Modern Kyoto Research Articles

Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of pitch-accent systems based on accentual class merger: a new method applied to Japanese dialects

Abstract Unlike studies of the evolutionary relationship between languages, the dialect-level variation within a language has seldom been studied within the framework of a phylogenetic tree, because frequent lexical borrowing muddles the evidence of shared ancestry. The phonological history of Japanese is an exceptional case study where the phenomenon called accentual class merger enables the phylogenetic analysis of dialectal pitch-accent systems in a way that is not subject to borrowing. However, previous studies have lacked statistical analysis and failed to evaluate the relative credence of alternative hypotheses. Here we developed a novel substitution model that describes the mutation of pitch-accent systems driven by accentual class merger and integrated the model into the framework of Bayesian phylogenetic inference with geographical diffusion. Applying the method to data on the pitch-accent variation in modern Japanese dialects and historical documents collected from literature, we reconstructed the evolutionary history and spatial diffusion of pitch-accent systems. Our result supports the monophyly of each of three groups of pitch-accent systems in conventional categorization, namely Tokyo type, Keihan type, and N-kei (N-pattern) type of Kyushu, whereas the monophyly of the Tokyo type has been highly controversial in previous studies. The divergence time of the mainland pitch-accent systems was estimated to be from mid-Kofun to early Heian period. Also, it is suggested that the modern Kyoto dialect did not inherit its accent patterns from Bumoki but from an unrecorded lineage which survived from the Muromachi period. Analyses on geographical diffusion suggest that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all the taxa and that of Keihan type were located in or around the Kinki region, whereas the MRCA of N-kei type was located in northern to central Kyushu. The geographical location of the MRCA of Tokyo type remains unclear, but the Kinki and Kanto regions are the most plausible candidates.

Modern Kyoto: Building for Ceremony and Commemoration, 1868–1940 by Alice Y. Tseng

Modern Kyoto: Building for Ceremony and Commemoration, 1868–1940 by Alice Y. Tseng

Alice Y. Tseng. Modern Kyoto: Building for Ceremony and Commemoration, 1868–1940.

A<scp>lice</scp> Y. T<scp>seng</scp>. <i>Modern Kyoto: Building for Ceremony and Commemoration, 1868–1940</i>.

近代京都における主要商店街の店舗復原:―《祇園町》を事例とした方法の検討―

近代京都における主要商店街の店舗復原:―《祇園町》を事例とした方法の検討―

近代京都市におけるキリスト教会の誕生・消滅・移動

近代京都市におけるキリスト教会の誕生・消滅・移動

近世初期の歌枕を中心とした京都見物 ―石出常軒『所歴日記』を事例として―

近世初期の歌枕を中心とした京都見物 ―石出常軒『所歴日記』を事例として―

Alice Y. Tseng. Modern Kyoto: Building for Ceremony and Commemoration, 1868–1940. University of Hawai‘i Press, 2018.

Alice Y. Tseng. Modern Kyoto: Building for Ceremony and Commemoration, 1868–1940. University of Hawai‘i Press, 2018.

Modern Kyoto: Building for Ceremony and Commemoration, 1868–1940. By Alice Y. Tseng. University of Hawai‘i Press. 2018. xvii + 269pp. $68.00.

Modern Kyoto: Building for Ceremony and Commemoration, 1868–1940. By Alice Y. Tseng. University of Hawai‘i Press. 2018. xvii + 269pp. $68.00.

近世京都における旅人の見物経路のGIS分析 ー『百たらずの日記』を事例としてー

近世京都における旅人の見物経路のGIS分析 ー『百たらずの日記』を事例としてー

Property Ownership and the Neighborhood Community in Early Modern Kyoto

What happened to property when the owner died without heir? This study uses the property transmission wills required by Kyoto neighborhoods, a register of property owners that follows the properties through multiple transmissions, documents of sale and lease, and a digitalized file pooling the annual population surveys for thirty neighborhoods between 1842 and 1869, to address this question. These documents and analyses demonstrate what happened to property transmission as a family ran out of heirs and the steps the neighborhood community took to prevent confusion and conflict over property ownership. The sixteenth century history of the rebuilding of Kyoto as an early modern city also reveals the basis for community claims of ownership.

近世後期京都における商家奉公人の雇用と再生産―平野屋遠藤家を事例として―

近世後期京都における商家奉公人の雇用と再生産―平野屋遠藤家を事例として―

杉森哲也著, 『近世京都の都市と社会』, 東京大学出版会, 二〇〇八・八刊, A5, 三八一頁, 七二〇〇円

杉森哲也著, 『近世京都の都市と社会』, 東京大学出版会, 二〇〇八・八刊, A5, 三八一頁, 七二〇〇円

Constructing GIS Database of "Large-scale Maps of Kyoto City" and Urban Land Use in Modern Kyoto

Constructing GIS Database of "Large-scale Maps of Kyoto City" and Urban Land Use in Modern Kyoto

Genealogy of musical instrument makers and their business in the early modern Kyoto

Genealogy of musical instrument makers and their business in the early modern Kyoto

The struggle against the traditional system of self-government and the establishment of a new &quot;cho&quot; system in modern Kyoto

The struggle against the traditional system of self-government and the establishment of a new &quot;cho&quot; system in modern Kyoto

Marriage market in early modern Kyoto, 1843–1868

This study uses the population registers of 17 Kyoto neighborhoods to address marriage in Kyoto. Our analyses focus on the age differences between spouses and intermarriage between Kyoto natives and migrants from other provinces. Our previous analysis showed that the median age at marriage was tightly linked to life-cycle service in Kyoto with male and female ages at marriage corresponding to the end of the service period. Later analyses have shown that a third or more of the live-in employees listed as “servants” were migrants to Kyoto from other provinces, and males predominated in the migrants in the Kyoto population at ages after the service period ended. We find that migrants who remained in Kyoto married and all others left. We also find that those who remained were likely to marry Kyoto natives and the age differences between spouses was often relatively small.

Kuroda Seiki's Morning Toilette on Exhibition in Modern Kyoto

After nearly ten years of training in France, the artist Kuroda Seiki returned to Japan to mark his professional debut with the exhibition of his controversial painting Morning Toilette (1893). Kuroda's painting of a nude woman standing before a mirror was first shown publicly in Paris and Tokyo but did not gain widespread recognition and notoriety until its display at the Fourth National Industrial Exhibition held in Kyoto in 1895. Receiving both public censure and official distinction, the painting embodied the conflicted ambition of the host city and the nation at large to modernize and revitalize Japanese art.

LAND OWNER'S TREND AND URBAN SPACE IN MODERN SHINKYOGOKU

The influence of modern Japanese landowners to their own properties was strengthened by the Land Tax Revision, which had guaranteed the individual landownership. This paper takes up Shinkyogoku as an example. Shinkyogoku is a typical pleasure-resort district in modern Kyoto which had developed at the beginning of the Meiji era. In this district landowners can be divided into two categories; the settled landowners and the absentee ones. Both landowners leased their properties to the small tradesmen and accumulated lots in order to invite theater owners who could attract enormous customers. However, the ways of land accumulation were different according to the landowners category. These managements brought about the formation of a shopping street and the enlargement of theaters in Shinkyogoku.

A study of the urban life of court noble in early modern Kyoto

A study of the urban life of court noble in early modern Kyoto

Headship and succession in early modern Kyoto: the role of women

This study examines the role of women in headship and succession in early modern Kyoto using the population registers of two Kyoto neighbourhoods of differing economic status and the private documents of a family business. The private documents allow an examination of the processes and reasons behind inheritance decisions. I find that women could inherit when sons were absent, incapable or unwilling, and heiresses were used to recruit capable outsiders into the bloodline. More than these roles, women played an active part in making and carrying out inheritance decisions even when the heir was male, as well as providing alternatives to the usual succession rules.