Modern Information Warfare Research Articles

Information Warfare: Adapting to the Ever-Changing Nature of War

Information Warfare: Adapting to the Ever-Changing Nature of War

Антиутопии как «самосбывающиеся пророчества» об использовании технологий искусственного интеллекта в информационной войне

The article defines and demonstrates the predictive potential of literary anti-utopias as “self-fulfilling prophecies” describing certain aspects of artificial intelligence technologies and the risks of their application in the context of one of the key threats of technological development of digital society accompanying the global crisis – fifth-generation information warfare. For the first time the texts of literary anti-utopias are scientifically actualised and socio-philosophically and discursively analysed to identify the risks of AI application in modern information warfare. Two groups of risks related to the development of artificial intelligence technologies, in general, and their application in the sphere of information warfare are presented and described from the perpective of modern information warfare. The author concludes that most of the risks described in anti-utopias have come true or are currently coming true, thus demonstrating that the potential of literary anti-utopias is that they not only identify risks, but also, as “self-fulfilling prophecies”, represent possible and realised consequences of the technological development of digital society. Accordingly, they fulfil a prognostic and preventive function. The results of this article can be used to develop appropriate measures in the socio-political sphere, as well as to inform the public about the threats of modern information warfare, including the application of artificial intelligence technologies in this sphere.

THE IMAGE OF RUSSIA AND ITS ARMY IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN INFORMATION WARFARE

The article provides a general analysis of the nature of the new active phase of the Cold War of the West against Russia. The manifesto of this war was the report “The Russian Challenge” prepared by the British Chatham House. In the technologies of information warfare, psychohistorical weapons, social construction, and post-truth are singled out. One of the objects of defeat is the historical and spiritual image of Russia and its army. To do this, Russophobia is used, in the implementation of which the technologies of modern warfare are used. In addition, modern information warfare intrudes directly into the sphere of religious practices and traditional spiritual values, destroying the direct organic connection of a person with the world and his own kind. And behind the image of the West, there are subjects of globalization that seek to establish their own project of world order by dismantling nation-states and local civilizations. In order to survive, Russia must revive the practices of comprehending and embodying objectively existing meanings, taking into account its historical and spiritual experience and the nature of modern challenges and threats of a new information war.

The Role of Ideology in Modern Information Warfare

With the development of new communication technologies, as well as ways of mentally influencing the audience, a new type of military conflict has emerged — the information warfare. The main emphasis in the information warfare is not on inflicting physical violence on the enemy, to bend him to your will, but on the total ideological impact and information suppression of both the enemy army and the population. During such a war, it is information superiority in the media space which actually determines who will be the culprit of the war, and who will be the winner, who will act as the aggressor and who will be the victim, who deserves all-round condemnation in the eyes of the world community, and who needs all-round support. At the same time, the information support of a military conflict determines the mood and therefore effective support for one’s own army and population, in addition it pants into the heads of soldiers and the broad masses of the enemy country the idea that their actions are wrong, thus spreading depression and passivity among them. That is why the ideological basis of the information warfare today plays a key role in its preparation, conduct and consolidation of the results in the spiritual values of the society after it ends.

Pierre Bourdieu’s, Jacques Lacan’s and Roland Posner’s Concepts as the Basis for Explaining the Mechanisms of Information Warfare

This paper focuses on identifying the explanatory potential of certain philosophical and socio-humanitarian concepts in explaining the mechanisms of modern information warfare within the framework of sign-symbolic and cultural-semiotic approaches. The paper represents the concepts of symbolic violence by Pierre Bourdieu, the unconscious and divided subject by Jacques Lacan and cultural expansion by Roland Posner. A related task is to clarify the author’s position regarding the definition of the concept of information war as well as the classification and specifics of today’s information war. The main research method is a discursive analysis of relevant philosophical and social-humanitarian scientific texts, as well as projecting the results of this analysis onto modern information and communication practice.

The Place of Internet Communication in Information Warfare

The article represents the authors’ analysis of historical and modern approaches to the definition of the concept of information warfare and to the tools of its conduct. The classification systems studied in the material were taken into account when conducting a structured content analysis of cases of information wars in Russia and abroad. Internet technologies (of a digital and social nature), their significance in various types of information wars and the tool base were chosen as the key marker of content analysis. The authors have made and confirmed the hypothesis about the intensification of the practice of information warfare in the context of the development of Internet communications, while it should be noted that technologies born in the Internet environment (both digital and social) can be both an instrument of attack and a means of protection in modern information warfare.

Ideal trajectory generation method of missile formation based on Gaussian pseudo-spectrum method

With the increasingly complex combat environment and the diversity of combat tasks, important military targets are surrounded by multi-layer defense. Modern information warfare pays more attention to system confrontation and multi-system cooperative operations,and missile formation to attack targets is the main research content of this paper. For missile wing ideal trajectory generation problems, ensure the attack Angle of time and meet the design requirements, Gaussian pseudo-spectral method is used to generate guarantee missile attacks within the specified time shot on target, at the same time meet the attack Angle constraint at the end of the ideal trajectory, the more missiles cooperative engagement problems into the ideal trajectory tracking problem, avoid the estimate of the remaining time of flight.The main contents of this paper are as follows:(1) Gaussian pseudo-spectral method is used to generate the ideal trajectory model.(2)Use Matlab to simulate the established model.

Технологии политического PR в информационной войне РФ и Запада в рамках военно-политического конфликта на Украине: новые вызовы и новые возможности для России

The article analyzes the use of political PR technologies on the example of conducting an information war between Russia and the West. The authors of the study in this paper answers two questions: firstly, what methods are used in modern information warfare; secondly, and how methods of struggle and PR technologies influence public opinion. The authors conclude that Russia has a need to refine the strategy of conducting information warfare in order to ensure a better impact on the opponent in the role of the– the " collective Westwest".

An Efficient Digital Channelized Receiver for Low SNR and Wideband Chirp Signals Detection

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is essential for obtaining intelligence in modern information warfare. Wideband chirp signals with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are widely used in SAR. Intercepting low-SNR wideband chirp signals is of great significance for anti-SAR reconnaissance. Digital channelization technology is an effective means to intercept wideband signals. The existing digital channelization methods have the following problems: the contradiction of reception blind zone and signal spectrum aliasing, high computational complexity, and low estimating accuracy for chirp signals with a low SNR. This paper proposes a non-critical sampling digital channelized receiver architecture to intercept chirp signals. The receiver architecture has no blind zone in channel division and no aliasing of signal spectrum in the channel, which can provide reliable instantaneous frequency measurements. An adaptive threshold generation algorithm is proposed to detect signals without prior information. In addition, an improved instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) algorithm is proposed, improving low SNR chirp signals’ frequency estimation accuracy. Moreover, a simple channel arbitration logic is proposed to complete the cross-channel combination of wideband signals. Simulations show that the proposed receiver architecture is reliable and robust for low SNR and wideband chirp signal detection. When the input SNR is 0 dB, the absolute frequency root-mean-square error (RMSE) of bandwidth and the center frequency is 0.57 MHz and 1.05 MHz, respectively. This frequency accuracy is great for radio frequency (RF) wideband systems.

«ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ПУЗЫРИ» МОЛОДЕЖНОГО СОЗНАНИЯ

The article considers the phenomenon of “filter bubbles” as the result of creation of a personal information field that insulates users from new information and limits it to their past click-behavior and search history. Consequently, the users obtain much less information that disagrees with their viewpoints and become intellectually isolated and dependent on other opinions. The modern youth is most susceptible to this effect, which makes them the object of information and sychological warfare. The socio-political category of “information and psychological warfare” is considered as psychological pressure put on youth consciousness for demoralization purposes through media. The Internet made it possible to synthesize modern psycho and information technologies, thus affecting unconscious human behavior. The article considers the place and role of “filter bubbles” in the modern information and psychological warfare, technologies of ideological, information and psychological as well as cultural influence on the younger generation. The mechanisms of changing youth consciousness through the use of networkcentric technologies with manipulative and fake content are given evidence-based descriptions.

Corruption as a Mechanism for the Formation of Recruitment Vulnerability in Modern Information Warfare Operations

Corruption as a Mechanism for the Formation of Recruitment Vulnerability in Modern Information Warfare Operations

A New Approach for Target Capability Assessment and Selection in Complex Situations

In modern information warfare, medium and long-range weapons with high strike precision are often used to ensure stable, accurate, and ruthless conditions. However, the target system often has multiple target units and which target units to specifically attack becomes the primary issue. This study constructs a target combat system network based on the complex network theory and maximum entropy principle, establishes a key target selection model based on this network, and then determines the use of medium and long-range weapons to strike the key target unit in the enemy combat system network. The key target selection model consists of four parts. The first is a value model of the node itself constructed by comprehensively considering the relationship between the target and the war, the importance of the target in the system, and the threat of the target. The second is a node network value model based on the potential field theory. The third is to construct a cascading failure model of the target system through the definition of triples (results of strike action, target unit status, and failure influence relationship between target units). Fourth, with the optimal cost-effectiveness ratio as the objective function, the evaluation criterion function model is established. Case scenarios and simulation experiments illustrate the rationality and effectiveness of the method which can provide effective solutions for commanders to select key targets.

Reliability analysis for command‐and‐control systems based on edge extension diagram and binary decision diagram

AbstractAs the central nervous system of modern information warfare, the command‐and‐control network becomes the brain of command and the strategic target of the enemy's primary attack during the operation. In this paper, a method based on edge extension diagram (EED) and binary decision diagram (BDD) is proposed to evaluate the reliability of connectivity within the basic command post of command‐and‐control network, which is solving the problem that the conventional methods failed to model failure probabilities of node links and with low calculation efficiency. First, graph simplification of network topology, extension of nodes under reliable state, construction of path functions, replacement of associated edges, variable sorting, construction of binary decision graphs, and recursive calculation to evaluate the reliability of the connection between the two ends of the command‐and‐control network. Then, further analyze and sort the variable importance of the command‐and‐control network and analyze the sensitivity of the network topology. This paper contributes to the reliability assessment of command‐and‐control network system, the identification and maintenance of key network nodes, and the design of network topology structure.

Language consequences of modern psychological and information warfare in Russian mass-media: problem definition

The paper deals with the urgent and topical issue of political linguistics - the influence of information and psychological warfare on the Russian language. The aim of the paper is to describe the most frequent novices in the modern Russian language and speech which occur due to the domestic information and psychological warfare. The research was carried out on the basis of the mass-media texts, the traditional linguistic research methods were used (analysis and description, contextual and axiological analysis, etc.). As the result of the analysis the authors singled out both new and traditional words and word combinations which simultaneously serve as the weapon and the result of information and psychological warfare. Two groups of language (speech) means were defined: specialized (which perform the relevant evaluative function - either positive or negative) and non-specialized (which change the function depending on the context, the semantic ambivalent words and word combinations). The specialized means include pejorative words and word combinations: political labels, invectives, terribilitisms (bogey-words), delusions (trap-words), negatively connotative words, and euphemisms. Ameliorative means are not characteristic of information and psychological warfare, though words and word combinations are widely used which denote national concepts being the subject of information rivalry. Neutral language means in information and psychological warfare in the Russian language include terms and terminoids, naming various types of rivalries and technologies constituting them. The results obtained contribute to the development of the information and psychological warfare linguistics. Research perspectives encompass the refinement of some points and the analysis of information and psychological warfare language consequences in the light of linguistic ecology.

VG3 Cipher for Secure Image Transmission

The rampant growth of Internet and communication has revolutionized the way people communicate and it has led to rapid enhancement in modern information warfare. The world around us requires the information security more than ever before due to copious reasons primarily being the importance of financial and personal data which can be utilized by the malicious hackers to gain undue advantage. Out of innumerable methodologies available for data safeguarding, cryptography has always been an indispensable tool. However, the changing ways of cyber-attacks demand an upgraded cryptographic version that can handle potential attacks on media of myriad data types. This paper proposes one such encrypting technique which is based on biological methods and used principally for the encoding of digital images based on amalgamation of DNA encryption and Rubik’s cube.

Sharhorod as a Jewish shtetl at the late 16th – early 20th centuries: particular qualities and typical features of the socio-cultural appearance

Regional historical and cultural studies represent the new areas of regional studies associated with the actualisation of the problems of regional identity in the context of an identification crisis, both at the level of the individual and at the level of the whole ethnic group. The worldview split of society as a product of the pluralism of the postmodern culture of the early 20th century led to the fragmentation of historical knowledge and the mosaic nature of historical structures, the devaluation of the value of a single historical past in the post-Soviet space. In the logic of historical postmodernism the substitution of historical facts becomes possible, which together with the blurring of socio-spatial identity, make the basis for myth-making and distortions of the processes that actually took place in the history and culture of peoples. In the context of the modern information warfare, various anti-Russian historical myths, including the “prison of the nations”, acquire special topicality. The article examines the history of the Jewish ethnos – one of the traditional ethnic groups that used to live in the territory of the Russian Empire at the late 16th – the early 20th centuries in the Ukraine. The object of regional research is Sharhorod, one of the towns of Eastern Podolia (now Vinnytsia Region), a typical Jewish shtetl with characteristic features of socio-cultural appearance. The town arose in 1585 in the lands of the Polish magnate Jan Sariusz Zamoyski, where the geopolitical interests of the Russian and Ottoman empires, Poland, Lithuania and Principality of Moldavia collided.

The legal status of the Jewish population in Russia: a political and analytical review (the late 18th – early 20th centuries)

The problem of mythologising the history of Russia in the context of the thesis “prison of the peoples” remains topical in the context of the modern information warfare of civilisational opponents. An attempt to implant in the public consciousness a myth about the exclusively discriminatory nature of the imperial nationality policy, in particular, on the Jewish question, prevents from objective examination of the ongoing processes. The article analyses the main tendencies of the state policy towards Jewish subjects of the Russian Empire during the reign of four emperors – Alexander I, Nicholas I, Alexander II and Nicholas II. The work used various sources, materials and research. The article provides a general overview of historiography on the problem, and also examines the creation of the Pale of Settlement, measures in the field of restricting the civil rights of the Jewish population and education. The authors come to the conclusion that the policy of the Russian Empire in the Jewish question was not anti-Semitic, although it was ambiguous and, at times, contradictory. At the same time, restrictive measures did not apply to the religious and ritual-cult side of the life of the Jews. The historical and factual basis of the publication helps to understand the building of civilised relations in the environment of Russian society, which is represented by different cultures and religions.

ПР-ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЯК ЗАСІБ ФОРМУВАННЯ Й ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ГРОМАДСЬКОЇ ДУМКИ ПІД ЧАС ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ВІЙН

<p><strong><em>The purpose </em></strong><em>of the study is to analyze the problem of the specifics and effectiveness of the impact of PR technologies on the formation and use of public opinion in the processes of information warfare. </em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> The following methods and approaches were used in the study: system analysis – to clarify the characteristics, on the one hand, of modern information warfare, on the other – the state of mass consciousness and public opinion; structural and functional analysis – to study the peculiarities of the impact of information warfare and the reaction of public opinion to it; comparative analysis – to compare the effects of information warfare on different groups of the population of Ukraine. The empirical basis of the study is the data of an expert survey of representatives of a number of specific categories of the population: anti-terrorist operation soldiers, volunteers, teachers of socio-political departments of higher education institutions (32 people, 2016). </em></p><p><strong><em>Results. </em></strong><em>The article considers an important and little-studied problem related to the role of PR technologies and the specifics of their use by the subjects of information wars in the formation of public opinion in the population of both warring parties, and its use to solve various problems. war. </em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> The specifics of using such technologies as image-making, branding, covert management on NLP-technologies, organization of PR-campaigns and some others are analyzed. The analysis is carried out mainly on the basis of consideration of the relevant problems that have arisen and are arising in the process of information war between the Russian Federation and Ukraine, which has been conducted since 2014. Examples of its use of PR-technologies are given. </em></p><p><strong><em>The practical significance.</em></strong><em> The formulated conclusions can be used both by scientists for the development of special sociological theories (sociology of mass communications, sociology of war, sociology of public opinion) and by practitioners, employees of public administration and security services of Ukraine to improve work in information security.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> information war, public opinion, PR-technologies, image-making, NLP-technologies.</em></p>

О формировании готовности к информационному противоборству в процессе воспитания курсантов военных вузов

Information warfare is a challenge of modern society, concealing a huge destructive potential, which is no longer possible to ignore. The purpose of this research is to show the need, relevance and prospects for the study of the pedagogical aspects of the multifaceted, multi-level interdisciplinary problem of information warfare, which remains insufficiently developed and requires close attention of educational researchers. Among the spectrum of pedagogical aspects, we consider educational ones related to the formation of the readiness of military universities’ cadets for information warfare; use axiological, personality-active and hermeneutic methodological approaches and the principles corresponding to them. The presented results have scientific novelty, since they reveal the possibilities of improving the professional training of future officers of the Russian Army through the formation of their readiness for information warfare, these especially relevant and significant possibilities are not reflected in Russian psychological and pedagogical literature. We specify the key concepts necessary to study the role of education in the formation of the readiness of military universities’ cadets for informational warfare, shows methodological approaches and principles of the research, present a brief description of the technology of cadets' education, the implementation of which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of formation of such readiness. The practical significance of the research of the mentioned problem’s aspects and its results is determined by the opportunities that open up by the implementation of the educational technology for forming cadets' readiness for modern information warfare. Prospects for further research of the problem are associated, among other things, with the development of the pedagogical aspects related to the formation of an integral personality of a future officer in the educational process of military universities, and with the study of the readiness of military personnel for informational warfare as an interdisciplinary problem.

ABOUT COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES OF MODERN INFORMATION WARFARE

This article reviews the historical milestones of the emergence and development of information warfare and its main forms, which marked the beginning of the theory of information warfare in the 20 th century. The article provides a brief description of some key episodes and facts from the ancient history of information warfare, including the mention of the “Treatise on 36 Stratagems” and the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith. The development of modern technologies and the processes of informatization are the main reason for the emergence of new forms of warfare. The author emphasizes such a quality of modern information warfare as polymorphism, which allows one to claim the urgency of the research topic from the perspective of various fields of scientific knowledge, and specifically of linguistics. The author notes that language plays a key role in information warfare due to its ability to reflect reality and influence people's consciousness, which allows identifying the concepts of “information warfare” and “information-psychological warfare”. The communicative aspect of information warfare is singled out due to the role of the language – the main tool of communication. The author draws a parallel between the information warfare and the war in the usual sense in terms of planning. A common feature of all wars is the presence of a strategy. The article presents a number of definitions of the term “communication strategy” and highlights its main features. Based on the situation, the author identifies several new communication strategies that are characteristic of the current situation in the world; for each strategy, a brief description and examples are provided. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a new typology of communication strategies caused by the unstable situation in the world. The object of the study includes headlines of informational articles and speeches of media personalities. The study employs the method of description, and its results open up new prospects of further research in the field of cognitive linguistics.