Modern Pluralism Research Articles

Unity in Diversity of Religions in Bumi Flobamora, Indonesia: From Traditional to Modern Pluralism

The religiously diverse society of NTT (Bumi Flobamora) has received national title as the most tolerant province in Indonesia. However, reality shows that there are religious conflicts, such as the rejection of the establishment of Islamic places of worship and the emergence of various forms of violence with religious nuances. This study attempts to provide a new contemporary social philosophy explanation for the development of religious social conditions. With the help of philosophical methods, the results show that the ideology of pluralism has long lived in Bumi Flobamora. However, this model of "traditional pluralism,” which is based on local wisdom and supported by the government's policy of harmony, is currently no longer in line with demands for universal human rights, because "traditional pluralism" shows the unequal treatment of people of different religions. Therefore, contemporary social philosophy develops a "modern pluralism,” which is built on the principle of equality. To strengthen this new model of pluralism, efforts are needed to overcome the weaknesses of communitarianism. The main weakness of communitarianism is that it opens up a space for religious appreciation that only emphasizes the togetherness and unity of a spiritual community and views those outside the community as other people who may or should even be excluded. The study concludes that the unity of religions in Bumi Flobamora will only survive if traditional pluralism is replaced with modern pluralism, which is in line with the Political Ethics of the Indonesian nation, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, and the basic philosophy of Pancasila.

Identität und Perspektive

Abstract Current discourses of postmigrant societies heavily draw on the notion of perspective, a leading metaphor of modern pluralist thought that is prominent in narratological discourse as well. Taking up Hans Blumenberg’s question of the possibility of the novel, the following contribution asks if and how the narrative art of perspectivism might be able to meet the challenge posed by recent changes in society.

Civic Education and Democratic Identity in Contemporary Germany: Pedagogical Principles and Didactic Challenges in Times of Right-Wing Populism

ABSTRACT The article assesses the role of civic education in contexts of heightened political polarisation, especially with a focus on right-wing populism. By drawing on the rise of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) in Germany, we argue that civic education is an indispensible building block in redeeming the famous Böckenförde dictum in modern pluralist democracies. We outline several key principles and challenges civic education has to address in order to foster a ‘thin’ notion of democratic identity – or ‘constitutional patriotism’ as outlined by Dolf Sternberger and Jürgen Habermas. Against this background, we discuss how neutral civic education can, may and should be. Finally, we conclude by formulating an appeal towards more attitude instead of restraint vis-à-vis right-wing populist positions.

Resonance as Pluralism: Toward an Existential-Phenomenological Approach to Relational Plurality, in Dialogue with Rosa and Arendt

Discussions on modern pluralism have mainly focused on its socio-political dimension. This article focuses on the existential-phenomenological dimension of plurality, conceiving of pluralism as a responsive relationship between the self and the other. We advance a philosophical reading of Hartmut Rosa’s theory of resonance in order to further give shape to this existential-phenomenological approach to pluralism. The theory of resonance offers a framework to characterize the responsive relationships at play throughout human life. We argue that Rosa’s account is promising in its contribution to thinking the concept of pluralism as responsive relationship, but we problematize how Rosa tends to reduce resonance to subjective experience rather than taking the relationship itself as a focal point. We strengthen the potential of a philosophy of resonance by further embedding it in Arendt’s philosophy of worldliness; this, we conclude, leads to a conceptualization of pluralism as the responsivity of relationships themselves rather than a function of responding entities.

팬톤(Pantone) 컬러트렌드와 질감 테크닉을 활용한 헤어 커트 디자인 연구

In a pluralistic modern society, new trends have continuously emerged due to visual effects from diverse media. In addition, as individual personality becomes more important, people would express their identity with their own color. In addition, diverse programs with which a person’s personality and image can be guessed through color have been developed. As people’s interest in color continues, global Pantone color trends have had a significant influence on design industry. Under these circumstances, this study attempted to broaden the range of art expression by applying Pantone color trends to hairstyling and expand technical expressions, using texture. For this, to analyze color trends 2023 and propose haircut designs using texture techniques, first, the concept and characteristics of Pantone colors were analyzed. Second, the concept of haircut and texture techniques were investigated. Third, based on the above data, 3 different haircut designs were created, using Pantone colors and texture techniques. The study results confirm that it is possible to create unique designs by applying Pantone’s color trends to haircut. It is anticipated that there would be further studies which can make a contribution to the development of hair design by utilizing annual Pantone color trends.

Revisiting Islamic Law in Indonesia’s Legal System Discourse: A Critical Analysis of the Legal and Social Implications

This article examines the difficulties associated with reintroducing Islamic law (fiqh) into the legal system and regulations of a pluralistic contemporary society. The function of Islamic law in the context of contemporary society is examined, including its historical impact on Islamic civilization and the significance of Islamic legal legislation in Islamic modernism. The current reality is Islamic law's struggle with modern nation-states, especially in terms of its transformation and incorporation into the national legal system. The article also discusses Ibn al-Muqaffa's proposal for the first Islamic legal code, which sought to establish universally applicable legal provisions. The purpose of this article is to cast a spotlight on the challenges and opportunities of reintroducing Islamic law into the regulatory framework of contemporary society. To better comprehend the implications and potential outcomes of such integration, there is a need for more scholarly work and research. In conclusion, the incorporation of Islamic law into contemporary legal systems is an ongoing and significant topic of discussion in a pluralistic modern society. While there have been attempts in the past to codify Islamic law within state regulations, there are still numerous obstacles to overcome before it can be successfully reintroduced into contemporary legal frameworks. Progress can be made towards the incorporation of Islamic law into the regulatory framework of contemporary society through sustained scholarly work, research, and consideration of ethical and social implications.

«Axiological Turn» in Russian Education: Position of Subjectivism

Reflective theorizations about the state and prospects for the development of domestic education clearly recognize two trends in its future – continuity and individualization. In addition, the tendency of an “axiological turn” in the sense of education as a value and the value of education itself is clearly articulated. Modern pluralism of educational practices indicates the possibility of an individual to become the main subject of a new type of educational interaction based on independent institutionalization. Does the trend of “axiological turn” have ontological grounds for the sanctioned possibility of free change in the subjectivity of an individual in the educational space on fundamentally new methodological grounds? Or is it a continuation of the methodological tradition of axiological subjectivism? In order to find the foundations of a new axiological tradition in the educational space, a theoretical formalization of the category of “value” in the historical and philosophical tradition is being developed, and the results of this formalization are projected onto modern Russian education.On the one hand, the interpretation of educational values as skills, abilities and competencies is nothing more than an objective requirement of a dynamically changing socio-cultural situation with its ever-increasing uncertainty. On the other hand, the “axiological turn”, to a much greater extent, is associated with a change in the value orientations of the individual him/herself. This, with a special degree of efficiency and dynamism, is expressed in a change in the nature of educational-individual trajectories towards the professionalization of educational practices with a simultaneous strengthening of their meta-component. It is emphasized that meta-skills, along with existential skills, are the general vectors in the development of the axiological ecosystem of education. Based on the historical and philosophical review of the understanding of values and ideas about education as a way of reproducing culture (in the dialectic of alienation and appropriation of social values), the conclusion is formulated that modern concepts of the reversal of educational practices are, to a certain extent, private explications of axiological subjectivism.

Manifestation of Belief and the “Liberal” Law of Religion: Why It Is Time to Rethink the Status-Quo?

Abstract Manifestation of belief is a key component of religious freedom, however in modern pluralist states there are inherent conflicts between practices of the more religious minorities and those of the secular majority. In attempting to mediate those conflicts judges have been faced with the sensitive task of determining the extent to which a particular symbol or practice is worthy of protection by the law. The case law arising from this process has produced some inconsistencies and has shown that not all symbols are equal before the law. As a matter of practice, the law of religion is based on liberal values which tend to favour faith based on orthodoxy over orthopraxy. This article argues that the time has come for a remodelling of the current approach to manifestation of religion and belief and puts forward a holistic approach which considers religion as an element of identity and as such ascribed rather than merely a life choice. It explores the possibility of a modification of current legal tests which would give way to this approach. The argument is considered from three different perspectives namely the emphasis on autonomy within the “liberal law of religion,” the religious vs. secular binary present within the courts’ approach and the difficulty of defining religion and belief.

Following Jesus Christ. Understanding Orthodox Mission Today, in Theory and Praxis

"The following article examines the notion of mission linked to discipleship and witness to Christ. It highlights the basics of Orthodox Theology of Mission according to the Orthodox heritage and modern theological thinking, taking also into consideration catholicity and unity in space and time. It discusses the reemergence of missionary awareness in the late 20th century and the problems facing our missional theology in pluralistic modern times. It concludes by examining the actual possibilities and shortcomings of Orthodox mission in the 21st century as well as recent initiatives to re-energize missionary vision and missiological scholarship in the Orthodox churches. Keywords: preaching, missionary methodology, adaptation, martyria, migration "

Principles of Positivist Jurisprudence in the Teachings of Warsaw Lawyers of the First Third of the XIX Century

The article is devoted to the extremely rich and insufficiently studied heritage of Polish legal thought. The political and geographical determinants of the chosen research topic are the restoration of statehood in central Polish lands in 1807 (Duchy of Warsaw and the Kingdom of Poland) and the defeat of the November Uprising (1830-1831) followed by measures taken by the Russian authorities to limit the autonomy of the Kingdom of Poland. The intellectual milestones are the founding of the School of Law in 1807 (later the Faculty of Law of the University of Warsaw), and the closure of the University of Warsaw in 1831, as well as the significant emigration of scientists in the same year and the liquidation of the Society of Friends of Science in 1832. The intellectual milestones are also European (and first of all Central European) processes of legal thought evolution in the second half of the XVIII – first third of the XIX century, which led to the formation of the first and still insufficiently understood and studied positivism in jurisprudence, being a profound phenomenon that reveals the essence of positivism in legal thought in general.
 The study found that the basic principle of jurisprudence in the vision of most Warsaw scholars during the study period was its independence from a priori and metaphysical philosophizing, and vice versa, the formation of its own philosophical and legal discourse (philosophy of positive law) based on generalization and understanding of research results. It was recognized that legal science should be a fundamentally new system of legal knowledge – positivist and social. Recognizing the historical and modern pluralism of such an organization of knowledge, Warsaw scholars have unequivocally identified themselves with the Central European jurisprudence, the core of which is the German. Warsaw scholars believed that jurisprudence was based on historical, dogmatic and philosophical approaches. Accordingly, they considered three relatively separate areas of scientific knowledge, which together can be considered as a single legal science or a system of interrelated legal sciences. Depending on the emphasis in the views of scholars on the fundamental or applied side of legal science, this system was seen differently, as well as the subject of jurisprudence – universal or more national. It can be argued that this to some extent correlated with the predominance in the views of certain scholars of the principles of historical-philosophical or historical schools.

Ideology on Markesot Series Cover by Emha Ainun Nadjib: A Semiotic Study

This study aims to reveal and describe the symbols used by Javanese culturalists to communicate Javanese philosophy to a pluralistic modern society. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach using Barthes semiotic method to understanding its meanings. The results of this study indicate that there are messages and ideologies that Emha Ainun Nadjib is trying to convey through his work. Emha tries to describe modern Javanese philosophy through the use of attributes attached to Punakawan figures. This study aims to reveal and describe the symbols used by Javanese culturalists to communicate Javanese philosophy to a pluralistic modern society. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach using the Barthes semiotic method to understand its meaning. The results of this study indicate that there are messages and ideologies that Emha Ainun Nadjib is trying to convey through his work. Emha tries to describe modern Javanese philosophy through the use of attributes attached to the Punakawan character. So it can be concluded that through the fictional character Markesot, Emha is actually conveying his ideology and views on the current state of the nation. This research is expected to be a reference for how an ideology can be conveyed in a language that is not necessarily explicit, but still pays attention to the local culture aspects

Critical Reflection and the Limits of Parental Authority

ABSTRACTIn modern pluralist societies, the meaning and value of individual autonomy is highly contested. Typically, some religious groups deny the ideal of leading a self‐directed life and regard strict obedience to God's commands as the primary goal of child education. This article pursues the question of whether a liberal state may legitimately interfere with parental authority in order to protect the development of a child's inner capacity for autonomy. It is argued that the ability to critically re‐evaluate one's life plan is valuable for the offspring of secular and pious parents alike. Therefore, restrictions on parental rights can be justified within a liberal theoretical framework that is neutral between autonomous and heteronomous conceptions of the good. However, religious parents need not be prepared to call their most important tenets into question; they may foster their children's capacity for critical reflection in other ways. Since the vast majority of religious families meet this requirement, state interventions are rarely warranted.

The Great Reset. Restratification for lives, livelihoods, and the planet

In reviewing the Great Reset, an initiative launched by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in response to the global coronavirus crisis, this perspective article considers the scenario of an epochal transition from capitalism to “restorism”. To facilitate the observation of underlying trends and assumptions, a systems-theoretical framework is developed for the observation of both this Great Reset scenario and those scenarios that are by implication excluded by the WEF vision. It is thus shown that the “shared goals” advocated by the WEF would converge to a transition from a modern pluralist to a “new-normative” order stratified to the primacy of individual, institutional, and planetary health. In discussing sociological implications of this transition, a vision emerges of a new digitally enhanced medieval era where health plays the role once played by religion. In this restorist scenario of a neo-medieval world health society, the emergence of new social strata corresponding to different levels of purity, infection, or pollution would be a probable consequence. The paper concludes that idea of deliberately caused great resets and other control illusions nurtured by the WEF initiative are barely smarter than and spur what the UN Secretary-General refers to as “wild conspiracy theories”.

The Great Reset. Restratification for Lives, Livelihoods, and the Planet

In reviewing the Great Reset, an initiative launched by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in response to the global coronavirus crisis, this perspective article considers the scenario of an epochal transition from capitalism to “restorism”. To facilitate the observation of underlying trends and assumptions, a systems-theoretical framework is developed for the observation of both this Great Reset scenario and those scenarios that are by implication excluded by the WEF vision. It is thus shown that the “shared goals” advocated by the WEF would converge to a transition from a modern pluralist to a “new-normative” order stratified to the primacy of individual, institutional, and planetary health. In discussing sociological implications of this transition, a vision emerges of a new digitally enhanced medieval period where health plays the role once played by religion. In this restorist scenario of a neo-medieval world health society, the emergence of new social strata corresponding to different levels of purity, infection, or pollution would be a probable consequence. The paper concludes that idea of deliberately caused great resets and other control illusions nurtured by the WEF initiative are barely smarter than and spur what the UN Secretary-General refers to as “wild conspiracy theories”.

The Way Philosophers Pray: Hymns as Experiential Knowledge in Early Modern Europe

Beginning with the work of Marsilio Ficino through the poems of Michele Marullo, Gianfrancesco Pico della Mirandola, Pierre Ronsard, Edmund Spenser and others, this essay discusses the revival and fortune of philosophical hymns in Quattrocento Italy and the diffusion of this genre in Early Modern Europe. In doing so, we will attempt at framing this phenomenon in the context of Early Modern religious pluralism and interpret it as an instance of experiential knowledge.

Pluralism in the XX-XXI Century and the Option of Philosophical Counseling

The article outlines the phenomenon of pluralism and its challenges in modern and postmodern Western civilization. The pluralistic world is confronted with different concepts of ethics and morality, which not so rarely trigger diffusions from which conflicts often derive. Practical philosophy can make a new constructive contribution through its neutral view on the modern pluralist world.

Newest trends in the research of individual’s economic behavior at the beginning of the XXI century

Relevance of the research topic. There are a large number of schools which study the economic behavior of an individual in modern economic science, who is the starting point in the decision-making system. Research on the latest trends in the study of an individual's economic behavior is relevant, as it enables us to use new approaches to solve pressing problems in economic science. Formulation of the problem. Mainstream and heterodoxy exist in economic science at the same time. It is necessary to clearly distinguish what aspects and ideas a particular trend is exploring, and what questions determine which scientific world is drawn to and why. Recent studies have shown that scientists are inclined to use the ideas of heterodoxy, since its methodology, ideas and conclusions can address a number of questions and provide answers about the peculiarities of an individual's economic behavior. Analysis of recent research and publications. In a wide range of domestic and foreign publications the basic ideas of modern scientific approaches to the economic behavior of the individual are covered. However, these studies do not systematize information about mainstream heterodox schools. The purpose of the study is to systematize information about ideas of the modern heterodoxy and to substantiate the existence of pluralism in modern economic science. The methodological basis of the article was general scientific and specific research methods, including induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis and comparison. Results: The main schools of the beginning of the 21st century are examined, which explore the process of decision making by an individual in the economic system. The basic tendencies of sympathizing the scientific world to the views of representatives of heterodoxy, who consider that a person is not a rational subject, are covered. Information about all schools is systematized in the conclusion The analysis of why the neoclassical approach is mainstream is made in the end of the article.It is assumed whether there is a chance and under what conditions modern pluralism can change the basic models of economics. Conclusions. The reasons for applying the ideas of mainstream and heterodoxy were outlined on the basis of the study. It was determined that the using of ideas from different approaches is caused by the conditions of the research and the problem that the researcher wants to solve.

Catholic Schools in Ireland Today – a Changing Sector in a Time of Change

Catholic Schools in Ireland Today – a Changing Sector in a Time of Change Marie Griffin Introduction There is a popular narrative that sees Catholic education resting on the vestiges of a former hegemony, defending itself against all-comers and employing a siege mentality, resistant to change and totally out of line with the zeitgeist of a modern pluralist Ireland. Headlines such as ‘Catholic grip of education being loosened’1 and ‘Church’s power in education system highlighted again’2 reflect this narrative. The reality, however, for those who work with, and in, Catholic schools could not be more different. A number of features of the reality of change, innovation and adaptation in Irish Catholic schools are outlined in this article. At second-level, the establishment of lay education trusts to replace religious congregations is described. The challenge for primary schools in seeking to divest patronage is outlined, as is the response of Catholic schools at all levels to the change in the Irish population. Finally, the article will examine the challenges for the future and look at likely scenarios for Catholic schools. Catholic schools in Ireland today The Catholic Church has a large number of schools in Ireland because, historically, it was the main provider of education for the general population and the state was happy to allow this situation of ‘peaceful coexistence’ to develop.3 Just over fifty years ago, free second-level education was introduced into Ireland and the numbers of students provided for rose exponentially, largely because of the existence of the already established Catholic schools. Almost 80,000 extra second-level education places were provided by religious schools and the religious congregations were pivotal to the development of a cohesive, progressive, education system in an otherwise poor and underdeveloped country.4 Catholic Schools in Ireland Today – a Changing Sector in a Time of Change Studies • volume 108 • number 429 55 Even in more recent decades, the partnership of the state and the Catholic Church was regarded as mutually beneficial. Religious congregations and dioceses provided sites for school buildings, provided money for the buildings themselves and then taught in many schools free of charge or used their state teaching salaries to support local school projects. Many schools and thousands of students in modern Ireland are still benefiting from this sense of mission and its largesse. Schools have PE halls, theatres, playing fields or other facilities that would never have been provided by state funding. Likewise, an increasingly small number of schools are fortunate enough to have members of religious congregations still working in schools on a voluntary basis long into their retirements.5 While the state has provided full funding for school buildings in the past twenty years, most Catholic schools are still on church or congregational lands in buildings that are at least partially funded by Catholic resources. For this reason, Catholic schools are private establishments, in receipt of state funding because of a need for school places and because of their contribution to society in educating its young people. Catholic schools are in the voluntary sector and are not state entities. This difference between being a state school and a private school in receipt of state funding is not always fully appreciated. Some commentators argue that if a school receives state funding, out of taxpayers’ money, then the state should be in a position to dictate what is taught and who are taught. However, the parents of students in Catholic schools are also taxpayers with rights to an education of their choosing for their children. Governance developments in Catholic schools In considering the future or indeed the present of Catholic education in Ireland, the question of who will run the schools must be asked. Under the Education Act of 1998, each school must have a patron in order to operate. Traditionally, in Ireland, the vast majority of Catholic schools were managed and run by religious congregations while a very small number of Catholic schools were established and managed by lay people. Through the 1980s with its rise in unemployment and emigration, and subsequently through the roller-coaster of the economic boom of the Celtic Tiger years and the rise in immigration followed by the downturn...

The Knowledge Democracy Connection and Music Education

The paper argues for the primacy of disciplinary knowledge in music education. We claim that the epistemic structure of this form of knowledge has two separate but ultimately interdependent functions. First, when used as the main principle in the design of the curriculum, such knowledge may be made accessible to students by being connected to procedural or practice knowledge. We introduce the term 'curriculum design coherence' to refer to the ways in which this connection is made. Second, the abstract nature of disciplinary knowledge contains two features, "generalizability" and "universalizability." These are pre-conditions for the creation of the collective representations that allow modern pluralist societies to cohere around the principles of democracy. In making the argument for a pedagogy in music education which combines "knowledge-in-the-mind" and "knowledge-from experience," we critique the current emphasis on experience to suggest that this approach does not provide the access to transformative knowledge despite claims for its democratic imperative.

Unity and Identity in Evangelicalism and Prospects for Bridge Building with the Orthodox Church

This paper reflects on unity and identity within evangelicalism, briefly tracing the development of the movement within Protestantism before sketching its current situation. From the very beginning of Protestantism, concepts such as authority, scripture, and church, and their relations to individual believers have been complex. Five hundred years after the Reformation, the unity of the movement has come under increasing strain. Evangelicals have been buffeted by the modernist influence of the Fundamentalist-Liberal controversy in the United States, the advent of postmodernity, and a developing sense of unease within, although their numerical strength and global representation have continued to increase. Current issues facing evangelicalism include authority in the church, relations with political causes, and relevance to our pluralistic modern world; responses to such challenges reflect the internal diversity of the movement. Earlier identity markers of adherence to scripture and doctrinally-based exclusivism have begun to fade as evangelicalism has become more fragmented and with the rise of newer, more Spirit-oriented subgroups. The paper introduces positive trends emerging in some parts of the evangelical movement due to internal angst, secularisation, and the holistic understanding of faith associated with the Lausanne Movement. Evangelicals now show increased openness to social involvement, learning from other Christian traditions, and cooperation in mission endeavours. The final section explores the potential for bridge building between evangelicalism and the Orthodox Church, framed by ideas from Gerard Hughes and Friedrich Schleiermacher. Although the paper can only credibly examine the evangelical end of the bridge, it is hoped that the general insights may benefit bridge builders at the Orthodox end also. Keywords: unity, identity, Christian Church, Evangelicalism, Orthodox Church