Modern Means Of Communication Research Articles

Unilateral acts of states in the international legal system

The article examines unilateral acts of states in the international legal system based on a complex systemic analysis. The methodological basis was the dialectical method, which made it possible to understand the essence of international legal obligations of states in inseparable unity and general connection. The relevance of the study is determined by the trends inherent in modern international law. First, with the development of information technologies, and especially with the development of forms of information transmission, the sphere of activity of states is transformed. An increasing number of interested persons knows their positions on a wide range of international legal issues. On the one hand, it simplifies the process of identifying the state’s position when its analysis is necessary for international legal qualification. On the other hand, in such a situation, the possibilities for interpreting the behavior of a specific state from the point of view of its agreement or disagreement with a certain legal situation expand. In the practice of international relations, there is an expansion of the system of sources of international law. The study of these sources is necessary for understanding the foundations of international law, solving specific international problems and increasing the effectiveness of international cooperation. As the practice of international jurisdictional bodies accumulated, the subject of study of which was unilateral acts of states, the research emphasis shifted from establishing the essence of unilateral acts to assessing their relationship with the sources of international law. It is noted that unilateral acts play an important independent role in the modern international system, which is characterized by both fragmentation and growing globalization. Modern means of communication have made it possible to make unilateral acts one of the most frequently used tools of state interaction. The appropriateness and necessity of the development of the legal regime of unilateral acts is emphasized and substantiated. Unilateral acts of states are recognized as independent additional sources of international law capable of generating international legal norms, and they can be found in the «sources» section of many leading international legal documents.

Choosing the vision in the electronic sales contract

Our study is concerned with the option of seeing in the electronic sales contract، because it is a legally proven option for the particular eye that is absent from the contract council. His vision of signing or rescinding the contract، and because the provisions of Islamic jurisprudence are valid for every time and place and derive its provisions and evidence from the eternal divine Sharia، our study necessitated the application of the provisions of the vision option to electronic contracts to protect the satisfaction of the contracting buyer through modern means of communication، and this is one of the advantages of electronic contracting in overcoming the barrier The location required for contracting and saving time Effort and expenses and have negatives in the seller’s presentation of a sale that is characterized by a defect، deficiency، or non-conformity with the agreed specifications of the buyer. Advertising and advertising are not free from fraud، deception and deception to entice the buyer to buy a sale contrary to what has been presented. Therefore، we must explain the role and effectiveness of the provisions of the vision option in Islamic jurisprudence and its application to Modern contracts concluded through modern means of communication. Keywords: [option-vision-contract-sale-electronic]

Contribution of Artificial Intelligence to Learning the Arabic Language

The knowledge revolution in the middle of the twentieth century brought about a digital transformation in various aspects of human development, and in view of the knowledge data in machine language, it became necessary to computerize the Arabic language as a means of transferring knowledge, and to make it compatible with modern means of communication in artificial intelligence algorithms to help humans overcome the difficulties of communication and learning. Therefore, researchers in the field of artificial intelligence sought to understand human perception and try to simulate it through the development of computer systems that deal with different levels of languages. Researching a descriptive and analytical reading of the reality of the Arabic language in its relationship to artificial intelligence and computing, and the extent to which it benefits from technological and informational progress, as well as possible horizons that will contribute to solving its problems and challenges.

Status of the feet of preschool children

The postural status of preschool children is at great risk. Without timely detection, poor posture in preschool children can cause extremely serious health problems later in life, so prevention and early diagnosis are very important. The aim of this review is to analyze the research that studied the foot status of preschool children in the period from 2000 to 2022 in the territory of Serbia and Republika Srpska. A descriptive method and theoretical analysis were used for the collection, classification and analysis of targeted research, and the material was searched on: Google, Google Scholar, PubMed and Kobson. The search is limited to works published in the period from 2000 to 2022. In total, we collected 15 studies, 13 of which were conducted in the territory of the Republic of Serbia, and two in the territory of Republika Srpska. All research included preschool children aged 3 to 7 years. Previous research shows that foot deformities of preschool children are present in a high percentage in both sexes. Decreased movement due to an increasing amount of time spent near modern means of communication has negative consequences for the growth and development of preschool children. Educators, parents and the system as a whole must deal with the prevention of the mentioned postural disorders much more than they did before in order to stop the trend of their growth.

Virtual Excursions in Vocational Education and Training

In connection with the rapid development of modern means of communication, there is also a very rapid development of technologies using virtual reality as either a means of entertainment or modern education. The article discusses the possibilities of using virtual education or education based on the use of virtual reality in general. However, the primary attention is paid to analysing the use of virtual reality in the secondary vocational school environment. Additionally, it presents a concept of a virtual excursion aimed at the automated production process of processing aluminium profiles for the automotive industry.

STUDYING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TEENS WITH A TENDENCY TO ADOPTION FALSE INFORMATION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS

Recently, in the system of social sciences, scientists, journalists and information security specialists have been seriously addressing the problem of fake news. Modern means of communication are increasingly becoming sources of unverified or rumor-based information.

PREREQUISITES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE USE OF OFFSHORE JURISDICTIONS BY UKRAINIAN BUSINESSES

Offshore zones, as legal, financial and tax entities, attract the attention of both governments and the business environment. These zones are used for a variety of purposes, including reducing the tax burden, ensuring confidentiality, privacy and asset protection, as well as facilitating business. However, the use of offshore zones is also associated with risks, which include tax abuse, tax evasion, corruption and money laundering. One of the catalysts of the “offshorization” processes on a global scale was scientific and technical progress, the wide and rapid development of modern means of communication and communication. The emergence and development of the global Internet, satellite communications, etc. have reduced the time required for communication between fairly remote parts of the world to a minimum. The listed points together created qualitatively new opportunities for the comprehensive and rapid development of the offshore sector of the world economy, which allowed it to reach a qualitatively new level. Recent years have been characterized by growing attention to transparency and the fight against tax evasion at the international level. Ukraine is implementing measures to control transactions with offshore jurisdictions and ensure transparency in taxation. The study of this topic allows to reveal the peculiarities of the legal, financial and tax environment of offshore jurisdictions, to identify the advantages and risks of their use, as well as to understand the influence of offshores on the economy and international relations.

Legislative Initiatives for Improving the Interaction among the Educational Process Participants: Criminological Perspective

Introduction. The use of smartphones as a learning tool in schools is prohibited by the Russian law. As it is well known, the scientific and technological progress has induced active implementation of the electronic devices into the everyday life of all categories of citizens, and the system of education has not been an exception. To systematise the use of the electronic devices in the education system, the legislators have submitted to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation a draft law, which reflects the revised attitude to the modern means of communication. However, the reaction of the scientific community to this proposal has been extremely contradictive and contained both positive and negative arguments. The aim of the present research is to study the expediency and justification of using the means of electronic communication in the educational institutions, to analyse the criminological problems arising in this field, and to assess the legislative initiatives and opinions of the scientists of different scientific specialties referring to improving the interaction among the educational process participants.Materials and Methods. The overview analysis of the scientific criminological literature and respective legislation regarding the expediency and justification of using the means of communication for the educational purposes was carried out in the frame of the research. Among the methodological tools there were used the commonly accepted in Russia methods of scientific cognition: general scientific (dialectical method) and specific scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, logical, comparative legal, systemic methods).Results. In the frame of the research, the analysis of the various scientific opinions on acceptability of using the means of communication for the educational purposes was made. The criminological problems arising in this field and the existing legal regulation were studied, the opinions of scientists of different scientific specialties on this matter were evaluated. The conclusion about the negative effect of the long-term usage of a device on the learner’s academic progression was made, even though it was used for the educational purposes. According to the scientists’ opinion, this dependency can be explained by multitasking: the mobile phones have many applications and functions that naturally lead to frequent switching from one task to another, which happens in the educational process too. This entails worsening the quality of perception of the material. To change the situation, the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) and the Federal Service for Supervision of Education and Science (Rosobrnadzor) have developed the recommendations for the educational institutions and state authorities on reducing the negative impact of mobile devices on learners.Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the conducted research have led to the conclusion that the total prohibition of the means of communication usage for the educational purposes significantly complicates and slows down the development of learners’ cognitive activity. Moreover, the opinion of some of the researchers about potential threats caused by children having devices in an educational institution does not seem convincing from a criminological point of view, because a smartphone can act as a guaranty of child’s security, the means of communication with his parents and monitoring his movement and condition. The paragraph 3.5.3 of the sanitary rules and norms SP (СП) 2.4.3648-20, which regulates the prohibition of the mobile means of communication usage for the educational purposes at the lessons, should be revised. In our opinion, it should not be the prohibition, but the control over the usage of the electronic devices in the educational process.

Non-Verbal Communication of Metal Gong (Ukela) and Bamboo/Wooden Drum (Okpokro) in Ogba Traditional Setting

Communication is the process of passing on of information from one person/group to the other. It is the process by which one person or (a group) shares and imparts information to another person or (a group) shares and impact information to another person or (group) for better understanding. Therefore, it is the transfer of an understandable message hence it is an integral part of life. In Ogba, Ukela and Okpokro are clear means of information used locally just like emerging types of communication such as the internet, e-mail, facebook, and other modern means of communication. This paper explores this local non-verbal means of communication, with a view to strengthening the communication skills non-verbal without involving writing and speaking. The paper finds out that ‘Ukela’ and ‘Okpokro’ are used to disseminate information effectively. The Ogba people have the capabilities to decode the message of the metal gong Ukela and bamboo/wooden gong Okpokro and the innate ability to understand and interpret the message passed through the sounds; eliciting a possible feedback and effective communication. The study adopts the interview method for both primary and secondary data collection. Consequently, the purposive sampling technique is used to select the respondents and the primary and secondary data are qualitative in nature. This study finds out using popular culture and situational approach as a theoretical framework is apt. This paper strongly recommends this non-verbal means of communication for effective communication in the rural and uneducated population who can neither read nor write. The work therefore recommends the use of these non-verbal communication instruments in the locality given the high level of illiterate persons in the local settings in addition to the non-availability or epileptic supply of electricity in the rural environments.

Hybrid System for Image Restoration

The image processing field is considered one of the highly sensitive fields for accuracy due to the quality of the processing in view of the visual view of the user and due to the development in modern means of communication and the use of these means in the transfer of images and the impact of these means on several factors, including external, including those related to the quality of the source signal and the impact of the transmitted images by these conditions, digital correction processes have emerged to reach a high quality of the received image. Most of the studies and research on digital image correction have focused on the quality and time required for correction processes, and some have focused on using traditional optimization algorithms to obtain acceptable visual quality, while others have focused on shortening time regardless of quality, and due to the fact that all studies and research that have been viewed were focused on the use of speculative methods and hybrid algorithms to address distortion in images, as all weaknesses were related to time, quality and calculations because the size of the image data is large Very. The research aims to study digital images and then process images, optimization methods, genetic algorithms and accomplish an algorithm with high features. In this paper, the simple genetic algorithm is used in the process of correcting images of the type (.JPG), as this method is characterized by the fact that it includes many of the advantages of the previous methods in addition to additional features that provided quality, accuracy and shortening time in calculations. The paper has been completed in five phases: The first stage: Providing external protection for the system by entering the password. Second Stage: Creating the system's database. Third stage: Create (code book) in a new style based on the size of the file used. Fourth stage: Building the genetic algorithm for correction Fifth stage: Using a mathematical model to add distortion to a clear image, correct it and compare the results.

National museums of communication and postal service in postal miniature of Germany, France and Russia

In the second half of the 19th century, almost simultaneously with the establishment of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) in 1874, postal museums began to open across Europe. The first postal museums opened in the UPU founding countries — Germany and Russia. The objectives and concepts of these museums were presented differently to their organizers. In Germany they tried to cover the history of the world mail, in Russia — the development of telegraph, as the most modern means of communication, and France — demonstrated a desire to become the capital of typology. The creation of postal museums, which were seen not only as cultural phenomena but also as a national strategic element, also involved national governments (or their departments). The Second World War changed not only philatelic themes, but also influenced changes in display activities. Today there are postal museums in virtually every country in the world, but not every philatelic production reflects the stages of their creation and development. Images of world postal museums, their creators and exhibits in the Timbrology media space emphasize that postage stamps, in addition to their main purpose — payment for postal messages, perform supplementary functions — advertising and educational.

Regional economic disproportions and sustainability of regional economic systems under the 2022 sanctions

In the current economic and political environment, the primary task is to strive for technological independence and self-sufficiency of the economy with maximum reliance on its own resources in development, while not excluding economic expansion by increasing competitiveness of the economy in global market. The key competitive factor is innovativeness of products and services, as well as the degree of the most advanced production technologies implementation, which together have a decisive impact on the economy efficiency in both external and domestic markets. The widespread development of globalization trends, digitalization, modern means of communication, the territorial factor importance are replaced by the factors of technological, scientific, and innovative development. In this regard, it is an urgent task to study these processes and search for factors affecting the qualitative growth of processes and manufactured products efficiency. In the present study, using mathematical and statistical methods, it has been established that the decisive value for the economy efficiency on a national scale is the value of expenditures on research and development and experimental-construction works. This indicator has a direct impact on innovation processes both in the country as a whole and in individual regions. However, one of the significant obstacles in development and sustainability of regional economies is hyperconcentration of scientific expenditures in a few regions that has a negative impact on regional development efficiency.

Вдосконалення комунікативного забезпечення діяльності викладача як фактор підвищення якості освіти

The article is devoted to the study and analysis of effective strategies for improving the communication skills of teachers in the higher education system. The authors consider the importance of interaction between teachers and students as a key aspect of a successful teaching-learning process and highlight the impact of quality communication on the overall level of the educational process. It is important to note that modern means of communication open up new opportunities for the implementation of the process of education. The article provides a detailed description and characteristics of the concept of communicative support in higher education institutions. The analysis of the scientific literature on the outlined topic has been carried out. The main types of communication support in institutions of higher education have been considered and their impact on improving the quality of education has been analyzed. The necessity to introduce new forms and methods of learning that contribute to the development of communicative competence of higher education students has been substantiated. The article analyzes modern approaches to improving the communicative interaction of teachers and students, considering pedagogical, technological and psychological aspects. Methods of increasing the effectiveness of teachers' communication with students are taken into account, including the use of interactive methods, the use of modern means of communication and the development of teacher empathy. Statistical data are provided that give an estimate of the popularity of certain forms of communication between teachers and students. Statistical analysis is carried out in the article. The main trends in the development of communicative support of the educational process are outlined. The article notes that increasing the level of communicative competence of teachers is a key factor in improving the quality of education. The recommendations and practical advice given in the article can serve as a basis for the development of the programs and trainings to improve the communication skills of teachers in higher education institutions.

INTERNET AS AN IDEOLOGICAL STATE APPARATUS

This article analyzes the role of the Internet in modern society as an ideological apparatus of the state. The emergence of modern means of communication and mass communication (the Internet, mobile phones, etc.) created the possibility of receiving, storing and transmitting information without the direct participation of various subjects (public associations, authorities, politicians, parties) that impose their perception of the world. The authors consider how the transformation of ideology takes place, how it adapts to the information society. The article proves that ideology, despite certain negative connotations and, as it seemed ten years ago, a partial loss of influence, is still not an anachronism and remains a powerful tool for influencing mass consciousness. The authors analyze the key aspects of the impact of internetization on the formation of social consciousness and values. The article contains the results of a study of the use of the Internet by political forces and powerful groups that use the Internet to spread ideological views and influence citizens. The authors address the issue of privacy policies as dictating the agenda for the perception of various kinds of minorities and inequalities, and at the same time creating conditions for limiting freedom of thought. The main theses of the article are illustrated by individual examples of Internet platforms, such as the social networks “Facebook”, “Instagram”, as well as the streaming platform “Twitch”.

Roman Catholic Church and Cautious Embrace of Modern Communication Media

The Catholic Church has a complex history in its appropriation and use of modern means of communication. It has at various times sought to adapt and pushed back. Almost with equal measure, it has variously churned out instructions and guidelines and even condemnations on the heels of inventions and innovations that pushed the boundaries of traditional means of communication. For instance, the church transitioned from colourful medieval manuscripts to printed books with the invention of the printing press in the middle of the fifteenth century. Interestingly, whenever the church has been able to embrace any invention, it has almost always done so through the purviews of its mission of evangelisation. In contemporary times, Inter Mirifica (promulgated on 4 December 1963 by the Second Vatican Council) and Communio et progressio (23 May 1971) are two documents that signalled the church’s preparedness to accept the reality and phenomenon of the new frontiers ushered in by contemporary means of communication. The objective of this article is firstly to make a historical excursus of the Catholic Church’s embrace of the means of communication, characterised by caution and wariness, eagerness and enthusiasm. Secondly, it apportions a space to the Catholic Church in some African countries. It also highlights the importance attached to means of communication, especially the radio apostolate, by the local churches in those places. It does so by situating the media consciousness among local church hierarchies on the continent within the injunction of Pope John Paul II in Ecclesia in Africa.

FEATURES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MOBILE LEARNING IN THE LESSONS OF BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY IN THE 10TH CLASS

The article explores the possibilities and features of using mobile learning in the process of studying biology and ecology by 10th-grade students. Taking into account modern trends in education and the widespread use of mobile devices among teenagers, the article analyzes the pros and cons of implementing these technologies in natural science lessons. The article considers how mobile devices can be used to increase students’ motivation to study biology and ecology through the use of interactive applications, virtual laboratories and video materials. The possibilities of using mobile devices to individualize learning and create a comfortable environment for students’ independent work are also updated.The relevance of the relevant topic is that the modern educational space is rapidly developing under the influence of innovative technologies. Thanks to digital transformation, we are witnessing changes in the ways of learning and imparting knowledge. One such innovation is mobile learning, which is becoming increasingly relevant and popular in educational institutions around the world. Justifying the issues related to the implementation of mobile learning in biology and ecology lessons in the 10th grade, its essential characteristic is the consideration of a number of important aspects and issues, such as: the effectiveness of mobile learning, technological access, student motivation and pedagogical approaches.The purpose of the article is to consider the main aspects of the implementation of mobile learning in the lessons of biology and ecology in the 10th grade. Letʼs try to determine what features and advantages the use of mobile technologies has in the educational process. Achieving the set goal will help teachers and students to more effectively use modern means of communication and mobile technologies to enrich the process of studying biology and ecology.
 Keywords: mobile learning (m-learning); mobile technologies; mobile applications; internet environment; education; technology; “bring your own device”, application; educational process; natural Sciences.

Application of the theory of stakeholders in assessing the investment attractiveness of corporate structures

Purpose of the article is to describe the authors' proposal on the use of the concept of stakeholders in assessing the investment attractiveness of corporate structures, an alternative to traditional fundamental investment analysis.Methods: the basis of the research is the expansion of ideas about the factors affecting the investment attractiveness of the corporate structure on the basis of multi-subject assessments, in accordance with the theory of stakeholders.Results: currently, the investment attractiveness of a large corporate structure is formed under the influence of a variety of financial and nonfinancial factors that depend on actions or judgments broadcast (via the media, the Internet or other modern means of communication), not only by investors, but also by other interested parties. The approach proposed by the authors to assessing investment attractiveness differs in that it is based on the need to meet the information needs of various groups of stakeholders, not just investors. To achieve this goal, two interrelated tasks have been solved in the work. Firstly, the impact of factors influenced by stakeholders on the indicators of investment attractiveness is considered. Secondly, the assessment of investment attractiveness is carried out on the basis of information about the company's solution of environmental, social and other modern tasks.Conclusions And Relevance: the approach considered in the article, which involves the use of the theory of stakeholders to study the factors that influence investment attractiveness, has practical importance for corporate structures. The authors' calculations made on the basis of open information from one of the largest Russian oil and gas companies, PJSC Lukoil, confirm the hypothesis about the correctness of using the theory of stakeholders as another approach to assessing the investment attractiveness of the company. The calculations illustrate the significant closeness of the relationship between indicators traditionally used in assessing investment attractiveness and non-financial indicators that reflect the information needs of not only investors, but also other stakeholders (employees, customers, suppliers, financial institutions, the media, environmentalists, trade unions, etc.).

ЖУРНАЛИСТИКА: ПОИСКИ ОТВЕТОВ НА ВЫЗОВЫ ВРЕМЕНИ

The article discusses the factors contributing to the emergence of journalism as a professional activity and a social institution from the appearance of the Gutenberg machine tool to modern information technologies. This shows the close connection between journalism and mass communications. Professional and ethical standards of journalism are considered as a necessary condition for its functioning, going beyond which threatens the death of the profession. Journalism is presented as an institution, the full functioning of which is possible only in a democracy, where it is able to perform the functions of social management and be regulated by ethical standards developed by the professional community. The purpose of the article is to identify the contradictions that exist in theoretical approaches to understanding the nature of journalism and its public mission, as well as to consider the role of information technology and modern means of communication in managing public life when journalism loses its “authority”. The key theoretical basis of the study is the provision on the “double” nature of journalism, developed in the works of E. P. Prokhorov, G. V. Lazutina, who explain the current situation with the peculiarities of the social development of journalism. The research methods included a theoretical and conceptual synthesis of the works of researchers devoted to the history and theory of the media and journalism. Among the results of the study, we include the concretization of the conditions under which journalism can perform “double” tasks caused by its “double nature”: somehow freedom and autonomy from the forces of influence. In a democracy, journalism is able to participate in the management of public life, report information about real events and exercise self-regulation. But when the authorities put journalists in a subordinate position, journalism goes into the “underground” zone and cannot be a public good. New media and modern means of communication give modern journalism a chance to maintain its social status even under the most negative scenario for the development of society. Media freelance is presented in the article as a way of autonomous functioning of the media, which allows modern journalists to be independent of the authorities in the implementation of professional tasks. At the same time, the creation of information products outside of editorial teams brings us back to the traditions of “personal journalism” of the Enlightenment, when journalism was not a social institution and did not control the life of society. The development of information technologies, which led to a change in the way of life of people and the scope of their professional activity, today’s socio-political realities indicate a change in the position of journalism in Russia, one of the most important social institutions.

The risks associated with the use of social media by Generation Z

The development of social media has had a significant impact on society and Generation Z has been directly affected by the new modern means of communication. In addition to the positive implications, there are a wide range of risks to which users are exposed on the Internet. Direct social interactions, physical activities, time spent with friends in nature are alternatives to limit the time spent online. Through informative campaigns, appropriate laws and collaboration between educational agents young people can develop the skills they need to cope with risky situations. Thus, the positive effects of the online environment should be maximized to contribute to personal development. The methodology of the research was characterized by the method of focus groups, and the group that was studied was made up of 13 young people. The main results highlight the existing risks for the active users of social networks, such as: addiction, narcissism, destruction of interpersonal relationships, exposure to immorality, etc.

Option of Inspection and its applications in Takhar Province – Afghanistan

The topic of "option of inspection" is one of the topics that old and contemporary jurists talked about and conveyed different opinions on this issue. It means that the purchaser has the right to sign the contract or rescind it upon seeing the thing contracted for if he did not see it at the creation of the contract or before it. Selling has become common among merchants without the buyer seeing the sold item in general, due to the development of types of sale and their holding between the followers of different countries and through modern means of communication, in which the buyer does not see the sale in most of its forms, except after moving from one store to another, and due to not seeing it, he can be able to do so. The type of sales is some deception, so the purchaser of absent objects needs to prove the option of seeing, in order to ward off the illusions of deception. We wanted to do research on this topic to reveal its different angles. The purpose of the current study is to find out the correct opinion about it and explain it to people. In order to find his legal ruling, we searched for him in the expressive books and the opinions of the jurists of the ancients, the later ones, and the contemporary, and to find out the most correct saying in the quality of the proof of the vision option, we conducted a dialogue with scholars, sheikhs, university professors, and merchants in the form of questionnaires that are mentioned in the last pages.