Modern Methods Of Analysis Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF MODERN METHODS AND APPROACHES TO RISK MANAGEMENT AT THE ENTERPRISE

The article states that increasing the effectiveness of the management system requires the implementation of preventive actions based on planning, analysis and improvement of activities related to risks and opportunities, it is emphasized that the main purpose of risk management is to coordinate the actions of management to improve financial results and creation of such conditions so that the enterprise does not exceed permissible losses. An analysis of modern methods and approaches for successful risk management and identification of features of the formation of the risk management system was carried out. The risk management system created at the enterprise must manage risks to achieve the set goals and objectives, while applying the concepts of a risk-oriented approach, which is implemented in the need to identify risks during the planning of the enterprise's activities. The risk management system consists in research and analysis of the probability of occurrence of a negative event or risk, its minimization or elimination. An important advantage of this standard is the description of the 31st method of risk assessment in terms of their scope, advantages and disadvantages of each of them. It is worth noting that this standard is the most common in the risk management practice of Ukrainian enterprises. The main methods of the standard are the possibility of obtaining quantitative initial data, the uncertainty of the assessment results. At the operational stage, it is important to use methods with a high degree of certainty of assessment results and to have quantitative information about assessment objects. Risk management aims to improve the chances of achieving the project's objectives by eliminating and minimizing risks to increase the project's chances of success. At the same time, the occurrence of serious risks that can lead to the failure of the project should be minimized as much as possible. It was determined that in professional risk management it is necessary to regularly check the planned and actual state. This includes reassessing the likelihood of risk occurrence and adjusting the company's measures and plans. Particular attention should be paid to establishing a list of types of influence and ways of modifying risk factors that are permissible for the risk owner when building a risk management system.

Investigation of Asian Dyes and Pigments from the Artifact of "Murongzhi" and the Silk Road in China.

In this paper, a series of modern analysis methods, including Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectrophotometry, and ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with a thermoelectric LTQ-Orbitrap XL ETD mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS), were applied to analyze and accurately identify the chemical composition of plant dyes and the mineral pigment from the samples collected from grave goods. As a result, the textiles were dyed by the madder, Kermes, Phellodendron chinense, indigo, Lithospermum L., and so forth. In addition, the mineral pigment, charcoal, hematite, minium, cinnabar, azurite, and malachite were used to paint the exquisite artifacts in the tomb of Murongzhi. This research demonstrates the profound impact on cultural transmission and fusion in the "Tuyuhong" dynasty and explores the Silk Road in Tang dynasty.

Statistical analysis of the geological-genetic and search model based on geochemical data

Statistically reconstructed geochemical data on the main and additional elements in different types of rocks, ores and minerals of the Kyzylkum gold mine. Based on the research, editing the project on problems with modern analytical methods (ISP-MS, atomic absorption, etc.). The results of statistical processing of geochemical materials on the content of elements in rocks, ores, near-ore space and minerals showed that they can serve as the basis for creating geological and genetic models used for predictive purposes and identifying the features of the formation of mineral deposits in the region. This paper reveals the possibility of using the results of statistical data processing, by the nature of the distribution of the main ore elements in rocks, ores, near-ore space and minerals to identify the conditions of ore formation, typomorphic features of minerals on gold-rare-metal and gold-silver objects of Central Kyzylkum and the use of data for the development of geological and genetic search models. To solve the tasks, the results of about 6700 definitions of the main and related elements were statistically processed. At the same time, the following statistical parameters were revealed: average contents, degree of content, correlations, intensity of accumulation of elements in various samples that characterize the types of rocks, ores and their spatial manifestation.

Analytical chemistry of carbonyl compounds in indoor air.

Carbonyl compounds are ubiquitous in outdoor and indoor air. Due to the high electronegativity of the oxygen atom, they are polar in nature and the CO group opens possibilities for many types of chemical reactions. Their physical and chemical properties are additionally influenced by substituents and conjugated double bonds. The concentration ranges are also highly variable. Formaldehyde can reach 100 ppb or more in indoor air, but reaction products such as 4-oxopentanal (4-OPA) are in the lower ppb range or even below 1 ppb. Another point concerns the dynamics of carbonyls. When examining the emission of formaldehyde in test chambers, an equilibrium concentration is usually established, so that changes over time can be neglected during the measurement. On the other hand, many substances and scenarios are subject to strong fluctuations in concentration over short time periods. The analysis is also made more difficult by the fact that different methods are often required for saturated carbonyls, unsaturated carbonyls and dicarbonyls. This work focuses on aprotic carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, lactams and pyrones with relevance for the indoor environment that do not contain any other reactive groups. The range of interesting compounds has grown significantly in recent years, notably through the derivation of health-based guide values, as well as through investigations into new products, human activities and human emissions from the skin and respiratory gas. Classical and modern analysis methods are discussed, which can be considered for the respective research question. Many small molecules require derivatization as a first step, followed by separation via gas chromatography or HPLC. Substance-specific detection without chromatographic separation is routinely used for formaldehyde. With some limitations, the identification of carbonyls in multicomponent mixtures is possible using online mass spectrometry. In particular, proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) has established as a method with high sensitivity and high time resolution.

Diagnosis and treatment of acute catarrhal endometritis of cows in private subsidiary farms serviced by “Arsenyevskaya VSBBZH”

The reproductive function of animals is the ability to reproduce their own kind. Due to certain features and difficulties in implementation, reproduction of dairy cattle has been the object of scientific and practical research by veterinary specialists for many years. In our work, we diagnose and treat cows with acute catarrhal endometritis in the conditions of personal subsidiary farms serviced by the KGB “Arsenyevskaya VSBBZH”. The methodological basis of the conducted scientific research was an integrated approach to the problem under study, consisting in the use of classical and modern methods of research and comparative analysis.

Design and Exploration of Real Time Monitoring System for Power Grid Operation Safety Based on YOLO Object Detection Algorithm

As a fundamental industry of the national economy, the development level of the power industry directly affects the national economic construction and people's lives. With the continuous acceleration of modernization, higher requirements have been put forward for the safe operation of the PG. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve the integration of remote real-time monitoring, management, and maintenance under the current situation, and combine modern information technology methods for research and analysis. To meet the system requirements and ensure the quality of power supply, a suitable and efficient job safety management system platform is designed for the practical situation of power grid (PG) operation safety, and is based on the YOLO (You Only Look Once) algorithm operating environment. This platform can be effectively applied in daily electricity management work to improve the production efficiency and economic benefits of PG enterprises. Afterwards, this article also conducted functional testing on the security real-time monitoring system, and the test results showed that the accuracy of the system reached over 80%; the recall rate was over 85%; the average accuracy was between 0.4 and 0.7; the system stability was between 90% and 97%; the scalability of the system was over 93%.

МЕТОДИ АНАЛІЗУ ЗОБРАЖЕНЬ МІСЦЕВОСТІ В НАВІГАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМАХ БПЛА

The paper analyzes modern methods of terrain image analysis in UAV navigation systems and presents experimental results of UAV navigation method research based on the use of spatial-spectral portraits of objects in terrain areas. In the conditions of radio-electronic suppression of the UAV navigation system by EW means, there is an urgent need for the development and application of new jam-proof UAV navigation methods. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the method of terrain image analysis in UAV technical vision systems. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were announced in the work: an analysis of the possible use of existing methods and systems of technical vision on UAVs was carried out; the substantiation of the method of image analysis using spatial-spectral terrain portraits in UAV technical vision systems was carried out. The method of calculating the traveled path based on the analysis of the flow of video data coming from the optoelectronic surveillance devices, the method of accurate mapping on the terrain based on the stereo effect that occurs during camera movement, and the method of accurate mapping based on reference photographs are analyzed. In order to improve the efficiency of the UAV technical vision system, it is proposed to use spatial-spectral portraits of objects in areas of the terrain. At the same time, the video frames are compared with embedded spectral portraits of the route sections, in the case of "recognition", the exact coordinates and orientation of the UAV are determined. The application of this method is connected with the need to take into account the impact of lighting changes on the spectral indicators of objects and areas of the terrain. The research examines existing techniques for correcting lighting changes for various cameras in laboratory and field conditions. It is proposed to use experimentally obtained dependencies for specific brands of sensor equipment to carry out corrections for changes in natural lighting. When organizing navigation systems based on spectral portraits of the terrain, it is recommended to use objects and areas with the most stable optical characteristics in relation to changes in lighting.

Advancement of Network Pharmacology in Multi-targeted Therapeutic Evaluation of Medicinal Plants

In recent years, network pharmacology has emerged as a powerful approach for understanding the complex interactions between various bioactive components of medicinal plants and their targets within biological systems [1,2]. This approach plays a pivotal role in evaluating the multi-targeted therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, making it a promising tool for drug discovery and development. The integration of traditional knowledge with modern analytical techniques and computational methods has enabled the comprehensive exploration of the pharmacological properties of medicinal plants [3-6]. Medicinal plants have been an essential part of traditional medicine systems worldwide for centuries. These plants contain a wide array of bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyphenols, which exert therapeutic effects through interactions with specific molecular targets [7,8]. However, elucidating the intricate relationships between these compounds and their targets has proven challenging [2].

Modern Analytical Approaches in Bhasma Pariksha: Advancements and Challenges

Abstract Bhasma Pariksha, an integral aspect of Ayurvedic medicine, involves assessing metallic and mineral-based formulations known as “Bhasmas” (herbomineral or herbometallic compounds). Traditional methods for evaluating Bhasmas have relied on visual, organoleptic, and Ayurvedic parameters. However, in recent years, the integration of modern analytical techniques has revolutionized the quality control and standardization of Bhasma formulations. This review aims to provide an in-depth overview of the rationale behind utilizing modern analytical methods for Bhasma Pariksha, highlighting the advantages and limitations of various techniques.

A survey on information requirements analysis for failure management and analysis in production

Failure management is essential in production environments to prevent disruptions and satisfy customers' expectations of product quality. Of central importance is not only the establishment of standardized failure management processes but also the use of modern analysis methods for the efficient correction of product and process failures. Due to the high complexity of production environments and failure management at the same time, the human factor still plays a central role in detecting, analyzing, and sustainable correcting product and process failures. However, according to a previous empirical study, around 50 % of all information collected in manufacturing companies remains unused. The study also confirms that around 70 % of the companies consulted are not aware of the information required for targeted analyses.To address the information demands of individual parties during the failure management process more effectively, this survey analyzed actual information requirements and determined which analysis methods are used in the production contexts. We conducted a target-group-specific survey on information requirements analysis in failure management, involving employees in managerial and quality management positions at four automotive OEMs.The survey results indicate the information required to initiate and successfully complete failure management processes in production environments. It became clear that the target group for failure analyses are primarily employees in managerial and quality management positions, rather than on the shop floor. The theoretical approach, which is still a state-of-the-art approach in the automotive industry, envisages a divergent procedure. At the same time, it is shown that despite the enormous developments in the field of data analytics in recent years, the initial analysis approach is still based on descriptive approaches, especially in failure management.

Sanitation Effect of Gaseous Ozone in the Treatment of Experimental Infected Pancreatic Necrosis: Microbiological Evaluation

Introduction. Search for new means and methods of sanitation of the abdominal cavity remains significant related to growing antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens in surgical infection. This challenge is of particular relevance in the development of purulent complications of acute pancreatitis due to the complexity of radical control of the inflammation source.The aim of the study was to evaluate outcomes of microbiological examination of peritoneal exudate, biopsies of the pancreas, arterial blood in the topical application of gaseous ozone for the treatment of experimental infected pancreatic necrosis.Methods. This prospective experimental study included 43 laboratory animals - Soviet Chinchilla rabbits. Group 1 consisted of 13 animals, groups 2 and 3 consisted of 12 animals each. All animals were infected with pancreatic necrosis simulated using a clinical strain of A. baumannii. Sanitation relaparotomies were performed in 24 hours and 60 hours under anesthesia: with 0.9% sodium chloride solution in animals of group 1, with 0.02% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate in animals of group 2, with ozone-oxygen gas mixtures in animals of group 3. The control group included six sham-operated animals. Animals were withdrawn from the experiment in 96 hours with taking samples for microbiological investigations.Results. Animals of group 1 showed an increased frequency (from 23.1 to 100.0%, p=0.003) and degree (from 3.5 (3.0; 4.5) to 7.0 (5.5; 7. 5) lg COE/ml, p0.001) of bacterial contamination of peritoneal exudate within 24 to 96 hours. Most parameters in animals of group 2 were not significantly different from those achieved in animals of group 1. Notably, the bacterial count of A. baumannii in the peritoneal exudate in 60 hours (6.0 (5.7; 6.7) lg COE/ml), and the degree of secondary (enterogenic) contamination of the pancreas (5.5 (5 .0; 6.7) lg CFU/g) and peritoneal exudate in 96 hours (7.7 (7.0; 8.0) lg CFU/ml) in animals of group 2 significantly exceeded those in animals of group 1 (p 0.010). Intraperitoneal application of a directed flow of gaseous ozone in 24 and 60 hours allowed achieving elimination of A. baumannii in 80.0% of pancreatic biopsy samples by the end of the fourth day (p=0.002 and p=0.007 when compared with results of groups 1 and 2, respectively), prevent its spread into the peritoneal exudate and systemic circulation. The treatment with gaseous ozone was also accompanied by the decreased bacterial count of A. baumannii and the degree of secondary (enterogenic) contamination by other opportunistic microorganisms in the analyzed samples.Conclusion. Perspectives for translating the results obtained into clinical practice determine the relevance of studying modern molecular methods of bacteriological analysis. This should be combined with an adequate assessment of the safety of various targeted treatment options of the abdominal tissues and organs with an ozone-oxygen gas mixture.

System-communication aspects of the military-sociological approach to the assessment of information and psychological security of Russian army

The paper is dedicated to substantiation of the starting positions for determining the theoretical and methodological foundations for the system of information and psychological protection of the Armed Forces as an object of development and military sociological analysis. This study is the first in a planned series of articles devoted to this problem, as well as the beginning of a scientific discussion about the conceptual foundations for improving the “traditional” mechanisms for ensuring the information security of the Russian army and sociological support for the implementation of this process. As a result of the analysis, the author determines the essence and functional role of the information war as an information and psychological component of the hybrid war strategy, and reveals its structural elements as a process of implementation of communicative practices by competing subjects of world politics at various levels. Based on the analysis of modern methods and mechanisms of damaging information and psychological impact, the following are determined: (1) levels (contours) of the protection system against these threats and (2) security objects corresponding to these levels, the state of which may be the subject of military sociological analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of protection measures.

ОБЗОР И АНАЛИЗ МЕТОДОВ ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЯ ДОРОЖНОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЮЩИХ СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ, ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И ПРОГРАММНЫЕ РЕШЕНИЯ ДЛЯ РЕГИСТРАЦИИ ЗНАЧЕНИЙ ОСНОВНЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ, ХАРАКТЕРИЗУЮЩИХ ДОРОЖНОЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕ

This article presents an overview and analysis of modern methods and tools for assessing the parameters and effectiveness of traffic management in cities. The possibilities of using satellite navigation equipment to assess the quality of traffic management are considered, as well as the possibilities of using geoinformation systems, transport detectors, software for "streaming" video content processing are presented

Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of TTG rocks from the Katoro area, Sukumaland Greenstone Belt, NW Tanzania: Evidence from zircon U-Pb geochronology, Lu-Hf isotopes, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr-Nd isotopes

The northern part of the Tanzania Craton is mainly comprised of several low-grade metamorphic granite-greenstone belts that are exposed on the east and south shores of Lake Victoria. Due to their gold-endowment, these greenstone belts have been the main focus of research and were interpreted to form in various tectonic settings involving back-arc basin, island arc or continental arc, and oceanic plateau. However, the TTG gneiss, as the dominant component of Archean crust, has received far less attention from the scrutiny of modern analytical methods than its counterpart, the mafic volcanics of the greenstone belts. Here, we present a comprehensive geochemical dataset including zircon U-Pb age, zircon Lu-Hf isotope results, as well as bulk-rock geochemical compositions and Sm-Nd isotopic analyses for TTG suites from the Katoro area in northwestern part of Tanzania. Zircon U-Pb dating for three TTG samples yielded 207Pb/206Pb ages of 2688 ± 19 Ma, 2717 ± 19 Ma and 2695 ± 15 Ma, respectively, and the results fall within the peak crustal growth period in northern part of the Tanzania Craton. The Katoro TTGs have relatively high contents of SiO2 (70.77–74.69 %) and Na2O (4.74–5.16 %), high ratios of Sr/Y (59.49–167.25) and (La/Yb)N (17.27–50.72), but low MgO (0.24–0.70 %) and K2O (1.71–3.26 %) contents, low Nb/Ta ratios (8.50–16.60), and most of them belong to the trondhjemitic series rocks. They are characterized by strong enrichment of LILEs and LREEs with slightly positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=1.05–1.38), but depleted in Nb-Ta and Ti, as well as heavy REEs and Y. They have positive εHf(t) values (average εHf(t) = +1.90 ± 0.50 or + 2.07 ± 0.33) and εNd(t) values (+1.19 to + 2.40) but lower than the contemporaneous depleted mantle, which is inconsistent with a subducting slab signature, and it is proposed that the Katoro TTGs most likely originated from partial melting of rutile-free, garnet- and amphibole-bearing lower mafic crust of an oceanic plateau. The results presented here suggest that the tectonic evolution in this part of Tanzania Craton needs to invoke a scenario in which crustal growth caused by subduction-related modification of an oceanic plateau.

Promising Domestic Vegetable Oil and Its Qualitative Characteristics

This article describes the relevance and importance of the production of promising oilseeds , including safflower oil , which is one of the main directions for the development of the agro-industrial industry in Kazakhstan. The purpose of the work is to demonstrate the usefulness of safflower oil with the results of scientific research and increase its popularity among manufacturers and consumers . The results of the study revealed the benefits of safflower oil for human health , and also described the benefits of growing safflower for the country's economy . Qualitative indicators of safflower oil are based on modern physico-chemical and analytical research methods . According to the results of the study , it was found that safflower oil contains α- tocopherols and phylloquinones , omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids in the amount of 74.82% and many minerals . It is reported about the therapeutic and preventive effects on the human body of fatty acids and vitamins contained in safflower oil . The data and research results presented in the article can become the basis for future scientific work and help in the prevention and treatment of various diseases . Currently , due to the growth of safflower cultivation areas in Kazakhstan, the prospects for the efficiency of consumption and exportation of safflower are shown not as a raw material , but as a product with full medicinal properties .

Analysis of deposits in superheater tubes at coal-fired thermal power plants by Fourier IR spectroscopy

THE PURPOSE. Determination of the qualitative composition of deposits on the inner surface of the superheater tubes of the Aksuskaya GRES and CHPP stations of Aluminum Kazakhstan JSC located in the Republic of Kazakhstan. METHODS. The most modern method of analysis is IR spectrophotometry, which is based on the absorption of IR radiation. Sediment analysis was carried out on an infrared spectrophotometer with Fourier transform of Shimadzu IRAffinity-1S. The peculiarity and justification of using this device is based on the high throughput of optics. A complementary function is a combination with a dynamic digital adjustment system. The DLATGS detector is used as a powerful ceramic radiation source. This detector is highly sensitive and thermally stabilized. RESULTS. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the deposits on the inner surface are represented by metal corrosion products and heat-resistant humus substances. The latter easily pass into steam from boiler water (steam distillation) and settle on the surface of the tubes. Also, mineral substances and silicates are present as impurities, which also pass into steam in a small amount. CONCLUSION. As a result of the analysis of deposits in superheater tubes at the stations of Aksuskaya GRES and CHPP of Aluminum Kazakhstan JSC located in the Republic of Kazakhstan, it was found that corrosion processes are quite intense, therefore corrosion products predominate in the deposits. To reduce the internal wear of the tubes, it is necessary to adjust the VCR, analyze the reagents used, and perform a step-by-step analysis of the coolant at each stage of cleaning.

Mineral composition of repair raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruits.

In recent years, raspberry breeding has shifted its emphasis from agronomic performance to characteristics related to the sensory qualities of the fruit and its potential health benef its. The therapeutic and preventive properties of raspberries are related to their biochemical composition. In this regard, the purpose of the work was to determine the content of macro- and micronutrients in fruits of different cultivars of repair raspberry using modern high-tech analytical methods and the selection of genetic sources of the analyzed elements for further breeding. The objects of the research were 17 cultivars of repair raspberry of different ecological and geographical origin from the genetic plant bioresource collection of FSBSO ARHCBAN. It was found that the ash residue of berries contains 12 major elements, which form the following descending series: K > P > Mg ≥ Mo > Ca > S ≥ Ni > Zn > Mn > Se > Fe ≥ Co. The largest proportion of ash residue in raspberry fruits is K. Depending on the cultivar, its quantity averaged from 12.81 wt % (Samorodok and Karamelka) to 22.37 wt % (Atlant). The minimum K content was observed in the ash of the Carolina cultivar (5.62 wt %), while in berries of this cultivar Mg (2.91), Ca (2.62) and Zn (0.14 wt %) accumulated above average. Among the group of early maturing cultivars, the cultivar Yubileinaya Kulikova stands out with a high content of Mo (4.63), Ca (2.19), Fe (0.25) and Co (0.21 wt %). The cultivar Pingvin is characterized by a high content of K (22.65) and Se (0.31 wt %). The medium maturity cultivar Samorodok is characterized by a higher content of P (4.08), S (0.47), Ni (0.51) and Zn (0.26 wt %). Among the late maturing cultivars, the cultivar Poranna Rosa stands out with the preferential accumulation of nine elements: Mg (2.98), P (4.42), S (0.36), K (20.34), Ca (1.71), Mn (0.14), Co (0.13), Se (0.21) and Mo (3.08 wt %). Correlation relationships between the elements have been established. Samples with the highest accumulation of macro- and microelements in berries represent genetic sources for further selection of raspberry for improvement of the mineral composition of fruits.

Analysis of data from orthogonal minimally aliased response surface designs

Experimental data are often highly structured due to the use of experimental designs. This does not only simplify the analysis, but it allows for tailored methods of analysis that extract more information from the data than generic methods. One group of three-level experimental designs that are suitable for such tailored methods are orthogonal minimally aliased response surface (OMARS) designs (Núñez Ares and Goos 2020), where all main effects are orthogonal to each other and to all second-order effects. The design based analysis method of Jones and Nachtsheim (2017) has shown significant improvement over existing methods in terms of powers to detect active effects. However, the application of their method is limited to only a small subgroup of OMARS designs known as definitive screening designs (DSDs). In our work, we not only improve upon the Jones and Nachtsheim method for DSDs, but we also generalize their analysis framework to the entire family of OMARS designs. Using extensive simulations, we show that our customized method for analyzing data from OMARS designs is highly effective in identifying active effects when compared to other modern (non-design based) analysis methods, especially in cases where the true model is complex and involves many second-order effects.

Characterization of the Toxicological Impact of Heavy Metals on Human Health in Conjunction with Modern Analytical Methods.

Increased environmental pollution, urbanization, and a wide variety of anthropogenic activities have led to the release of toxic pollutants into the environment, including heavy metals (HMs). It has been found that increasing concentrations of HMs lead to toxicity, mineral imbalances, and serious diseases, which are occurring more and more frequently. Therefore, testing has become imperative to detect these deficiencies in a timely manner. The detection of traces of HMs, especially toxic ones, in human tissues, various biological fluids, or hair is a complex, high-precision analysis that enables early diagnosis, addressing people under constant stress or exposed to a toxic environment; the test also targets people who have died in suspicious circumstances. Tissue mineral analysis (TMA) determines the concentration of toxic minerals/metals at the intracellular level and can therefore determine correlations between measured concentrations and imbalances in the body. Framing the already-published information on the topic, this review aimed to explore the toxicity of HMs to human health, the harmful effects of their accumulation, the advantages vs. the disadvantages of choosing different biological fluids/tissues/organs necessary for the quantitative measurement of HM in the human body, as well as the choice of the optimal method, correlated with the purpose of the analysis.

Customer Satisfaction in e-Commerce during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The declared state of emergency and the measures taken against the spread of coronavirus by governments have increased Internet shopping. All companies, regardless of size and type of business activity, had to adapt their business models to the new circumstances through transformation of their business processes and offering products or services tailored to the changing customer behavior. This study aims to analyze the peculiarities of online sales during the COVID-19 health crisis via the integration of classic and modern data analysis methods. The purpose of the paper is to identify the main factors determining user behavior and examine their impact on customer satisfaction in e-commerce. The survey method and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to recognize the dependencies between variables from the online users’ perspective. The satisfaction determinants indicated and described in the paper affect differently the perceived value for the customers. As this value is subjective and dynamic, this study developed a reliable system for e-commerce factor evaluation. Using the proposed methodology, companies can constantly monitor and assess indicators influencing customer satisfaction and gain awareness of consumer behavior’s dynamics in online shopping. e-commerce marketers can employ the obtained results to decide how to organize order execution and optimize supply chains. Identifying the most important components of the e-commerce value, managers of online retailers can better run online sales platforms, increase customer loyalty, and thus, improve company’s online performance.