Modern Management Practices Research Articles

Ethical paradigms in business and society

Introduction. Ethical conduct emerges as a topic of discussion especially when conflicts arise between people, which cannot be resolved by regulation because of new circumstances and situations, or when legal norms prove insufficient or are disregarded, therefore leading to ethically unacceptable practices. Ethical issues of this kind are now at the forefront of social treatment, mainly because modern management practices have become increasingly problematic, areas of activity are expanding, and businesses and other forms of activity are increasingly under ethical pressures from multiple stakeholders. According, ethical behaviour is becoming a global issue and a pressing topic both in general and professional discussions; scientific analysis is therefore extremely relevant.
 Aim and tasks. This article’s aim is to study the ethical principles and morally ethical problems that arise in various business environments, such as medical, technical, legal, and commercial, as well as in sectors, including state, non-governmental, and private markets. It also explores ethical bases change over time and depending on social flows. Undoubtedly, stakeholders are interested in such ethics-based governance, which means that ethical issues should be effectively put into practice. The study identifies the key paradigms of how different sectors operate and what issues arise.
 Results. The diachronic study finds that there was almost no interest in studying business ethics over the last century. The beginning of the 21st century saw strong increase in interest regarding these issues, as evidenced by the number of studies and analyses, the introduction of ethical business courses, and other ethical issues. Hyperconnected modern society is increasingly globally interdependent, wherefore interest in the appropriate culture and ethics of action is increasing with the aim of reducing risks and conflicts. Nongovernmental organizations increasingly involved in these processes, develop their business practices of responsibility and care for vulnerable groups and the environment. They have indirectly become a strong factor in leveraging for the ethical conduct of free market operators as well as state/public institutions.
 Conclusions. The existing studies identified seven key ethical paradigms that emerge in the operation of non-governmental, state, and market sectors, differing in key two dimensions: the first extends from emphasizing community (communitarianism) to exposing individuality, and the second from self-orientation (egocentricity) to a focus on the other (sociocentricity). On this basis, an array of various approaches to ethics can emerge, providing for useful tools for the professional analysis of business practices, as well as to assist stakeholders in introducing better business at all levels.

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES OF EDUCATIONAL ENTERPRISES: PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL ASPECTS

This paper focuses on the dynamic capabilities theory and foresight theory in whole to the problem of the human capital in education and its management. The main channel for building up dynamic abilities and foresight competencies of educational enterprises and specialists, as well as the focus of foresight research in modern science and management practice is working with human resources, with the human capital of firms, communities, and countries. This work also includes work with social and cultural capital, focused on improving the culture of relationships in communities, including the culture of the state, society and business. The orientation of the world social development to increase the innovation component in the economic, social and spiritual spheres of society and in its education, led to the recognition of human capital as a leading and decisive factor in the socio-economic development of systems of various scales and levels. Scientists notes that in modern conditions of globalization of markets and transnationalization of economic relations, as well as a significant level of intellectualization of modern business processes, human capital and education in business and in other spheres is a decisive factor in the compe-titiveness of national economy on the different levels. This moment is especially noticeable in the studies of the dynamic abilities of educational enterprises and the management of educational enterprises. This moment is also especially noticeable in foresight studies and other reconstructions of the past, present and future development of organizations. Dynamic capabilities are required if the firm is to sustain itself as markets and technologies change, although some firms will be stronger than others in performing some or all of these tasks. Foresight is a system of methods of transformation of priorities in the sphere of economy and production, social and cultural development, and in education. Human resource management in education is an important part of the problem of the dynamic abilities of educational enterprises. The management of selection, training, retraining and personnel development, the formation and enrichment of technologies for managing professional and career development are naturally part of a dynamically and steadily developing enterprise. Foresight of the development of the educational enterprise as a leading aspect includes a general assessment of the professional and career potential of the organization’s employees, as well as the dynamic abilities of the organization’s manager (his ability and willingness to diversify activities, training and retraining, etc.) and other specialists. The purpose of the study – analysis of foresight competence as a component of dynamic capabilities (competences) of the educational enterprises and specialists of educational enterprises in context of the human capital problems. Foresight involves the use and transformation meta-technology ("routines") of enterprise and innovation in the field of production and relations of production. It is aimed at the allocation and use of markers of change – weak and strong signals of future and probable changes. Active and accurate identification of these markers changes in education, including application and modification of routine or meta-technology of enterprise management, not only allows to predict "unpredictable", but also to intervene in the process flow, correcting them with the least expenditure of forces, material, mental and spiritual resources. In addition, it allows you to influence the markets themselves and the surrounding enterprise reality in general. Thanks to the foresight competence and ability, the specialist in education and his company productively adapt to changes in environment (market and society), but also participate in changing it.

РЕФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ: РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ

The article examines the impact of land reform on modern management practices in the agricultural sector through a change in the foundations of land relations, ensuring an acceptable efficiency in the use of land resources.

Accounting for Slavery: Masters and Management by Caitlin Rosenthal

Reviewed by: Accounting for Slavery: Masters and Management by Caitlin Rosenthal Julia W. Bernier Accounting for Slavery: Masters and Management. By Caitlin Rosenthal. (Cambridge, Mass., and London: Harvard University Press, 2018. Pp. xvi, 295. $35.00, ISBN 978-0-674-97209-4.) In Accounting for Slavery: Masters and Management, Caitlin Rosenthal presents a compelling “business history of plantation slavery” (p. 8). Rosenthal argues that slavery created a special set of conditions that allowed for modern business management and organizational practices to take shape. Rather than representing slavery as a strain on capitalist enterprise, Rosenthal shows that the unfree labor on which the plantation system depended allowed for intensive tracking, managing, and increased production in ways that were particular to slavery. Slavery allowed for long-term supervision of the enslaved in ways not possible in wage-labor economies that experienced high turnover. This data could lead to innovation and increased productivity in ways typically associated with capitalist business management. Rosenthal shows how the management of plantation systems in the West Indies and the United States mirrored advances that have been more closely followed in the field of traditional business history. She first reveals how eighteenth-century plantations in the West Indies were early models of the “multidivisional form” of organized and hierarchical production (p. 16). For Rosenthal, absentee ownership, particularly prevalent among English planters in the region, represented not so much decline but “a sign of sophistication and managerial complexity,” as a marker of separation between ownership and management (p. 43). Standardization and “paper technologies,” as Rosenthal describes them, allowed these accounting practices to circle the Anglo-Atlantic world (p. 63). Rosenthal excels at revealing how paper and people helped create standardized practices for the management of plantations. Preprinted forms in plantation ledger books made ideas travel well, as did young accountants with experience on the plantations. In the second half of the book, Rosenthal shows how the enslaved provided both the labor and the capital that allowed these systems to flourish. With their record keeping, some enslavers followed the value, depreciation, and markets for enslaved people as capital. Rosenthal argues that enslaved people were never completely commodified by slavery’s market because they were never “fully fungible” (p. 149). While enslavers followed the changing value of their human property, in ways similar to other long-term investments of the period, profit was not always readily apparent in relation to costs. Recording the value of the enslaved did provide economic opportunity in the form of mortgages and loans, which could also lead to investment and greater profits. Yet only through loans and sales could the value of the enslaved as human capital be used. What was often more important to enslavers was to improve methods to make the most efficient use of enslaved people’s labor. Productivity depended on early iterations of scientific management, agricultural advancements, and [End Page 472] control of the enslaved. Rosenthal’s work with plantation account books shows that “power enabled precise management” (p. 86). Tracking the work of the enslaved could make for more efficient labor systems. Enslavers and managers recorded data and experimented with planting techniques, punishment, and sometimes reward to increase production. The enslaved, however, were people who could stand in the way of even the most impressive innovations. As Rosenthal makes clear, each of these developments depended on power. This power was not absolute; the enslaved made themselves known as human beings rather than as perfectly willing parts of the plantation “as a kind of human machine” (p. 115). Yet the terror of slavery was routinized in ways that facilitated data collection and the implementation of new productivity schemes. In so many ways, technological advance depended on the enslaved and the violence enacted toward them. Rosenthal reminds readers throughout the book that even paperwork could enact its own chilling kind of brutality. These systems also depended on legal mechanisms that, of course, eventually changed. The capability of former enslavers to maintain such strict control over African Americans weakened during Reconstruction and through the Jim Crow era, but accounting as a mechanism of control remained and was used to the distinct disadvantage of those caught up in sharecropping, tenancy, and debt peonage. By exposing...

Solid Waste Management and Incineration Practice: A Study of Bangladesh

Considering the geographical location and one of the very densely populated countries in the world, Bangladesh is very vulnerable to climate change and its adaptability. This paper has been designed with an attempt to inform the policy maker of Bangladesh regarding the potentiality of MSW as a renewable source of energy in Bangladesh. It deals with modern waste collection, management and incineration practices based on densely populated cities or towns like Bogura Municipality and Chattogram City Corporation. Waste to Energy (WtE) conversions not only reduce the land pressure problem in urban areas, but also generate electricity and heat to supply to the surrounding urban areas. The increase in generation of methane (CH4) from municipal solid wastes (MSW) alarms the world to take suitable initiative for the sustainable management of MSW, as it is stronger than carbon dioxide (CO2). By burning one mole of CH4, 890 kJ·mol-1 heat is produced which is a major source of energy. This treatment technology is used in destruction of solid waste by controlled burning at high temperatures. With the release of heat, it can be accompanied and this heat from combustion can be converted into energy. This type of incineration is a high-quality treatment for Municipal or City Corporation solid waste like Bangladesh where were over crowded cities, towns and it can reduce the quantity and volume of a large amount of waste to landfill, which can recover energy and dispose in the compact zone. The results also examined that the total amount of solid waste produced in Bogura municipality is lower than that of Chattogram City Corporation. The percentage compositions of waste patterns are shown in both the Cities. The paper discusses these problems, analyses and finally, a recommendation has been proposed in order to understand the industrial situation enhanced.

К ВОПРОСУ ТЕОРИИ И МЕТОДИКИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОСТИ И ХАОСА КРИЗИСА COVID-19

The article considers the current problems of modern science and management practice as a consequence of the exacerbation of the economic crisis COVID-19. The relevance and inevitability of introducing management into the practice of uncertainty and permanently occurring crises in the world of a fundamentally new management methodology, chaos management, is substantiated. The methodological features of the application of tools and methods of chaos management in overcoming the business crisis COVID-19 are disclosed based on the development and implementation of nonstandard behavioral strategies of the business in real time

Use of Drones in Cadastral Works and Precision Works in Silviculture and Agriculture

A new technology based on GPS and aerophotographic determinations has begun to be used on a larger scale. Currently many tractors and machines are equipped with such technology, which allows the owners and administrators of agricultural land to practice a modern agriculture called “precision agriculture”. Our approach deals with two very important aspects regarding the agricultural and forest areas, namely the cadastral records and inventory and the precision works. Regarding the preparation of the topo-cadastral documentation it was very clear and relevant that the technology of aerophotography with the help of drones, is as accurate and faithful as the classic one (that is to say on the ground), only that its efficiency is much higher. Also, it has been shown very clearly that this technology has many advantages, as it allows the construction of a database, with which the forestry and agricultural specialists can easily and quickly generate a series of thematic maps that will facilitate very much their management activity. Following the researches, it was found that in the future agriculture and forestry will use drones on a larger scale, as they allow obtaining data and information in real time, as opposed to satellites, and the clarity of the images and the accuracy of the data is significantly higher, contributing greatly to modern management practice and performance, in which decisions can be made quickly and very efficiently documented.

Institutional Determinants of Forming the Management Capital: A Case of Ukrainian Healthcare Sector

Medical establishment is a complex socio-economic system, whose sustainable development should be ensured by the modern management practices. Problems of management of medical establishment have not been still considered in the context of the current reformation of healthcare sector and still this social and economic field does not report to the conditions of market mechanism. The main goal of this paper is to analyze a structure of total capital of modern medical establishment and the place and role of managerial capital in this structure. Methodology. This study combines economic analysis of concepts of total capital, physical capital, financial capital, intellectual capital and managerial capital. In this study complex of the general scientific and special research methods were used to achieve the goal of the study. The method of logical analysis of the literature was used. The structural analysis was used with purpose to generate the structure of total capital and its key elements of medical establishment. Method of summarization was used to make a conclusion. Scientific works of national and foreign leading scientists in this sphere were used as the informational basis for the conducted research. Findings. In the paper the issue of managerial capital of a medical establishment as a complex socio-economic system is researched. A structure of total capital of medical establishment with its main components, such as physical, financial and intellectual capital, is proposed. In their turn, the theoretical concept of intellectual capital considers the following its elements: human capital, organizational capital and consumer’s capital. Managerial capital is viewed as a meta-capital within the frameworks of proposed structure and is an effective management tool for medical establishments’ business processes and qualitative composition of all types of capital, which pursues the sustainable development of medical establishment. Main tasks of formation, development and reproduction of managerial capital of medical establishment are researched. Also the issues of institutional environment of forming management capital are researched. Key institutional determinants, such innovation, investment and structural mobility are considered. Practical implications. In the conditions of creating by Ukraine the new national healthcare system the issue of formation and development of managerial capital in healthcare sphere is of great importance. It should be considered in the current process of Ukrainian healthcare system’s reformation to avoid the mistakes.

The Information Management into the Greek Health System

The present era has caused very important and speedychanges in the field of informatics technology, rendering theassistance of several electronic applications in the provisionof health services essentially valuable, in collaboration withother scientific fields (law, finance, psychology, sociology).This multidisciplinary approach contributed to the orientationtowards total quality management [1] with a view tooffering optimal healthcare with the lowest possible cost [2]. Moreover, it has played a part in the adoption of modernmanagement practices, strategic planning and open governance,which are mainly characterized by the values oftransparency, efficiency, equality and the ensuring of qualityservices which correspond to user expectations, who arebecoming the principal target of the health system [3] . Keywords: information management, electronic programs, interoperability,Greek health system

Timber harvest and flood impacts on sediment yield in a postglacial, mixed-forest watershed, Maine, USA

Abstract The impact of human activities on sediment yield is poorly constrained in the northeastern United States, as in other northern hemisphere forested landscapes previously occupied by Pleistocene ice sheets. This study examines changes in sedimentation in Little Kennebago Lake (LKL), Maine, in relation to extreme hydrologic events and land-use change. Historical records indicate minimal disturbance before the onset of commercial logging after 1891. Sediment cores record >1,200 years of sedimentation and allow comparison of prehistoric and anthropogenic conditions. Variations in sediment yield are evaluated in the context of hydrologic records and reconstructions of road density and timber harvest derived from historical topographic maps and aerial photographs. Cores collected before and after a highly erosive, localized extreme rainfall event in July 2018 provide a template for interpreting clastic layers found earlier in the record. The frequency of these events increased around 1900, with five layers in the previous ∼1100 years and 12 layers from 1900-2018. This timing corresponds to an increase in suspended sediment yield from 2.0 Mg/km2/yr to 6.4 Mg/km2/yr and increased abundance of pollen taxa associated with forest disturbance. A relative lack of discrete erosion events since ∼1970, in spite of increasing timber harvest, suggests that modern best management practices may be effective in reducing erosion. The 2018 event is a reminder, however, that ongoing reevaluation of management practices is necessary in light of changing hydrology, in this region and elsewhere.

Risk Management in Waqf Institutions: A Preliminary Study

Modern management practice has put greater emphasize on the principles of accountability and transparency. Along with the revival of Islamic institutions, there are call by the stakeholder for management of waqf institutions to adopt modern management practice to improve their efficiency in managing waqf asset. As part of good governance and best practices of waqf institutions, management of risk is fundamental to the proper functioning of any institution including waqf to ensure the accountability of mutawalli (waqf manager) and transparency of the management. Studies on risk management practices on Islamic institution indicate that risk come across in many different ways; financial, personnel, program and capital expenditure decisions due to interactions with economic, political and social environments. However, the dissimilarity of management practices of waqf asset could be due to the absence of risk management function for waqf institutions. This paper aims at exploring the major themes that constitute the basis of the discussion on accountability in waqf institutions. In doing this, the theoretical underpinnings and the existing research relating to waqf investment and its risk management practice are examined.

Farmers Integrated Management Challenges of Plantains Product at Cauvery Delta, Thanjavur District

In recent trends Farmers had been striving on farm management strategies to make their farming profitable. Farming activities are interdependent with various functions and strong inter-relations with production, finance and marketing. The Indian farmers were not acquainted with the modern management practices. Indian farmers plagued by various management challenges in their farming. However there is upward concern about the gap between the farmer’s potential and their actual earnings. The farmers are not obtaining the profit for their hard work and challenges towards farming. This paper explores the integrated farming challenges of production, finance and marketing factors pertaining plantain product growers. The research area is Cauvery Delta, Thanjavur District. Convenient sampling technique method is used in collecting the data. The data obtained from 315 samples are investigated using descriptive statistics. The correlation tool was used to find out the relationship among the variables. The Multiple Regression tool was used to find out the probable variables that influence the factors. Then, the reliability test was employed to check the reliable of the collected data. The SPSS IBM 20 package was used for data analysis. The outcome of the research will facilitate the researchers, agricultural extension, government and farmers for the agricultural sustainable growth.

Long-term climate, vegetation and fire regime change in a managed municipal water supply area, British Columbia, Canada

Post-glacial climate, vegetation and fire history were reconstructed from a sediment record from Begbie Lake, British Columbia, Canada, located in a municipal water supply area servicing > 350,000 people. Watershed managers have identified wildfire as a threat to water supply and seek to understand how vegetation and fire have varied through time with climate. In the cold late-glacial, open Pinus woodlands, periodically disturbed by fire, transitioned to mixed conifer forests subject to high-severity fire. The early Holocene is of interest to watershed managers because climate was warmer and drier than present. During this interval, low streamflow, abundant fire-adapted taxa, elevated background charcoal and regional increases in biomass burning indicate that fire seasons were longer and that fire was an important disturbance mechanism. Climate moistened in the mid Holocene, facilitating canopy closure and decreased fire disturbance. However, surface fires prevailed in Quercus ecosystems, which were expanding locally. Charcoal increased between 6180–2500 cal yr BP as climate further cooled and moistened, likely reflecting human activity and/or increased climate variability. Modern conditions arose within the last few millennia, impacted most recently by European settlement. In combination with paleoclimate modelling, modern management practices and forecast simulations, the Begbie Lake record informs about ecosystem changes within the watershed, yielding insights for management.

MODERN TRENDS IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN CAMEROON AND WAYS TO ENSURE ITS SUSTAINABILITY

It has been established that agriculture is the backbone of Cameroon's economy, where 80% of the labor force is engaged in the agricultural sector and provides 22.3% of gross domestic product and 30% of its export revenues. The investigated branch forms the commodity supply of agricultural products both on the domestic and foreign markets, the following types of products: cocoa, coffee, cotton, bananas, palm oil, tobacco, tea, pineapple, corn, millet, sorghum, yams, potatoes, beans and rice. It has been determined that the livestock sector has been developed throughout the country and plays an especially important role in the northern region of the country. It has been proved that the main goal of the country's agricultural development is to ensure food security, whose achievement is strongly influenced by globalization of climate change. For the country under study, the country's orientation towards a "product concept" is characteristic, in which the main objective is to ensure the physical and economic availability of agricultural food. The strategic priorities in the country's agricultural development, which include the mobilization of local resources for intensive production taking into account environmental requirements, are highlighted. It is substantiated that today specialized regions have been formed in relation to the production of certain types of products, which allowed to increase the productivity of agricultural crops. It is noted that there are differences in indicators of productivity of agricultural production in farms and research stations, which proves the existence of unused reserves for improving production efficiency. The characteristic features of development of agricultural production of the country are systematized: low level of technical support; a manifestation of the tendency to increase the land of farms; the prevalence of small commodity producers; low income farmers; predominance of informal economic relations; use of manual labor; complicated access to loan financing sources; low level of involvement of commodity producers in value added chains. It is proved that under conditions of intensification of investment activity in the country's agriculture and realization of the foreseen measures of the strategic national plan, conditions and preconditions for effective development, modernization of production infrastructure, access of farmers to sources of financing and other components of sustainable development will be formed. It is highlighted that one of the conditions for the sustainable development of agriculture in the country is the intensification of agricultural production, which will promote ecological and social sustainability. Important instruments for its achievement are technological innovations in the direction of introducing new or improved agro technology of cultivation and modern management practices, new breeds of farm animals and poultry, integrated practices for improving soil fertility and widespread replacement of manual labor. Innovative solutions need to be coordinated with the specifics of the production process, and in terms of environmental and water and energy intensity. Key words: agriculture, food safety, farmer, innovation, investment attractiveness.

Estimating reservoir evaporation losses for the United States: Fusing remote sensing and modeling approaches

Evaporation from open surface water is a critical and continuous process in the water cycle. Globally, evaporation losses from reservoirs are estimated to be greater than the combined consumption from industrial and domestic water uses. However, this large volume of water loss is only coarsely considered in modern water resources management practices due to the complexities involved with quantifying these losses. By fusing remote sensing and modeling approaches, this study developed a novel method to accurately estimate the evaporation losses from 721 reservoirs in the contiguous United States (CONUS). Reservoir surface areas were extracted and enhanced from the Landsat based Global Surface Water Dataset (GSWD) from March 1984 to October 2015. The evaporation rate was modeled using the Penman Equation in which the lake heat storage term was considered. Validation results using in situ observations suggest that this approach can significantly improve the accuracy of the simulated monthly reservoir evaporation rate. The evaporation losses were subsequently estimated as the product of the surface area and evaporation rate. This paper presents a first of its kind, comprehensively validated, locally practical, and continentally consistent reservoir evaporation dataset. The results suggest that the long term averaged annual evaporation volume from these 721 reservoirs is 33.73 × 109 m3, which is equivalent to 93% of the annual public water supply of the United States (in 2010). An increasing trend of the evaporation rate (0.0076 mm/d/year) and a slightly decreasing trend of the total surface area (−0.011 × 109 m2/year) were both detected during the study period. As a result, the total evaporation shows an insignificant trend, yet with significant spatial heterogeneity. This new reservoir evaporation dataset can help facilitate more efficient water management practices.

Foreign direct investment and local supplier upgrading – the case of grocery retail in Turkey

ABSTRACTForeign direct investments (FDIs) are noted as an important cross-border channel for knowledge. Thus, expanding companies can contribute to local supplying companies’ capability development, an important precondition for upgrading processes. Several transnational grocery retailers have expanded globally and introduced modern supply chain management practices to markets of emerging and developing countries. However, agri-food industries are under-researched regarding FDI-induced knowledge transfer and supplier upgrading. Based on qualitative interviews with both retailers and suppliers in the emerging market of Turkey, this article discusses the upgrading processes of fresh food suppliers driven by the FDI of grocery retailers. This article shows how the foreign retailers’ fresh fruit and vegetable supply structures have evolved towards the preferences of suppliers that vertically integrate value chain functions. Within this dynamic, transnational retailers proactively shape their suppliers and promote (functional) upgrading. The findings imply that (1) local regulatory environments should foster local sourcing and (2) the way for suppliers to work towards a solid value chain positioning is to fully integrate supply chain functions including agricultural primary production. This article argues that integrating low value-adding functions can be a type of functional upgrading that has not yet been acknowledged.

Modern approaches to the rationing of managerial labor

Article deals with the modern management problem associated with improving the accuracy of the ration of managerial work. Emphasis is on the need to move from the rationing of the working day to the rationing of individual labor functions (operations). The subject of the article is contradictions arising in the process of integration of quantitative and qualitative methods of research of the work process. The main purpose of the article is to create the author's concept of overcoming contradictions between the existing methods of regulation managerial labor and the practical need of enterprises in developing these norms. Concept is based on the synthesis of quantitative and qualitative methods. The methodological framework of the study consists of the concept of foreign and domestic researchers involved in the issues of labor rationing and management efficiency. The problem of the article lies in the fact that the existing approaches to standards of management personnel are not sufficiently adapted to solving problems in conditions of intellectual labor. The cause of the problem is seen as the need of enterprises to improve the efficiency of not individual employees involved in management issues, but of the entire business process management. In combination with the totality of such general scientific and special methods of cognition, such as dialectical, systemic, descriptive, theoretical modeling, the article offers approaches to eliminate this contradiction. The main conclusion of the article is the necessity of application of two-stage approaches to the valuation of managerial work, where the first phase involves a qualitative analysis of the structure of the business process, is conducted after the close study of the cost of labor in the performance of these functions. The article defines the limitations of the application of this method and offers recommendations for its integration with methods of studying the cost of working time. As the resulting conclusions, it is proposed to apply not for all business processes but for the most significant for the organization. This method will optimize the costs of rationing, and explore only the largest (and, accordingly, costly) business processes for an organization. The basis of this method is the ranking system proposed in the article. It is also insisted that in modern management practice it is inappropriate to control individual participants in a business process (jobs). It is necessary to standardize the entire business process with its further distribution among the performers.

An organization on the edge of chaos: the origins of the metaphor and its impact on the theory and practice of strategic management

The notion “edge of chaos” coined in complex systems studies has become a part of the vocabulary of modern management theory and practice. This utterance is especially significant since it has been applied in management as a metaphor associated with innovativeness and creativity. The aim of the paper is to study what are the consequences of the fact that this term is applied in management as a dead metaphor, i.e. it is decoupled from its initial meaning. A deepened analysis of the interpretations and misinterpretations of the term “organization on the edge of chaos” applied in strategic management is presented

ТИПІЗАЦІЯ РЕГІОНІВ УКРАЇНИ ЗА МОЖЛИВОСТЯМИ СТАЛОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ВІДХОДАМИ

Sustainable waste management is an urgent task for modern science and management practice. The search for effective governance mechanisms within the framework of this study was performed in accordance with the concept of sustainable development and circular economy. The transition to a sustainable waste management model is considered as an advancing process to increase the part of mass production and consumption waste which is returned to the manufacturing cycle. In this regard, the assessment of sustainable waste management in the regions should include the dynamics indicators on the main components of waste management. The methodology of this study is based on the generalization of sustainable waste management indicators, which have been analyzed at a certain point in time and in the dynamics as well. The regions of the country were grouped by waste management efficiency. The selected four groups of regions are located rather compact, they have common features in terms of production profile and waste structure. The typification of the regions of Ukraine was developed on the basis of grouping, as well as taking into account the specialization of regions in one or a few main industries, levels of urbanization of these regions. Five types of regions were identified: two types with a high share of municipal waste, regions with a predominance of industrial waste, and two types of industrial-agrarian regions where the waste of different types is generated with a significant share of agricultural waste. Regions of the same type are typically characterized by the similarity of waste management issues. These can be both traditional problems of accumulating large quantities of waste in landfills, as well as new challenges related to population migration, the formation of new administrative units (united territorial communities), which change the functioning of the current system of waste management. Significant differences in the main waste management indicators for different types require the use of similar (typical) approaches to the development of regional strategies and regional waste management plans.

Nove dimenzije značaja kreativne radne sredine i njen uticaj na upravljanje savremenim organizacijama

A creative work environment has been attracting researchers' attention in recent decades. Apart from the academic public, the professional public also shows an interest in this concept. It is already becoming a necessity nowadays. Because competition has intensified, the need to be different in the business process has been reinforced. Uniqueness is most pronounced in creativity. Not very often can creativity repeat itself in the same way. Modern management practice recommends that the inventiveness and creativity of all employees who represent partners in a creative work environment should be taken into account. This paper is aimed at analyzing the importance of generating a creative work environment and the implications for management in organizations. In addition to creativity, a team concept has been introduced into a creative work environment, as well as multitasking and the creative competence of employees as regards job designing. Leadership and communication in a creative work environment, and motivation and a reward for performance, are also discussed. A creative work environment is a very layered and complex concept with a challenging and stimulating effect on future research. A creative work environment is an essential prerequisite for achieving and maintaining a competitive advantage, while enabling the organization to follow its mission and vision.