Modern Materials Research Articles

Hybrid Inclusion Materials Based on Chiral Nematic Mesoporous Organosilica with Incorporated Cyclodextrin Receptors.

The creation of multicomponent materials with desired properties and functions is a challenge of modern materials chemistry. Chiral nematic mesoporous organosilicas have iridescent properties that make them attractive for decoration and sensing. In this paper, we demonstrate the chemical functionalization of chiral nematic mesoporous organosilica films with cyclodextrin. In this way, we have been able to create chiral nematic mesoporous films with macrocyclic molecules on the surface to obtain a new class of hybrid inclusion materials.

Mucosal injuries from indwelling catheters: A scoping review.

There is currently a lack of clarity concerning the types and frequency of mucosa injuries occurring in urine bladders among patients with indwelling urine catheters that are of modern design and material. The aim of the study was to identify and present the available information regarding mucosa injuries in urine bladders among adult patients with indwelling urine catheters. The research question was: What is known about mucosa injuries in urine bladders among patients with indwelling urine catheters? A scoping review applying the patient, exposure, and outcome framework. A preliminary search was made to identify the keywords, and the selection process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis flow diagram. The final search across five databases retrieved a total of 8,883 records. Eight studies from three countries were included and the studies used two main methods for collecting data. Eleven concepts to describe the injuries were identified, with a range from one to five studies using the same concept. Mucosa injuries, of which polypoid cystitis was most frequently reported, occurred in all studies, and ranged from 41% to 100% per study. The size of injured area varied between 0.5 to 2.5 cm. The posterior wall of the bladder was the most common area where injuries were found. This scoping review sheds light on the limited understanding of mucosal injuries in urine bladders among adult patients with indwelling urinary catheters. Moving forward, concerted efforts are warranted to bridge existing knowledge gaps to enhance our understanding of mucosal injuries and improve clinical outcomes for adult patients with indwelling urinary catheters. The lack of a robust scientific base for the impact of indwelling urine catheters on the urine bladder mucosa warrants future studies.

Are we fitting data or noise? Analysing the predictive power of commonly used datasets in drug-, materials-, and molecular-discovery.

Data-driven techniques for establishing quantitative structure property relations are a pillar of modern materials and molecular discovery. Fuelled by the recent progress in deep learning methodology and the abundance of new algorithms, it is tempting to chase benchmarks and incrementally build ever more capable machine learning (ML) models. While model evaluation has made significant progress, the intrinsic limitations arising from the underlying experimental data are often overlooked. In the chemical sciences data collection is costly, thus datasets are small and experimental errors can be significant. These limitations of such datasets affect their predictive power, a fact that is rarely considered in a quantitative way. In this study, we analyse commonly used ML datasets for regression and classification from drug discovery, molecular discovery, and materials discovery. We derived maximum and realistic performance bounds for nine such datasets by introducing noise based on estimated or actual experimental errors. We then compared the estimated performance bounds to the reported performance of leading ML models in the literature. Out of the nine datasets and corresponding ML models considered, four were identified to have reached or surpassed dataset performance limitations and thus, they may potentially be fitting noise. More generally, we systematically examine how data range, the magnitude of experimental error, and the number of data points influence dataset performance bounds. Alongside this paper, we release the Python package NoiseEstimator and provide a web-based application for computing realistic performance bounds. This study and the resulting tools will help practitioners in the field understand the limitations of datasets and set realistic expectations for ML model performance. This work stands as a reference point, offering analysis and tools to guide development of future ML models in the chemical sciences.

Aluminium-SiC-B4C Hybrid Composites- An Overview on the Mechanical Properties

Abstract: Modern growth necessitates the use of modern engineering materials for a variety of engineering applications, and demand for these materials is continually rising. Metal matrix composite is a dependable supply of the material that has been shown to be advantageous in every part of advancement for meeting such demands.With composites, materials are blended in a way that allows us to maximize the benefits of their parent material while somewhat reducing the consequences of any shortcomings. The word "Composites" simply refers to materials that have been combined to increase their qualities.Due to their low density and good mechanical properties, improved corrosion resistance and wear, and low thermal coefficient of expansion when compared to conventional metals and alloys, aluminium composites, among the available composite materials, are in higher demand and are therefore frequently used in the aerospace and automotive industries. However, the properties of the materials can he further enhanced with addition of the reinforcement materials like SiC, Al2O3 and B4C. Hence in the present investigation an attempt is made to process a composite material with a combination of SiC and B4C as reinforcement materials followed by the evaluation of the mechanical properties. The results of the study indicate a progressive strength in the processed materials.

Analysis of E-Commerce and Traditional Marketing Mode From the Perspective of Ecological Environment Protection

In recent years, in the process of creating modern material civilization, problems such as ecological environment imbalance and deterioration, resource and energy crisis, environmental pollution, and population expansion have emerged. With the development of social economy, in order to meet people's higher consumption needs, green marketing has gradually developed into a typical new concept marketing model in the era of people-oriented marketing. In order to achieve marketing success in fierce market competition, enterprises must adapt to new situations, keep up with the times in marketing concepts and methods, and apply new marketing methods in order to achieve sustainable development. Therefore, this article conducts corresponding research and analysis on e-commerce and traditional markets based on the ecological environment. The research in this article has laid a certain foundation for future research on e-commerce and traditional markets under the mechanism of ecological environment protection.

Dynamic Adaptability and Prediction Optimization in Power Material Supply Chains using XGBoost

Accurate material demand forecasts are crucial for the effective preparation of power material supply plans. Collaborating with suppliers in the material supply chain and establishing a cooperation mechanism based on mutual trust, information sharing and risk exchange can synchronize operations and enhance management efficiency. Therefore, it is particularly important to thoroughly investigate methods for improving the dynamic adaptability of modern (intelligent) material supply chains and enhancing the management of enterprise material flow. Under this background, we have made research and got the following conclusions: (1) there are six stages in the life cycle of electric power materials. The cost percentage in the planning stage accounts for 5%; the cost percentage in the design stage accounts for 10%; the cost percentage of the manufacturing stage accounts for 37.5%; the cost percentage of the installation stage accounts for 20% and the cost percentage in the operation stage accounts for 15%. Different models predict power materials and XGboost has a better prediction ability. (2) Power material supply chain data quality management is mainly divided into material support system. The first-level index is 0.413, the second-level index system is 0.578 and the weight is 0.7096. The first-level index of logistics timeliness is 0.379, the second-level index is 0.469 and the weight is 0.2577.

TIMING OF CARIES TREATMENT OF PRIMARY MOLARS USING RUBBER DAM

Preservation of primary molars is extremely important in the process of forming both a temporary and, in the future, a permanent bite. Therefore, working with children of an early younger age requires adequate adaptation of the child both by the doctor and the guardian. The use of modern materials that provide highquality treatment of caries and its complications in children requires absolute isolation at the children's reception in order to be able to count on the success of the treatment. Numerous studies have been published in the literature, confirming the better preservation of restorations and sealants, during the installation of which rubber dam was used. We analyzed the treatment of 40 children diagnosed with acute middle caries of temporary molars. All treatment is divided into two stages, the duration of which we compared. The first stage included: adaptation of the child, photo protocol, analgesia and isolation of the working field, i.e. we included the application of a cofferdam to the first stage. The second stage is the direct treatment of caries: preparation and filling of the tooth, that is, the stages that are the most psycho-emotionally difficult for the child. In the first group, the stages of adaptation and treatment were the longest. In the second group, the adaptation stage was shorter, and the treatment stage, compared to the first group, took 5 minutes more, which is almost 20% of the total treatment time. The most emotionally and technically difficult stage for the child was shorter in time in the group where the rubber dam was used. In addition, the probable difference in the duration of the treatment stage in the studied groups was determined.

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Traditional and Modern Materials in Heritage Building Restoration: A Case Study from Ushaiger Village

This paper presents a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of the traditional and modern materials used in heritage building restoration, focusing on mud, limestone, decorative plaster, blended hydraulic cement, and ready-mix concrete. The analysis examines key environmental impact categories, including global warming potential (GWP), ozone depletion potential (ODP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), and water use across multiple life cycle stages. The results reveal that mud and limestone, while having lower initial environmental impacts in production, contribute significantly to ODP and GWP during transportation due to their heavy weight. Modern materials like blended hydraulic cement and ready-mix concrete exhibit the highest overall environmental impacts, particularly in GWP, AP, and water use, due to their energy-intensive production processes. Decorative plaster, while lower in initial impacts, gains higher environmental burdens over time due to its frequent replacement. This study highlights the need to optimize transportation and improve recycling practices for traditional materials, while also encouraging the exploration of alternative materials for reducing the environmental footprint of heritage restoration.

ESTIMATION OF ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION FOR WATER TRANSPORTATION IN PRESSURE PIPELINES AFTER THEIR REPAIR

The issues of using pipes made of different materials in water supply systems and the current situation with the technical condition of pressure pipeline transport are considered. It is noted that in order to ensure the standard service life of pipelines, it is necessary to carry out high-quality repair and restoration work using trenchless technologies and modern building materials, which include polymer pipes and flexible hoses. The object of research is a section of a dilapidated steel pipeline network of a certain thickness, diameter, depth and groundwater level above the tray. For the renovation of the pipeline, internal protective coatings are used, applied by dragging new pre-compressed polymer pipes and flexible polymer sleeves based on fiberglass. A description of trenchless technologies is presented, as well as automated programs that implement the tasks of determining the technological parameters (wall thickness of a polymer pipe and a polymer sleeve), hydraulic calculation of pressure losses depending on the degree of roughness of the pipeline walls, the inner diameter of a new two-layer pipe structure when passing a certain water flow, as well as the amount of electricity consumed for water transportation when appropriate wall thicknesses of protective coatings.

ANALYSIS OF MODERN METHODS OF TRANSPORTATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS BY SPIRAL-SCREW TRANSPORTERS

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern methods of transporting agricultural products using spiral-screw conveyors. The agriculture of Ukraine and the world needs effective technical means capable of comprehensively providing transportation, loading, unloading, storage and processing of various types of products, including bulk, liquid and semi-liquid materials. The research indicates that the existing means do not fully satisfy the requirements for productivity and versatility, as they are metal- and energy-intensive and do not always meet the conditions of complex production tasks. Special attention in the work is paid to promising designs of rodless spiral-screw conveyors, which have increased compactness, energy efficiency, and the ability to transport materials with different physical and chemical properties. The proposed research is based on experimental methods and modeling of the transportation process, which allows to evaluate the parameters and mode of operation of conveyors in different conditions. In addition, analytical expressions are provided for determining performance and calculating optimal parameters that improve planning accuracy and reduce costs. Research results demonstrate the possibility of creating resource-saving technologies for transporting agricultural materials, which ensures increased efficiency in production processes. The proposed innovations are of great importance for the agricultural industry, as they contribute to the development of a modern material and technical base and increase the competitiveness of agricultural products.

Impact of Room Colors and Construction Materials on Temperature Distribution in Tropical Climate: An Experimental Study in Nonthaburi, Thailand

This experimental research investigates the thermal performance of different room colors and construction materials under Thailand's tropical climate conditions. The study was conducted over a six-month period in Nonthaburi, Thailand, examining temperature variations across multiple room configurations. Using precision monitoring equipment, we analyzed how traditional Thai building materials and various wall colors affect indoor temperature distribution. The research encompassed both modern and traditional Thai construction materials, including concrete, brick, traditional teak wood, and bamboo, combined with different wall colors (white, cream, terra cotta, and dark blue). Results demonstrated that rooms with traditional materials like teak wood maintained lower average temperatures (by 3.2°C) compared to modern concrete structures, while light-colored walls showed up to 4.1°C temperature difference compared to darker colors during peak sunshine hours.

Modern Materials and Technologies for Restoration of Concrete Building Structures

The article analyzes the operation of cement concrete road and airfield structures. Factors influencing the formation and development of deformities. The materials and technologies that are used in the construction, reconstruction and repair of road and airfield pavements, their advantages and disadvantages are considered. The issues of increasing the durability of concrete have been studied.

Optimization of Strength and Plasticity in Layered Aluminum Composites Through High-Pressure Torsion Treatment

The development of high-strength aluminum alloys with improved ductility is a crucial challenge for modern materials science, as high strength and ductility tend to be mutually exclusive properties. In this work, the composite material was fabricated using wire arc additives manufactured from AA1050 (commercially pure aluminum) and AA5056 (an Al–Mg system alloy) aluminum alloys. It was demonstrated that the addition of a lower-strength material into a high-strength matrix enhances the potential for deformation localization and results in an increased plasticity of the composite material. A further strengthening of the composite material was achieved through its deformation by a high-pressure torsion (HPT) technique. The mechanical properties of the material were thoroughly investigated before and after the HPT treatment. Static strength and plasticity were analyzed as a function of the deformation degree. Microstructural analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The optimal deformation route, providing the best combination of mechanical properties, was experimentally identified, along with key microstructural parameters of the formed composite with a bimodal grain structure. A deformation level corresponding to 36% of shear stress provides a yield stress of up to 570 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of up to 664 MPa, and a relative elongation to failure of up to 7%. As a result of the deformation treatment, characteristic substructures with dimensions of ~250 nm and >1000 nm are formed, with a volume ratio of approximately 80/20.

Альтюссерианский подход к интерпретации политической теологии Жан-Жака Руссо

The article is devoted to the materialistic interpretation of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s political theology by Louis Althusser. This approach is particularly interesting because it treats materialism in a completely different plane from that of Marxism. Emphasizing the contingency of the emergence of the civil state, Althusser places Rousseau within the general tradition of modern materialism, the distinctive features of which are anti-theocentrism and anti-historicism. At the same time, Althusser emphasizes that Rousseau had a radically different view on the origins of human society from the ideas of other Enlightenment philosophers. This allowed Althusser to separate Rousseauism from the traditional political philosophy of the 18th century. For this reason, the parallel interpretation of Rousseau’s views in the sphere of political theology does not in any way contradict the materialist interpretation of his teachings. In this article, the author scrutinizes the history of different approaches to the understanding of matter and materiality, and compares alternative perspectives on Rousseau’s political theory. The article shows, that Althusser’s interpretation was openly deconstructivist, even though it was based on the subjects brought up by Rousseau himself. In the final part, the author also touches upon the concept of multiple temporality, which, being closely connected with materialism, has a pure Rousseau’s origin.

Beyond Rebirth: Materiality and Recycling in Thai Amulets

The materials used to create Thai amulets are significant and often symbolic, affecting their perceived efficacy. Recently, modern materials like recycled plastic and glass have gained popularity, reflecting societal concerns such as environmental sustainability. These innovative amulets offer a critique of consumerism in Thai amulet culture, forging connections between Buddhism and environmentalism. Recycled plastic amulets created by Qualy Design & Dots Design Studio exemplify how materiality conveys Buddhist concepts. Despite their modern composition, these amulets are still ritually activated by monks, illustrating the evolving relationship between Buddhist material culture and environmental consciousness.

Improvement of mathematical methods for ensuring security based on real-time video sequence analysis

Purpose of research. Currently, mathematical methods of video sequence analysis represent a structured set of approaches to image recognition based on the difference in the glow of different image areas. Many of these values are described using mathematical dependencies, however, existing approaches work only for standard images obtained during video data processing. The purpose of this study is to develop a new approach to analyzing images obtained, including those using terahertz radiation, which has specific characteristics, both physical and mathematical.Methods. The following theoretical and empirical scientific methods were used in this study. Analysis (the analysis of the currently known mathematical methods of image processing in order to recognize images is carried out). Synthesis (a fundamentally new approach to security systems is proposed, which is a single system consisting of separate interconnected subsystems). Modeling (an information model of a security system based on ACS has been developed using a system for analyzing and recognizing potentially dangerous objects based on a real-time video stream).Mathematization (the image analysis system is described in the language of mathematical laws and formulas).Results. As a result of the research based on the analysis of modern materials, the concept of a security system based on real-time video sequence analysis with the use of advanced object scanning technologies is proposed in the future. As the main innovation, an improved Viola-Jones image analysis method is proposed using an additional set characterizing the feature space of objects in the terahertz radiation range.Conclusion. The use of high-frequency scanning technologies with intelligent object image recognition systems in real time will significantly reduce the risks of intruders entering protected facilities, as well as increase the safety of citizens with relatively low costs for the development and implementation of upgraded security systems.

Effect of Load-Bearing Wall Material on Building Dynamic Properties.

Nowadays, more and more buildings are being constructed from various types of modern materials. Many works have been written about these materials, which primarily focus on the influence of their properties on the thermal and acoustic insulation of, for example, building walls. However, there are very few publications analyzing the influence of construction materials on the dynamic properties of building structures and their vibration behavior. Yet, vibrations are dangerous for building structures. In the analysis of dynamic issues, the dynamic properties of objects should primarily be taken into account because the dynamic response of a building depends on the values of these parameters. This article focuses on numerically determining and analyzing the impact of load-bearing wall construction material on building dynamic properties-natural vibration frequencies and mode shapes. Seven building construction materials were considered, and then nine variants of building load-bearing walls made from these materials were analyzed. The analyses were carried out on the example of a low-rise administrative building structure. The building was modeled using the finite element method (FEM) with three-dimensional (3D) model analysis. Three variants of 3D FEM models were proposed, validated, and compared. A notable impact of load-bearing wall material properties on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of building structures was found. Two issues could be mentioned as the main new contributions of this paper: numerical analysis and comparing the effect of various building construction materials on dynamic building properties and the proposition and validation of various approaches to 3D FEM building load-bearing wall modeling. The findings of this research are of important significance and should be taken into account when constructing buildings subjected to dynamic loading or analyzing the possible harmful effects of various types of vibrations on buildings.

Анализ целесообразности применения полимерных обсадных труб из различных полимерных материалов для оборудования технологических скважин подземного выщелачивания урана

Uranium mining in the Soviet Union and in Russia was accompanied by the use of casing pipes made of various materials for the construction of technological wells: steel, plywood, stainless steel, low-density polyethylene, high-pressure polyethylene, metal-plastic, fiberglass, polyvinyl chloride. The method of borehole underground uranium is currently the most used in the world. Russia is no exception in this matter. The reliability of production technological wells is determined by the quality of the casing pipes used for fastening. The purpose of the study is to consider the applicability of pipes made of various materials for the construction of wells. The object of the study is the deposits of borehole in-situ leaching of uranium. The purpose of the study is to compare the properties of casing pipes made of different materials, to develop recommendations for the use of pipes made of modern materials. The research methods are to collect information on previously used casing pipes for the construction of technological wells, to analyze the results obtained, formulations of the tasks that must be solved when choosing pipes, determining the promising material for pipe manufacturing. The issue of choosing casing pipe material for the equipment of technological wells is little covered in modern sources, the last studies date back to the period of 1983–1987. The article summarizes the results of well-known works on the topic under consideration. The author analyzes the physical and mechanical characteristics of individual materials, provides comparative data on pipe materials, and describes the features of the technology for manufacturing polymer pipes from some of the materials under consideration generation with higher performance characteristics (pipes made of oriented polyvinyl chloride). The analysis showed that the use of polymer pipes should take into account: the period of use after manufacture; their storage period; aging of polymers; storage conditions; design characteristics for determining the strength of pipes depending on the life of wells; the temperature of the pipes when they are lowered into the well.

Проблемы развития наукоградов Российской Федерации

This article is devoted to the need for the development of cities with the status of a science city of the Russian Federation, whose innovative structure is aimed at creating unique scientific and technical developments and products. The paper analyzed the main indicators of science cities of the Russian Federation (funding volumes, population, etc.), and identified problems affecting the development of these territories. The author also notes that the main task for the state is the economic growth and sovereignty of the country, which can be achieved through the training of highly qualified personnel, breakthrough research and development, modern material and technical base and innovative activities. Further development of the country is possible only thanks to the return of the former image to the science cities of the Russian Federation — the development of territories with high scientific and innovative potential, with a comfortable urban environment attractive for work and life.

Optimization of Turning of Inconel 625 to Improve Surface Quality After Finishing Process.

The process of machining the modern engineering materials, such as nickel-based superalloys, still requires improvement. This paper focuses on comparing the turning process of Inconel 625 superalloy using three types of cutting inserts to obtain the finishing process. The influence of cutting data, such as cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting depth, on the machined surface quality, surface quality were selected. The novelty of the research, described in the article, is the optimization of the machining of Inconel 625 by using the stepwise selection of parameters. The most important issue is that the stepwise method can be used in industry, where increasingly new nickel-chromium materials with more specific strength properties are used for parts.