Modern Muslim Research Articles

NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM PEMIKIRAN FILSAFAT MOHAMMAD IQBAL

Muhammad Iqbal is a modern Muslim philosopher-poet who, conceptually and philosophically, does not have a detailed formulation of Islamic educational concepts. However, implicitly, based on his fundamental views on humanity, particularly his philosophical thoughts on the ego, a dynamic, innovative, and vitalistic concept of Islamic educational thought can be reconstructed. The genealogy of Islamic educational values in Iqbal's philosophical thought is rooted in his ideas about humanity, especially his perspective on the story of Adam, the concept of ego, and the perfect human (insan kamil). Based on this, fundamental issues in humanities studies related to education can be identified: innate potential, freedom, and the essence of humanity. The construction of Islamic educational values in Muhammad Iqbal's philosophical thought includes: values of monotheistic education, values of moral education, values of rational education (intelligence), and values of social education. All of these educational values also originate from Iqbal's view of the liberated ego, constantly progressing towards perfection, which is Allah SWT. Keywords: Values; Islamic Education; Philosophical Thought; Iqbal.

Beyond Colonial Rupture: Print Culture and the Emergence of Muslim Modernity in Nineteenth-Century South Asia

Abstract Scholarly discussions on Islam in print have focused predominantly on the role of Urdu in the development of North Indian Muslim publics (Dubrow, 2018; Robb, 2020), ʿulama and Islamic jurisprudence (Tareen, 2020) and relations between Islam and colonial modernity (Robinson, 2008; Osella & Osella, 2008) This special issue instead offers fine-grained investigations on technology and labour; print landscapes, networks and actors; subaltern languages; and popular Islam. We critique the idea of an “epistemic rupture” brought about by colonial modernity, providing a more systematic analysis of continuities and changes in Islamic knowledge economy. Examining two centuries of print authored by South Asian Muslims, the articles in the issue provide new ways of thinking about questions of knowledge production, distribution, circulation and reception. The issue broadens the scope of earlier scholarship, examining genres such as cosmology, divination, devotional poems, salacious songs, romances and tales of war in Urdu, Persian, Arabic, dobhāṣī do Bangla, Arabic Malayalam, Sindhi, Balochi and Brahui. The articles show the different ways that pre-colonial practices and cultures of writing and reading persisted in the print landscape, in terms of copying, adaptation, translation and circulation of texts. They inquire into new technologies, labour and networks that evolved, and how it provided fertile ground for both new and traditional forms of religious activities and authorities. The articles present new Muslim publics, geographies, and imaginaries forged through the vernacularisation of Islam, and their relationship to the transnational or global community.

DYNAMICS OF THE HUJJAH OF HADITH FROM THE CLASSICAL ERA TO CONTEMPORARY (Study of the Impact of Modernist Muslim Thought)

DYNAMICS OF THE HUJJAH OF HADITH FROM THE CLASSICAL ERA TO CONTEMPORARY (Study of the Impact of Modernist Muslim Thought)

Role of Religion in a Modern Muslim State: A Debate on the Objectives Resolution

Role of Religion in a Modern Muslim State: A Debate on the Objectives Resolution

The Historical Debate Over The Prophet's Marriage With Zainab Binti Jaĥsyi

One of the Prophet's life histories that has become the subject of scholarly study is his marriage to Zainab bint Jaĥsyi. Zainab bint Jaĥsyi is the wife of Zaid bin Ĥāritsah who has been divorced, while Zaid is a slave (maulā) who has been appointed as the adopted son of the Prophet. The marriage of the Prophet and Zainab further reaffirmed the absence of a binding biological relationship (nasab) between father and adopted son and its legal consequences in Islam. This discussion intends to examine more deeply how classical and modern Muslim historians review the history of the marriage of Zaid bin Ĥāritsah and Zainab bint Jaĥsyi. The approach is carried out comparatively by comparing several kinds of literature (library research) such as Al-Sīrah Al-Nabawiyah Li Ibni Hisyām, Tārīkh Al-Thābarī, Siyaru 'A'lam Nubalā, Thabaqāt Al-Kubrā, and also modern history books such as Ĥayātu Muhammad and history Prophet Muhammad written by Muhammad Quraish Shihab. This study's results indicate weaknesses in classical historical writing when taking narrations whose authenticity is doubtful, giving rise to inappropriate assumptions in using the Prophet's reasons for marrying Zainab bint Jaĥsyi. The modern historical view seeks to provide logical arguments against the motivation and purpose of the Prophet's marriage and its impact on the formation of Islamic law regarding the relationship between father and adopted son.

Концепт «историческое время» в современном либеральном исламе: от философии темпоральности к политике памяти

In this article, the author examines the main features of the perception of historical time in the Arab, Iranian and Indonesian Muslim intellectual traditions in a comparative perspective. The purpose of the article is to analyze the images of "historical time" and its derivatives in the modern liberal segment of the Ummah. Therefore, the author analyzes 1) the peculiarities of the perception of historical time by liberal Muslim intellectuals, 2) the directions of assimilation of Western humanitarian methodology, 3) the prospects for transforming the perception of historical time in the modern humanitarian situation through the prism of rising interdisciplinarity. The article shows that 1) the liberal trend in the ummah demonstrates a wide range of perception of historical time, 2) historical time in Islam is perceived pluralistically, 3) the interpretation of historical time in liberal Islam is dependent on the cultural characteristics of the ummah. Methodologically, the article is based on the principles proposed in interdisciplinary historiography, proposed in intellectual history and new cultural history through the prism of imaginative and interventionist turns. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of common and unique features of the perception of historical time and its derivatives by modern Muslim liberal intellectuals. The results of the study suggest that 1) Islam has become an important factor in the perception of "historical time", 2) the categories of “event history” and “historical progress” are reduced to the history of the progressive development and spread of Islam, 3) the transplantation of Western interdisciplinary epistemology has become an important factor in the invention of historical time. In general, the article shows that historical time is perceived as a symbolic space for localizing the key moments of the historical memory of the Muslim Ummah. The author believes that the imagination of historical time through the prism of modernity reduces history to the actual present, perceived in terms of the realization of the mission of Islam, associated with the achievement of its global dominance.

Revivalism and Decoloniality: The Paradox of Modernization without Westernization in the Political Theology of Israr Ahmad

This article explores the contribution of modern Muslim revivalism to Muslims’ political decolonization, and the paradoxical role the West plays in that process. On the one hand, revivalism rejects the founding principles of liberal political theory, and on the other hand, it readily adopts the salient structures and mechanisms of the modern polity with a view to Islamize them, all the while insisting on the Muslims’ need to de-Westernize. Toward revealing the hitherto neglected dimensions of revivalism, my analysis adopts an unconventional route by subjecting revivalism to a semiotic analysis in conversation with the archetypal theories of Mircea Eliade and Carl G. Jung. The analysis unveils the universal psychological structures of revival, and their specific Muslim symbolization. I conclude (a) that depth psychology makes modern Muslim revival inevitable, which will only grow stronger and gain wider appeal while the Muslims continue to suffer decline; (b) that among the different forms of Muslim revival, revivalism ventures the farthest in decolonizing Muslim political imagination; (c) that the revivalist imagination makes their espoused caliphate imperative for the purpose of ritual participation in Islam’s sacred origins; and (d) that a critical reconstruction and evolution of revivalism holds out the promise of a greater contribution to Muslim decolonization. For my analysis, I largely turn to the Pakistani political theologian Israr Ahmad (d. 2010), whose ideas have been disseminated widely across the Muslim world, yet who has not received the requisite academic scrutiny. Moreover, intra-revivalist critique of revivalism has been a neglected aspect in the study of revival, and its careful scrutiny should become a topic of investigation in its own right. In that regard, Ahmad offers a most important critique of earlier revival efforts and their entanglement with certain aspects of coloniality.

Worldview Islam dalam Aktualisasi Moderasi Beragama yang Berkemajuan di Era Disrupsi Digital

The development of one's understanding will be very relevant to efforts to make improvements and changes. Worldview Islam means that Muslims use their religious understanding in actualizing progressive and constructive religious moderation which can balance the effect of digital disruption. Digital disruption has brought about an era filled with challenges, crises and threats. On the other hand, it provides hope, a great opportunity for the dissemination of knowledge, especially in the context of Muslims as agents of moderation and drivers of civilization. This article contains how Muslims need to formulate ways and future agendas to develop an Islamic worldview by enriching the tarjih method to actualize progressive religious moderation in an era of digital disruption in every sector. Digital disruption should be able to provide added value from the actualization of modern Muslims who are still able to align it with the guidelines from the al-Quran and as-Sunnah. Digital disruption should be able to become a medium for increasing public literacy towards the universal ethical values ??offered by Islam.

The Falsafa Prophetology in Modernist Discourse

The article shows how the concept of «natural prophecy», which developed within the framework of Falsafa (the Hellenizing philosophy of classical Islam) and traditionally qualifi ed as heterodox, was revived in the works of Muslim modernists of the 19th-20th centuries (especially Jamalad-din al-Afghani, Muhammad Abdo and their followers), who focused on the reconstruction of theological discourse in the spirit of openness to religious and confessional diversity, scientifi c rationality and socio-cultural progress. In reformist theology were accumulated both rational substantiations of prophetism, which were characteristic of Falsafa: (1) socio-teleological, proceeding from the necessity of a prophet as a legislator, and (2) psycho-noetic, which appeals to the presence of a man with the ultimate exalted soul, especially in terms of intellectual intuition and creative imagination. Developing the Falsafa’s thesis about two types of miracle as proof of the authencity of prophetic missions — «external» (material) and «adequate» (spiritual), modernists teach about the Quranic message as focusing exclusively on the second type. This marks the transition of humanity to the phase of adulthood, and with it the «sealing of the prophethood».

BETWEEN TRADITIONALIST AND MODERNIST: THE ISLAMIC REFORMATION OF HAJI ABDUL LATIF SYAKUR IN MINANGKABAU IN THE 20TH CENTURY

This paper discusses the thoughts of Haji Abdul Latif Syakur in the context of Islamic reform in Minangkabau in the twentieth century. He is a figure who cannot be associated with traditional Islam or modern Islam. Haji Abdul Latif Syakur was able to become a traditionalist and modernist Muslim at the same time. In Islamic thought, traditionalists and modernists are not contradictory to each other. This study answers the Islamic views of Haji Abdul Latif Syakur and his position on the dichotomy of traditionalist and modernist Islamic thought. This study shows that Haji Abdul Latif Syakur was involved in Islamic reform efforts in Minangkabau in the early twentieth century. His thoughts of reform went beyond modernist ideas and his Islamic view was also not the same as traditionalist. He has an independent Islamic perspective. This study concludes that apart from traditionalists and modernists, other groups have participated in shaping Islamic buildings in Minangkabau. This third group is accepted by two other groups, traditionalists and modernists. This research is qualitative research with historical and sociological approaches. The focus of the research is the work of Haji Abdul Latif Syakur which is related to the theme of the idea of ​​Islamic reform.

Sloboda kao ideal islama?

This paper provides an overview of different understandings of the concept of freedom in classical and contemporary Islam. In classical Islam dominates dichotomy of legal and moral freedom. In the first case, freedom is defined as the opposite of (legal) slavery, and in the second, as freedom from desires and worldly interests. In Muslim modernity, freedom implies mostly negative freedom: freedom from the colonial boot, and later from various local despots. In Islam, as in other monotheistic traditions, the concept of freedom is understood as “the submission of the individual to divine law and order.” This is a characteristic monotheistic “paradox of freedom”: only those who obey God are free. Hence, “the Islamic concept of freedom differs from the Western concept, both in terms of assumptions and content.”

Metaphysical Impact of Concealed beings on Man: A Thematic Study in the light of the Qur’an

The two worlds were made by Allah swt the physically visible world and the metaphysically invisible realm according to Muslim Theology. The unseen ‘Al-Ghayb’ means the things that cannot be perceived by the five senses or hidden or concealed from the human eye. Some modern Muslim theologians have the misperceptions concerning the ‘unseen creatures’ and their consequences or influences on humans mentioned in Quran which guides that these ‘unseen creatures’ may lead man towards the disturbance in the human nature as well as assistance to the man which effects man’s life. To belief in ghayb is the central element of Muslim’s belief. Invisible beings are made in the world entities that are invisible to the human eye be present in a world that is parallel to the physical world. The Qur'an and the literature of the Hadiths both feature stories about these creatures. The present study's focus is on determining whether the nature of invisible beings is good or evil, as well as how they interact with the physical world. Unseen creatures make people’s devastation and spoil their hearts and thoughts too to ruin their selves. There are invisible creatures that contribute to make man’s life and assist during the course of man’s life. The importance of studying the invisible beings is such that Allah SW addressed its final revelation due to its significance and impact on human beings.

Analysis Of Umer Chapra Thought on Islamic Monetary Instruments in Indonesia: A Vector Autoregressive (VAR) And Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Approach

Economic growth and exchange rate stability are each state's goals in the Islamic monetary system. Therefore, there is a need to develop effective instruments to support the achievement of the monetary objectives. This study aimed to determine the effect of Islamic monetary instruments variables proposed by Umer Chapra on economic growth and exchange rate stability in Indonesia, the amount of influence of each variable, and how significant the influence exerted by each variable. M. Umer Chapra is a Modern Muslim economist trying to popularise the Islamic economic system, including the Islamic monetary policy. The originality of the paper lies in its combination of various statistical tests and analyses to examine the relationships among the variables studied. Through utilising VAR/VECM approach, the results showed that deposit money has a negative impact on economic growth while M0 and SRR provide a positive impact. However, for the stability of the exchange rate, all variables (LNM0, LNDM and SRR) shows a negative trend towards exchange rate stability.

Contemporary Islamic Socialism: Conceptual Debate and Practical Implementation

<p>Socialism and Islam, or Islamic socialism, are two streams of thought that have continued to develop in Middle Eastern and North African societies for centuries. These two streams frequently reinforce each other. This article examines the debate and practical implementation of Islamic socialism in the thought of contemporary Muslim philosophers such as Jamal al-Dīn al-Afghanī, Salamah Mūsa, Muṣṭafa al-Sibaʽī, and ‘Ali Sharī‘atī. This study used a comparative approach by exploring primary sources from contemporary Muslim thinkers who are the subject of the study. The findings showed that socialist Islamic thinkers have creative and original thought patterns. They intensively and comprehensively explored Islamic teachings and traditions to explain and build a complete ‘Islamic Socialism’, not just a patchwork between ‘Socialism’ and ‘Islam’. In addition, some intellectuals from the modern Muslim world created theoretical ideas and showed how Islamic socialism was implemented and realized in the form of institutions.</p>

Educational Intervention on Character Gradation of Digital Muslim Adolescents According to Al-Qur'an Surah Adz-Dzariyat Verse 56.

Education is the recognition of the truth that carried out by individuals, especially adolescent through formal, non-formal education and learning activities. The educational process that has the most influence on individual adolescents is the family, school, and community. The target of a life-long noble life can be achieved if Muslim youths able to get education that is right, appropriate, and in accordance with Islamic law so that all the knowledge they acquire always applies and maintains good morals which in the world of education are known as noble character. Guidance and training activities that take place inside and outside educational institutions play a role in accommodating the experiences of programmed Moslem adolescent aimed at optimizing self-efficacy appropriately. The basic problem in education that able to intervene in the formation of the character of young Muslims in the all-digital era like today is digitalization itself. This fundamental problem of digitalization will determine how Muslim adolescents will be in the future. Right and appropriate character education is very important to be applied in the lives of modern Muslim adolescents to find identity, overcome emotional instability, as well as anxiety and instability in asserting what is the chosen principle of life. This research is a scientific work which presents a discussion with reference to the library research method. The research object uses library data in the form of books as a data source, the holy book of the Koran surah adz-Dzariyat verse 56, and the subjectof the case is digital Muslim adolescent. The purpose of this research is to find educational interventions in shaping the character of the millennial Muslim generation who are actively involved in digitalization and are responsible as God-fearing servants in the perspective of the Qur’an surah adz-Dzariyat verse 56.

Affect, Emotion, and Subjectivity in Early Modern Muslim Empires: New Studies in Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Art and Culture, edited by Rizvi, Kishwar

Affect, Emotion, and Subjectivity in Early Modern Muslim Empires: New Studies in Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Art and Culture, edited by Rizvi, Kishwar

Ibn ‘Arabī and the Spiritual Sīrah of Prophet Muḥammad

While most traditional works on the life of Prophet Muḥammad focus on how his ostensible teachings and actions can be used as a template for human conduct, the thirteenth-century Sufi thinker, Muḥyī al-Dīn ibn ‘Arabī (d. 638/1240), turns his attention to the spiritual significance and inner reality of Prophet Muḥammad. Ibn ‘Arabī argues that as the seal of the prophets, Muḥammad was not only given the Qur’an, which incorporated elements from previous revelations, nor was he just given a religion that had elements from prior religions; rather, in his very spiritual essence, he combined the essences of previous prophets. It is in this sense that Muḥammad represents the culmination of the prophetic life. In his Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam, Ibn ‘Arabī reveals the spiritual significance of all the prophets mentioned in the Qur’an, with the exception of Khālid ibn Sinān, whom Ibn ‘Arabī considers to be a prophet and dedicates a chapter to, but who is not mentioned in the Qur’an. The present paper explores how the spiritual essences of previous prophets are manifested in Prophet Muḥammad, and the ways in which this comprehensiveness is exhibited in his life. This ‘spiritual sīrah’ is all the more significant in the modern context, where spirituality is privileged over religiosity. Ibn ‘Arabī demonstrates that the spiritual basis of the life of Prophet Muḥammad cannot be extricated from his external actions. The ‘spiritual sīrah’ thus provides an antidote to the religious associational formalism that is rejected by many modern Muslims.

The Dynamics of Inheritance in Various Modern Muslim Countries

Islamic inheritance law is an important expression of Islamic family law which is a half of the knowledge possessed by humans as emphasized by the Prophet Muhammad Saw. Islamic inheritance laws basically apply to Muslims anywhere in the world. Islamic inheritance law stipulates that children can be replace their father's position, both sons and daughters. The purpose of this research is to find out how Islamic inheritance law is implemented in several Muslim countries in the world. This research uses a library research types with a normative juridical approach. The research was conducted by collecting data as the main source such as books, journal articles and other data which were analyzed by Islamic law. The research is described normatively clearly according to the existing data. The results of this study indicate that the law of inheritance in Islam states that a child who can replace his father's position is a son and daughter from the male lineage whose father has died before the heir. Meanwhile, sons and daughters from the female lineage have no right at all to replace their mother's position to obtain property from their grandfather (heir). Besides that, the culture of a Muslim country and the social life of the people in that country have an influence on the inheritance law in that country.

Патриотизм и интернационализм в исламе

The article analyzes the problem of correlation between patriotism and internationalism in Is-lam. The concepts of patriotism and internationalism are clarified and it is proved that constructive na-tionalism, as the core of patriotism, does not contradict constructive internationalism, but is harmoni-ously combined with it. The authors consider the balance of internationalism and patriotism in tradi-tional Islam and the historical testing of this balance. Pan-Islamism is analyzed separately as a form of politicized Islamic internationalism. Two main forms of Islamic nationalism that developed in the 20th century are singled out. The constructive form led to the formation of a new synthesis of international-ism and patriotism with the dominance of the latter in modern Muslim nation states. The destructive form of modern Islamic internationalism is radical Islamic extremism and international terrorism. The authors conclude that in traditional Islam, one of the foundations of the righteous faith is humanistic patriotism based on constructive spiritual Islamic internationalism.

অর্থবিচারে হাদিসের গ্রহণযোগ্যতা নিরূপণে হাদীসপন্থি ও আধুনিকচিন্তকদের কর্মপদ্ধতি : একটি পর্যালোচনা|Approaches of Hadith Scholars and Modern Thinkers in Assessing the Acceptability of Hadith (Prophetic Tradition) through Meaning : An Appraisal

Due to its unique position in Islamic epistemology, various viewpoints and opinions have naturally arisen in the Muslim society regarding the interpretation and analysis of hadith. According to Islamic belief, hadith as a whole, holds the status of a kind of wahi or divine revelation. How to interpret revelation is a very old question in Abrahamic religions. There is a long discussion and debate about this among different sections of the Muslim society. Especially between the traditionalist hadith scholars and the rationalist community, the disagreement on this issue is quite strong and long. After the fourth century of the Hijri, this disagreement dwindled a little, but at the end of the nineteenth century, under the influence of European colonization, this debate started in a new form by the hands of modernist Muslim thinkers. It is at this stage that the discussion of determining the acceptability of hadith based on meaning becomes important. In this essay, the views and practices of prominent people of both communities are presented in a descriptive manner and their thoughts are evaluated in an analytical manner. This write up has portrayed that judging the meaning of hadith is extremely difficult. For this reason, the article argues that opportunity exists for adherents of both schools of thought to reconsider their stance in the light of history and reality.