Modern Medical Science Research Articles

Garbhini Paricharya and its Clinical Importance

Ayurveda refers to prenatal care as Garbhini Paricharya, a preventive healthcare system. Pregnant women should receive care from the start of their pregnancy until the baby is born. Given that the health of the mother affects the outcome for the fetus, pregnancy and childbirth are among the most important times in a woman’s life cycle and require special care. The rising incidence of congenital malformations in infants nowadays is a major source of concern for the medical community. These flaws might be mild, large, anatomical, or physiological in character. Prenatal care known as Garbhini Paricharya suggests Ahar, or a certain nutrition plan, Vihar, or a Garbhini way of life, and behavioral changes in the psychological domain. The right Garbhini Paricharya would lead to the fetus developing normally, to a healthy delivery, and to the mother’s ability to endure the hardship of childbirth. Garbhini Paricharya consists of Garbhasthapak Dravyas (substances favorable for maintaining pregnancy), Garbhopaghatakar Bhavas (activities and substances which are damaging to fetus), and Masanumasik Pathya (mouth smart food regimen). The primary goals of advising Garbhini Paricharya are Anupaghata (simple pregnancy), Paripurnatya (ensuring the fetus and mother grow properly), and Sukhaprasava (healthy delivery). Conclusion: Prenatal care should be provided in an integrated manner, that is, in accordance with both current science and Ayurvedic literature, as the ancient Ayurvedic literature detailed in the many Samhitas is not only unique but also scientific as modern medical sciences.

Panchakarma in Parinaama Shoola - A Review Article

Parinama Shoola is a chronic, recurrent, and non-fatal gastrointestinal (GIT) condition, accounting for 25% of patient visits to clinics and hospitals in India.[1] In Ayurveda, Madhavakara was the first to describe Parinama Shoola, characterizing it as pain during digestion, and categorizing it as a Vata-Pradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi.[2] Samprapti: The development of Shoola begins with the consumption of incompatible foods (Viruddhahara), such as hot and spicy rich fatty diets, junk foods, and habits like tobacco chewing, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Physical inactivity and mental stress further exacerbate the condition, leading to digestive impairment (Agnimandya) and the formation of toxins (Ama). This sequence of events progresses through stages of: Ajeerna (indigestion), Amlapitta (hyperacidity), finally culminating into Shoola (pain).[3] The causes, progression, and symptoms of Parinama Shoola are remarkably similar to those of duodenal ulcers in modern medical science. Management of duodenal ulcers typically involves: Educating the patient, Avoiding known causative factors, Prescribing bland diets, Using antacids and acid-blocking medications, Administering antibiotics for H. pylori infection. Despite these treatments, high recurrence rates and unwanted side effects are common. In Ayurvedic treatment for Parinama Shoola includes: Samshodhana (purification), Samshamana (pacification), Nidana Parivarjana (avoidance of causative factors), Pathya-Apathya (dietary and lifestyle modifications) and Prevention of recurrences. Ayurvedic medicines are noted for being cost-effective, easily available, and safe for long-term use.

Exploring the significance of Ranjaka Pitta in the formation of Rakta Dhatu with respect to Erythropoiesis

ABSTRACT The body's foundational basis lies in the trinity of Dosha [bio-energy principles], Dhatu [structural components of body], and Mala [waste]. The body comprises of three Dosha, Pitta being one of them. Due to its Ushna [hot] Guna [attribute/quality], Pitta plays a crucial role in Pachana [digestion or biotic transformation]. Pitta Dosha is divided into five subtypes based on both their location and function. Amongst these, Ranjaka [coloring] Pitta is involved in the formation of Rakta [blood] Dhatu. Ayurvedic texts indicate Yakrit [liver], Pleeha [spleen], and Amashaya [stomach] as the locations of Ranjaka Pitta, emphasizing its synergy with Raktagni [transformation factors] in the intricate formation of Rakta Dhatu. The Liver, Spleen, and Bone Marrow are vital for Erythropoiesis in modern science. The liver stores essential nutrients like vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron. Vitamin B12 is critical for erythropoiesis (the process of origin, development and maturation of erythrocytes) and the intrinsic factor secreted by the stomach's parietal cells plays a key role in its absorption. There are similarities in the Ayurvedic & Modern processes. In this article, we explore the role of Ranjaka Pitta in Rakta Dhatu formation, bridging Ayurvedic insights with modern medical science for a comprehensive understanding.

Human Biosafety Concept when Carrying out Medical Procedures Related to the Use of High Medical Technologies in the Field of Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues: Constitutional and Legal Aspect

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of human biosafety during medical procedures using high medical technologies in the field of transplantation of human organs and (or) tissues. An analysis of the regulatory framework in the field of ensuring human biological safety during medical procedures in the field of transplantation and donation is provided, which demonstrates that the biosafety of patients in the Russian Federation is ensured by providing recipients with high-quality biomaterial as strictly established by the legislator based on the achievements of modern medical science. The legislation establishes medical restrictions for potential donors in order to ensure the biological safety of recipients. Special requirements have also been established for medical personnel who have the right to carry out medical procedures related to the transplantation of human organs and tissues. The domestic legislator is actively implementing the concept of biological safety in the field of VMT use by establishing certain criteria and restrictions for this type of assistance, which ensures citizens the right to receive qualified, high-quality medical care in the field of transplantation and donation of human organs and (or) tissues.

AI in Surgery: Navigating Trends and Managerial Implications Through Bibliometric and Text Mining Odyssey.

Background:This research employs bibliometric and text-mining analysis to explore artificial intelligence (AI) advancements within surgical procedures. The growing significance of AI in healthcare underscores the need for healthcare managers to prioritize investments in this technology. Purpose:To assess the increasing impact of AI on surgical practices through a comprehensive analysis of scientific literature, providing insights that can guide managerial decision-making in adopting AI solutions.Research Design:The study analyzes over 6000 scientific articles published since 1990 to evaluate trends and contributions in the field, informing managers about the current landscape of AI in surgery.Study Sample:The research focuses on publications from various influential publishers across North America, Northern Asia, and Eastern & Western Europe, highlighting key markets for AI implementation in surgical settings.Data Collection and Analysis:A bibliometric approach was utilized to identify key contributors and influential journals. At the same time, text-mining techniques highlighted significant keywords related to AI in surgery, aiding managers in recognizing essential areas for further exploration and investment.Results:The year 2022 marked a significant upsurge in publications, indicating widespread AI integration in healthcare. The U.S. emerged as the foremost contributor, followed by China, the UK, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and India. Key journals, such as Annals of Surgery and Spine Journal, play a crucial role in disseminating research findings, serving as valuable resources for managers seeking to stay informed.Conclusions:The findings underscore AI's pivotal role in enhancing diagnostic precision, predicting treatment outcomes, and improving operational efficiency in surgical practices. This progress represents a significant milestone in modern medical science, paving the way for intelligent healthcare solutions and further advancements in the field. Healthcare managers should leverage these insights to foster innovation and improve patient care standards.

A Review to Illustrate the Concept of Krimi in Ayurveda

Background: Knowledge of Krimi and its description in Vedas and Ayurvedic Samhitas is very unique and different from the concept of worm in modern medical science. Krimi is a broad terminology in ancient Indian science which encompasses various types of helminths, microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa causing a large variety of diseases. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted and result was presented under the result. Result and Discussion: Krimi Roga is one among the various diseases which must be paid prime attention in terms of Ayurveda management. Drugs and formulations from herbal sources play key role in management of these helminthic and parasitic infections. A majority of patients being from pediatric age segment, the knowledge of Krimi Roga management may bring a boon to pediatric ailments. Conclusion: Ayurveda believes in Prakriti (specific body constitution of the individual), if we can change the internal environment of the intestine (Kostha) through Apkarshana, Prakriti Vighata and Nidana parivarjana using appropriate drugs as well as enhancing the strength of Agni; then, affinity towards production and multiplication of Krimi may be arrested and hence, the ailments can be treated. Krimi is a condition, affecting all age groups, but children have always been at risk due to their playful activities and lack of maintenance of adequate personal hygiene. Once infected, the entire family may eventually get affected from the infected children.[1] If we consider Drishya Krimi as worm infestation, In India, more than 200 million children are infected on an average with roundworm, hookworm, etc. In Ayurveda, several causes (nidanas) have been mentioned for development of Krimi (microbes/worms) in human body like Ajirna (indigestion in GIT), Adhyashana (eating even when the previous meal has not been digested), Asatmyaahara, Virudhasana, Malinasana (incompatible foods or unhygienic meal habit), Avyayam (sedentary lifestyle), Diwaswapna (sleeping during the daytime), Guru (heavy), Atisnigdha (excessively fatty diet), Atisheet Ahara-Vihara (cold

Clinical and statistical analysis of the course of preterm birth based on the materials of communal enterprise «Regional Perinatal Center of the Rivne Regional Council» in 2013–2023 years

One of the priority tasks of modern medical science and practice is the preservation of reproductive health and the gene pool of the nation. It is especially difficult to perform this task during the russian war in Ukraine, which has been going on for more than ten years. According to sociologists, the outcomes of a low birth rate for the country will be catastrophic precisely because of the war.One of the reasons for the decline in the quality of health in the future is the increase in the specific weight of premature births, the frequency of which, according to the World Health Organization, has increased in Ukraine already after six months of full-scale war.The objective: to conduct an analysis of the course of premature births in the conditions of war based on the materials of the communal enterprise (CE) “Regional Perinatal Center of the Rivne Regional Council” for 2013–2023.Materials and methods. A retrospective clinical and statistical analysis of 2,742 histories of pregnancy and childbirth of women who were in labor between 22/0–36/6 weeks of gestation in obstetric departments of the communal enterprise “Regional Perinatal Center of the Rivne Regional Council” in 2013–2023 was carried out.Results. According to CE “Regional Perinatal Center of the Rivne Regional Council”, a progressive decrease in the total number of births by 41.9% was observed in the Rivne Region from 2013 to 2023. At the same time, in the general population of women giving birth, the specific rate of premature births did not have a tendency to increase.In the structure of preterm births, early and late preterm births prevailed. The specific gravity of very early preterm births, which are the most unfavorable for perinatal outcomes, did not have a sustained upward trend. At the same time, the frequency of too early premature births among residents of districts and territorial communities of the Rivne region has significantly increased (2013 – 19 (79.2%) cases, 2023 – 17 (100.0%) cases; p<0.05).Every second premature birth occurred within the first day of hospitalization of a pregnant woman, while the specific rate of such too early premature births increased by 3.4 times during the analyzed period, which significantly worsens the chances of survival of newborns and is the reason for their high perinatal morbidity.The number of premature births in pregnant women with multiple pregnancies remains stable. Every third preterm birth took place on the background of early premature rupture of the fetal membranes, while a significant increase in the frequency of this complication was found in women who gave birth at 22/0–27/6 weeks of pregnancy.Traditionally, the specific rate (55.7–57.5%) of surgical delivery by caesarean section of pregnant women and mothers with premature births remains high, which contributed to a reliable reduction of the perinatal mortality rate of premature babies by 13.7% due to the reduction of antenatal losses. Indicators of early neonatal death were formed at the expense of newborns from too early and early premature births in the same ratio.Conclusions. According to thedata of CE “Regional Perinatal Center of the Rivne Regional Council”, there was a progressive decrease in the birth rate in the Rivne Region with a simultaneous stabilization of the number of premature births. The widespread use of a holistic approach during the medical care of pregnant women and the introduction of modern methods of care for premature newborns ensured a significant decrease in the rate of perinatal death of premature infants due to the reduction of antenatal losses.

Accuracy Evaluation of Fetal Foot Length and Correlation with Biparietal Diameter for Ultrasonographic Fetal Age Estimation in Uncomplicated Pregnant Women of Chattogram, Bangladesh

Background: Prediction and visual representation of developmental milestones of a growing fetus is most accurately done by ultrasonography. The present study was aimed to evaluate the correlation and accuracy of fetal foot length with fetal biparietal diameter to estimate fetal gestational age in Bangladeshi uncomplicated pregnant women of Chattogram district. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 200 uncomplicated pregnant women of 15th to 28th weeks of gestation during the period from October 2021 to September 2022 in the Department of Anatomy, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram. Fetal biometric parameters such as fetal foot length and biparietal diameter were measured by ultrasonography. For statistical analysis, Pearson’s correlation test and correlation-regression analysis was done and p-value was considered significant if it was <0.05 at 95% level of confidence. Results: Pearson’s correlation test showed that gestational age had strong positive and highly significant (p=0.000) correlation with both fetal foot length and biparietal diameter. The relation between gestational age and fetal foot length(r=0.986) is less strong than the relation between gestational age and biparietal diameter(r=0.988). Conclusion: This study revealed relationship between fetal foot length and gestational age regarding accuracy. Ultrasonographic measurement of fetal foot length can be practiced alongside traditional biometric parameters for pregnancy dating in modern medical science. IAHS Medical Journal Vol 6(2), December 2023; 35-39

Tryambak Mahadev Gogate (1913-1998): A Pioneer of Panchakarma Therapies of Ayurveda.

Tryambak Mahadev Gogate (1913-1998) was instrumental in the development of practical applications of Panchakarma therapies as well as in advancing Ayurvedic education and practice, which faced significant challenges during the colonial period in India. A gifted young individual, motivated by a desire to contribute to his nation, dedicated himself to the revitalization of Ayurveda. In pursuit of this goal, he engaged in self-experimentation, often at great personal risk. He meticulously documented his findings throughout these experiments, establishing techniques for administering Panchakarma therapies, refining Ayurvedic diagnostic methods, and contributing to the evolution of Ayurveda as a scientific discipline, all while making detailed observations that paralleled advancements in modern medical science.

Eagle’s syndrome: Modern systematic review and presentation of radiographic cases

Introduction: The styloid process is a bony structure of the base of the skull, which can undergo pathological structural changes. So, its elongation may possibly provoke Eagle’s syndrome, also known as stylohyoid syndrome, which is a head and neck pathological condition that rarely manifests with severely painful symptomatology. Objective: The present literature review aims to deal with the understanding of the pathophysiology, as well as the investigation of the diagnostic and therapeutic facts regarding Eagle’s syndrome. Materials – Methods: An extended research of modern literature through papers published in scientific journals has been conducted, deploying the databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: Eagle’s syndrome is a rare pathological condition, whose prevalence is approximately 4% of general population. In the literature, several pathogenetic patterns have been reported and they are divided into acquired and idiopathic biochemical mechanisms. In order to diagnose the disease, one should take the painful symptoms referred by the patient into consideration, in conjunction with specific clinical tests. However, the final diagnosis is set after the radiological evaluation. Eagle’s syndrome manifests with non-specific symptomatology, thus it should be differentiated from other diseases and conditions of the head and neck anatomical area. Regarding the therapy of the syndrome, a vast range of conservative choices is available nowadays, mainly basedon drugs, while at the same time there are surgical techniques with comparatively better long-term outcome. Conclusions: There is an expressively increased interest, regarding the diagnosis and the therapeutics of Eagle’s syndrome. Modern medical sciences attempt to gradually advance the diagnostic methodology and constantly improve the therapeutic choices of this disease. The ultimate purpose is the more effective management of the patients and the enhancement of their life quality.

Management of Vicharchika Kushta through Ayurveda

Skin disorders in Ayurveda have been mentioned under the broad heading of Kushta. There are 18 types of Kusta which are classified as Maha kushta and Kshudra kushta. Vicharchika is the type of Kshudrakushta. Vicharchika kushta is characterized by symptoms like Kandu, Srava, Pidaka and Shyava varna. Vicharchika is often correlated to eczema based on the clinical presentations. There is no specific treatment or definite cure for Eczema in modern medical science, except some of the symptomatic treatments like application of topical steroid. These steroids cause some serious health hazards like suppression of the hypothalamic pituitary- adrenal axis and even cushingoid features. Whereas Ayurveda has specific treatments like Shodhana and Shamana type of therapies which manages the disease without causing any side effects to the body. In present case report a patient complaints of blackish lesions with itching and discharge since 2 years was treated with Shodhana (Vamana, Virechana) and Shamana aoushadhi, shown a significant results.

A Clinical Study of Drakshadi Syrup in Lowering Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC) and Immunoglobulin E(Ige) Level in Tamak Swash (Bronchial Asthma) in Children

Childhood asthma is a prevalent chronic disease worldwide, affecting millions of children. Its impact is not only on the children themselves but also on their families, schools, and healthcare systems. Inspite of all recent advances in modern medical science the prevalence is increasing day by day. Aim: The present study is to assess the response of polyherbal compound ‘Drakshadi Syrup’ in lowering AEC and IgE level in childhood bronchial asthma. Materials and Methods: 106 nos. of patient were registered irrespective of sex between the age group 3-16 years out of which 100 patients completed the trial. Routine blood investigations including basic pathological markers i.e., AEC and IgE were recorded before and after 90 days of treatment. Statistical Tool Used: Paired-t test was done in GraphPad prism 10 software for data analysis. Results and Conclusion: After statistical analysis the t value of AEC was 13.31 with p<.0001 i.e., highly significant and in IgE the t value was 9.73 with p<.0001 i.e., highly significant. It can be concluded that the polyherbal compound is very effective in lowering AEC and IgE levels in childhood bronchial asthma.

Effective management of ulcerative colitis with Udumbara kwatha and Udumbara kwatha basti: A single case report

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disorder of the colonic mucosa with remitting and relapsing pattern that usually involves the rectum and extends proximally to involve the sigmoid part of the colon (proctosigmoiditis) or whole colon (pancolitis). The cardinal symptoms are rectal bleeding with the passage of mucus and bloody diarrhea. In modern medical science, there is no permanent curative and safe treatment for this disease. A 32-year-old male, advocate by profession, diagnosed with UC for the past six years, presented to the hospital with complaints of frequent stools mixed with blood and mucous associated with abdominal pain. The condition was managed with Udumbara kwatha basti (~therapeutic enema with Udumbara decoction) and other Shamana aushadha (~palliative medicines). After one month of management, the stool frequency was reduced, and after a follow-up of one-year, normal consistency of stools was attained. This case report illustrates the significance of ayurvedic treatment modalities in the management of UC, generating hypothesis for further research.

Ordering the Potential Anatomy of the Human Body in Betrand Russels Perspective (Critical Study Q.S An-Nahl [16]:78)

The scientific value of the Qur'an regarding the creation of humans with the gift of physical completeness is one of the undeniable values. In this case, it is narrated specifically in Q.S an-Nahl [16]:78. The verse is also a scientific legitimization in the realm of modern science that proves the factual values of the Qur'an about the potential that Allah gives to humans in sequence after their release from the womb. Based on this, the purpose of this research is to prove the existence of isomorphs between the world of al-Qur'anic language and the world of reality. By using Betrand Russel's logical atomism theory analysis to find the isomorph. The result of this research is that there is an isomorph between the world of language in Q.S an-Nahl [16]:78 and the world of reality as proven by modern medical science that the orderly potential of human anatomy is commensurate with what is narrated in Q.S an-Nahl [16]:78.

ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА ПРЕЖДЕВРЕМЕННОГО СТАРЕНИЯ ЛИЦА У ЖЕНЩИН

Of course, aging is a normal physiological process of the body's extinction, while there are no unambiguously effective methods that completely stop it. However, premature aging in some ways goes beyond the norm, because with an increase in the quality and duration of life, people have a younger appearance than their ancestors at their same age. Most of all, the external signs of premature aging are expressed on the face, which is becoming a widespread problem, and a comprehensive study of this aspect is one of the burning issues of modern medical science. Goal. The study of recent studies highlighting the problem of premature aging, as well as exogenous and endogenous risk factors. The mechanisms of the development of premature aging have a multifactorial basis. The prerequisites for the development of premature aging of the face were studied, the most significant exogenous and endogenous factors that increase the risk of this pathology were considered; risk groups were identified. An analysis of past and current studies has shown that in order to predict and prevent premature aging, a variety of both conjugate and independent indicators should be taken into account. As a result of consideration of factors of various nature, unambiguous mechanisms of premature aging have not yet been established. In the future, it is necessary to study in depth the problem of early aging, as well as the relationship of all risk factors among themselves.

Ethnobotanical Significance of the Flora of Neora Valley National Park in the District of Darjeeling, West Bengal (India)

Recent floristic survey of Neora Valley National Park in Kalimpong sub-division of Darjeeling district of West Bengal revealed that the park is a rich repository of the ethnobotanically important plant resources that includes species of food, medicine, ornamental, poisonous and other assorted ethnic values. Based on available literature and direct interaction with forest dwellers living in the periphery of the park, altogether 83 medicinal, 59 edible, 18 ornamental, 21 poisonous (irritants and lethal) and 11 plants having fascinating assorted ethnic uses have been recognized. The forest dwellers have their own dictionary of local names for the identification of these valuable plant resources by which they are maintaining their own ancient ethnoscience. Many of these medicinal plant species were assessed to be the valuable resources for the treatment of a range of human ailments for which there are no complete answers in the modern medical science (?).

Anxiety in the emergency medical practice – its psychiatric and somatic origin, comorbidities, behavior and treatment

Anxiety conditions and disorders are common in the general population, and patients suffering from them often seek the services of emergency departments. Anxiety is a psychopathological symptom that accompanies not only psychiatric conditions, but a wide range of somatic diseases, and a combination of both. The biochemical and pathophysiological mechanisms of psychosomatic interrelationship and comorbidity are complex and multi-layered. Thus, diagnosing the root cause of anxiety is a clinical challenge. Early, and on time, recognition of an anxiety disorder helps to avoid unnecessary investigations, ensures correct treatment and saves hospital resources. Careful use of medications, psychoeducation and referral to a specialist improves patient outcome with this potentially debilitating disease. In this article, the authors aim to present in a synthesized form the main epidemiological data on the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and disorders, anatomical localization and biochemical mechanisms and relationships in the pathogenesis of anxiety symptoms, as well as to derive the main guidelines for recognizing and differentiating clinicopathological constellations in somatic conditions in emergency medical practice. Materials and methods. Existing published studies from an international database, related to the subject of the article, have been thoroughly studied. Results. Anxiety symptoms, in particular panic attacks and disorders, are widespread in primary care and occupy a significant part of the work process, especially at times of peak loads, natural disasters and situations of mass traumatism. Conclusions. Timely training and good preparation for recognition and adequate assessment of anxiety conditions in primary and emergency medical care significantly shorten the therapeutic route of patients. They receive competent help on time, and the cost of their treatment is significantly reduced. Discussion. Modern medical science, including psychiatric, offers advanced drug and non-drug methods for the treatment and prevention of anxiety conditions and disorders.

MODERN ASPECTS OF REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH POSTOPERATIVE CESAREAN SECTION SCAR

The number of caesarean sections around the world is increasing every year. This is influenced by the rapid development of modern medical science, the improvement of surgical techniques, the emergence of new suture materials and broad-spectrum antibiotics, pain relief, and the change in society's attitude to childbirth. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), caesarean section (CS) is the most widely used operative method of childbirth today. Determining the role of CS practice in the search for ways to reduce perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality is essential. In some cases, this method of delivery is the only way to reduce maternal mortality: premature separation of the normally located placenta and the appearance of signs of its partial separation, severe hypertensive conditions, including a severe degree of preeclampsia and eclampsia, somatic complications that lead to complications in the mother's natural delivery pathologies.

MODERN CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF PATIENTS AFTER CESAREAN SECTION OPERATION

The number of caesarean sections around the world is increasing every year. This is influenced by the rapid development of modern medical science, the improvement of surgical techniques, the emergence of new suture materials and broad-spectrum antibiotics, pain relief, and the change in society's attitude to childbirth. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), caesarean section (CS) is the most widely used operative method of childbirth today. Determining the role of CS practice in the search for ways to reduce perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality is essential. In some cases, this method of delivery is the only way to reduce maternal mortality: premature separation of the normally located placenta and the appearance of signs of its partial separation, severe hypertensive conditions, including a severe degree of preeclampsia and eclampsia, somatic complications that lead to complications in the mother's natural delivery pathologies. Thus, the tactics of taking women with a scar on the uterus through natural childbirth, with adequate prenatal preparation, the development of criteria for assessing the adjustment of the surgical scar, the lack of special criteria for predicting the probability of natural childbirth in pregnant women who underwent cesarean section, the special urgency of finding a solution to these issues defines. Therefore, it is necessary to study the condition of women with uterine scars, to improve the tactics of pregnancy and childbirth management, as well as the methods of preventing and predicting complications.

Characteristic of a group of genes with low level of expression in the pancreas of rats under conditions of multi-day intermittent hypoxia influence

In modern medical science great attention is paid to the clarification of the molecular mechanisms, which are the basis of adaptation to environmental factors of unusual origin and/or extraordinary strength. The aim of the study is to determine the features of a group of genes with low expression level, associated with hypoxia in the pancreas of Wistar rats under conditions of intermittent hypoxia. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 10 white, sexually mature Wistar rats, which were divided into 2 groups (5 animals in each). Animals of group 1 were part of the control (intact) group. The animals of the 2nd group were subjected to hypoxic training according to the following scheme: for 15 days, 6 hours daily, namely on days 1–5 they simulated an ascent to a height of one to five kilometers above sea level under the conditions of a barometer, and the last 10 days 6 km above the sea level. To analyze gene expression, we used the polymerase chain reaction method with real-time reverse transcription (PCR) CFX-96 Touch™ (Bio-Rad, USA) and the RT2 Profiler™ PCR Array Rat Hypoxia Signaling Pathway kit (QIAGEN, Germany), where 84 genes were the subject of research in experimental animals. Results. According to the results of the PCR study of genes in the pancreas samples of intact animals and animals exposed to hypoxic training, it was established that out of 84 genes associated with hypoxia, a group of 5 genes with a low expression level (∆∆Ct < 30) was found. This pattern includes Bhlhe40 genes, Ctsa, Hif1a, Lox, and Slc16a3, the expression of which is statistically reduced. Thus, compared to the level of their expression in intact animals, the expression of Bhlhe40 decreased by 2.59 times, Ctsa by 6.02 times, Hif1a by 3.85 times, Lox by 3.01 times, and Slc16a3 by 2.40 times. Conclusions. Intermittent hypoxia reduces the expression of the Bhlhe40 gene by 2.59 times, which can be considered as an element of adaptation of cells to a low level of oxygen and modulation of genetic programs. The decrease in Ctsa gene expression by 6.02, Hif1a by 3.85, and Lox by 3.01 times during intermittent hypoxia demonstrates, that these effects can be used as sanogenic factors in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The 2.40-fold decreased expression level of Slc16a3 is probably an element of metabolic adaptation and adaptation of the metabolic pathway of cells to hypoxia conditions.