Modern Production Research Articles

The Importance of Salicylic Acid, Humic Acid and Fulvic Acid on Crop Production

Abstract: Biostimulants are one of the most important substancesfor improving productivity, growth and yield of plants as well as heavy metal detoxification, and stimulating natural toxins, controlling pests and diseases and boosting both water and nutrient efficiency. Google Scholar, Science Direct, CAB Direct, Springer Link, Scopus, Web of Science, Taylor and Francis, and Wiley Online Library have been checked. The search was done to all manuscript sections according to the terms "Salicylic acid," "Humic acid," "Fulvic acid," "Biostimulants" and "Plant growth promotion." On the basis of the initial check, Titles and Abstracts were screened on the basis of online literature, and then articles were read carefully. Salicylic acid may have important roles in abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, cold, heavy metal and heat stresses, and it has been considered an important environmentally-sound agent with tremendous economical benefits and rapid responses. The positive effects of the application of salicylic acid have been reported in crops such as ajwain, alfalfa, anthurium, artemisia, artichoke, barley, bean, black mustard, broad bean, chickpea, chicory, canola, coriander, corn, cotton, cucumber, cumin, fennel, fenugreek, goji, longan, milk thistle, millet, onion, pea, pepper, pistachio, radish, rice, rosemary, rye, safflower, saffron, savory, sorghum, soybean, spinach, strawberry, sugar beet, tomato, wheat, etc. Humic acid can improve and stimulate plant growth and yield, suppress diseases and promote more resistance to stresses. Fulvic acid can increase root system and promote seed germination, growth rate and final yield. The present manuscript highlights the most important impacts of salicylic acid, humic acid, and fulvic acid ,emphasizing their roles in modern sustainable crop production.

Impact of steroid biosynthesis on the aerobic adaptation ofeukaryotes.

Steroids are indispensable components of the eukaryotic cellular membrane and the acquisition of steroid biosynthesis was a key factor that enabled the evolution of eukaryotes. The polycyclic carbon structures of steroids can be preserved in sedimentary rocks as chemical fossils for billions of years and thus provide invaluable clues to trace eukaryotic evolution from the distant past. Steroid biosynthesis consists of (1) the production of protosteroids and (2) the subsequent modifications toward "modern-type" steroids such as cholesterol and stigmasterol. While protosteroid biosynthesis requires only two genes for the cyclization of squalene, complete modification of protosteroids involves ~10 additional genes. Eukaryotes universally possess at least some of those additional genes and thus produce modern-type steroids as major final products. The geological biomarker records suggest a prolonged period of solely protosteroid production in the mid-Proterozoic before the advent of modern-type steroids in the Neoproterozoic. It has been proposed that mid-Proterozoic protosteroids were produced by hypothetical stem-group eukaryotes that presumably possessed genes only for protosteroid production, even though in modern environments protosteroid production as a final product is found exclusively in bacteria. The host identity of mid-Proterozoic steroid producers is crucial for understanding the early evolution of eukaryotes. In this perspective, we discuss how geological biomarker data and genetic data complement each other and potentially provide a more coherent scenario for the evolution of steroids and associated early eukaryotes. We further discuss the potential impacts that steroids had on the evolution of aerobic metabolism in eukaryotes, which may have been an important factor for the eventual ecological dominance of eukaryotes in many modern environments.

The Role of Cepagan Village Weaving in the Development of the Creative Economy in Warungasem District

This study examines the role of Cepagan Village weaving in the development of the creative economy in Warungasem District, Batang Regency, Central Java. Using a qualitative approach and case study design, this study explores the economic and social contributions of the weaving industry, the challenges faced, and development strategies in the context of the creative economy. The results of the study show that Cepagan weaving plays an important role in cultural heritage preservation, product innovation, and cross-sector collaboration. This industry has a significant impact on job creation, increasing regional income, and economic multiplier effects. However, challenges such as competition with modern products, regeneration of artisans, and limited market access need to be overcome. Development opportunities through digitalization, ecotourism, and collaboration with the fashion industry open up new prospects for the sustainability of the weaving industry. This research provides valuable insights into the integration of traditional crafts into the modern creative economy and can be a reference for the development of local wisdom-based community empowerment policies and programs.

STRUGGLING METAL CRAFTS PRACTICE IN DARJEELING AND KALIMPONG DISTRICT OF WEST BENGAL

In the scenario of emerging Indian economy, Crafts-this unorganized sector become very important owing to its large number of employment generation potentiality and significant contribution towards export business. In the scenario of Darjeeling and Kalimpong district, this Sub Himalayan region is the home of many metal crafts artisans who are struggling because of gradual increasing pressure of modern machine-made products which decoy and changing metal crafts ecology are made this exquisite master pieces vulnerable. Metal crafts artisans were the main source to fulfill the demand of rural economy in these two districts but now the product is rarely present in the market. Changing consumer interest, low cost machine made and foreign products, lack of innovation towards new design trends, lack of awareness of market and support this heritage practice standing at its critical end. This study delves into metal crafts artisans called themselves Vishwakarma in Darjeeling and Kalimpong district, their present condition, crafts products, production procedure, scope of survival and farther development through the qualitative study using survey questioner and interview of artisans and other stakeholders. Findings from the data of 114 respondents from artist/producer, Retailers, Important Officials persons are exhibited, the identified issues and development areas toward future growth and survival of this crafts such as, upgradation of tools and technology, intervention initiatives and supports, welfare and marketing support, entrepreneurship and branding have been discussed. Data were collected from Darjeeling Palbazar Block, Jorbanglo Sukhia Block, Kurseong Block, Kalingpong 1.

Embedding-based retrieval: measures of threshold recall and precision to evaluate product search

Modern product retrieval systems are becoming increasingly complex due to the use of extra product representations, such as user behavior, language semantics and product images. However, adding new information and complicating machine learning models does not necessarily lead to an improvement in online and business search performance, since after retrieval the product list is ranked, which introduces its own bias. Nevertheless, the business performance of a product search will be worse from ranking an incomplete list of products than a complete one, and the relevance of search results will not improve from perfect sorting of products that do not match the search query. Therefore, the main quality indicators for the products retrieval phase remain Recall and Precision at the k threshold. This paper compares several architectures of product retrieval systems in product search for e-commerce. To do this, the concepts of threshold Recall and Precision for information retrieval are investigated and the dependence of these measures on the order of issuance is revealed. An automatic procedure has been developed for calculating R@k and P@k, which allows us to compare the effectiveness of information retrieval systems. The proposed automatic procedure has been tested on the WANDS public dataset for several key architectures. The obtained values R@1000 = 84% ± 9% and P@10 = 67% ± 17% are at the level of SOTA models.

Experience and effectiveness of the no-loft linking shape and dimension method using laser optical systems in aircraft production

The object of research is the application of the no-loft linking shapes and dimension method using laser measuring tools to reduce the labor intensity and cycle of mounting work. The study of the accuracy of the geometric parameters of cantilever wing and technological equipment at various stages of production was carried out. The problem is to create a method of using laser optical systems in aircraft production at the stage of mounting of technological equipment to minimize the impact on the accuracy of the dimensions of assembled parts of aggregates. The following results were obtained: the advantages of using the no-loft linking method in the modern production of aviation equipment were analyzed, which makes it possible to reduce the preparation cycle by 2–3 times. A study was conducted on the effective use of the Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) of laser tracker in the manufacture of the cantilever wing (CW) of the AN series airplane at all stages of mounting, as well as on the accuracy inspection of geometric parameters in comparison with the theoretical master geometry (MG). The practical significance of the research is that the proposed method of using laser optical systems during the installation of equipment allows to reduce to a minimum the impact on the accuracy of low rigidity frames. And also, to reduce the equipment deformation due to the mass of the parts of the assembled aggregates and temperature deformations, which allows to ensure a reduction of the mounting error to ±0.1 mm. Also, the application of this technique allows to enter the plane's coordinate system without prior leveling, to mounting and inspection the installation of the wing, fin, stabilizer, engines and landing gear on the fuselage. In general, the application of the no-loft linking shape and dimension method with using laser optical systems in aircraft production allows to reduce the labor intensity and cycle of mounting work up to 10 times.

DECISION-MAKING SUPPORT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FORMATION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AT VEHICLE REPAIR ENTERPRISES

In recent years, the strategy of creating a safely functioning and efficient transport complex of Ukraine integrated into the world transport network has been fixed. Therefore, the creation of a progressive system of product quality management in the conditions of car repair enterprises is considered an urgent scientific and technical task. The quality management system is a management subsystem of an industrial enterprise. Modern production systems are based on TQM principles and widely use ISO 9001 certification. At the same time, certification is based on independent third-party audits (a conformity assessment organization). The wide spread of the standard is based on the fact that it contains generalized requirements (principles) for the organization of product quality control, which can be used at enterprises that differ significantly both in terms of specialization and the scale of production (depots or car repair plants). But this is the «bottleneck» of the standard – the lack of consideration of specialized production conditions makes it impossible to compensate for critical factors affecting the final quality of products. Currently, the accepted approaches to quality assessment do not fully take into account the factors that affect the final quality of products. In order to put all market participants - railway operators, manufacturers, rolling stock repairers and suppliers in mutually beneficial conditions, a single International Railway Industry Standard ISO / TS 22163 International Railway Industry Standart (IRIS) was developed.For the effective use of tools for ensuring the quality of rail car repair, it is considered necessary to use modern management decision support systems. They will allow real-time monitoring of production processes. It is possible to use the method of fuzzy sets to improve the quality management systems of wagon repairs based on the development of separate control algorithms with decision tables. In order to meet the requirements of international quality standards, it is necessary to significantly modernize management approaches based on the creation of progressive decision support systems.

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

The main objective of the article is to study the anthropogenic impact on the state of environmental quality by using ecological and economic indicators to further determining the level of necessary environmental protection actions. A systematic analysis of the indicators that identify the dynamics of changes in environmental quality in the current conditions of transformation of the European economy under the globalisation processes is carried out. It is determined that the sustainability of modern production depends on the efficiency of resource use, which provides economic growth and prevents increased pressure on the environment. It is proved that the rate of carbon dioxide emissions in highly developed countries is constantly decreasing, which is associated with the flexible environmental policy and transformation of the energy sector. It is established that in order to achieve the status of a climate-neutral country, Ukraine needs to use a modern system for monitoring greenhouse gas emissions, optimise the СО2 tax and implement a more intensive decarbonisation policy. When introducing organic farming mechanisms, it is necessary to take into consideration the effect of all exogenous and endogenous factors and the potential benefits of using inorganic fertilisers in the short term. The level of phosphate pollution of rivers in European countries and their influence on water quality are determined, and effective mechanisms for reducing this harmful effect are proposed. The reasons that cause eutrophication of water bodies, the consequences of its influence on the state of water and living organisms are investigated, and the areas of marine areas with eutrophic waters are established. The influence of the energy factor on the state of environmental quality is determined by analysing the indicator of final energy consumption by households per capita in oil equivalent. The efficiency of the European waste management policy is analysed and the level of waste packaging recycling in the Scandinavian countries is determined. The algorithm for calculating the gross value added of the environmental goods and services sector and its place in the GDP structure is identified. It is recommended that Ukraine implement the experience of the EU countries in fundamental approaches to resource conservation and sustainable development.

Pricing the missing intangible capital: Evidence from the China A‐share market

AbstractThis study develops novel proxies for firm‐level intangible capital in China's A‐share market and assesses its pricing implications. We compile intangible capital from relevant expenditure entries detailed in the notes of financial statements and assess them using perpetual inventory methods, accounting for industry‐specific variations. Our findings reveal a significant positive intangible capital premium. Additionally, the intangible capital factor substantially improves the performance of the Fama–French three‐ and five‐factor models, and other widely accepted pricing models. This research contributes to the broader understanding of modern production paradigms that increasingly rely on intangible assets and investigates their valuation implications in financial markets.

НЕЙРОСЕТЕВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННЫХ СИСТЕМАХ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

Modern production needs to increase efficiency and reduce costs, thereby introducing new technolo-gies, including complex nonlinear and ill-formalized processes to be controlled. Therefore, the de-mand for new high solutions. "Demand creates supply," so many of the major suppliers of measuring and control systems offer a wide range of solutions based on artificial intelligence. The paper reveals the concept of one of the core modules of modern automated control systems – virtual sensor, and also describes the solutions developed on this technology. The analysis of the terminology associat-ed with the virtual sensor. The conclusions about the relevance of research and applications in to-day's production decisions based neural network technology

The Effects of Different Combinations of Cattle Organic Soil Amendments and Copper on Lettuce (cv. Rufus) Plant Growth

In modern agricultural production, cattle manure waste recovery is considered as a sustainable approach to agricultural waste management, reducing environmental pollution and chemical fertilizer use. This study aimed to investigate the effects of manure and digestate derived from a pilot-scale livestock waste-recycling system, in combination with a low copper concentration as a fungicide, on the physiological response of lettuce cv Rufus (Lactuca sativa L.) plants and the associated soil microbiome. A five-week microcosm experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under environmental conditions. Lettuce plant performance was assessed in terms of biomass, leaf area index, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll measurements, lipid peroxidation, total phenolic content, and nutrient uptake. The results suggested that incorporating digestate into the potting soil mix significantly enhanced crop yields compared to the control and manure treatments. The soil microbial activity increased in the presence of fertilizers, improving the soil chemical and biological properties. The addition of copper negatively affected the growth and physiological performance of the lettuce plants under both the control and manure-treated conditions, except for those grown in the presence of digestate, where copper accumulation was reduced. These findings highlight the potential of growing horticultural crops using organic fertilization through livestock waste anaerobic digestate, establishing a waste-to-food recycling system.

Beyond Agriculture 4.0: Design and Development of Modern Agricultural Machines and Production Systems

Beyond Agriculture 4.0: Design and Development of Modern Agricultural Machines and Production Systems

Ask or tell: An empirical study on modeling challenges from LabVIEW community

Systems engineering is fundamental to the performance, functionality, and value of modern systems and products. Systems model development and the usage of modeling tools in systems engineering can be complex. Systems engineering is concerned not only with the modeling process but many other aspects of development, such as hardware, data, and modeling tools. Because systems modeling practitioners are versatile and have expertise in specifying, building, maintaining, and supporting technical infrastructure, the modeling practices and challenges vary. We conducted an empirical study from a systems modeler’s perspective to better understand the challenges posed to systems engineers in the LabVIEW community. Our inspection consists of two investigations. First, with the help of machine learning techniques, we mined online discussion forum posts to identify what questions engineers ask regarding modeling challenges. The result shows that the most challenging part is related to coding practice in the development. Inspired by this discovery, we conducted another empirical study. We surveyed systems engineers in the LabVIEW community using an online questionnaire to recognize what system engineers tell regarding coding challenges in their development practice. Our paper also provided some observations and concrete suggestions to both systems engineers and tool developers on how to improve system model quality and facilitate the modeling process when using LabVIEW.

Evaluating the accuracy of one-piece and three-piece 3D-printed indirect bonding transfer trays: An in vitro study.

Recent developments in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and 3D printing have enabled the fabrication of digital indirect bonding (IDB) transfer trays. These modern products require thorough investigation. The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of one-piece and three-piece IDB transfer trays in vitro. An initial dental scan (IDS) of a randomly selected patient with digitally positioned brackets served as the master scan (MS) for designing 16 IDB transfer trays of each type. They were 3D printed and used for bonding 448 brackets to the models. Subsequently, the models were scanned with a TRIOS® 3 Intraoral Scanner (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark), producing actual scans (ASs). The accuracy of bracket positioning was measured digitally on both MSs and ASs. The measurements were compared to the Objective Grading System for dental casts provided by the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO). The 2 types of IDB transfer trays showed comparable accuracy. All linear errors were within the clinically acceptable range, whereas the angular measurements demonstrated significant variability, resulting in clinically unacceptable transfer errors that ranged from 3.3% to 90.3%. The study results cannot be unconditionally extrapolated to other types of IDB transfer trays due to the diversity of their properties and features. The study evaluated the in vitro accuracy of IDB transfer trays. The revealed number of errors may be even higher in vivo due to limitations in visibility, salivary flow, interference from the tongue, and difficulties in achieving a proper fit of the IDB transfer tray to the teeth.

Біологічний захист рослин в Європейському Союзі (на прикладі Німеччини)

The application of ecological plant protection products against diseases, pests, and weeds is relevant for modern science-provided crop production. Much attention is paid to this problem in the European Union, where the use of pesticides is strictly adjusted by the European Food Safety Authority. Great hopes are pinned on biological plant protection products. However, among the thousands of biological products included in the BioPesticide DataBase, only a small number are authorized for use in agriculture. The requirements for the use of biological protectants in organic farming are even more stringent, regulating not only the properties of the product but also the crops in which they can be used. The aim of the work was to present the main requirements for the safety of biopesticides in the EU countries and to give an overview of biopesticides authorized for use in traditional and organic farming using Germany as an example. Methods. Analysis of EU documents on the requirements for registration of active substances in biological products for plant protection, biopesticide databases, and the list of biopesticides approved for use in general and organic farming in Germany. Results. According to the EU requirements for biopesticide safety, registration of biological plant protection products based on bacteria, fungi, and viruses, individual microbial cellular components or metabolites, as well as insect predators, pheromones, and plant-origin substances is allowed. Among the biopesticides with bactericidal and fungicidal effects registered in Germany, the preparations based on microbial antagonizing plant pathogens are prevalent, as well as preparations elaborated on the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans, Trichoderma asperellum, Verticillium albo-atrum, Coniothyrium minitans, bacteria Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and also the preventive drug Cerevisan based on the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The following bioformulations based on Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Cydia pomonella Granulovirus, avermectin antibiotic Abamectine A, herbal products Azadirachtin A and Piretrin, and Maltodextrin are registered as insecticides. A bioformulation based on Bacillus firmus is authorized for use as a nematocide. Conclusions. Registration of biological plant protection products in Germany is carried out in accordance with the EU requirements for the safety of biopesticides. The list includes preparations based on antagonistic microorganisms, predatory microorganisms, microbial metabolites with antibiotic activity, substances for stimulation in plants nonspecific resistance to infectious agents. The fungicidal products are the widest represented. The number of products to control bacterial and nematode infections as well as the bioinsecticides spectrum is very limited. These are the well promising areas for further research and development of biological products.

Mechanical Behavior of 3D-Printed Thickness Gradient Honeycomb Structures.

In order to obtain a lightweight, high-strength, and customizable cellular structure to meet the needs of modern production and life, the mechanical properties of four thickness gradient honeycomb structures were studied. In this paper, four types of honeycomb structure specimens with the same porosity and different Poisson's ratios were designed and manufactured by using SLA 3D-printing technology, including the honeycomb, square honeycomb, quasi-square honeycomb, and re-entrant honeycomb structures. Based on the plane compression mechanical properties and failure mode analysis of these specimens, the thickness gradient is applied to the honeycomb structure, and four structural forms of the thickness gradient honeycomb structure are formed. The experimental results show that the thickness gradient honeycomb structure exhibits better mechanical properties than the honeycomb structure with a uniform cellular wall thickness. In the studied thickness gradient honeycomb structure, the mechanical properties of the whole structure can be significantly improved by increasing the thickness of cell walls at the upper and lower ends of the structure. The wall thickness, arrangement order, shape, and Poisson's ratio of the cell all have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the specimens. These results provide an effective basis for the design and application of cellular structures in the future.

A Review of Orchard Robot Research

In modern agricultural production, orchards, as one of the important agricultural fields, are facing difficulties such as labor shortage, low production efficiency, and rising costs. To cope with these difficulties, orchard robots were introduced as an emerging technology. With the rapid development of robotics, artificial intelligence and machine learning, the application of intelligent robots in the agricultural field is becoming more and more mature. Advances in sensing technology, navigation technology, image recognition and other technologies have provided technical support for the research and application of orchard robots. Through the precise operation of orchard robots, precise management of orchard crops can be realized, including precise fertilization, pest and disease monitoring, directional irrigation, etc., so as to improve the yield and quality of orchards. This increases production efficiency, reduces costs, increases yields, and drives agriculture towards sustainable development. This paper combs the research status of picking robots by combining literature collation and market research, shows the scientific research results of various types of orchard picking robots at home and abroad, makes an in-depth analysis of the existing problems, and discusses the basic system composition of orchard picking robots Existing problems, and propose solutions to the problems found. Orchard picking robot has a huge application space in China, but due to the difficulty of research and development, there are still few economical and practical orchard picking robot products at home and abroad. It is necessary to increase the research and development of intelligent picking robots, integrate multidisciplinary high and new technologies, vigorously carry out innovative research on intelligent picking technology and equipment, improve the precision, portability, and low cost of robots, and promote the early application of orchard picking robots in China.

Inside Production Data Science: Exploring the Main Tasks of Data Scientists in Production Environments

Modern production relies on data-based analytics for the prediction and optimization of production processes. Specialized data scientists perform tasks at companies and research institutions, dealing with real data from actual production environments. The roles of data preprocessing and data quality are crucial in data science, and an active research field deals with methodologies and technologies for this. While anecdotes and generalized surveys indicate preprocessing is the major operational task for data scientists, a detailed view of the subtasks and the domain of production data is missing. In this paper, we present a multi-stage survey on data science tasks in practice in the field of production. Using expert knowledge and insights, we found data preprocessing to be the major part of the tasks of data scientists. In detail, we found that tackling missing values, finding data point meanings, and synchronization of multiple time-series were often the most time-consuming preprocessing tasks.

A Context-Aware Navigation Framework for Ground Robots in Horticultural Environments.

Environmental mapping and robot navigation are the basis for realizing robot automation in modern agricultural production. This study proposes a new autonomous mapping and navigation method for gardening scene robots. First, a new LiDAR slam-based semantic mapping algorithm is proposed to enable the robots to analyze structural information from point cloud images and generate roadmaps from them. Secondly, a general robot navigation framework is proposed to enable the robot to generate the shortest global path according to the road map, and consider the local terrain information to find the optimal local path to achieve safe and efficient trajectory tracking; this method is equipped in apple orchards. The LiDAR was evaluated on a differential drive robotic platform. Experimental results show that this method can effectively process orchard environmental information. Compared with vnf and pointnet++, the semantic information extraction efficiency and time are greatly improved. The map feature extraction time can be reduced to 0.1681 s, and its MIoU is 0.812. The resulting global path planning achieved a 100% success rate, with an average run time of 4ms. At the same time, the local path planning algorithm can effectively generate safe and smooth trajectories to execute the global path, with an average running time of 36 ms.

Modernist Collectivity in Evolution.

At the start of the 20th century, the modernist residential district was designed as the new form for collective living to restructure society around modern productivity. Built in exponential numbers after World War II from 1945 to 1973, modernist residential districts engineered a universal collectivity based on the nuclear family and the minimal for existence. Today, this collectivity is culturally obsolete and physically aged. In the last quarter-century (1995-2020), we have witnessed an unprecedented number of modernist residential district adaptations worldwide. Following the analysis of one hundred case studies, this paper presents six distinct spatial strategies of adaptation: addition, subtraction, diversification, reprogramming, camouflage, and augmentation. Collectively, these strategies reveal how the universal, isotropic, and hegemonic modernist collectivity is splitting in multiple models driven by the specificity of the local sphere while preserving the modernist social capital: their communities.