enormous flow of foreign lexical units into the Russian language is caused by a number of extra-linguistic and intra-linguistic reasons. The whole experience of foreign advertising is borrowed and in particular the technique of creation of advertising messages, which has led to the use of English borrowings in Russian. The purpose of the article is to describe and classify thematic groups of English borrowings of the semantic field “beauty”, based on the material of Russian glossy female magazines. Classification thematic groups of English borrowings of the semantic field “beauty” in Russian glossy female magazines are widely spread and relevant, which devoted to beauty, care, makeup types and vocabulary related to the beauty industry. English borrowings presented in these groups are the most common and well-known, since the beauty industry occupies a significant place in the world. Editors of glossy magazines, authors of articles and advertising messages resort to using a huge number of Anglicisms in order to interest the reader with novelty, expression, thereby increasing the sales of magazines and accordingly advertised goods, the demand for appropriate services in the beauty industry. Such a universal interest in beauty in all its manifestations predetermined the folding of the metalanguage as a system of signs and certain discursive resources. A relevant feature of the modern Russian language and metalanguage of the beauty industry is the use of English borrowings, which are typical of this sphere, in all studied glossy publications. Based on the list of given examples and classification, we can confidently say that English borrowings are firmly entered in the living space of the advertising text. The reasons for the extralinguistic and intra-linguistic nature played a significant role in expanding the lexical-semantic system of the Russian language.

The preposition of Comparasion vrode in various types of discourse in the modern Russian language: history, morphological status, functioning

The study raises the issue of the preposition of comparasion vrode functioning in various types of discourse in the modern Russian language. The goal was to identify various ways of introducing a unit into a text, both separately and in combination with other linguistic units, and expanding the possibilities of its use in different discourses. The research was carried out on a representative selection of language material with the employment of the resources of the Russian National Corpus. The preposition vrode, actively used by a native speaker, who with its help makes the comparison more convincing, creates an atmosphere of intimate conversation. The comparative preposition vrode is used in various discourses: colloquial discourse, media discourse, fiction discourse, popular science discourse, etc. The colloquial coloring of the preposition determines its wide use in the fictional discourse, if the author needs to depict the direct communication of the characters or convey his attitude to the described subject, character. Also considered are language units derived from a preposition vrode – phraseological combinations nechto vrode, chto-to vrode, kto-to vrode, comparative conjunctions vrode kak and vrode togo kak. It is noted that the semantics of constructions with the preposition vrode in Russian is influenced by the modal particle homonymous to it, but the comparative meaning of the given linguistic unit in most cases prevails over the modal one and combined with it. The author concludes that the preposition vrode is important in the system of operators, which express comparative semantics in various types of discourse of the modern Russian language.

SOCIOLINGUISTIC POTENTIAL OF POLYPREDICATIVE SYNTAXIC CONSTRUCTIONS AND THE PROBLEMS OF ITS STUDY

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the sociolinguistic potential of polypredicative syntactic constructions, defining the principles of analysis of multi-term complex sentences and complex sentences of a complicated type, describing the position of choosing the social roles considered in the work and justifying the inclusion of the interpersonal role “narrator” in the concept of social role in a literary text. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the need to study the syntax of the modern Russian language in the sociolinguistic aspect, since at present the sociolinguistic approach is applied only to phonetics, vocabulary, phraseology. We have not identified significant studies related to the analysis of the syntactic structure of the Russian language, and in particular, polypredicative syntactic constructions presented in the sociolinguistic aspect. Therefore, it seems to us interesting to consider this problem.

Суффиксальная вариативность русского глагола (по данным НКРЯ)

This article is devoted to the analysis of the suffixes variability of the Russian verb on the example of prefixed imperfective verbs. The empirical material was based on the Russian National Corpus. The use of the corpus analysis method made it possible to distinguish all prefixed verbs with variable suffixes: -ыва-/-ива- and а-/-я- (e.g. замеривать – замерять, заготавливать – заготовлять ). The results of the study showed that the formation of verbs with suffixes variability determine many problems of the modern Russian language – from phonetics (e.g. взрезать – взрезать – взрезывать), and lexical semantics, to stylistic and aspectual semantics.

«ИИ-композиты» как объект неологии и неографии XXI века

The article analyzes the contents and reflects the growth dynamics of a representative group which comprises compound neologisms with the first component stem II (ИИ) (a Russian abbreviation for “artificial intelligence”). It is the process of language integration that plays a significant role in the formation of compound nouns with the first component stem II: the currently widespread functioning of the above-mentioned pattern as well as of similar patterns results from the impact the analytism makes upon the vocabulary and grammar of the Russian language. The research based on the analysis of the data contained in the Russian National Corpus and the “Integrum” mass media database has proved that the component stem II belongs to the most productive formants in the Russian language of the 2010s. The article displays the main tendencies in the formation of lexical paradigms of the “II-compounds” in the modern Russian language. Of special significance in a quantitative sense is the hypernym-hyponym composition of nouns containing a seme “the ability to perform the functions which have traditionally been considered a human’s prerogative”: II-advokat (artificial intelligence (AI) barrister), II-dermatolog (artificial intelligence dermatologist), II-sekretar’ (artificial intelligence secretary), II-yurist (artificial intelligence lawyer). The article also mentions the process of discourse transition of scientific terms with the first component stem II into the modern newspaper and magazine publicism. On the basis of the expert sampling analysis a conclusion is drawn in the article about the heterogeneity of the formant II and the principles of its lexicographic description are outlined which are going to be represented in the publication of annual neological dictionaries “Lexical innovations in the Russian language” recommenced at the department of Modern Russian Lexicography at the Institute for Linguistic Studies of the RAS.

On Adjectival Attributives Blood, Direct, Peaceful as Components of Archaic Nominations of Friends

The article discusses the changes in collocability of the word friend over time. It notes that the works by A.S. Pushkin contain the forms, unexpected for the perception of the native speakers of the modern Russian language: blood friends, direct friend, peaceful friends. The analysis of the specified attributive combinations is carried out applying definitional, contextual, linguocultural analysis methods. The text material from the National Corpus of the Russian language is used. It is proved that the expression "blood friends" could denote "people connected by strong friendship" and "people of the same class". Physical kinship criterion has been proved to serve as a basis for cognitive understanding of spiritual intimacy and social class identification. However, the connection between primary and secondary semantics is not so direct here; it is mediated by the cultural layer – the custom of twinning, a form of artificial relationship noted among many peoples. Most examples of the usage of the phrase "direct friend" mean 'express your opinion to someone honestly, directly'. The expression "peaceful friends" is interpreted as based on a doubling of the meaning 'in a relationship of agreement'. The research results can be used in compiling dictionaries of the Russian language, and also in teaching linguistic disciplines.

Сопоставительное исследование концепта ГЕРОЙ в русском и французском языках

The paper aims to identify specificity of the HERO concept representation in the modern Russian and French languages. The research objectives are as follows: to provide a comparative analysis of the linguistic means creating a national hero image as a component of national and cultural identity, to examine the changes the HERO concept undergoes in the epoch of neo-liberal globalization. The problem of the HERO concept representation is analysed in terms of open cultural environment, the researcher for the first time identifies peculiarities of the HERO concept representation in the Russian and French teenagers’ linguistic consciousness, which constitutes scientific originality of the study. The analysis of factual material of the Russian and French languages allows concluding about radical reinterpretation of the HERO concept in teenagers’ linguistic, spiritual and moral consciousness, discreditation of the “heroism” notion. These tendencies manifest themselves in the youth language.

Классификация текстовых единиц с семантикой обращений в системе русского языка

We consider the main qualification features of text units with the semantics of reference to participants in the communicative Russian speech space, taking into account lexical and gram-matical ways of expression. This allows us to determine their differential features and classifica-tion types, reflecting the dynamics in the formation of references in the system of the modern Russian language. We pay special attention to references of different forms, which not only represent the speaker’s attitude to the object of speech, characterize it, but also enhance imagery and emotionality, give us an idea of the author as a linguistic person. We emphasize that conversion should be considered a linguistic universal. It serves the organization and regulation of communication relations. The choice of a particular form of reference reflects the attitude towards the interlocutor, conditioned by a variety of factors. That is why conversion is a socially important component of dialogical speech. We determine the main parameters of the semantic, grammatical and functional features of references based on the materials of linguistic research, as well as the prospects for scientific research in this direction. A survey is conducted on the use of certain forms of references strangers among students of the Derzhavin Tambov State University. Questions related to their perception of the most frequent references in the modern Russian language are proposed. We establish that in modern Russian there is a problem when references a stranger.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОККАЗИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЗАМЕН ВО ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЕДИНИЦАХ С КОМПОНЕНТАМИ-КОЛОРАТИВАМИ

The article is devoted to occasional transformations of phraseological units in the modern Russian language. The relevance of the study is based on the attention of scientists to the problems of variability of language units in speech. The novelty of the study is based on insufficient knowledge about transformation capacity of idioms from various thematic, phraseological and semantic groups and fields. One of the groups unites idioms with the colour-component featuring semantic peculiarities, which determine specific transforming processes. The article studies transformations of phraseological units with the component white by means of substituting the component white by occasional components. Analyzing phraseological semantics, the author regards specific features of the colour-adjective both as a phraseological component and a free lexical unit. It is important to mention that color-words may function as a symbol. The article deals with idioms where a colour-component either represents meaningful semantic elements or conveys a symbolic meaning, or it is excluded from phraseological semantics. To define transformation peculiarities of idioms, the author analyzes component substitutions based on paradigmatic connections among colour-words and on their asystemic connections. The results of the research demonstrate dependence of transformation capacity on the degree acolour-component is involved in forming a phraseological meaning: the less a component participates in forming a phraseological meaning, the more possibilities for transformations are presented in speech and, thus, the higher transformation capacity is.

СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЙ СИНКРЕТИЗМ ПЕРВИЧНЫХ АКТОВ НОМИНАЦИИ "УСПЕХА" В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

The article is aimed at identifying the group of images underlying the primary nominative acts of “success” in the Russian language. In the process of studying the language material excerpted from the dictionaries of Church Slavonic, old and modern Russian language, methods of definition, contextual, semantic-grammatical and cognitive-interpretative analysis were applied. It is established that the evolution of the verb сп ѣ ти proceeded in the direction from syncretism of the basic prototypical images (maturation, movement, readiness, help) to the formation of discrete meanings and the development of independent lexical units. The work contributes to the theory of semantic syncretism and fills in gaps in the field of cognitive comprehension of the culture-specific verbalization features on the image of success in the Russian language.