Modern Girl Research Articles

Gender aspects of scientific activity and the specifics of the perception of science and scientists by modern girls and young men – students and high school students

Introduction. In the modern world, science is becoming a social tool that allows us to solve priority tasks of innovative development and the well-being of society. At the same time, against the background of the crisis state of Russian science and the decline in the prestige of scientific activity, there is still a respectful attitude towards the results of scientists' work, especially among people with a high educational level. However, at the same time, conservative negative attitudes towards women are quite widespread both among ordinary people and in the academic environment itself, leading to an underestimation of their research potential and the practice of devaluing their scientific contribution. Science is traditionally considered a male field of activity, and there is still a gender asymmetry in favor of men. The results of foreign and domestic research show that there are still many obstacles to women's entry into science, and therefore many girls do not consider science as a sphere of their future professional self-realization. As for the young men, there are conflicting data regarding their desire to engage in scientific research. This article presents the results of a comparative study devoted to the study of the specifics of the perception of scientific activity and the attitude towards science and scientists of female and male girls and boys – high school students and university students, taking into account the subjective attractiveness of the profession of a scientist for them. Materials and Methods. The study involved 112 high school students (57 boys and 55 girls) and 122 university students from different faculties and fields of study (humanities, technical, medical) (56 boys and 66 girls). To collect empirical data, a set of methods was used, including a scale for evaluating the contribution of female and male scientists to science, as well as interest in science and the degree of subjective attractiveness for respondents of scientific activity as a possible sphere of professional self-realization; an author's questionnaire; a modified version of L. B. Schneider's professional identity research methodology for studying the images of a female scientist and a male scientist; a modified version of S. Boehm's methodology for determining the degree of identification (identification) of respondents with the image of a scientist. Results. It was found that higher school students demonstrate a more pronounced interest in science and scientific activity than high school students, which is especially pronounced among girls. At the same time, the degree of attractiveness of scientific activity as a possible sphere of professional self- realization for girls and boys, although it increases during the transition from secondary school to higher education, generally turns out to be relatively low. Both girls and boys are poorly informed about the activities of female scientists and their scientific achievements, and also, for the most part, with the exception of female students, characterize the image of a female and male scientist differently, much more often giving the features of a professional male researcher. At the same time, it was found that there are gender differences in the degree of self-identification with the image of a scientist in favor of young men among high school students and the absence of similar gender differences among university students. During their student years, both boys and girls tend to identify with a scientist to about the same extent, which significantly exceeds the self-identification with this image among high school students. Discussion and Conclusions. The results obtained in the study may indirectly indicate the inner readiness of modern girls and boys to engage in scientific activities not only within the framework of academic, but also at a professional level.

Chicas Modernas and Chinas Poblanas: International and National Influences in the Mexican Beer Industry and its Advertisements, 1910–1940

Abstract The Mexican beer industry in general, and advertising in particular, contained both international and national influences. The industry transitioned from significant inputs of capital, technology, and expertise by foreigners during the Porfiriato (1876-1911) to locals carrying out these functions during the Revolution (1910-1940). Advertising in the latter period had Western inspirations, as seen in descriptions of Germanic heritage and images of the Modern Girl. It also had domestic ones, such as native historical figures, contemporary rural types, and Spanish colonial architecture. Some ads even mixed iconography from abroad with that from home. The trajectory of the beer industry as well as its marketing fit in with the political, economic, and social hallmarks of these key periods in Mexican history.

‘가족이라는 환상’의 계승자 노리코

In this study, I critically reconsider the issue of how women are represented in Ozu Yasujiro's Noriko Trilogy-Late Spring(1949), Early Summer(1951), Tokyo Story(1953). When Ozu deals with the family community in his films, he deliberately removes the authoritative patriarchy derived from ‘Ie’ system and consciously omits the problems of the past, leaving only the nostalgia of the ‘traditional family.’ At this point, the traditional family can be said to be space as an ‘illusion’, which Japan must recover again after the war and humane warmth exists. In this space, women can only be wives or mothers, not individuals. Moreover, the purpose of education for women was to train the ideology of ‘good-wife and wise-mother’ that fosters the next generation of citizens and supports the husband and family. ‘Modern girl’, who has appeared in Japanese society since the 1920s, conflicts with this ideology. So Ozu represents Noriko as a contradictory figure-a modern girl with traditional values to solve this problem. Noriko seemingly refuses to marry and stands on her own, but she cannot escape the familyhood. In Late Spring, and Early Summer, Her freedom is to the level that society can tolerate, and where she should be is always at ‘home.’ Noriko in Tokyo Story appears to maximize the positivity of the ideal Japanese woman. The family community has been dissolved or already dissolved in the Noriko trilogy. It is Noriko's marriage that resolves the anxiety and conflict that arise here. Although Noriko's current family has been divided, she is incorporated into another patriarchy, maintaining the ‘ideal family’ that Ozu pursues. In this process, ‘individual’ Noriko disappears and only Noriko, the successor of ‘good-wife and wise-mother’, remains in the family.

The Economy of Whiteness: Make-Up and Female Sexuality in Transactional Modern Love in Uno Chiyo’s Early Works

ABSTRACT This article analyzes female make-up and modern consumerism in Uno Chiyo’s early short stories Shifun no kao (‘Painted face’, 1921) and Rōjo Manon (‘The old woman Manon’, 1928). These works were published as the notion of beauty transitioned in Japan’s modern era, shifting from a preference for heavy to light make-up. The obsession with whiteness of the female protagonists, as well as unique motifs in Uno’s short stories, suggests racial and sexual issues in modernity. Despite the common perception of their cosmopolitanism, this article argues that the modern girls described in Uno’s works tend to internalize the ethnic and cultural hierarchy between Caucasian men and Japanese women, denigrating and othering non-Western people, including the Japanese whose bodies do not successfully represent Westernization or modernity. In a similar vein, Uno portrays the failure of female make-up as the attempt to emulate an artificial Western beauty, thereby illustrating the challenges faced by female authors describing Japanese female characters in the modern era.

Revisiting the Stardom of Yang Naimei: The Typecast, the Modern Girl, and the Femme Fatale

Abstract This paper aims to revisit Yang Naimei’s stardom by discussing her as China’s most famous femme fatale of the 1920s. She was the first Chinese film actress to be typecast according to her public persona, and the first to be cast in a series of anti-heroes. In my discussion, I treated her as an extreme case of the 1920s film actresses through which we could see more clearly their ambitions, their talents, their situations, and their struggles. I would like to argue that she is an extreme locus of modern femininity in 1920s China, where being a modern girl, a film star, or a femme fatale is one and the same thing. As a modern girl in search of her subjectivity, she exerted a vibrant energy in the search for visibility through performing stardom. This paper also examined the bense discourse that has been popular in China for almost a century, and in particular discussed why the film actress is always closely tied between her on-screen image and her off-screen image, as a response to an essentialist idea, attitude, and assumption that surrounds Yang Naimei, that she can effortlessly play a femme fatale on screen simply because she is a femme fatale herself.

Class Struggle and Feminist Character Transformation of Eliza Doolittle in Shaw’s Pygmalion

George Bernard Shaw depicts, the life of the British middle-class society of the Victorian era. He received the Noble Prize in Literature (1952) and the Oscar Award for his best writing and illustration of Pygmalion. In Pygmalion Shaw addresses class struggle, pronunciation trends, thematic interpretation feminist character transformation and stylistic patterns. Eliza’s inaccurate English spelling is due to a poor economic and social position in society. Shaw’s Pygmalion attracts the reader’s attention to the social class and female viewpoints. The characters of Dolittle’s highlights the idea of class conflict in British society during the Victorian era. Eliza is the ideal character example for the lost modern girl and that these lost females will take lessons from play and make a great transition to obtain dignity, confidence and equality. The character Higgins, who sees that passion for the perfect use of language as a prerequisite for one’s success, uses social influence to enforce his point of view to make the character Eliza embrace and live in compliance with his orders. Thus, Shaw’s Pygmalion shows the hard work of Eliza Doolittle, a flower girl, suffered from the male dominant society and becomes stronger independent women.

Региональные особенности возрастной динамики антропометрических показателей детей и подростков г. Магадана в период онтогенеза 10–17 лет

Introduction. Physical development of younger generation is considered to be important part of age biology issues. This research aimed to conduct the assessment study on physical development of modern children and adolescents born and permanently living in extreme conditions of the North-East of Russia, and compare it to the 2001 survey. Materials and methods. Four thousand two hundred and seven schoolchildren aged 10–17, both males and females, participated in the 2019 monitoring. Basic anthropometric parameters were measured for each student: Body Length, Body Mass, Chest Circumference in pause, and Body Mass Index was calculated. We comparatively analyzed the age dynamics of the studied anthropometric indicators and the rate of change in these indicators during the year within each age group, as well as differences between the same age groups of the 2001 and 2019 surveys. Results. Modern adolescents tend to be higher in somatometric indices as compared to those of previous years. Modern boys exhibited higher BM within the age of 13–16 (p<0.05), BL within the age of 11–16 (p<0.05), and CC at the age of 17 (p<0.05). They experience the active increase in their BM, BL, and CC starting at 12–13 while the boys from the 2001 survey demonstrated the comparable increase (p<0.05), they are higher in BM at the age of 12–15 (p<0.05), and CC at ages of 11 and 13–14 (p<0.05). Modern girls show the active increase in their BM, BL, and CC starting at 11–13, while it lasted until the age of 14 in the girls from the 2001 survey. The BMI variables proved to increase towards overweight and obesity: boys gained 2.2 kg and 5.4 kg, and girls 9.5 kg and 5 kg, respectively. Conclusion. We found the shift of the growth leaps in BL, BM, and CC to younger ages as characteristic of the modern adolescents. In general, higher variables of the studied indicators are evidence of the ongoing acceleration processes in physical development. @ 2023. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license

A Starlet's Secret to a Sensational Afterlife by Kendall Kulper

Reviewed by: A Starlet's Secret to a Sensational Afterlife by Kendall Kulper Aaren Tucker Kulper, Kendall A Starlet's Secret to a Sensational Afterlife. Holiday House, 2023 [352p] Trade ed. ISBN 9780823453610 $19.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9780823455331 $11.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R Gr. 9-12 Henrietta Newhouse departs Chicago to pursue her big Hollywood dreams after winning a contest for a one-way train ticket and a screen test, only to discover upon arrival that she's been scammed. Forced to make it on her own, Henny succeeds in part thanks to a chance meeting with up-and-coming starlet Midge, which leads to a real screen test with Silver Wing Studios. Her on-screen partner? Declan Collins. Declan has made a name for himself as the unbreakable stunt man who will take the dangerous jobs others won't. He has no interest in being a star, but he agrees to the screen test, hoping to find out more about several missing starlets that are connected to Silver Wing. Henny and Declan dislike each other immediately, but their sizzling chemistry is a hit, prompting the studio to pair them up as a fake couple. Pretending to date Declan is all part of the job to Henny until her new friend Midge visits her—disturbingly, as a ghost. Henny might have a target on her back, and Declan could turn out to be the only person in this rotten town she can trust. Kulper's follow-up to Murder for the Modern Girl (BCCB 5/22) delivers the same gritty world-building and appropriately antiquated first-person narration to transport readers to 1930s Hollywood. Henny is the sister of Murder for the Modern Girl's Ruby, but this novel stands completely on its own; Henny follows in Ruby's footsteps as another confident, savvy heroine in a glamorous dress navigating a world full of powerful, Weinstein-esque men chewing up hopeful young women and spitting them out. Henny and Declan's sharp, funny banter and earnest chemistry provide the heart and spine throughout the gruesome mysteries and supernatural thrills of another superb novel from Kulper. Copyright © 2023 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

American Girl Dolls as Professionals

American Girl Dolls as Professionals

Institutionalized ‘bad girls’: adolescent female folk devils in Canadian newspapers between 1991 and 2012

ABSTRACT Prior literature takes for granted that media do not reflect real crime trends, but present sensationalized depictions of girls and crime. A positive correlation exists between violent guilty findings among Canadian girls and the frequency of reporting in national newspapers. Media present simplistic and problematic depictions of girls’ involvement in crime with a qualitative content analysis finding two female-specific folk devils: the modern girl devoid of innocence and the girls wanting to attain masculine power. The construction of female folk devils, corresponding with traditional gendered tropes, highlights how moral panics surrounding girls’ criminal and violent behaviour are tied to gender inequality.

영화 <미몽>과 1936년의 경성

Mimong(Sweet Dream, 1936), the oldest talkie film made in the Korean language in existence, became an instant target of many researchers in its cinematographical plot and methods when it first came to light. This article, based on former studies in film history, crossexamined several significant places in the colonial capital of Joseon depicted in the film with historical materials. As Sweet Dream dealt with a run-away modern girl, it showed some modern landmarks of Keijo. This paper found eight places that were fairly accurately identified with other photos of the time. Therefore, this paper examined the film as a text of reading city rather than film history and pursued the possibility of using it as a historical and cultural resource of today’s Seoul.

Anatomical and Morphological Features of the Pelvic Structure of Tall Female Students

The article presents the results of a study of identification of the characteristics of the bone of the pelvis at the female students of high growth. The aim of the article is the description and analysis of the identified morphological and anatomical and anthropological features of the pelvis of the girls. The methods of the study were pelviometry, anthropometry, method of indices, analysis and statistical processing of the results. The dimensions of the female pelvis, the basis of all professional activities of a midwife as an important subject of pregnancy and birth. Therefore, of particular interest is a comprehensive study of special values of morphological and anthropological indicators, the variability of shapes and size of the pelvis in young women, especially in youth and the first reproductive years, among which is dominated by a female students. As a result of our research in the whole group we obtained the mean value of the index of pelvic bones – 40,53±0,84 cm, indicating a sufficient level of maturity and readiness. In the studied group of students is dominated by tall girl having indicators is not wide or normal and the narrow pelvis – 76,67%. Also noteworthy is the fact that almost every third girl are more or І-III degree of narrowing of the pelvis on the background of its morpho-anthropometric changes, which is quite common among modern girls. It is established that the external dimensions of the pelvis are in close correlation with other dimensions of a woman's body where leading role belongs to the length and body weight. The results of the study indicate that among students of high growth are dominated by those that are shoulder-width apart (35,50±0,86 cm) longer than the width of the pelvis (32,12±0,43 cm). This shows android and not gynecolgy type of construction of the torso of the body, which is not typical for girls. The practical significance of the conducted research consists in the identification of certain violations of reproductive health among this group of students of high growth. It is established that in the future, having identified numerous changes in the structure and shape of the bony pelvis, most of them can have problems during pregnancy and childbirth. The results of the study indicate that among students with high growth are dominated by those that have a shoulder width greater than the width of the pelvis. This shows android and not genecide type of build of the trunk of the body, is not typical for girls. The absolute predominance of different options narrow basins indicates that among modern girls undergoing certain morphological changes in their bodies. Further research will focus on studying the peculiarities of the menstrual cycle in this group.

윤심덕과 김우진을 경유해 고찰한 1920년대 조선의 감정구조

The life and death of Yun Sim-deok, a modern girl in the 1920s, and Kim Woo-jin, an intellectual at the time, attracted a lot of attention to the people of the time. This paper extracted one aspect of Joseon's the structure of feelings in the 1920s. Regarding the structure of feelings, Raymond Williams studied it based on the concept of “the structure of feelings” presented in the book “Marxism and Literature”.the interest poured into Yoon Sim-deok, this paper resulted in the emotional structure of anxiety in Joseon at the time, and Kim Woo-jin also found that he had been under pressure from the bondage of pre-modern values and traditions symbolized as “father.” In the process, it was found that both were under the influence of dual the structure of feelings and divisive world perception in common.

Prática de vida de uma flapper chinesa do desenvolvimento da Mulher na China

Abstract: As one of the earliest movie stars in China, Yang Naimei’s life reflects the process of professionalization and modernization of Chinese women in the early 20th century. This study discusses the life practices and significance of Yang Naimei as a Chinese flapper. Flapper refers to the modern girl who arose in Europe and America in the 1920s as a challenge to traditional lifestyles. Yang Naimei fully embodied the characters of the flapper. She often played an unruly woman on the screen, and she had many relationships in her life, accumulating wealth and a reputation with her acting career. However, society at that time did not provide enough space for the sustainable development of the women’s generation, like Yang Naimei, in economic, political and personal life. After the loss of her youth, she was disposed of by the film industry and suffered from poverty and disease in the latter half of her life. Taking Yang Naimei as an illustration of the times can reflect the twists and turns in the treatment of Chinese women offered by the society.

Companions and Villains

This article examines boy characters in early twentieth-century girls’ scouting fiction. These series, marketed using the names of the recently established girls’ organizations, supported female empowerment. They also included important boy characters: brothers, companions, villains, and bullies. The first three types are exemplars of what boys’ workers envisioned as middle-class manhood: youthful wildness and spunk channeled into habits of hard work, self-reliance, and intelligence. These boys would also recognize girls as near-equal partners at a time when marriage norms were becoming more companionate. Rural bullies and ethnic villains, by contrast, provide warnings about boys who do not develop manly self-control. Girls’ series helped shape how modern girls thought about their male peers, including what girls would and would not accept in their relationships with boys.

Feminising the ‘Modern’ Sweetness: Gender and Western‐Style Confectionery in Interwar Japan

AbstractThis article explores how the feminisation of Western‐style confectionery was critical in bridging sweetness with modernity in interwar Japan. By examining three categories of Japanese women – the ‘female worker’, the ‘modern girl’ and the ‘good wife, wise mother’, it argues that the sweetness of Western‐style confectionery was associated with the female body due to women's extensive involvement in the production process and performances in visual advertisements. As these women helped construct the cultural imagination of Western‐style confectionery as a feminised product, their presence also unfolds the key links between Japan's rising consumer culture and the empire's growing power.

“A barbaric, elemental force”: The Liminal Role of the Eastern European Modern Girl in Western Culture

The Modern Girl was a feminine archetype that emerged in the early 1900s, challenging traditional gender roles and redefining racial boundaries. Particularly revealing of these dynamics is the case of the Eastern European Modern Girl, a figure who was characterized by her barbaric, primitive origins and ‘off-White’ racial status. This article seeks to investigate the construction of femininity and Whiteness in the interwar era through a comparative discourse analysis of two quintessential Modern Girls: Hollywood stars Pola Negri and Gilda Gray. It examines the ways in which each starlet’s ethnicity has been used to situate her as an exotic, racial Other. However, while Eastern European women were often exoticized and Othered, they could also be ideologically ‘Whitened’ through juxtaposition with members of more visibly racialized groups. This paper examines the ways in which Eastern European Modern Girls negotiated this unique position within the boundaries of femininity and, in doing so, argues that the social construction of Whiteness is fundamentally a relational process.

The Role of Cinema in the Development of the Creative Thought of the Japanese Writer Tanizaki Junichiro

The subject of the study is the work of the largest Japanese writer of the XX century. Tanizaki Junichiro (谷崎潤一郎, 1886-1965), in particular, the essay "The present and the future of cinema" (活動写真の現在と将来, Katsudo:syasin no genzai to se: Paradise, 1917). This work can be described as a milestone, because it marks the beginning of the evolution of Tanizaki Junichiro's creative thought – passion for modernism, progress, cinema. After the publication of the essay "The Present and the Future of cinema", there is an increased interest in the writer's visual techniques characteristic of screenplays; in the early 1920s, a series of works appeared ("Blue Flower" (青い花, Aoi Hana, 1921), "Ave Maria" (アヴェ・マリア, Ave Maria, 1922), "Residents of the port city" (港の人々, Minato no hitobito, 1926), "The Love of a fool" (痴人の愛, Chijin-no ai, 1924), etc.), filled with cinematic scenes, references to Hollywood actresses and Western films. The object of the study is female images in the writer's work, which were created with an eye to Hollywood actresses. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the landmark essay "Present and Future cinema" was not translated into Russian and was not subjected to scientific analysis in Russian literary studies, respectively, the work of Tanizaki Junichiro was considered without taking into account the influence of cinema on him. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the writer became not only one of the creators of the new female image "modan ga: ru" (from the English modern girl) – modern women copying the appearance and habits of Hollywood actresses – in Japanese culture, but also created a female face that penetrated the fabric of Japanese culture, influencing its reality.

Shanghai Ladies and Lilong Housing: The Feminine Scene Permeating Urban Shanghai

In the Shanghai of the early twentieth century, rapid population growth and the consequent high density meant that, in much of the city, everyday life was condensed into a small and compact box-shaped row house. These houses were arranged along lanes which were also communities, called lilong. Shanghai’s lilong seem haunted by images of Shanghai ladies. This paper aims to explore the social ecology of the lilong by studying its spatial aspects and asking to what extent they influence and are influenced by the radical and creative character of Shanghai ladies, whether “New Women” or “Modern Girls.” Shanghai ladies’ modern femininity, which was architecturally, socially and historically conditioned, seems to have given them a particular attitude with which to approach the physical world, and which in turn pervaded the atmosphere and identity of the city as a whole.

Technologies of Visibility

Technologies of Visibility