Modern Leadership Theory Research Articles

Impact of digitalisation on the structure of youth political leadership

At the present stage, youth political leadership is in the focus of attention of researchers due to the fact that youth policy is an important part of public policy. The concept of the youth political leadership is relatively new and interdisciplinary, integrating politological, sociological, psychopolitical, and managerial approaches. To analyse the phenomenon, the systematisation of scientific approaches to the study of political leadership is conducted, 6 stages of the development of scientific thought from the second half of the XIX century to the beginning of the XXI one are highlighted. The classical and modern theories of leadership are considered. The article substantiates the mediation of methodological approaches to the political leadership by the historical and political context and the level of development of the political culture of society. They are the basis for studying the structure of the phenomenon in question. It is proved that under the influence of digitalisation as the most important aspect of reality, as an attribute of politics and the socio-economic sphere, the structure of the youth political leadership is undergoing a change. Digitalisation makes adjustments to the existing scientific and methodological basis of the political leadership. The analysis of available leadership concepts has shown a movement from its personal aspect to the socio-interactive one, however, in the context of digital transformation, it is necessary to introduce a digital component of leadership. Based on empirical data, the modern structure of the youth political leadership is derived, consisting of three components: personal, socio-interactive, and digital.

Integration of Spirituality, Values and Ethics in Leadership Practice and Theory in Egypt

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the integration of spirituality, values, and ethics in leadership practice and theory.
 Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: Integration of spirituality, values, and ethics in leadership practice and theory in Egypt shows a strong emphasis on Islamic principles and teachings. Leaders often draw upon religious values to guide their decision-making and ethical behavior. This integration fosters a sense of moral responsibility and accountability among leaders, promoting ethical leadership practices. However, there is also a need for a balance between religious principles and modern leadership theories to ensure inclusive and effective leadership.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social network theory, Graph theory & Complex systems theory may be used to anchor future studies on the integration of spirituality, values, and ethics in leadership practice and theory. Design and implement leadership development programs that explicitly incorporate components related to spirituality, values, and ethics. Advocate for the implementation of policies and regulations that institutionalize ethical standards within organizations and industries.

간호대학생의 리더십 이론 공감 유형 분석

Objectives As the importance of cultivating the leadership capabilities of nursing students who will perform nurs-ing duties as nurses in various practical sites is emphasized, this study investigates modern leadership theo-ries(transformational leadership, charismatic leadership, servant leadership, and genuine leadership) among nursing students. An attempt was made to identify and systematically understand types of empathy. Methods Through an open-ended questionnaire, fourth-year nursing students who had taken a nursing leader-ship course for one semester were asked to choose the theory they most resonate with among four modern lead-ership theories and write down the reasons for their choice. A total of 151 people were analyzed using content analysis. Results As a result, among the four modern leadership theories, the distribution of empathy was in the following order: servant leadership (41.1%), transformational leadership (27.1%), authentic leadership (16.6%), and char-ismatic leadership (15.2%). Servant leadership included three themes out of a total of seven: ‘Service and Dedication’, ‘Respect for Members’, and ‘Personal Values’ (41.1%). Transformational leadership included 4 themes out of a total of 12: ‘Leader characteristics’, ‘Organization-first thinking’, ‘Identification with self’, and ‘Internal rewards’ (27.1%). Authentic leadership included three themes out of a total of five: ‘Self-understanding,’ ‘Authenticity,’ and ‘Everyone’s growth’ (16.6%). Charismatic leadership included three themes out of a total of seven: ‘ideal leader’, ‘employee commitment’, and ‘performance-oriented thinking’ (15.2%). Conclusions Through analysis of nursing students' empathy types for leadership theory, it can be used as basic data to identify the nursing leadership capabilities that must be achieved in nursing education and to set the scope and level to smoothly perform nurses' work through education and training.

The study of leadership by Ukrainian scientists

Introduction. The article analyzes latest Ukrainian studies on leadership. Aim: to analyze Ukrainian studies on leadership in commercial organizations. Methods: content analysis, comparison, analysis and synthesis. Results. The analysis has found a lack of a general theory of leadership, presence of different ideas about the nature and content of leadership, as well as different definitions of and approaches to studying leadership in Ukraine. The reasons for this could be the interdisciplinary nature of leadership, different approaches to studying leadership in different fields of science, lack of universally recognized criteria for grouping theories within one or another approach, as well as difficulties of translation from English. The theoretical foundations of some studies do not follow modern theories of leadership. At the same time, the theory of traits remains the most widely used theory of leadership, although its shortcomings have been proven by numerous studies. Ukrainian researchers study leadership in relation to management, analyze business leadership, and develop leadership training programs. Conclusions. There have not been serious studies on leadership in commercial organizations inUkraine, which emphasizes the relevance of both theoretical and applied studies on leadership in commercial organizations. Future studies may focus on clarification of leadership mechanisms in commercial organizations, the role of leaders in leadership-type commercial organizations, as well as substantiation of the principles of leadership organizations in Ukraine.

ÇALIŞANLARIN VİZYONER LİDERLİK ALGILARININ ÖRGÜTSEL ÇEVİKLİK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN YAPISAL EŞİTLİK MODELİ İLE İNCELENMESI: HAVACILIK SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Visionary leaders are leaders who shape the future in the direction of their goals and realize their attitudes and actions in this direction. In this situation visionary leaders struggle to obtain positive outputs from the internal and external environment of the organization, especially in a framework required by continuous change, which is a necessity of the time. One of these positive outcomes is organizational agility. The aim of this study is to illuminate the effect of visionary leadership behavior, one of the modern leadership theories that emerged together with the necessities of the time, on organizational agility. The research was performed on 308 non-managerial white-collar employees working in aircraft leasing companies operating within the structure of general aviation organizations throughout Turkey. Questionnaires were conducted by face-to-face interview method. In the study firstly, the “Visionary Leadership Scale” measured by Sashkin (1996) and transformed into Turkish scale by Tanrıbil (2015), and also, “Organizational Agility Scale” measured by Sharifi and Zhang (1999) and transformed into Turkish scale by Akkaya and Tabak (2018) were used. Analysis results were created using SPSS 23 and Amos 24 applications. In this context in the study, frequency analysis, factor analysis, and reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis were applied. Additionally, Structural Equation Models (SEMs) analysis was used to test the confirmatory factor analysis, goodness of fit values and coefficients values related to the variables. The research findings showed that visionary leadership and organizational agility has a positive and significant relationship. In addition, a partial effect of visionary leadership on organizational agility was found. Regarding the sub-dimensions, it was determined that communication and risk have effects on flexibility; communication, risk, respect, and focus have effects on response; reliability, respect, and focus have effects on competence; and risk and focus have effects on speed.

How Republics Perish: Lodovico Alamanni, the Medici, and Transformational Leadership

ABSTRACT The goals of the present study are to relate the transactional and transformational aspects of modern leadership theory to the history of Medici rule and influence in Renaissance Florentine politics, and, at the same time, to test leadership models against the humanist debates on the accession of the Medici to power. I will focus on the Discorso sopra il fermare lo stato di Firenze nella devozione de’ Medici [Discourse on holding the State of Florence in devotion to the Medici], written in 1516 by Lodovico Alamanni (1488–1526), a prominent Florentine statesman. Alamanni’s Discorso relates to the first restoration of the Medici government and engages with a number of issues that animate Machiavelli’s political theory as well as other memoranda for the Medici contemporaneous with The Prince. I argue that the two categories of leadership—the transactional and the transformational—first proposed by James MacGregor Burns, provide a new way of specifying Alamanni’s intentions and, by comparison, those of contemporary authors, including Machiavelli. I will also demonstrate that Alamanni’s work exemplifies more vividly than other political writings of the Medici period an approach to leadership that is predicated upon the combination of the transactional and transformational paradigms.

The Improving Role of Digital Leadership in the Impact of Social Loafing on Job Performance

It is possible to define digital leadership as a type of leadership that is informed about digital technologies that help the digital transformation of employees and businesses and is also fed by modern leadership theories. The concept of digital leadership has come to the fore, particularly with Industry 4.0. Digital leadership is seen as an element that positively affects organizational culture and helps the development of the organization. Following the Covid-19 pandemic, businesses have experienced a considerable digital transformation, and it has been realized that digital leadership is now inevitable for businesses. Digital transformation is expected to contribute to the productivity and production of enterprises. The present study focused on the ability of digital leadership to avoid social loafing, which is negative organizational behavior. In particular, the extent to which job performance losses caused by social loafing were moderated by digital leadership was measured. In this regard, questionnaire forms were prepared and sent to 308 people. The collected data were interpreted by means of the Smart PLS program, and the results were obtained. In this respect, it is found that digital leadership has a moderating impact on the effect of social loafing on job performance. It is thought that the source of this effect could be explained in accordance with Social Impact Theory, Upper Echelon Theory, and Strategic Action Area Theory.

Leadership in the Organization

The purpose of the article is to identify factors that affect the effectiveness of a company's internal leadership using insights from the analysis of internal leadership of Ernst&Young Ukraine, a member of one of the largest professional services networks, which prioritizes a stable and effective development of its leaders. The article starts with an overview of classical and modern theories of leadership, which is followed by a description of the structure and activities of Ernst&Young as well as a corresponding SWOT analysis. The authors also analyse results of a survey conducted among the company's employees to measure their leadership skills. These findings are used to identify problems faced by modern leaders and list the main characteristics of effective leadership.(original abstract)

Leadership Styles and Employees’ Performance in University System: The Case of University of Abuja, Nigeria

This paper assessed the relationship between leadership styles and employee performance of the University of Abuja, based on the arguments propounded by modern leadership theory. It adopted a survey research design and made use of primary data obtained from structured questionnaires distributed to a sample of 380 non-academic staff members of the University. Using the OLS regression technique, the study found strong evidence in support of a positive and statistically significant association between transformational and transactional leadership style in the University of Abuja. Specifically, the result of the analysis suggests that leadership style plays crucial role in the overall performance of the employee of the University. The study concluded that leadership style be it transformational, transactional, or laissez-faire, influences employee performance. In line with the above findings, the study recommended, among others that leaders (managers) at the University of Abuja should project inspiration, encourage creativity and innovation, and reward hard work but never abdicate its responsibility to drive performance. Keywords: Employee Performance, Leadership Styles, Organisational Outcomes.

Congruence of a political leader: Problemization in a person-centered approach

The article aims to problematize the congruence of a political leader to build trusting relationships with followers and form more realistic approaches to solving urgent tasks on the national and global agenda. Approach. In the person-centered approach, congruence appears when an individuals internal and external experiences and symbolizations are one. In modern leadership theories, congruence is one of the three basic traits of a "good leader". It means the ability to establish deep, meaningful relationships with followers based on the closeness of lifestyle. Finally, in political science, congruence is understood as the conformity of the leader's position to the followers' attitudes, expectations, and actions. Of particular importance is the conformity of the patterns of power-subordinate relations. The requirement of congruence, which is relevant for a political leader at the intra- and inter-subject levels, creates a conflict of congruence. Results. The author describes two basic types of conflict resolution by a political leader that can lead to destructive consequences for political stability and public trust: incongruence of expression and experience. The author outlines the principles and conditions for a more constructive resolution of the conflict of congruences. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Despite some limitations in applying congruence to political leadership, the human-centered approach opens up some perspectives in resolving dilemmas between private and public imperatives, which now remain a source of political conflict with systemic negative consequences for the stability and effectiveness of political systems. The urgent task of modern politics is to abandon rigid, rigid, destructive ways of resolving the conflict of congruences in favor of more flexible, conscious, and responsible approaches

Role of the head of nursing service in improvement of work of treatment room nurses

The purpose of the study is to determine the role of the head nurse in improving the professional activities of treatment room nurses. Results. The role and functions of the head of nursing service has been studied; the qualitative characteristics of treatment room nurses have been investigated and the factors influencing their work have been identified; the patients’ opinion on the quality of service has been studied; the recommendations have been developed to improve the work of a treatment room nurse. Conclusion. The head of nursing service plays an important role in the work of the treatment room nurse. The involvement of the head of nursing service, who has psychological knowledge, patience, perseverance and exactingness, and is aware of modern leadership theories, will eliminate the reasons that affect the quality of work of treatment room nurses and institution as a whole.

“Meka” i “tvrda” moć u islamskoj literaturi političkih saveta: Saveti vladarima Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqe i Ibn al-Muqaffe u poređenju s onima koje je dao Machiavelli / “Soft” and “Hard” Power in Islamic Political Advice Literature: Counsels to Rulers by Ibn al-Ṭiqṭ

This article explores how modern leadership theories revolving around the distinction between “soft” and “hard” power are prefigured in medieval Islamic political writing. In particular, it advances a new interpretation of Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqā’s al-Fakhrī (On the Systems
 of Government and Muslim Dynasties, 701/1302), focusing on the Arab historian’s narrative about the factors that resulted in the decline of the ‘Abbasid Empire and the rise of the Mongols as a world power. It also discusses Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqā’s ideas on good government, drawing
 links to other major Muslim political theorists and historians, notably Ibn al-Muqaffa‘ and Ibn Khaldūn. Finally, this study examines Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqā’s views on successful and failed leadership in a cross-cultural context through comparison with Niccolò Machiavelli’s Prince.

Polarization of Global Leadership: An Analysis of the Three Factions of Leadership Power in Modern Leadership Theory

The purpose of this article is to explain various global developments, especially those related to leadership polarization issues in the superpower countries. Global leadership is not only seen from the perspective of which country and who is elected as its leader, but what is more essential is the extent to which the leadership holds resources in general to be used as an instrument to carry out the hegemony of power. The phenomenon of polarization global leadership: an analysis of the three factions of the leadership strength in leadership theory modern, empirically categorized as one of the important issues because it relates to the harmony of living together with all human beings on this planet. Leadership based on egoism wrapped in style and authoriterm type will certainly bring havoc to mankind. This article was compiled from a research process on various literatures, the process of collecting literature up to the preparation of this article was approximately three months, namely from August to October 2020. Theoretically, several main points and the findings of this article were obtained, that leadership polarization Globally is actually in the control of three factions, including (1) rational superiority leadership power faction, (2) intellectual superiority leadership power faction, (3) physical and spiritual superiority leadership power faction, with three models, namely: (a) Western-style leadership, (b) Eastern-style leadership, and (c) Islamic leadership. However, in the form of the factions and leadership styles above, it is closely related to the ability of a country to play its role in controlling economic, political and social resources. To obtain such advantages, in practice it is not uncommon for a country to first require to build a superiority in the field of defense and security with state-of-the-art weapons.

So, you want to be a leader?

Every physician is a leader. We often lead teams of people, whether it is in an ambulatory clinic, the ICU, or the operating room. We have responsibility for our patients, and need to ensure our colleagues, advanced practice providers, and support teams are doing their jobs correctly. On a small scale, it is a physician in a solo practice or a surgeon in an operating room. On a larger scale it can be an academic chair or a dean. This article serves as a primer for those who will journey down the path of becoming a leader. Starting with a brief historical background of modern leadership theory, and a discussion on managing versus leading, we will then touch on what we believe are the key steps required to become a successful leader. We have drilled this down to four steps: 1) know yourself, 2) know others, 3) reality test your skill set, and finally, 4) become a servant leader. Numerous vignettes are written to help illustrate some of the lessons that should be learned when embarking on this journey.

The Leaning Tower of Pasta: Lessons in Team Performance and Creativity From a Core Surgical Training Boot Camp Design Challenge

Unity of effort is an important component of strategic leadership and management theory associated with Core Surgical Training (CST) outcome. The aim was to determine the impact of team diversity on task completion: a creative design challenge, during CST Boot camp. Attendees (n = 44) at a single Statutory Education Body's CST Boot camp were stratified into teams related to specialty theme, and set a design challenge as described by Peter Skillman, to build the tallest free-standing tower out of spaghetti (20 pieces), tape (1 m), and string (1 m), with a marshmallow on top in 18 minutes. Primary outcome measure was tower height. Five teams (50%) completed the task with the tallest tower measuring 70 cm (median 51, range 0-70). Median satisfaction with the simulation exercise was 4 (2-5) on a scale of 0 to 5, with 5 corresponding with highest satisfaction. Successful task completion was associated with team surgical specialty (p = 0.032), ethnicity ratio (p = 0.010,), and gender ratio (p = 0.003), respectively. On multivariable analysis, only team gender ratio was independently associated with tower height (Hazard ratio 0.515, 95% confidence interval 0.350-0.759, p = 0.001). Modern leadership theory emphasizes the important dynamic relationship between individual team members, the team, and task completion. General surgery themed teams with a gender mix were most successful in completing the design challenge; whether relative simulation performance predicts strategic organizational skill and career progression will be the next question.

LEADERSHIP PSYCHOSEMANTIC CONSTRUCTS IN THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF YOUTH: GENDER DIMENSION

The paper focuses on the problem of leadership. The gender’s specificity issue of leadership is being analyzed. The transformational leadership model of the justification is presented. The purpose of the article is to perceive the «leader» students concept in the picture of the world in gender’s context. Different leadership theories are analyzed. Three key approaches to leadership interpretation are particularly described: personality features, situation interaction, behavior. The modern leadership theories are analyzed. These theories are methodological basis for transformational leadership model formation. Indicators of the transformation model are being differentiated: interaction with the followers, but not the subordinates; the followers goals transformation; stimulation of their self-development and their result achievements. The research methodology for the students leadership concept is described. The methods applied: uncompleted sentences; psychosemantic differential. While considering the picture of the world, the «leadership» concept content among most students is masculine. Leadership concept includes characteristics such as: dominance, power, success and the ability to be the first and to lead. Personal characteristics in particular emotional and voluntary self-regulation, organizational, mental abilities, moral and communicative features are not important. Gender specificity in the students «leadership» concept content is differentiated. The psychosemantic constructions of power-dominated relations, competition and domination are dominated in the men. The key characteristics of the psychosemantic content of women’s leadership models are the ability to lead, success and dominance. The stereotyped level of the leadership model formation is typical for most students.

The founding five: transformational leadership in the New York League of Advertising Women’s club, 1912–1926

PurposeThis paper uses archival documents to begin to recover a history of women’s leadership in the advertising industry. In particular, this paper aims to identify the leadership styles of the first five presidents of the New York League of Advertising Women’s (NYLAW) club. Their leadership from 1912 to 1926 set the course for and influenced the culture of the New York League. These five women laid the foundations of a social club that would also contribute to the professionalization of women in advertising, building industry networks for women, forging leadership and mentorship links among women, providing advertising education exclusively for women and, finally, bolstering women’s status in all avenues of advertising. The first five presidents were, of course, different characters, but each exhibited the traits associated with “transformational leaders,” leaders who prepare the “demos” for their own leadership roles. The women’s styles converged with their situational context to give birth to a women’s advertising club that, like most clubs, did charity work and hosted social events, but which was developed by the first five presidents to give women the same kinds of professional opportunities as the advertising men’s clubs provided their membership. The first five presidents of the Advertising League had strong prior professional credibility because of the careers they had constructed for themselves among the men who dominated the advertising field in the first decade of the 20th century. As presidents of the NYLAW, they advocated for better jobs, equal rights at work and better pay for women working in the advertising industry.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on women’s advertising archival material from the Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe and Wisconsin Historical Society to argue that the five founding mothers of the NYLAW provided what can best be described as transformational feminist leadership, which resulted in building an effective club for their members and setting it on a trajectory of advocacy and education that would benefit women in the advertising industry for the next several decades. These women did not refer to themselves as “leaders,” they probably would not have considered their work in organizing the New York club an exercise in leadership, nor might they have called themselves feminists or seen their club as a haven for feminist work. However, by using modern leadership theories, the study can gain insight into how these women instantiated feminist ideals through a transformational leadership paradigm. Thus, the historical documents provide insight into the leadership roles and styles of some of the first women working in American advertising in the early parts of the 20th century.FindingsArchival documents from the women’s advertising clubs can help us to understand women’s leadership practices and to reconstruct a history of women’s leadership in the advertising industry. Eight years before women in America could vote, the first five presidents shared with the club their wealth of collective experience – over two decades worth – as advertising managers, copywriters and space buyers. The first league presidents oversaw the growth of an organization would benefit both women and the advertising industry when they proclaimed that the women’s clubs would “improve the level of taste, ethics and knowledge throughout the communications industry by example, education and dissemination of information” (Dignam, 1952, p. 9). In addition, the club structure gave ad-women a collective voice which emerged through its members’ participation in building the club and through the rallying efforts of transformational leaders.Social implicationsHistorically, the advertising industry in the USA has been “pioneered” by male industry leaders such as Claude Hopkins, Albert Lasker and David Ogilvy. However, when the authors look to archival documents, it was found that women have played leadership roles in the industry too. Drawing on historical methodology, this study reconstructs a history of women’s leadership in the advertising and marketing industries.Originality/valueThis paper helps to understand how women participated in leadership roles in the advertising industry, which, in turn, enabled other women to build careers in the industry.

Leadership Ideas Shaped by Digital Insights in Higher Education

The paper deals with the problem of exploiting the potential of digitalization at scale by organizations in the age of information technologies and advanced analytics of data. Being at the forefront of social progress, universities inspire managers, training staff and students to reset their working, thinking and leading initiatives and embrace digital transformation of the educational environment. The study aims to research the modern thought on transformational leadership befitting universities’ distinguished title of growth engines. The methodological framework comprises modern sociological, psychological, management and complex systems science theories of leadership. The paper analyzes organizational leadership models, explains their weak and strong points, formulates the terms of realizing the leadership phenomenon in the context of digitalization, studies the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation’s experience in introducing the elements of the ‘digital university’ model. The findings support the idea that generative leadership is attainable through inter-layer and inter-cluster interaction of all educational environment members. The paper suggests a mechanism of transforming hierarchical models into generative leadership models. The theoretic and practical significance is the validation of interconditionality of digitalization and a leadership ecosystem as a variety of communications, complexity of interrelations and integrity of functioning of educational leaders.

О некоторых факторах эффективности государственного управления

The article emphasizes that modern governments, working in unique socio-economic, historical and cultural conditions, must take into account global trends, as well as the growth of citizens’ expectations associated with the rapid development of information technologies and other factors. In such circumstances, special attention is paid to the effectiveness of public administration. The article discusses some of the significant factors impacting the effectiveness of public administration, such as the professionalization of the state apparatus, the legibility of the institutional framework, the optimization of information flows and corporate culture. In accordance with this, on the basis of work experience in the public administration system and analysis of civil service reforms in the countries of the region, the main challenges and possible solutions are shown. In the professionalization of the state apparatus, the importance of the merit principles in the selection and promotion stages of personnel through the empowerment of human resource (HR) management services, the integrity of tools and approaches at all stages of selection process, and the responsibility of the selection board are noted. The author focuses on the need to ensure a balance of powers, responsibility and resources, delimitation of powers between political and administrative civil servants, optimization of information flows. Particular importance is paid to corporate culture, which is one of the main factors affecting the efficiency of the state apparatus. It is noted that central values of corporate culture and leadership in state bodies of the countries of our region, along with generally accepted in the modern leadership theory, should be respect for the dignity, work and time of employees.

Transformational leadership and gravitas: 2000 years of no development?

Modern leadership theory has focused extensively on individual differences of transformational leadership without considering potential roots in, and convergent validity to, Ancient Rome's concept of gravitas. In the current study, I conduct an historical analysis of the origins of the gravitas personality trait of leadership and how British Imperialism provides a likely conduit of leadership ideas from the ancient world to the modern. Next, I regress gravitas and two contemporary leadership measures against the Big Five, and show correlations between all the leadership measures. Finally, I conduct EFA of the items in the leadership measures. Results suggest a high level of convergent validity between gravitas and transformational leadership. Although the study has limitations, I conclude that gravitas is worth measuring in the modern world, that modern leadership research should acknowledge roots from Ancient Rome, and potentially that our knowledge of leadership is not so very different from how it was 2000 years ago.