Modern Knowledge Research Articles

Construction of Household Accounting Practices: an Islamic Ethnomethodological Study

<em><span lang="EN-US">This research departs from the problem of modern accounting knowledge, which is limited to material and ignores non-material values, and studies of household accounting based on non-material values, which are rarely disclosed in accounting studies. This study aims to construct household cost accounting based on non-material values. This study uses an Islamic paradigm with an Islamic ethnomethodological approach. The results of the study found that household expenses were recorded by the wives, both recorded on paper and in memory. The income earned by the husband is sufficient to finance household needs, saved to finance unexpected needs, and finance business capital. There are expenses for alms, but alms are not considered a burden but a means of purifying wealth and charitable savings in the afterlife. The three household cost accounting practices are based on the values of responsibility, cooperation, and faith in the Creator.</span></em>

Mendoza’dan Önce: Avrupa’da Sinolojinin Kökenlerini Yeniden Düşünmek

This article re-examines the view that Juan González de Mendoza’s 1585 Historia signifies early modern European Sinology’s genesis. It highlights overlooked pre-1585 Iberian and Ottoman texts on China, including 16th century Portuguese travelogues and histories, 1575-1605 Spanish accounts, and Ali Akbar’s 1516 Ottoman Khataynameh portraying Ming China. The objective is stimulating debate on re-conceptualizing fledgling Sinology’s origins, potentially shifting its roots further back before Mendoza’s 1585 work. Early Portuguese and Spanish eyewitness narratives and compilations on China preceded sixteenth century treatises methodically gathering information for European audiences. Meanwhile, Akbar’s Khataynameh offered Ottoman circles an authoritative profile of China. Highlighting these overlooked pre-1585 perspectives challenges Western European assumptions about Sinology’s genesis, inviting scholarly rethinking. The diverse preliminary attempts at comprehending China reveal embryonic Sinology emerging through incipient Sino-European interactions before coalescing as a formal academic discipline in nineteenth century Europe. Retrieving evidence of pre-1585 engagement broadens conceptualizations of early modern Eurasian knowledge accumulation.

(UN)DOING HISTORY: A CASE FOR EPISTEMOLOGICAL ALTERITY

ABSTRACTThis article addresses two primary tensions that currently beset medieval history. The first concerns a contentious debate within the field regarding the relative merits of two interpretative approaches: that which seeks to situate the Middle Ages within a narrative of continuity wherein aspects of the medieval bear some relationship of familiarity with the present and that which accords a radical alterity to the past that instigates moments of historical rupture. The second tension concerns the fraught relationship between history as a site of knowledge production with some proximity to engaging and producing truth and history as constructed, wherein its purported object of study, the past, is not an ontological fact but a cultural artifact. In this instance, what we witness is less a debate among scholars within history than an amorphic anxiety about history. This article makes a case for engaging the radical alterity that confronts the historian of the Middle Ages. It does so, however, cognizant of an ontological impasse: if alterity is attentive to difference, a difference that resists translation into modern knowledge regimes, then what does it mean to engage it historically—that is, through a temporal structure that would have been foreign to the very period of study?

Against the Spell of Modern Knowledge: Education as Multiplicity or the Need for Focused Arbitrariness

Against the Spell of Modern Knowledge: Education as Multiplicity or the Need for Focused Arbitrariness

სიცოცხლისუნარიანი საგანმანათლებლო პროგრამების სტრუქტურირება

Educational leaders are questioning the “traditional’ curriculum, does not provide students with the appropriate employment skills for the modern industrial and knowledge economy. The context of this article is the choice of metaphor to best communicate our Master of Business Administration program. Our design is grounded on systems thinking and two important concepts are stressed, organization structure and operational excellence. The article does not justify this design but concerns how best such a design could be communicated to the reaching staff, students and other institutions. Keywords: Employment skills for business, Operational Excellence, Curriculum development.

Pesantren di Tengah Arus Modernitas: Strategi Pemeliharaan Warisan Islam di Indonesia

Pesantren in Indonesia faces two main challenges: finding a balance between Islamic tradition and modern education and training scholars who can adapt to modern knowledge. This article provides insights into the historical role of pesantren, challenges of modernity, and problem-solving strategies. Pesantren responds to challenges by accelerating the learning of religious materials, focusing on language skills improvement, developing learning materials, modernizing education, integrating traditional and modern elements, and preserving traditional values. The research aims to analyze the historical role of pesantren, assess modernity challenges, identify pesantren strategies, and evaluate sustainability and adaptability. The research design includes a case study involving various pesantren across Indonesia. Thus, this study is expected to offer a deeper understanding of how pesantren preserves and develops Islamic heritage amid the currents of modernity.

ПРОФЕСІЙНА КОМПЕТЕНТНІСТЬ ПЕРСОНАЛУ. ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ. ЇХ ОЦІНКА ТА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПІД ЧАС ПРИЙНЯТТЯ РІШЕННЯ ЩОДО СЕРТИФІКАЦІЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ

Despite the advancing technical progress which resulted into the replacement of human labor by the work of machines and mechanisms, the creation of artificial intelligence that can manage production processes without human intervention, in modern conditions, the skills, knowledge, and experience of a person have no small share in determining the forms, directions, methods and means of improvement, be it the production of products, the provision of services, the implementation of processes. Since teamwork is mostly used in various types of production processes, therefore, of course, the question of relations between team members, their ability to work together for the final result, and their ability to use personal abilities to achieve this result arises. There is no denying the fact that the psychological state of each employee along with his professional abilities create conditions for performing tasks with the least losses and greater efficiency. Optimum arrangement of personnel, taking into account special knowledge, practical experience in performing work, personal qualities regarding the ability to communicate, focus on a certain task, being attentive and observant are the key success factors in any business.

Научная конференция как способ формирования у студентов педагогического вуза опыта научно-исследовательской деятельности

This article presents an analysis of the experience of the Department of General History, Sociology and Political Science of Omsk State Pedagogical University in holding a regional scientific conference “Problems of modern human knowledge”. The aim of the study is to identify the possibilities of this type of work in the context of the formation of future teachers’ competencies for the organization of research work in educational practice. The experience of the department in the preparation and holding of conferences in the period from 2016 to 2023 was studied. The authors conclude that the scientific conference is one of the most effective forms of pedagogical interaction between teachers and students, as well as one of the most effective ways for students of a pedagogical university to acquire research experience, which will be in demand by them when organizing educational and research work with schoolchildren.

“It is untranslatable, but we try hard”: Translators and Translation Experts on the Current Problems of Translation Theory and Practice

This paper summarises the materials of the discussion devoted to the role and specificity of artistic translation in the contemporary world, which was held in the summer of 2023. The participants of the discussion are specialists from Argentina, the UK, and Russia (Moscow, St Petersburg, and Yekaterinburg), all of whom are active translators, as well as researchers, lecturers, and translation editors. The participants received questions they were offered to answer, and their written responses make up the text of the article. The article is relevant, as today, the role of translation is increasing, and translation theory is one of the dynamically developing areas of modern scholarly knowledge. The contributors examine such topical issues of translation theory as translatability/non-translatability, didactics of translation, and the reliability of the source base for translation. The discussion also considers the role of new translations of classical literary works whose earlier translations have already entered the receiving culture, and translations meant for different groups of readers. Additionally, the contributors of the article express their views on the identity of the translator, on what it means to be a “good translator”, the requirements and demands that are placed upon them.

THE OPTIMIZATION OF MEDICAL STUDENTS TRAINING ON IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS IN THE ASPECT OF MEASLES OUTBREAK PREVENTION

The article analyzes the educational prerequisites and measures to increase students’awareness of the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases, in particular, the training ofsenior medical students on the prevention of measles outbreaks. According to the resultsof the students’ success analysis, a slight positive trend was established by the traditional4-point evaluation system based on the results of practical classes on immunoprophylaxisin the V and VI courses in the relevant modules of the discipline «Pediatrics, children’sinfections». A training bank of paper test tasks in the format of the integrated test exam«Step 2» was created, they were uploaded to the Moodle distance learning serverand the student training portal 123.bsmu.edu.ua. with the possibility of independentinteractive testing by the students, an electronic study guide «Immunoprophylaxis ofinfectious diseases in children» was published. The introduction of a selective courseon the problems of immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases resulted in a likely positivedynamic of the level of knowledge of the graduating medical students, as evidenced by theresults of the test tasks. This makes it possible to consider such a path as optimal for theimplementation of modern knowledge of the relevant profile.

What is the Philosophy We Need?

The study provides an overview of the discussion “What is the philosophy we need?”, that took place in the frames of “Modern Ontology - XI: Ontology and Religion” International Scientific and Practical Conference. The discussion spread around three main areas of philosophy teaching: philosophy as the history of philosophy, philosophy as the basis for the worldview, and philosophy as a system-categorical knowledge about the world as a whole. Supporters of the first position demonstrated the content diversity of philosophy, often emphasizing the teacher’s right to choose historical and philosophical material, this position caused criticism from other conference participants, whose main argument was the erosion of the philosophy content. Regarding the second position in the frames of discussion, its participants either denied the involvement of philosophy in the worldview formation, or believed that philosophy is the basis for the worldview, and the task of philosophy, in particular, is to form the worldview of students. As arguments, supporters of this approach cited the need for the philosophy in the transformation of modern spiritual life in Russia. This approach was in harmony with the position of the discussion participants, who advocated a system-categorical approach in philosophy teaching. This approach supposed the combination of abstract section (Ontology) with a specific section, where it would be necessary to consider the three following sections of philosophy: 1 - philosophy of nature, 2 - philosophy of socio-anthropological reality, 3 - philosophy of religion. At the same time, the supporters of this approach suggested using the substantive part of Soviet philosophy as a basis, which needs to be transformed taking into account the achievements of modern knowledge.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF QUR'AN COMMENTATORS' REQUIREMENTS: FROM THE AFFIRMATIVE ERA TO THE REFORMATIVE ERA

This research will look at the requirements that must be possessed by Qur'an commentators who have developed in every era. As a limitation, this research focuses on the affirmative era of interpretation (8-15 AD) and reformative era of interpretation (19 AD). The main sources of this research are four books written by commentators representing each era; two commentators from affirmative era of interpretation; Az-Zarkasyi and As-Suyuthi, and two commentators from reformative era of interpretation; Ahmad As-Syurbashi and Quraish Shihab. Using a socio-historical approach, this literature-based qualitative research concludes that there have been developments in the requirements of commentators in each era. From only to require mastering Ulumul Qur'an skills to demand of mastering a set of modern knowledge. All of this cannot be separated from the influence of historical facts on the problems and demands of the times faced by these commentators.

Clinical variants of the coronavirus disease in children (review of literature)

The problem of coronavirus disease (COVID) requires further study and generalization because the pathogenetic mechanisms are not fully elucidated, and the clinical data are varied. Therefore, it is necessary to accumulate data about the features of coronavirus disease in patients of different age groups in order to enrich the clinical experience. The treatment and diagnosis outcomes were used to make a conclusion about clinical manifestation in pediatric COVID patients. The data were extracted using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases. Generally, important components of coronavirus disease pathogenesis are viral tropism for cell host, cytokine storm, endothelial dysfunction, hemodynamic instability, and dehydration. These pathogenic ways lead to multiorgan injury, so clinical signs of coronavirus infection might be different. It depends on a system that suffers from coronavirus. However, pediatric COVID infection can be mild with respiratory signs, or it can be a multisystem inflammatory syndrome. On the other hand, there are typically laboratory features of coronavirus disease, including a significant rise in inflammatory and coagulation markers such as C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, fibrinogen and D-dimer. Moreover, coronavirus has displaced other expected etiological factors of some acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections and caused acute stenosis laryngitis, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia. Interestingly, coronavirus might be a cause of Kawasaki disease, therefore, physicians should pay attention to all clinical and laboratory signs in children in order to make a clear decision about diagnosis and treatment. The benefits of this study consist in presentation of pediatric COVID features. Modern knowledge will allow to choose necessary diagnostic test in time. General practitioners will be able to refer the patients to hospital before complication arise.

Renaissance of Islam: A Content Analysis of Muhammad Rashīd Riḍā’s Exegesis

The current study aimed to investigate the concepts of Islamic Revival in the light of Rashīd Riḍā’s interpretation. This study was guided by a single research question. The research question focused on the exegesis of the Islamic Renaissance according to the teachings of Rashīd Riḍā. The current study comprised a library research that employed text documents as its data sources. The primary sources of the data included two monumental works by Rashīd Riḍā namely Tafsīr al-Manārand Majallah al-Manār (al-ManārMagazine). In the meantime, pertinent journal articles and scientific books provided the secondary data for the current study. Content analysis was used as an analytical approach. The words, sentences, and paragraphs related to the theme of the current study were examined in depth. Moreover, the study also demonstrated that Rashīd Riḍā’s exegesis of the Islamic Renaissance has five dimensions. Firstly, the emphasis on the purity of Islam; secondly, the prohibition of blind imitation (taqlīd); thirdly, the emphasis on a rational approach to the interpretation of the Qur’ān; fourthly, the emphasis on ijtihād; and fifthly, the incorporation of modern knowledge. This study contributes to the dissemination of valuable insights in order to address the complex problems encountered by Muslim societies and the world as a whole in the modern age.

Spatial-temporal tendencies of the ice regime of the Dnipro Cascade reservoirs

Formulation of the problem. Knowledge about the formation, destruction and trends of the ice regime of rivers and reservoirs is very important for hydropower, shipping, fisheries, etc. There are almost no studies that evaluated the trends, homogeneity and stationarity of the ice regime of the Dnipro Cascade reservoirs. At the same time, such research is relevant especially in the conditions of a changing climate. The objective of this paper is evaluation of spatio-temporal trends of a observation series for the ice regime of the Dnipro Cascade reservoirs based on a complex approach using statistical and graphical methods. Methods. The research used statistical methods, namely the Pearson method for establishing of the trend equation in the time series and the correlation coefficient between variables, and the Mann-Kendell statistical non-parametric test for assessing the statistical significance of the trend. Among the graphic methods, the mass curve and residual mass curve were used to assess the homogeneity and stationarity of observation series, respectively, as well as combined chronological graphs for spatial analysis, determination of synchronous and in-phase (or on the contrary) long-term cyclic fluctuations of the ice regime characteristics at various water gauges. The research was carried out based on the observation data for dates of ice appearance, ice freeze-up, ice break-up (i.e., melt onset), ice disappearance for 35 water gauges. Results. According to the Mann-Kendall statistical test, contradictory results were obtained regarding the stationarity of the observation series of the ice regime of the Dnipro Cascade reservoirs. At the same time, according to graphic analysis, such series turned out to be quasi-homogeneous and quasi-stationary, since they have unfinished phases of increase and decrease of long-term cyclical fluctuations. In turn, the cyclic fluctuations are characterized by synchronous and in-phase, which indicates the same temporal and spatial tendencies of the ice regime of six reservoirs. The dates of the appearance of main phases of the ice regime of the Dnipro Cascade reservoirs are characterized by significant variability. Scientific novelty and practical significance. For the first time, modern knowledge about the ice regime characteristics of the Dnipro Cascade reservoirs were obtained based on the simultaneous application of statistical and graphical methods. In addition, the research results can be used for further research, namely any statistical processing (determination of probabilistic characteristics, search for prognostic dependencies, generalizations, etc.).

Естественно-научные знания в цивилизационных исследованиях

Modern knowledge of ethology are considered in their application to the problems of local civilizations. Human behavior is determined by innate and acquired patterns of behavior. They correspond to two interconnected parts of each civilization: a culture that correlates to the acquired behavior, and a mentality (self-preservation instinct), referring to the inher­ited behavior and ensuring the constancy of the behavior of the people from generation to generation. The relationship between culture and mentality and the negative conse­quences of imposing an alien culture on people with an ingrained mentality are shown on the example of the organization of labor in the Russian artel. Psychological personality types that are stably inherited are examed, and taking into account them, the role of the Moscow principality in the formation of the Russian state is considered.

Innovative Downstream Technology in Agriculture; A Case Study on Rice and Shallot Commodities

The pace of downstream agricultural technology implementation by the government currently legs behind the needs of farmers and the advancement of modern science and knowledge. This study aims to1) analyze institutional patterns in the downstream application of innovative technology in agriculture, 2) examine farmers’ responses to downstream innovative technology, 3) identify the factors influencing the success of downstream innovative agricultural technology. The research was conducted in two districts across two provinces from December 2022 to September 2023, with case studies focusing on rice and shallot commodities. Data were collected through a survey of 240 randomly selected farmer respondents. Data analysis was performed qualitatively and descriptively, involving both formal and non-formal institutions from the central to regional levels. The results indicated that: 1) formal and non-formal institutional support from the central to regional levels significantly affected the downstream process of agricultural innovation; 2) farmers’ response to rice cultivation technology was more favorable than that to shallot cultivation technology; 3) internal factors such as age, education, farming experience, and land area, and external factors such as access to capital, technology, and transportation influenced the success of downstream agricultural innovation. In general, a deep understanding of these factors is crucial for designing more effective strategies to promote technology adoption among farmers. The government should consider the local characteristics of farmers in downstream innovation to increase production and productivity, thereby enhancing farmers’ economic income.

Lebensraum, geopolitics and race—Palestine as a feminist issue in German-speaking academia

Palestine continues to be a contentious issue in and for Western higher education particularly in Germany and, by extension, in German-speaking academia. In this article we take figurations of Palestine as an analytical lens through which to trouble German-centric epistemologies, understandings of history and their applications inside academic structures. We specifically tackle the silence on and ideological erasure of Palestine in German-speaking academic environments and read this erasure as colonially constituted and stemming from a German Lebensraum ideology, ruling over space and race ‘through science’. We propose to understand contemporary erasures of Palestine through this transnational and transhistorical space-race-and-education-nexus. First, we delineate Lebensraum ideology and its policing barriers and apply it to today’s structures of higher education and the territorial exclusion of Palestinians from those structures by way of education. Within this epistemic nationalist framework—which evicts politicized Palestinians qua Palestinians as (too) political—we discuss how Palestine has become a central tool for the maintenance of white academia, and as such is a decolonial feminist issue relevant for the investigation of power structures in higher education and German political discourses. We finally discuss our theoretical approach vis-à-vis commentaries from and by Palestinians in German-speaking higher education. The authors situate their personal and professional experience on the inside, outside, and on the margins of German academia. In a political landscape that disavows BDS on campuses, brands solidarity with Palestinians as anti-Semitic, and a state doctrine that calls for an uncritical and ‘unconditional support of Israel’, this article is of crucial importance to understand modern knowledge production in Germany and Europe. Our methodology is based on literature reviews, new feminist theorization around issues of silence and solidarity, and preliminary (auto-) ethnographic explorations of Palestinians in and out of German-speaking academia.

The Principles and Techniques of Artur Schnabel’s Performance of the Piano Sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven

The piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) represent the highest achievement of the First Viennese School in modern piano performance. The complexity and depth of the stage interpretation requires the study of the composer’s music based on its performance specifics. The study of the features of the piano sonata works by Beethoven on the example of performances by Artur Schnabel, one of the most prominent pianists of the twentieth century, will enrich modern knowledge about the style of Beethoven’s piano works. The objectives of the paper are to characterize the genre and stylistic features of Beethoven’s sonata works and to study the performing features of the German composer’s sonatas in Schnabel’s interpretation. Rationalistic approach is not typical for Schnabel’s interpretation of Beethoven’s sonatas. On the contrary, his performance has romantic features in terms of strength and depth of feeling but is classical in terms of the proportionality of expressive means. His performance impresses with its philosophical orientation and epic spirit. What is especially important to him in the musical composition is an individual approach to the intonation of recitatives, cadences, syncopation, and those stylistic components of playing that form an original interpretation of Beethoven’s music. Schnabel embodies Beethoven’s concepts on the basis of integrity, starting from the epic characteristics of Beethoven’s work

Clinical guidelines of ukrainian hair research society. diagnosis and treatment of alopecia areata

ABSTRACT. Alopecia areata is an immune-mediated disease resulting from the interaction of genetic factors and exogenous triggers, leading to the activation of the Janus Kinases - Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription signaling pathway, the formation of non-specific autoimmune inflammation and disruption of immune tolerance of hair follicles. Alopecia areata has an unpredictable course with a non-scarring type of hair loss, it can affect the hair part of the head and/or hair in other areas, it can be manifested by damage to the nail plates. The psychotraumatic impact of this disease can be compared to the consequences of life-threatening or disabling diseases. For this reason, the degree of negative impact of alopecia areata on the quality of life may not correlate with the objective condition of patients, which is often not taken into account in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Despite the variety of treatment options available, achieving effective and safe disease control is not always straightforward. Treating patients with alopecia areata and comorbid conditions can be particularly challenging and may require close collaboration between specialists from various fields. For these and other reasons, there is significant dissatisfaction among patients regarding alopecia areata and its treatment. The systematic organization, unification, and adaptation of modern knowledge about alopecia areata have led to the creation of two algorithms: a diagnostic algorithm and a therapeutic algorithm. These algorithms provide a differentiated approach to patient management, with age, disease severity, clinical form, disease activity stage, comorbid pathology, prognostic factors, and patient quality of life taken into account. Agents with immunosuppressive action belong to the main group of drugs in the treatment of alopecia areata, according to the antigenic concept of the pathogenesis of the disease. Ongoing work is being done to update treatment protocols to include JAK inhibitors and other preparations, taking into based on new developments and the expanding pharmaceutical market.