Modern Pharmacology Research Articles

Apolipoprotein А-I as a transport form of cytostatics in Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells

One of the pressing issues of modern pharmacology remains the development of drugs with targeted antitumor action, or the creation of dosage forms of selective action of already known cytostatics in order to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy and reduce the overall toxic effect on the body. In this work, it is proposed to use apolipoprotein A-I as a transport form of the antitumor drugs actinomycin D, doxorubicin, vinblastine and melphalan. Material and methods. Apolipoprotein A-I was isolated from the high-density lipoprotein fraction of human blood plasma. Apolipoprotein A-I was labeled with 1 % fluoresceinisothiocyanate (FITC). For the experiments, we used male C57Bl mice weighing 20–25 g. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells were obtained from peritoneal exudate 9–10 days after transplantation. Fluorescent analysis was carried out on an AxioImager Z1 “Zeiss” microscope using an AxioCamMRc digital camera and AxioVision V.4.5 software. The absorption spectra of antitumor drugs in the optical region of electromagnetic radiation were studied using an Evolution 300 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Results. The paper presents the results indicating the ability of FITC-labeled apolipoprotein A-I to enter tumor cells. Using the method of column chromatography and spectrofluorimetry, the formation of apolipoprotein A-Icytostatic complex (actinomycin D, doxorubicin, melphalan, vinblastine) was shown. Analysis of the content of drugs in tumor cell lysates showed that absorption (internalization) was more pronounced during incubation of cells with cytostatics in complex forms with apolipoprotein A-I compared with the absorption of cytostatics by cells without a carrier. Conclusions. It has been established that apolipoprotein A-I can be a direct carrier of cytostatics into the cells of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.

Anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil from medicinal plants: An insight into molecular mechanism, in-silico studies and signaling pathways.

Medicinal plants have historically been the cornerstone of treatment for a myriad of ailments. With modern pharmacology, many contemporary drugs have been derived from traditional medicine practices. Essential oils from these plants, known for their anti-inflammatory capabilities, have played a significant role in treating conditions such as cardiovascular and inflammatory skin diseases, as well as joint inflammation. This study revisits these ancient remedies to further explore their efficacy and mechanisms in the modern context. This review focuses on identifying and analysing the primary phytochemical in medicinal plants that exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. The chemical classes of interest include alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which are prevalent in the essential oils derived from therapeutic plants. By understanding their role in modulating molecular pathways, this study aims to highlight their potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The study employs in silico techniques such as molecular modelling and docking to examine the pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles of selected phytochemical. This approach facilitates a deeper understanding of how these natural compounds interact at the molecular level, either as activators or inhibitors, which can influence various biochemical pathways related to inflammation. Preliminary findings suggest that specific phytochemical significantly modulate inflammatory pathways, offering potential therapeutic targets. The analysis reveals that these natural substances can effectively reduce inflammation without the adverse side effects commonly associated with synthetic drugs. The study provides a detailed characterization of the active components within essential oils and their respective anti-inflammatory actions. The review underscores the immense potential for medicinal plants as a source for developing new and safer pharmaceuticals aimed at treating inflammatory conditions. By harnessing the power of natural phytochemical, there is a promising avenue for creating innovative drug therapies. This study encourages further research into the utilization of natural plant products, promoting a broader application in medicinal treatments and a return to nature-centric solutions in healthcare.

Andean Medicinal Plants and Their Secondary Metabolites: Connections between Aymara Traditional Medicine and Modern Pharmacology

Andean Medicinal Plants and Their Secondary Metabolites: Connections between Aymara Traditional Medicine and Modern Pharmacology

Scientific Basis of "Law of Similia" in Modern Pharmacology

Scientific Basis of "Law of Similia" in Modern Pharmacology

Experimental confirmation of the bactericidal action of the domestic antiseptic “Anolit” in surgical practice

Background. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious threats to modern clinical medicine. Despite the significant successes of modern pharmacology, the search for effective antiseptics that can influence wound processes continues. In our study, an experimental study of the effect of Anolit solution on pathogenic microorganisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis was conducted.The aim. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the domestic antiseptic “Anolit” against gram-negative pathogens of nosocomial infections using the example of P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis.Methods. To assess the quality of the effect of “Anolit” on the studied colonies of microorganisms, experimental studies were performed in vitro. The bacteriological study was carried out in three stages using the Koch method.Results. “Anolit” is a modern antiseptic agent with a pronounced antimicrobial effect based on the electrolysis of aqueous solutions. Its ability to lyse pathogenic microorganisms (P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis) has been confirmed by experimental research.Conclusion. The bactericidal effect of “Anolit” on the growth of gram-negative bacteria is shown, proving its high antimicrobial efficacy.

Phenolics-Rich Extract from Agarwood Leaf-Tea Alleviate Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Via Modulating Intestinal Barrier Function, Liver Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota.

At present, the incidence rate of ulcerative colitis (UC) continues to increase, causing a global burden. In addition, therapeutic drugs have great side effects. According to modern pharmacology, agarwood leaves have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering effects. Therefore, this experiment on DSS induced colitis treatment of polyphenolic substances in agarwood leaves is feasible and in line with the current hot topic of using natural substances instead of drugs for treatment. ALP supplementation promotes the expression of tight junction proteins occludin and Zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) on colonic tissues, repairs the intestinal barrier, and relieves further colonic tissue damage. Besides, ALP effectively inhibits the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-кB) signaling pathway and reduces the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, ALP reverses the alteration of gut microbiota in the colitic mice by increasing the abundances of Parabacteroides, Chlamydia, and Lachnospiraceae, and decreasing the abundances of Bacteroides and Phocaeicola. Furthermore, the correlation analysis suggested that ALP can attenuate DSS-induced UC, which is probably related to the alterations in the gut microbiota. ALP can ameliorate DSS-induced UC by modulating gut microbiota, intestinal barrier function, and inflammatory responses.

Saikosaponins from Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. alleviates microglial pyroptosis in depression by binding and inhibiting P2X7 expression

BackgroundThe major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous condition and characterized by a high recurrence rate, with neuroinflammation playing a significant role in its various potential pathologies. In recent years, neuronal pyroptosis induced by neuroinflammation has garnered increasing attention in depression research. Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. is depression research in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions to treat depression and exhibits notable anti-inflammatory properties. Saikosaponins (SSs) are the primary active components of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd., although their mechanism of action in relation to anti-depressive effects remains unclear. PurposeThe purpose is to evaluate the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine in treating depression through the lens of modern pharmacology. Additionally, it aims to explore the potential value of new mechanisms in the treatment of depression. Study design and methodsAn in vivo model of depression was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. HE staining, Nissl staining, and Golgi staining were used to evaluate the effectiveness of depression treatments in each group of mice. The activation of microglia was analyzed using immunofluorescence to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of drugs. In vitro models, N9 cells induced by LPS and ATP used CCK-8 assay, and lactate dehydrogenase assay were conducted to explore the therapeutic effect of the SSs. Western blot and immunohistochemical methods were employed to investigate the expression of P2X7 and apoptosis-related proteins. BzATP was introduced as a P2X7 agonist, and CETSA and CHX pulse-chase assay were utilized to verify the combined action and stability of the SSs with P2X7. Results57 triterpenoid saponin compounds were identified by Unifi in Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. In both in vivo and in vitro models, the SSs has been shown to significantly improve depression-like behavior, reduce central inflammation, and significantly inhibit neuronal pyroptosis in mice. The SSs can significantly decrease the expression of P2X7 in the brains of depressed mice and enhance the stability of P2X7 protein in N9 cells. ConclusionSSs in Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. bind and inhibit the P2X7 receptor to alleviate neuronal pyroptosis and improve symptoms of depression.

Exploring the Molecular Basis of Anticancer Activity in Various Moss Species Against Colorectal Cancer Cells

Background: Mushrooms are shown to protect against the side effects of cancer. Therefore, mushrooms with proven anticancer properties and active ingredients are fascinating in the search for new cancer drugs. Objective: In this study, the effects of extracts from Hericium coralloides (M1), Lactarius deliciosus (M2), Lepista nuda (M3), Pleurotus ostreatus (M4), and Suillus collitinus (M5) together on HCT116 were investigated. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used to study the effect on healthy cells. Methods: MTT was used to determine cell viability. Dose-response curves were generated, the IC50 values of the compounds were calculated, and the effect of the extracts was compared using it. The FTIR was used to analyze the quantitative changes of the cellular components. Results and Discussion: The evaluation of the IC50 values of all fungal species showed that they reduced the cell viability of HCT116 cells. In contrast, no significant reduction in cell viability was observed in MSCs. Changes in the ratio of cell membrane lipids, proteins, and cell nucleic acids between control and fungal-treated HCT116 cells were detected by FTIR. Many of the chemotherapeutic agents are of plant origin, and many resources should still be explored to inhibit the side effects of cancer therapy. Conclusion: The data obtained through this experiment will serve as a reference for studies to be a new source of anticancer drugs in modern pharmacology.

Genetic and phytochemical evaluation of M2 generation mutants of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) induced by gamma rays and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS).

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is highly esteemed for its therapeutic properties and is widely used in traditional medicine and modern pharmacology. Enhancing its genetic traits and phytochemical profile, particularly its trigonelline content, can significantly increase its medicinal and agricultural value. This study aims to investigate the effects of gamma rays and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) as mutagenic agents on the genetic and phytochemical characteristics of the M2 generation of fenugreek, focusing on genetic diversity and desirable trait enhancement. To achieve this, various concentrations of EMS and gamma rays were administered to fenugreek seeds, and 27 traits were assessed in the resulting M2 generation. These traits were analyzed for variance, mean values, and correlations. The genetic diversity of 23 M2 offspring was investigated using nine Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. The genetic diversity assessment involved Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and cluster analysis, utilizing the Dice similarity coefficients and the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). A Bayesian model provided deeper insights into the genetic structure. Results revealed that lower doses of gamma rays (100Gy) and EMS (0.2%) positively impacted specific traits. In comparison, higher doses (200Gy and 0.4% EMS) increased seed trigonelline content to 0.71mg/g dry weight. Among the SCoT markers, SCoT-9 was the most efficient, segregating the populations into three clusters. The first three principal components in the PCoA explained 20% of the total variance, leading to seven subgroup populations distinction. These findings underscore the potential of induced mutagenesis in enhancing desirable traits in fenugreek.

Cyclotides. Prospects for using violet oxytocin-like substances to create a new generation of pharmacological agents

This review article focuses on the use of violets and their derivatives as medicinal agents. Special attention is given to the historical aspects of using the healing properties of violets, as well as the analysis of substances derived from these plants for pharmaceutical production. The article specifically discusses oxytocin-like substances found in violets, particularly cyclotides. Cyclotides are globular microproteins with a unique head-to-tail cyclized backbone stabilized by three disulfide bonds forming a cystine knot. The chemical characteristics of cyclotides make them suitable for use as recombinant scaffolds in the design and development of ligands for G protein-coupled receptors, which are part of the modern generation of drugs. The development of ligands for bradykinin and κ-opioid receptors, which are in demand in modern pharmacology, is described in detail.

USO DA BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR NA PRODUÇÃO DE NOVOS MEDICAMENTOS

INTRODUCTION: Molecular biology, by acting in the development of biotechnological drugs, such as Zidovudine and Sofosbuvir, offers significant innovations in modern pharmacology, providing more specific and effective therapies for complex diseases. These drugs, although promising, still face challenges related to high costs and limited accessibility. The field is constantly evolving, seeking to improve the specificity and sensitivity of therapies for better prognoses. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To explore the applications of molecular biology in the production of new drugs and its impact on the creation of personalized treatments. METHODOLOGY: This work is a qualitative, exploratory bibliographic review, which analyzes 7 articles published between 2020 and 2024 on molecular biology correlated to drug development. The research used databases such as BVS, DrugBank, PubMed and others, applying rigorous criteria for their selection. RESULTS: This study analyzes the potential of molecular biology for the development of new drugs, highlighting techniques such as PCR, DNA sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9. A review highlights the importance of these approaches in personalizing therapies and identifying molecular targets, in addition to discussing the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs. Advances in molecular pharmacology offer new opportunities for more targeted and specific treatments with several drugs in complex diseases. CONCLUSION: The integrative review highlighted the importance of molecular biology techniques, such as DNA sequencing, PCR and CRISPR/Cas9, in drug development and personalized medicine, demonstrating their effectiveness in the treatment of genetic and infectious diseases. It is urgent to carry out new studies to explore the interactions of these technologies and their clinical applications, evolving towards better pharmacological treatments.

Impact of Green Tea Consumption and Its Extracts on Fat Reduction and Weight Loss

Introduction: Obesity and overweight are major health problems and challenges in the world today. It is the task of modern pharmacology, medicine and dietetics to search for new therapeutic methods to reduce body weight and body fat. Green tea has been a focus of research on its effects on weight reduction for many years. This article will analyse the available studies on the effectiveness of green tea on body weight and body fat reduction in obese and overweight people. Aim of the study: The aim of this review is to analyse the available literature in order to answer the question of whether green tea and green tea extracts (GTE) have an effect on weight loss, body fat reduction and associated metabolic processes.Materials and method: For a comprehensive review on the effects of green tea on weight and body fat reduction, we reviewed studies and literature available in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar by searching through keywords such as ‘green tea’, ‘obesity’, ‘fat’, ‘weight loss’, ‘matcha’.Conclusion: green tea and its isolated substances such as epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) appear to have a positive effect on weight and body fat reduction in obese and overweight individuals. It is likely that consumption of green tea extract increases fat oxidation during exercise. In addition, supplementation had a positive effect in a group of diabetics, polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolically stressed patients. The best effects from supplementation were obtained by those who additionally had physical activity. It is suggested that research on green tea, especially on matcha, should continue, as very little reliable research has been produced on this topic

The role of ACSL4 in stroke: mechanisms and potential therapeutic target.

Stroke, as a neurological disorder with a poor overall prognosis, has long plagued the patients. Current stroke therapy lacks effective treatments. Ferroptosis has emerged as a prominent subject of discourse across various maladies in recent years. As an emerging therapeutic target, notwithstanding its initial identification in tumor cells associated with brain diseases, it has lately been recognized as a pivotal factor in the pathological progression of stroke. Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) is a potential target and biomarker of catalytic unsaturated fatty acids mediating ferroptosis in stroke. Specifically, the upregulation of ACSL4 leads to heightened accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby exacerbating the progression of ferroptosis in neuronal cells. ACSL4 is present in various tissues and involved in multiple pathways of ferroptosis. At present, the pharmacological mechanisms of targeting ACSL4 to inhibit ferroptosis have been found in many drugs, but the molecular mechanisms of targeting ACSL4 are still in the exploratory stage. This paper introduces the physiopathological mechanism of ACSL4 and the current status of the research involved in ferroptosis crosstalk and epigenetics, and summarizes the application status of ACSL4 in modern pharmacology research, and discusses the potential application value of ACSL4 in the field of stroke.

La magia de la Farmacobiotecnología: De las magistrales a los virus recombinantes en terapia génica

In the history of societies, in general, there is a progressive evolution, which runs parallel to the progress of science and, in particular, of Medicine. Perhaps it is necessary to consider, without fear of misunderstanding, that Pharmacology has allowed us to live longer and better. If we look back, especially those of us who have had the good fortune of having a very old apothecary’s shop, where perhaps our great-grandfather was a pharmacist, a lifelong pharmacist, in an almost lost village in the former Castilla La Vieja, around the second half of the 19th century, we can better appreciate the progress that has been made. But, in addition, if the great-grandson in question chose to follow a family tradition of being an apothecary, things take on a different dimension, especially when his vocation has been of university professor in Pharmacy and of researcher in Biotechnology. Knowing that we are facing an extraordinarily novel pharmacological reality, it would seem that we are moving in the world of magic and surprise. Because the therapeutic purposes that are being pursued at the present time were unimaginable decades ago, and even less so with the current techniques, pharmaceutical forms and procedures that are a combination of the multidisciplinary activity of many specialists. In this evolution that goes from magistral formulas, of empirical utility, to new advanced therapies, areas have been born that are the combination of different knowledge, such as Pharmacobiotechnology. We also control, in part, biology in its most intimate “soul”, which is the genome, and we are able to create animal models with a specific pathology to study new drugs. Pharmacobiotechnology has made it possible to obtain recombinant therapeutic proteins in the laboratory; recombinant mono- and bispecific antibodies for the treatment of cancer and other diseases and, through new therapies, gene therapy and cell therapy, it is possible to correct alterations in the genes that give rise to many hereditary diseases. However, in this new world of modern pharmacology, which will be largely individualized, the bioethics of healing must be kept in mind, lest the new high-cost procedures can further increase social inequity. Keywords: Advances in Biomedicine; History; Biotechnology; Advanced therapies; Rare diseases

Recent advances of traditional Chinese medicine against cardiovascular disease: overview and potential mechanisms.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of human mortality worldwide. Despite Western medicine having made encouraging results in the clinical management of CVD, the morbidity, mortality, and disability rates of the disease remain high. Modern pharmacology has confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), characterized by its multi-component, multi-target, and integrity, plays a positive and important role in the prevention and treatment of various CVDs in China, which has notable advantages in stabilizing disease, improving heart function, and enhancing the quality of life. Importantly, TCM is gradually being accepted by the international community due to its low cost, high safety, versatile bioactivity, and low toxicity. Unfortunately, comprehensive studies on the therapeutic effect of TCM on CVD and its mechanisms are very limited, which may restrict the clinical application of TCM in CVD. Therefore, this review is performed to analyze the pathogenesis of CVD, including inflammatory response, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, dysbiosis of gut microbiota, etc. Moreover, we summarized the latest progress of TCM (formulas, extracts, and compounds) in curing CVD according to published literature from 2018 to 2023, as well as its mechanisms and clinical evidence. In conclusion, this review is expected to provide useful information and reference for the clinical application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of CVD and further drug development of CVD.

Cannabinol (CBN) Influences the Ion Channels and Synaptic-Related Genes in NSC-34 Cell Line: A Transcriptomic Study.

Neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and schizophrenia are associated with altered neuronal excitability, resulting from dysfunctions in the molecular architecture and physiological regulation of ion channels and synaptic transmission. Ion channels and synapses are regarded as suitable therapeutic targets in modern pharmacology. Cannabinoids have received great attention as an original therapeutic approach for their effects on human health due to their ability to modulate the neurotransmitter release through interaction with the endocannabinoid system. In our study, we explored the effect of cannabinol (CBN) through next-generation sequencing analysis of NSC-34 cell physiology. Our findings revealed that CBN strongly influences the ontologies related to ion channels and synapse activity at all doses tested. Specifically, the genes coding for calcium and potassium voltage-gated channel subunits, and the glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors (Cacna1b, Cacna1h, Cacng8, Kcnc3, Kcnd1, Kcnd2, Kcnj4, Grik5, Grik1, Slc17a7, Gabra5), were up-regulated. Conversely, the genes involved into serotoninergic and cholinergic pathways (Htr3a, Htr3b, Htr1b, Chrna3, Chrnb2, Chrnb4), were down-regulated. These findings highlight the influence of CBN in the expression of genes involved into ion influx and synaptic transmission.

The qualitative and molecular categorization for genetic diversity in Withaniasomnifera (L.) Dunal

Ashwagandha, often known as Indian ginseng, is a popular therapeutic plant in ancient Ayurvedic medicine. Its roots and leaves have adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Traditional medicine mainly relies on ashwagandha, a powerful medicinal plant with alkaloids and withanolides. This study investigates the genetic diversity and qualitative characteristics of 29 Withania somnifera L. genotypes, using RAPD markers to guide breeding strategies. Plant components from several Indian locations were grown in a randomized block design. Genomic DNA was isolated using a modified C-TAB technique and analyzed with 33 RAPD markers, revealing high variability (PIC values ranging from 0.154 to 0.985). Growth habit, leaf shape and color, flower color, berry color, and root color were among the qualitative qualities found, with intermediate and erect growth styles, mostly ovate leaf forms, and a wide range of leaf and flower colors. Genetic analysis revealed substantial polymorphism, with a UPGMA dendrogram clustering the genotypes into eight distinct groups, indicating diverse genetic backgrounds. The qualitative and molecular characterization of genetic variation in ashwagandha sheds light on the variability and adaptability of this essential therapeutic plant. Understanding and utilizing this variability allows researchers and breeders to improve the conservation, breeding, and long-term usage of ashwagandha, assuring its continued value in traditional medicine and modern pharmacology. This genetic diversity plays an essential role in breeding initiatives aiming to improve production, quality, and stress resilience. The study emphasizes the necessity of leveraging this variety through advanced breeding and biotechnology technologies to create superior Ashwagandha cultivars, maximize their therapeutic value, and assure long-term cultivation.

The Multifaceted Therapeutic Profile of Madecassoside: A Scholarly Review

Medicinal plants are indispensable in both modern and traditional healthcare, offering a diverse array of bioactive compounds with therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. They provide accessible and affordable treatment options and play a crucial role in drug discovery, enhancing holistic health and promoting biodiversity conservation. Ongoing scientific research continues to validate and expand their applications in contemporary medicine, underscoring their enduring significance. Centella asiatica, a medicinal plant known for its therapeutic properties in traditional medicine and increasingly recognized in modern pharmacology for various health benefits. Madecassoside, stands out as a phytoactive constituent of Centella asiatica, renowned for its wide-ranging pharmacological properties, encompassing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound-healing, and skin-protective effects. The present review illuminates madecassoside's pharmacological properties and its mechanistic roles, as documented by various researchers. Keywords: Madecassoside, Centella asiatica, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound-healing

Integrating Ayurvedic philosophy with modern technologies for drug research and development: A critical need of mechanistic insights for wider acceptability

Ayurveda is a holistic science emphasizing healing and maintaining harmony and balance in the body. Medicines from natural resources and in pre-defined dosage forms are integral parts of successful Ayurvedic treatment in various diseases including complex ailments, such as cancer. Ayurvedic medicines are cocktails of several active phyto-compounds and/or natural resources and no isolated/purified molecules are used in the treatment. However, various unique methods employed using natural media, such as water, lipids, buttermilk, and lemon juice, just to name a few, lead to the elimination of unwanted constituents/impurities and enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of the drug. Such plausible alterations, selection, and/or retention of signature phytocompounds in the raw materials, during the process, and in the final drug need to be studied for precise product identification and analysis. Critical standardization of the manufacturing procedures is, therefore, mandatory for quality fidelity, assurance, and optimum efficacy. Moreover, the simultaneous multi-level and/or multi-targeted actions of Ayurvedic medicines against various dysfunctions due to their complex nature makes it extremely challenging to understand the mechanistic aspects during pre-clinical and clinical studies.The present article focuses on probable challenges and ideal roadmaps for standardization and characterization of such herbal as well as metallic-mineral Ayurvedic medicines being used for various simple and complex diseases like cancer and their treatments. It is emphasized that Ayurvedic manufacturing procedures should be followed meticulously and the finished product be characterized thoroughly using advanced pharmaceutical and analytical techniques. It is also accentuated that detailed monographs or dossiers including shelf-life studies need to be officially published for knowledge dissemination and worldwide acceptance. Finally, safety and efficacy studies as per modern pharmacology ought to be conducted in suitable animal models for the judicious use of these medicines. Mainstream or adjuvant treatment of dreadful diseases such as cancer with Ayurvedic medicines will only be fruitful through rational experimentation and ethical reporting.

Natural Products and Traditional Medicine: Investigating the Role of Natural Products and Traditional Medicine in Modern Pharmacology

Natural products and Traditional medicines have been in the use for effective management of diseases and care of human suffering for the last thousands of years and are depicted to contain a vast database of Bioactive molecules of immense therapeutic significance. The following paper’s purpose is to reflect on these practice in arts of pharmacology with regards to their history, origin, operation, and challenges in the modern world. These are plant compounds, animal, and minerals and how they have been used in former time and even in this 21st century. Modern trends and novel approaches suggest that new technologies in the genomics, proteomics and metabolomics will change the direction of the natural products research emphasizing molecular targeting as well as the individual approach towards patient treatment. It also talks about the problems of standardization and quality of the work done; therefore there is a great emphasis on the clinical trial they also go further to address rules that govern the application of such technologies. Secondly, the expansion in the usage of complementary medicine and integrative approach with natural substances in treating diseases, as well as attempts to educate doctors and other healthcare practitioners on the merits of traditional medicine. Hence, the focus of future prospects continues to be laid on advanced technologies and the role of global multilateralism in progress and regulation. The author has demonstrated a lot more about modern pharmacology within this review and is making a call for assimilation of the modern discovery with native knowledge for the benefit of mankind.