Modern Occupation Research Articles

The Wars of Liberation in Prussian Memory: Reflections on the Memorialization of War in Early Nineteenth-Century Germany

Previous articleNext article No AccessThe Wars of Liberation in Prussian Memory: Reflections on the Memorialization of War in Early Nineteenth-Century GermanyChristopher ClarkChristopher Clark Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 68, Number 3Sep., 1996 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/245342 Views: 24Total views on this site Citations: 17Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1996 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Sebastian P. Górka Problem instytucji wojskowych w szkicach politycznych Carla von Clausewitza w latach 1816‑1823, Politeja 11, no.6 (32)6 (32) (Dec 2014): 261–286.https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.11.2014.32.15Gordon Cromley, Chris Post The Preservation of Paradox: Bismarck Towers as National Metaphor and Local Reality, (Mar 2020): 229–245.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37569-0_14Mark Burford Brahms’s Sybel: The Politics and Practice of Prussian Nationalist History, Nineteenth-Century Music Review 16, no.33 (Oct 2018): 417–439.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479409818000083Bastian Matteo Scianna A predisposition to brutality? German practices against civilians and francs-tireurs during the Franco-Prussian war 1870–1871 and their relevance for the German ‘military Sonderweg ’ debate, Small Wars & Insurgencies 30, no.4-54-5 (Aug 2019): 968–993.https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2019.1638551Duncan Kelly August Ludwig von Rochau and Realpolitik as historical political theory, Global Intellectual History 3, no.33 (Oct 2017): 301–330.https://doi.org/10.1080/23801883.2017.1387331Karsten Holste, Dietlind Hüchtker Die bewaffnete Heldin 1813–1913–2013: Wahrnehmungen, Deutungen und Gedächtnis, (Jul 2018): 47–68.https://doi.org/10.7788/9783412504670-004Christine Haynes Remembering and Forgetting the First Modern Occupations of France, The Journal of Modern History 88, no.33 (Aug 2016): 535–571.https://doi.org/10.1086/687527Leighton S. James The Experience of Demobilization: War Veterans in the Central European Armies and Societies after 1815, (Jan 2016): 68–83.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-40649-1_4MARK HEWITSON ON WAR AND PEACE: GERMAN CONCEPTIONS OF CONFLICT, 1792–1815, The Historical Journal 57, no.22 (May 2014): 447–483.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X14000028Karen Hagemann Celebrating War and Nation: Gender, Patriotism and Festival Culture during and after the Prussian Wars of Liberation, (Jan 2010): 284–304.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230283046_15Leighton S. James For the Fatherland? The Motivations of Austrian and Prussian Volunteers during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, (Jan 2010): 40–58.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230290525_3Steven Michael Press False Fire: The Wartburg Book-Burning of 1817, Central European History 42, no.44 (Nov 2009): 621–646.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008938909991014Mark Jones From Caporetto to Garibaldiland : interventionist war culture as a culture of defeat, European Review of History: Revue europeenne d'histoire 15, no.66 (Dec 2008): 659–674.https://doi.org/10.1080/13507480802500400Anne Sirand Bibliographie, (Jan 2008): 299–324.https://doi.org/10.3917/dec.blanc.2008.01.0299KAREN HAGEMANN Gendered images of the German nation: the Romantic painter Friedrich Kersting and the patriotic-national discourse during the Wars of Liberation, Nations and Nationalism 12, no.44 (Oct 2006): 653–679.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8129.2006.00261.xKatherine Aaslestad Remembering and Forgetting: The Local and the Nation in Hamburg's Commemorations of the Wars of Liberation, Central European History 38, no.33 (Dec 2008): 384–416.https://doi.org/10.1163/156916105775563634Richard Will The Characteristic Symphony in the Age of Haydn and Beethoven, 4/2 (Jan 2010).https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511481895

The Scheduled Castes

This exhaustively documented reference, which includes information on all of the Scheduled Castes of India including their 445 segments and 306 territorial units, is the most comprehensive volume of its kind. Based on first-hand surveys and questionnaires, it represents as accurate a list of India's Scheduled Castes as can currently be made. It reveals a highly heterogeneous profile of Scheduled Caste communities, which are spread across the country and have little control over resources such as land, forest, and water. It also shows the persistence of untouchability in many areas, and the variable measures of equality that have been achieved in the struggle for social mobility by the Scheduled Castes. This volume also documents the increasing entrance of Scheduled Castes into modern occupations. As a result, a new sense of self-respect is emerging--replacing some of the old myths which sought to legitimize their degradation.

先端産業と労働衛生

先端産業と労働衛生

Economic Change, Disasters, and Migration: The Historical Case of Manchuria

The migration to Manchuria (Northeast China) from the North China provinces of Hebei and Shandong between 1890 and 1942 was one of the world's largest population movements in the early twentieth century. With an average annual flow of 500,000 people and a total net population transfer of over 8 million, the migration was comparable in size to the westward movement in the United States between 1880 and 1950.' It was roughly twice as large as the great nineteenth-century emigration from Ireland, and its peak years in the late 1920s and early 1940s rivaled the heaviest flow of European immigration to the United States in the mid-nineteenth century.2 The migration was the labor component of far-reaching changes in economic structure that were set in motion by the introduction of modern transportation forms in China. Railway networks were established in China around the turn of the century, creating for many inland regions the first rapid, inexpensive means of transporting goods to other inland areas and to seaports, which were experiencing a rapid growth in steamship traffic at the same time. Most migrants were drawn by higher-paying jobs in areas where the value of the marginal product of labor in both premodern and modern occupations was increased by the lower cost of modern transportation. The movement was not, however, simply a mass transfer of people from a premodern sector to a modern one. In fact, most migrants found work in Manchuria in premodern occupations, mainly in agriculture. Furthermore, at least 70% of the migrants were unaccompanied men in their 20s and 30s, who left their families only temporarily,3 in effect behaving as long-term commuters, a practice that has been described in other contexts as circular migration.4 The majority worked in Manchuria for several years, remitting as much of their earnings as possible to their families, then eventually returned to their

From the One-Room Schoolhouse to the Graded School: Teaching in Vermont, 1910-1950

Because Vermont is a decidedly rural state it is a useful site for research into a particular aspect of the history of the teaching occupation: the transition from the easy-entry occupation of educating children in one-room schoolhouses to the more modern occupation of working within the structure of graded schools. The consolidation of public schools occurred very late in Vermont. Its geography (mountains, farms, isolated towns) and climate (snow in winter, mud in spring) worked in combination with a fierce tradition of local control to maintain small schools not only within each small town, but also within the numerous recognized subdivisions of these towns. In 1900 there were only ninety graded schools in the state out of a total of 2,410 schools; in 1939 there were still only 185 graded schools out of a total of 1,200 schools.1 Not until the 1950's did the movement to eliminate the country schools gain sufficient impetus to have a real impact on either the kind of education available to the majority of Vermont schoolchildren or the kind of occupational involvement available to those women (and men) who taught in the state. A process lost to oral history in more urbanized areas is still open to this methodology in Vermont where women are alive whose careers included time in both kinds of schools. These women can answer questions about the effect of this transition from country to consolidated schools on their own lives and on their attitudes toward the work involved.2 When I note that the methodology of oral history can be used for such a study, I understate the role of oral history in defining the issue itself. I began this research with a question from my own sociological training. I was interested in knowing whether the occupation of school teaching attracted different kinds of individuals in its two forms. A couple of interviews with the individuals themselves taught me that I was overlooking the now obvious fact that although the occupation might have drawn on essentially different populations at different times, some individual careers spanned the transition itself. Close study of the interview tapes further suggested a particular pattern about this transition. The majority of the women who had taught in both one-room and graded schools had unambivalent preferences for one occupational environment or the other. That is, rather than noting some positive and some negative features of each of the two kinds of jobs, the women were clearly divided into two groups: those who found the one-room schools the ideal work environment and those who far preferred the graded schools. In what follows I first describe my methodology for this study; I then turn my attention to two sets of questions raised by the interviews. The first set has to do with the different attitudes towards the transition itself: what aspects of the occupation do those who preferred the country schools stress? What did they feel they and the occupation had lost when they were moved from one-room to graded schools? And conversely, what aspects of the occupation are emphasized by those women who found the transition to be a positive experience? What do they feel they gained? The second set of questions has to do with understanding why the reactions to the transition are so neatly dichotomized. What differentiates these two groups of women? What can account for their very different reactions to the same event? I want to emphasize that I am looking at the satisfactions the occupation held for those employed in it and not at its effects on the

Autumn incidence of suicides re-examined: data from Finland by sex, age and occupation.

The seasonal variation in suicides in Finland during the period 1961-1976 was examined using individual records from 16,312 death certificates and time-series analysis. De-trended figures show that suicides are usually concentrated in early summer but a secondary rise in the late part of the year is noted, particularly in females, among those aged 15-24 years and in the highest and lowest (i.e. unknown) social classes. In modern occupations (technical, administrative, clerical, sales and service work) suicides usually occur in late autumn. It is suggested that the original seasonal peak in suicides lies in spring-summer, while the autumn peak is of later origin and typical of those living in a man-made environment.

Modernization and sex roles: The status of women in the Thai bureaucracy

Modernization is conceptualized as a change in socially sanctioned roles. This study investigates the repatterning of sex and occupational roles in the modernizing bureaucracy of Thailand. Although Thai women have traditionally participated actively in family and economic life, such freedom and equality with males has not been carried over into modern occupations. Female Thai civil servants have lower positions and are paid less than their male counterparts with comparable preparation and accomplishments; and the females make greater sacrifices in family roles. Yet women express greater satisfaction with their civil service jobs than men. Explanations for these findings are suggested.

The industrial work force of young women in Taiwan

Young women's participation in industry in Taiwan has increased phenomenally since the mid- 1960s due to the development of light industry for export, notably the textile and electronics industries. The number of women employed as workers in manufacturing increased 3.2 times in the decade 1965 to 1974, while the total population of women over 15 years of age increased 37.5 percent. Table 1 shows the shift in employment by age category, from 1965 to 1977. Most notably, the percentage of employed young women occupied in manufacturing has nearly tripled, and the average age of women in agriculture has increased by almost six years. Of course as the large cohorts born in the early 1950s reached their teens and early twenties, the numbers of young women available for employment swelled. This younger generation has received education of at least primary school level, and a majority have also completed also junior or senior high school; employment as a salaried worker in industry or commerce after junior high school graduation has become a predominant life pattern for young women. In contrast, most women of the previous generation received primary or less education, and now remain in farm households, in family businesses, in petty own-account sales, or do putting-out work such as knitting and finishing while they care for their families. The modern occupations of unmarried women are most succinctly shown in data from the island-wide sample survey carried out by the Taiwan Provincial Family Planning Institute in late 1971. Although the sample included women aged 18 to 29, 90 percent of the unmarried women were under 23 years old (Table 2).

Smokejumper Initiation: Ritualized Communication in a Modern Occupation

Smokejumper Initiation: Ritualized Communication in a Modern Occupation

O homem e o equilíbrio ecológico regional na Amazônia brasileira

In this research the author demonstrates that it is possible to occupy the Amazonia cautiously, throughout a colonization process which would not damage the ecological conditions of the region. Starting from the point that the population of the Amazónia is a small one and that is distributed in the region in great dispersion, according to hydrographic net, the author calls the attention to the consequent problems of the exploitation of vegetal coai and to the exploitation of woods, to the capture of the sylvan animais, to the fishing in the rivers and lakes, getting to modern occupation based on immigration and agriculture in one of the most favorable areas of Amazonia, because of its localization near to the city of Belem, were a great consuming market would be available, the Bragantina Region of the State of Para. Further, the author presents more recent enterprises such as Jari S/A., Pirelli and Good-Year and their exemples, and the enterprise of Tomé-Acu and Paragominas, correlating them with facts that were studied by the author in Tropical África. The main problem to face, is of man himself, who doesn’t still have a colonizing mentality. Concludes exemplefying that the fixation of man to the soil depends mainly on several items of cultural order and that the ecological defense of Amazonia is connected with the behavior of researchers, who in direct connection with the geographer, the economist, the sanitarist, the pedologist, etc., should always have a forest engenier among them in order to have structured a colonization process which shall avoid the transformation of the Amazónia into another desert created by man.

The perception of prestige differences among medical subspecialities

Modern occupations and professions are increasingly becoming internally differentiated into specialities on the basis of skills, education, roles, and behavior. This is probably most apparent in the field of medicine. Specializations are also an important basis for intra-occupational prestige rankings. This paper provides examination of the differential prestige accorded various medical specialities by practicing physicians in a metropolitan medical community. A comparison with an earlier study of prestige is also made, and the implications of prestige differences for intra-occupational interaction and organizational change are explored.

Purdah in Pakistan: Seclusion and Modern Occupations for Women

The purdah system, which limits a woman's mobility outside her home, may be an extreme example of highly segregated systems of sex role allocation, but shows many fundamental features in common with other societies. Purdah is an important institution among Muslims in Pakistan and India, but has not been well studied, partly because secluded women are inaccessible to male researchers. The purdah system is related to status, the division of labor, interpersonal dependency, social distance and the maintenance of moral standards; the two conceptual formulations used to analyze the system with reference to these factors are separate worlds and symbolic shelter. In the present paper, special emphasis is placed on the influence of purdah observance and values on women's participation in modern occupations. Medicine and teaching are found to be the most important high prestige occupations for educated women because of the special needs of a female clientele in a sex-segregated system.

Some Consequences of Women's Emancipation

The paper describes two kinds of consequences of women's emancipation from the family. The increasing number of educated and working women (1) makes contacts between adult men and women outside the family more frequent and (2) influences the statuses of both male and female professionals and wives of men in these professions. The contacts of male and female employees are rather infrequent and formal in the two factories studied in a small industrial town in the middle of Finland. Only white-collar women interact frequently with male colleagues. Women prefer men's company more often than men do women's. Men are also more afraid of the consequences of men's and women's interaction for peace in the family. Men's attitudes may be functional for the family but dysfunctional from the point of view of working women by excluding them from the company of most of their co-workers. The relative prestige of professional women compared with that of the men is lower in the traditional than in the modern occupations. The wives' prestige is significantly lower than that of professional women especially in the upper social strata. The prestige of the wives is most devalued by white-collar women employees, who rank the professional women highest. This is an example of the general tendency to maximize one's own group's rank. The erotic ranks of upper-class wives have been traditionally supposed to be high. The white-collar women workers may try to compensate their lower erotic ranks based on the husbands' status by stressing the importance of professional achievements of women.

Book Review: Modern Occupational Medicine

Book Review: Modern Occupational Medicine

Modern Occupational Medicine

Journal Article Modern Occupational Medicine Get access Modern Occupational Medicine. Edited by A. J. Fleming, M.Sc., M.D., F.A.C.P., Medical Director and C. A. D'Alonzo, M.D.,F.A.C.P., Assistant Medical Director, Medical Division. Associate Editor, J. A. Zapp, Ph.D., Director, Haskell Laboratory for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. Cloth, illus., 587 pp. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1960. $$12.00 John H. Kuitert, COLONEL, MC John H. Kuitert, COLONEL, MC 1Post Surgeon Fort Lewis, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Physical Therapy, Volume 41, Issue 7, July 1961, Page 542, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/41.7.542 Published: 01 July 1961

MODERN OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE—A. J. Fleming, M.D., and C. A. D'Alonzo, M.D., Editors; J. A. Zapp, Ph.D., Associate Editor, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1960, 587 pages, $12.00

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ArticleNo AccessMODERN OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE—A. J. Fleming, M.D., and C. A. D'Alonzo, M.D., Editors; J. A. Zapp, Ph.D., Associate Editor, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1960, 587 pages, $12.00Alan A. McLeanAlan A. McLeanSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.12.6.39-aAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail "MODERN OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE—A. J. Fleming, M.D., and C. A. D'Alonzo, M.D., Editors; J. A. Zapp, Ph.D., Associate Editor, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1960, 587 pages, $12.00." Psychiatric Services, 12(6), pp. 39-a–40 Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - Psychiatric Services $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - Psychiatric Services Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited byNone Volume 12Issue 6 June 1961Pages 39-a-40 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 April 2006 Published in print 1 June 1961

Modern Occupational Medicine—

This publication represents an extensive revision of the first edition, published in 1954, and the addition of new chapters. Among the 23 contributors, all of the du Pont organization, are medical administrators, psychiatrists, a surgeon, a dermatologist, chemical engineers, industrial hygiene engineers, a toxicologist, a lawyer, and a statistician. The authors have slanted their contributions toward the chemical industry where toxicological hazards are important, as evidenced by their recommendation of a full-time physician in a plant of 1,000 employees. Nevertheless, the principles of organization and procedures, as expressed in this book, are generally applicable. The toxicity and biological action of chemicals, singly and in groups, are described, as well as the treatment of accidental poisoning. This authoritative and well-rounded book is a valuable source of information not only for industrial physicians but also for all persons concerned with occupational health, including physicians in rural areas who deal with the farmer

Book Review: Modern Occupational Medicine

Book Review: Modern Occupational Medicine

1. Modern Occupational Medicine. 2. Occupational Diseases and Industrial Medicine.

1. Modern Occupational Medicine. 2. Occupational Diseases and Industrial Medicine.

MODERN OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE

a hematologist or experienced laboratory technologist. W. M. Fowler, M.D. Modern Occupational Medicine. Edited by A. J. Fleming, M.Sc., M.D., F.A.C.P., and C. A. D'Alonzo, M.D., F.A.C.P. Associate Editor: J. A. Zapp, Ph.D. Price, not stated. Pp. 587, with 66 illustrations. Lea & Febiger, 600 S. Washington Sq., Philadelphia 6, 1960. Like many books with multiple contributors, this one suffers from unevenness in the quality of the chapters presented and in spottiness in covering the field. There is a detailed and excellent survey on occupational chest diseases, but also almost no mention of other organ systems. The chapters on psychiatry are of variable usefulness, but some very interesting concepts unique to industrial psychiatry are explained. Psychosomatic dermatology is well covered, but other psychosomatic areas are barely touched. In spite of a large section