Modern Procedures Research Articles

ENHANCING THE RESILIENCE OF IOT NETWORKS: STRATEGIES AND MEASURES FOR MITIGATING DDOS ATTACKS

The Internet of Things (IoTs) are emerging and become a vital need in our daily routine. The privacy protection and insecurity of these IoT-based devices face many challenges. Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks in IoT networks become a significant growing challenge that is addressed in this research. The resilience and strategy for IoT devices due to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks assess current security measures by proposing modern procedures to upgrade the strength of IoT frameworks. This article proposes a mechanism that mitigiates the effects of DDoS attacks in IoTs, that cause significant destruction to existing systems. Utilizing secondary data from Kaggle, the machine is trained and tested. Our proposed approach incorporates descriptive statistics, correlations, t-tests, chi-square tests, and regression analyses to supply a systematic understanding of IoT security by critically analyzing the existing variants of numerous DDoS attacks, Security issues in IoTs, and creation of them in Botnets or zombies. Our findings show that the proposed security techniques are viable and detection rates correlate with security viability. The proposed model asses various network threat and cybersecurity arrangements for mitigating DDoS attacks in IoT’s and outperforms the previously implemented Web Application Firewall (WAF), Bot Mitigation, Resource Prioritisation, and Content Delivery Networks (CDNs)based DDoS mitigation techniques by 80.5%, 88%, 86% in terms of effectiveness, T-test, chi test, and correlation.

Thrombus extraction in acute ischemic stroke: three years of experience at the regional vascular center

From a modern perspective, the key to successful treatment of ischemic stroke is early reperfusion with systemic thrombolytic therapy and thrombus extraction. Thrombectomy is the only reliable method of recanalization in patients with thrombosis of a large cerebral artery. Despite the fact that thrombus extraction has proven its effectiveness in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in a number of large randomized trials, there are still issues that have not been fully studied, on which there are controversial opinions among specialists. For instance, there is different information about whether direct thrombectomy or thrombus extraction after systemic thrombolysis is more effective and safer. Moreover, in accordance with modern procedures for providing care to patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders, patients admitted in the «therapeutic window» should receive intravenous thrombolytic therapy even if thrombectomy is planned. Based on the analysis of 164 thrombus extractions in patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the regional vascular center in 2020–2023, the results of direct thrombus extraction and staged reperfusion (systemic thrombolytic therapy + thrombectomy) were compared. It has been found that compared to direct thrombus extraction, staged reperfusion provides more frequent achievement of 2b-3 recanalization (71.83 % and 78.49 %, respectively), accompanied by lower mortality (45 % and 23.66 %, respectively) and more frequent achievement of Rankin 0–2 functional status at the time of discharge (48.72 % and 61.96 %, respectively). The worst results were observed among patients with vascular occlusion in the vertebrobasilar basin, at TICI 0-2a and the age of patients over 80 years.

A Comparative Analysis of Traditional and Modern Approaches to Assessment and Evaluation in Education

For tracking student progress and designing educational programs, assessment and evaluation are critical components of the process. Assessment is data collection to monitor students' development, while evaluation analyzes this data to make informed educational choices. To enhance educational results, practical and effective assessment and evaluation techniques must be applied. These strategies enable instructors to discover and customize instruction by identifying each student's strengths and limitations. This article compares classic and modern assessment and evaluation methodologies to draw implications for educational policies and practices. The research employs a systematic literature review to analyze data gathered from diverse fields. Efficiency, appropriateness, scalability, inclusivity, technology integration, and stakeholder acceptability are critical factors in comparing assessment and evaluation approaches. These parameters were used to analyze the benefits and drawbacks of each strategy. Traditional approaches, for example, have been proven insufficient in expressing individual characteristics since they are ubiquitous and uniform. Modern approaches stand out for their ability to meet student demands and adapt to diverse circumstances. The broad use of these modern procedures, however, is much more complicated than the simply adaptable traditional methods. According to the study's results, current and traditional assessment and evaluation methods have common themes such as purpose, quality assurance, involvement, ethics, and continual development. Traditional approaches, on the other hand, remain more summative, but novel methods concentrate more on student growth via formative strategies and ongoing feedback. Furthermore, novel methods provide flexibility, technology integration, and inclusion, while conventional methods may be restricted to a specific format. Modern methodologies reflect technology's growing importance in education and provide substantial opportunities to build engaging and attractive learning environments. Traditional techniques, on the other hand, emphasize academic knowledge and memory abilities while ignoring practical applications. Assessments that involve problem and project-based learning, as well as real-world situations, are prioritized in modern techniques. Consequently, integrating traditional and contemporary assessment and evaluation methodologies is recommended and will result in a more effective and inclusive educational assessment system. This research on the applicability and efficacy of assessment and evaluation methodologies provides for the exploration of new educational approaches and techniques, as well as the chance to assess current practices and make suggestions for implementation.

Students’ Intention toward Artificial Intelligence in the Context of Digital Transformation

The analysis of students’ attitudes and perceptions represents a basis for enhancing different types of activities, including teaching, learning, assessment, etc. Emphasis might be placed on the implementation of modern procedures and technologies, which play an important role in the process of digital transformation. Among them is artificial intelligence—a technology that has already been found to be applicable in various sectors. When it comes to education, several AI-based tools and platforms can be used by students and teachers. Besides offering customized learning experiences, AI may play a significant part in establishing the concept of sustainability, especially when concerning the achievement of sustainable development goal 4. This paper investigates students’ intention to use artificial intelligence in education, taking three predictors from the UTAUT model and AI awareness as the moderator. The analysis included students from the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia. For the purpose of the research, the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method was applied. Hereby, two models (without and with a moderator) were tested to examine the main and moderating effects, respectively. Regarding the results, while interaction terms were non-significant, the impacts of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence on behavioral intention were significant and positive.

New psychometric evidence for the thesis advisor abuse scale (EMAT) in Peruvian university students based on classic and modern procedures

Although evidence of mistreatment toward university students in the academic field has been reported for several years, its study in the context of the development of undergraduate research is still emerging. For this reason, it is necessary to have valid and reliable measurement instruments that allow assessing the magnitude of this problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Thesis Advisor Abuse Scale (EMAT, for its acronym in Spanish) in Peruvian university students. A total of 753 university students (women = 57.4%) from the 3 regions of Peru participated. The internal structure was analyzed under an analytical-factorial approach, and the discrimination and difficulty characteristics of the items were evaluated from the perspective of item response theory (IRT). The findings showed evidence supporting the original three-dimensional structure. Furthermore, all the items on the EMAT have good discriminatory power. Additionally, the EMAT proved to be strictly invariant according to sex, and the reliability coefficients reached high magnitudes. It is concluded that the EMAT is an instrument that has adequate psychometric properties to be used as a measure of mistreatment by advisors in the thesis preparation processes in Peruvian university students.

Fabrication of palladium-enriched metallic structures by direct focused He+ and Ne+ beam nanowriting from organometallic thin films: a comparison with Ga+ and e- beams.

A direct nanowriting procedure using helium- and neon-focused ion beams and spin-coated organometallic thin films is introduced and applied to the fabrication of Pd-enriched metallic structures in a single lithography step. This process presents significant advantages over multi-step resist-based lithography and focused beam-induced deposition using gaseous precursors, such as its simplicity and speed, respectively. The optimized process leads to Pd-rich structures with low electrical resistivity values of 141 and 152 μΩ cm under Ne+ or He+ fluences of 1000 and 5000 μC cm-2, respectively. These resistivity values correlate well with compositional and microstructural studies, indicating a high Pd metallic content in a dense structure with a few-nm grain size. The obtained results are compared to similar structures fabricated by direct electron and gallium beam nanowriting, demonstrating the full potential of nanopatterned Pd-based organometallic thin films under the most common focused charged beams. The practical applications of combining spin-coated organometallic thin films with focused beam nanowriting in micro- and nano-lithography modern procedures are also discussed in this contribution.

Yongfeng Chili Sauce in China's Rural Revitalization: Transmission and Development of Food Heritage

This study examines Yongfeng Chili Sauce's vital role in China's rural revitalization, emphasizing its status as a provincial intangible cultural heritage and its significance in preserving and advancing culinary history, particularly in Shuangfeng County. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the social, cultural, and economic implications of Yongfeng Chili Sauce, the study employs qualitative approaches, including ethnographic techniques like in-depth interviews and participant observations. The analysis highlights the traditional ways passed down through observation, practice, and oral instruction, and it provides detailed information about the generational transfer of Yongfeng Chili Sauce producing processes within family units. The difficulty of generational succession in maintaining this culinary expertise is an important discovery, since younger generations frequently choose other job routes or encounter barriers to carrying on the family tradition. This feature draws attention to the fine line that must be drawn between upholding heritage and adjusting to modern lifestyle shifts. The study also looks at how Yongfeng Chili Sauce's traditional production processes help to preserve its authenticity and cultural value while utilizing modern procedures to meet market demands. This modification is essential to the sauce's economic viability and ongoing relevance, especially in light of initiatives to revitalize rural areas.The study emphasizes how Yongfeng Chili Sauce may stimulate community involvement, rural economic growth, and cultural tourism. To guarantee the sauce's sustainability, the study proposes Yongfeng Chili Sauce be recognized nationally as intangible cultural heritage and be incorporated into educational programs and travel experiences. It also suggests creating specific locations to highlight its history and promote cultural tourism, including as industrial parks and museums dedicated to Yongfeng Chili Sauce.The study concludes by highlighting the ways in which culinary traditions aid in rural revival and emphasizes the need of finding a balance between tradition and innovation to assist China's rural development in a sustainable manner.

INDICATORS OF INFORMATION FEATURES FOR RECOGNISING THE STATE OF SOURCES AND OBJECTS OF TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS

Background. The majority of modern procedures for the recognition of radio sources and objects are based on the use of binary and multivalued logic, which have low specific features. The essence of the issues is to compare a priori knowledge and a posteriori data coming from the surveillance means and to make a decision on the recognition of a radio emission object. A priori knowledge and a posteriori data are formed both before and during the recognition process on the basis of sets of information features or information signatures. At the same time, when constructing an integral indicator for determining the affiliation and status of sources and objects, it is necessary to know the weighting coefficients of information features, the determination of which is a rather difficult task. Therefore, the issue of determining the weighting coefficients that characterise information features remains an urgent task in the field of statistical radio engineering.
 Objective. The purpose of the paper is to select and substantiate a simple and effective method for calculating the weighting coefficients of information features for the implementation of the methodology for recognising radio sources and objects.
 Methods. Decision-making on the value of the weighting coefficients of information features of the recognition objects belonging to a certain class is based on the results of calculations using one of the three Fishburne formulae, which, in comparison with the known methods of expert assessments, are very simple and understandable, do not require any additional research and complex calculations.
 Results. The procedure is proposed and an example of using the Fishburne method (three formulae) in calculating the value of the weighting coefficients of information features for recognising sources and objects of radio monitoring is considered.
 Conclusions. Comparison of the method of calculating the weighting coefficients using Fishburne's formulae with other known methods of expert assessments shows that there is no need to interview experts and process their analysis results; there are no restrictive implementation conditions; it is easy to take into account additional information about the indicators, if necessary; no software implementation with a complex search algorithm is required; it is easy to make any changes as additional information indicators.

Development of Micro/Nanobots and their Application in Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Industry

The subject of molecular robotics is expanding quickly, and a novel approach to treating human illness or problems involves shrinking nanobots or robotics to the nanometer scale. Researchers are focusing on the various possible uses of nanorobots in medicine and therapy since they are a sophisticated technology that has the potential to change people's lives. Nowadays, modern procedures are mostly employed to create nanobots, which has improved the negative effects of nanobots. This review deals with the overview and future aspects of nanorobotics in the pharmaceutical field, medical uses, biocompatibility, and toxicity of nanobots.

Diagnostics of cardiac amyloidosis

The early diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis is decisive for the success of treatment of affected persons. The thorough clinical investigation of the patient should be followed by appropriate diagnostics using modern procedures. The main symptoms are dyspnea, loss of performance and edema and in later stages cardiac arrhythmias in the form of atrioventricular conduction disturbances and atrial fibrillation but ventricular arrhythmias occur more rarely. During heart failure due to cardiac amyloidosis an increase of cardiac enzymes frequently occurs (e.g., creatine kinase, troponin, N‑terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide), which can be included in the risk stratification and treatment monitoring, taking certain limitations into consideration. The investigation of light chains in serum and/or urine should be carried out immediately, as soon as there is a clinical and echocardiographic suspicion of cardiac amyloidosis. Subsequently, either cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or bone scintigraphy should be carried out, depending on the locally available options. Depending on the results of these two imaging procedures, a decision must be made as to whether further diagnostic steps (e.g., endomyocardial biopsy) are necessary. In the last decade bone scintigraphy has proven to be a blessing for the diagnostics of cardiac amyloidosis but many partial aspects and limitations necessitate special and careful consideration. A Perugini score of 2 or 3 is initially "indicative" of cardiac amyloidosis but not yet "confirmative" for a specific subtype. Only after an additional negative result of the light chain determination, can the diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis be noninvasively made. Cardiac amyloidosis shows a particularly characteristic contrast enhancement in cardiac MRI, which mostly begins in the inner (subendocardial) layers of the basal left ventricular (LV) wall and frequently appears to be circular in the cross-sectional view of the left ventricle. Supplementary T1 and extracellular volume fraction mapping results, which are shown as color-coded maps, enable the rapid and elegant assessment of the myocardial structure and the extent of amyloid deposition. An additional investigation of the TTR gene is recommended in the case of ATTR amyloidosis for a differentiation between hereditary and acquired ATTR, as from this, further therapeutic consequences can be derived.

Problems of comprehensive assessment of the impact of global business structures on the development of the national economy

The paper is devoted to the activities of enterprises and their impact on the state economy. The activities of enterprises are aimed at achieving economic and social results and making a profit in addition, it is related to the provision of the needs of each person, is subject to the influence of many factors and covers a wide range of organizational, technological, economic and financial issues. The paper analyzes the main aspects of the economic significance of the activities of enterprises for the effective functioning of the national economy. Business has been proven to be of global importance through financial inflows, foreign investment and share of gross domestic product. Stability of enterprise activity, achievement of competitive advantages, strengthening of the enterprise’s position on the market – all this is achieved by implementation of rational and carefully developed economic policy of business entities and state policy. That is why the problem of formation and management of the economic policy of the enterprise becomes especially relevant. The main aim of the research is to identify the risks and prospects of enterprise activity on the national economy in modern conditions. Support for the economy is provided only by those enterprises that correctly and competently determine the requirements of the market, organize the production of competitive products and services that are in demand, skillfully carry out highly qualified creative labor staff All this requires fundamental and in-depth economic knowledge, and therefore, appropriate training of economics specialists. The paper describes the state of enterprise activity, possible threats, prospects, and further vectors of development in the post-war period. The practical value of the research is reflected in the results of the work and its follow-up scientific research. The authors concludes that the following steps have been taken in recent years to improve the relationship between entrepreneurship and the national economy: comprehensive regulation of the business sector, development of a simplified program for permitting procedures and registration of property rights, high-quality and modern procedures for starting and closing a business, obtaining administrative services at the highest level, observance of state control over the activities of business entities and reforming the provision of administrative services, mitigation of taxation.

Causes of Meat Deterioration and Preservation Methods

Humans have been practising the skill of meat preservation since the beginning of time, and this practice lives on in all of the foods we consume today. Primarily, meat preservation postpones the development of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi, so meat and its byproducts may sit on store shelves for longer without losing quality or flavour. Dysbiosis is the process by which any food, when exposed to organisms (bacterial and fungal), that degrade the products, changes from being edible to being inedible via denaturation of texture, color, and odor. Spoilage and a lack of storage skills during processing and analyzing generate a significant annual loss of meat and its byproducts for the economies of all countries. In general, organic material, lipid oxidation, and metabolic activity are the fundamental processes of meat deterioration. Traditional techniques for preserving food include drying, salting, pickling, and smoking, all of which aid in preservation when frozen. However, as time went on, new techniques for preserving food emerged, such as freezing, chilling, and irradiation, which significantly extended the period of preservation and made it easier to apply. Modern procedures, such as chilling and other freezing technologies, are used to preserve all manner of meat and meat products, extending their shelf life and improving their quality and texture by all but neutralizing the development of microorganisms.

Car damage assessment recommendation system using neural networks

Traditional Car dents severity prediction involves skillful experts in fields that tends to be tedious and time-consuming. Considering the copious amounts of accidents, a robust, automated, cost-effective approach for detecting severity in car dents deems necessary. Our main goal is to utilize modern procedures for processing accident severity to overcome the problems associated with human visual error-prone problems. Mostly, vehicle accidents have specific fixed set of parameters that play a crucial role in determining the severity of the accident. In our system, we incorporate an approach named transfer learning for the image feature extraction process via pre-trained models for predicting severity of the dent in the vehicle. Our system initially extracts car image samples which are pre-processed for background elimination. These images are later passed on to our pre-trained neural network models for fine-tuning and feature extraction. Finally, we generate, and test various categories of dents based on their severity with existing pre-classified samples to enable high similarity score prediction. Several experimental analysis and exhaustive testing, our proposed system was able to detect vehicle dent severity with an overall accuracy of 96.34%, which is ably better than other existing computer-based classification methods.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ВНУТРЕННЕГО АУДИТА ОСНОВНЫХ БИЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕССОВ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

The article discusses the elements of the internal control system, gives an interpretation of the term internal financial control, notes the problems of lack of internal regulations and the non-use of modern procedures and control methods, classifies business processes and lists business process audit tools. The authors give the stages of internal audit of business processes, list the control procedures for checking the business process of production. In the final part of the article, the structure of the internal standard “Methodology for internal audit of the organization’s main business processes” is proposed.

RAAGR2-Net: A brain tumor segmentation network using parallel processing of multiple spatial frames

Brain tumors are one of the most fatal cancers. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive method that provides multi-modal images containing important information regarding the tumor. Many contemporary techniques employ four modalities: T1-weighted (T1), T1-weighted with contrast (T1c), T2-weighted (T2), and fluid-attenuation-inversion-recovery (FLAIR), each of which provides unique and important characteristics for the location of each tumor. Although several modern procedures provide decent segmentation results on the multimodal brain tumor image segmentation benchmark (BraTS) dataset, they lack performance when evaluated simultaneously on all the regions of MRI images. Furthermore, there is still room for improvement due to parameter limitations and computational complexity. Therefore, in this work, a novel encoder–decoder-based architecture is proposed for the effective segmentation of brain tumor regions. Data pre-processing is performed by applying N4 bias field correction, z-score, and 0 to 1 resampling to facilitate model training. To minimize the loss of location information in different modules, a residual spatial pyramid pooling (RASPP) module is proposed. RASPP is a set of parallel layers using dilated convolution. In addition, an attention gate (AG) module is used to efficiently emphasize and restore the segmented output from extracted feature maps. The proposed modules attempt to acquire rich feature representations by combining knowledge from diverse feature maps and retaining their local information. The performance of the proposed deep network based on RASPP, AG, and recursive residual (R2) block termed RAAGR2-Net is evaluated on the BraTS benchmarks. The experimental results show that the suggested network outperforms existing networks that exhibit the usefulness of the proposed modules for “fine” segmentation. The code for this work is made available online at: https://github.com/Rehman1995/RAAGR2-Net.

روحانیت و چرخش قرن: از روحانیت بر قدرت تا روحانیت در قدرت

This article examines the development of the clergy in the fourteenth SH century. The foundations of this institution date back to the time of the Safavids, who, upon ascending to power and establishing Shiism as the state religion, laid the groundwork for the establishment of this institution to legitimize the monarchy. After this period until the success of the Iranian revolution in 1979, this institution and its relationship to political power and social movements have seen enormous upheavals and transformations. To facilitate comprehension of these developments, we have split them into two stages. The first stage, spanning the first half of the fourteenth century, begins with the defeat of the constitutional movement and continues with the foundation of the Pahlavi regime. In this era, the clergy confronts the modern world and its values, forcing them to reconsider the relationship between religion and the modern world. For some, the wind of modernity, and for others, the storm of this event, prompted the clergy to consider sustaining its institution. The establishment of Ayatollah Haeri Yazdi in Qom and the establishment of the Qom seminary played a significant role in the stabilization of this institution in the 14th SH century. The first event was the attempt to transfer the center of clergy and marja’iyyat from Najaf to Qom, which began with the establishment of the Qom seminary. The second event was the death of Ayatollah Borujerdi in 1340 SH, which precipitated a crisis of marja’iyyat within the clerical institution and gradually paved the way for the ascension of Ayatollah Khomeini and the foundation of his power. The clergy was put to a new test with the success of the Iranian revolution and the installation of the theocracy, which marked the beginning of the second stage. In the second half of the 14th century, beginning in the 1360s SH, the institution of the clergy formed a government that controlled political authority and depended on political power to establish Sharia law. The article examines religious fundamentalism led by Misbah Yazdi, who favored the implementation of Sharia law, as well as Muslim reformers or neo-thinkers who wished to activate the republic and implement modern procedures within the government and the clergy. The article focuses on presenting the perspectives of two mujtahids from outside the government, Mehdi Haeri Yazdi and Seyyed Kamal Heydari, who support the participation of the people in government and their representation in the occultation era.

Issue of allocation of overheads - the practice of the Hungarian hotel industry

As a result of the changing business environment, decision-makers need more and more information. For businesses to successfully compete in our globalized world, an in-depth analysis of their business processes and product structure is the basis for their decisions. Competition to meet consumer expectations forces managers to constantly monitor the cost of their products and services, changes in the cost structure, and review their pricing policies. The value of available information about the company's internal processes, products, and service characteristics has increased among the company's external and internal stakeholders as well. After the First World War, there was a need for a uniform accounting system to be put together by the participants of the sector with specific characteristics. As a result of these efforts, the Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry (USALI) was created, which serves to satisfy the information needs of managers involved in the hospitality industry. The document builds on the content framework of cost accounting, but at the same time, it does not take a firm position on the question of the distribution of overheads. This study explores the issue and practice of the distribution of overheads among participants in the Hungarian hotel industry. The basic population of the primary research was represented by hotels with a legal relationship with members of the Hungarian Hotel and Restaurant Association (HHRA). Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire, ended in December 2016 with the participation of 74 respondents. At the time of the closing of the questionnaire survey, the number of hotel units with HHRA membership was 398. The willingness to answer was, therefore, 18.59% among the members. Consequently, the proportion of the sample population is 7.75% compared to 955 operating hotels. To refresh the conclusions from the survey, a repeated questionnaire was carried out in May 2022 within the focus group formed by the management of AHHR (president, general secretary) and the six prominent regional leaders. A total of 6 people participated in the repeated survey through written or oral responses. The results of empirical research with a sample show that the participants of the Hungarian hotel industry mainly rely on the traditional cost allocation methods to formulate the practice of dividing overheads, but at the same time, they seem to be in the direction of adapting modern procedures efforts made.

Treatments of Sustainable Preservation in Heritage Buildings: Reviews the Treatments that can Improve the Preservation of Heritage Buildings

Heritage buildings result from human cultures and are a significant expression of civilization and cultural thought. It has become part of our lives, and informatics has become in all areas of life; it has a real place in human production and affects the present and future. From here, it was necessary to think about how to preserve the heritage buildings and their protectors in a way that suits the requirements of the present era and preserve them for future generations by introducing sustainable development and its fields to conservation operations. Minimal sustainable conservation operations are using modern technologies without compromising the essence of the building and its identity, but rather working to strengthen its heritage features. Thus, the focus of the general research became modern procedures for preserving heritage buildings. The research problem is the existence of a knowledge gap between theory and practice related to how to preserve heritage buildings, including their continuity for future generations because they are a source of inspiration for the local architect. Therefore, the analytical framework included building a comprehensive theoretical framework of knowledge about heritage buildings, preservation, and sustainable development factors and how to introduce technology to preserve the building in the future. الابنیة التراثیة هی نتیجة ثقافات البشر وهی تعبیر جاد عن حضارتهم وفکرهم الثقافی، ولیتم التعرف على شعب یجب التعرف على حضارته وثقافته ویتم ذلک عن طریق العمران الذی یختلف من شعب لاخر ویمتاز بخصوصیته وهی مزیج من عوامل بیئیة واجتماعیة واقتصادیة، ومع تطور الحیاة تطورت مجالات التکنلوجیا والتقنیة وأصبحت جزء من حیاتنا واصبحت المعلوماتیة فی کل مجالات الحیاة ولها مکان اساسی فی انتاجات الانسان وتؤثر على حاضره ومستقبله. من هنا کان لابد من التفکیر فی کیفیة الحفاظ على الابنیة التراثیة وحماتیها بشکل یلائم متطلبات العصر الحاضر والحفاظ علیها للأجیال القادمة عن طریق أدخال التنمیة المستدامة ومجالاتها على عملیات الحفاظ لتکون لدنیا عملیات الحفاظ المستدام بأستخدام التقنیات الحدیثة دون المساس بجوهر المبنى وهویته بل العمل على تعزیز سماتها التراثیة. بهذا اصبح محور البحث العام بـ: الاجراءات الحدیثة للحفاظ على الابنیة التراثیة ومشکلة البحث هی: وجود فجوة معرفیة بین النظریة والتطبیق المتعلق بکیفیة الحفاظ على الابنیة التراثیة بما یضمن أستمرارها للأجیال القادمة وذلک لکونها مصدر ألهام للمعماری المحلی .اعتمد البحث على اسلوب المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی.

Problems of the collection activities for pensions and tuition fees in educational institution

In Ecuador, private educational institutions often present a high percentage of their portfolios due to the non-payment of their students' tuitions. This creates difficulties with collections management. Such is the case of the Pacific Adventist Education Unit in the city of Guayaquil, which shows an increase in its expired portfolio. In view of this situation, the present investigation is presented with the aim of detecting the type of problems that affect and limit collection activities. To this end, descriptive research of mixed design was carried out, with the application of surveys and interviews with staff working in the accounting department and the teaching staff of the institution. The results show the convenience and need for the application of specific standards that obtain a high level of acceptance in the staff consulted. It concludes that there is a need to implement modern procedures that improve the activities of fees in accordance with the economic capacities of the user.

Simultaneous retrograde venous and anterograde arterial bullet embolism: a case report

BackgroundBullet embolus is a rare condition following gunshot injuries and represents a clinical challenge regarding both diagnosis and management.Case presentationWe report the case of a 35-year-old Iranian (Middle-Eastern) male patient with a shotgun injury to both buttocks, which traveled to the heart and the popliteal area through the femoral vein and superficial femoral artery, respectively. Surgical intervention was applied for the popliteal pellet, and the patient was discharged without further complications.ConclusionAlthough bullet emboli can be a clinical challenge, with the advent of modern procedures, removal has become safer. X-ray, computed tomography, and transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiography may be used as adjuncts to help establish the diagnosis.