Modern Geoinformation Systems Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF GEODESIC DATA IN THE PLANNING AND MONITORING OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES: OPTIMIZATION OF LAND USE AND NATURE PROTECTION

The purpose of the article is to assess the effectiveness of using geodetic data in the processes of planning and monitoring agrolandscapes. The research is focused on determining the role of these data in improving land use systems and developing natural resource conservation strategies. The main tasks of the research include the analysis of the current state of use of geodetic data in the field of agrolandscapes, determination of advantages and limitations of their use, development of recommendations for their optimization, and assessment of the impact on nature protection and sustainable development of agriculture. The research methodology is based on the use of detailed space maps created from high-resolution satellite images from the WorldView-4 satellite. The technical characteristics of the satellite and its shooting capabilities, including optical data, the width of the shooting band and the frequency of shooting, are presented in detail in the article. These data make it possible to reveal the macrostructure and geometry of agrolandscapes, including their spatial arrangement and internal structure, as well as to evaluate various characteristics such as area, size, and geostatistical characteristics of the terrain. Data analysis provides important information on various aspects of agro-landscapes, including their forest cover, size and area, and degradation levels of the test fields. The study showed that most of the studied territory is occupied by complex dark-chestnut soils, and the degradation of arable land is mainly related to the washing away of the fertile layer. The test area is dominated by fields with a "risk" level of degradation. The use of geodetic data in modern geoinformation systems makes it possible to implement agrotechnical anti-erosion measures in a timely manner, which prevent the loss of agricultural land. Adaptive landscape land management, based on GIS, contributes to the preservation of the ecological skeleton of natural complexes and controls the anthropogenic impact on the environment. The results of the study demonstrate the importance of integrating geodetic data into the monitoring, planning and management of agrolandscapes, emphasizing their importance for the sustainable development of agricultural territories.

Assessment of coal mining impact on the geoecological transformation of the Emerald network ecosystem

Purpose. Geoecological assessment of impact on the ecosystem transformation of a part of Emerald Network object “Samarskyi Lis – UA0000212” caused by coal mining at the section of “Ternivska” mine (Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine) using the methods of remote sensing of the Earth in conditions of limited access to the study object due to the state of martial law in Ukraine. Methodology. A complex of standardized field, paper, laboratory and statistical research methods was used. When studying aquatic vegetation, generally accepted methods for describing the species and coenotic composition of vegetation and hydrobotanical mapping were used. The study on soil vegetation was carried out with the selection and description of the main phytocenoses, features of their composition and distribution on the territory. Floristic studies were carried out according to the method for collecting herbarium material. Field routes were carried out on the land surface along the mining of the coal bed with the recording of destructive changes in the landscape (falls, top-soil breaks, sufosis manifestations, cracks, lowering of the relief) and plant groups – the colour and condition of tree, shrub and grass vegetation. In order to compare visual observation data and obtain representative and reliable research results, the facility was monitored additionally using modern geoinformation systems. A satellite observation tool was used; it allowed searching, processing, and obtaining information from satellite data according to various indexes: WRI, NDWI, MNDWI, NDSI. Findings. Negative consequences of the impact of the coal mine “Ternivska” on the geological and ecological transformation of the Emerald network ecosystem “Samarskyi Lis – UA0000212” have been established. It has been proven that long-term underflooding and flooding of lands leads to a change in the species composition of the forest stand, the death of the understory and grass layer, and the complete destruction of the existing plant and animal communities. In flooded areas of oak forests and pine plantations, forest species die out and wetland plant species spread. Over three years (2020–2023), the area of visible and established flooding according to remote sensing data has increased from 1 to 6 hectares, respectively. Originality. Dynamics of the process of the land surface subsidence and protected area flooding has been established according to the data of open-source geoinformation systems and the comparison of various satellite data indexes (WRI, NDWI, MNDWI, NDSI). Gradual changes in the species composition of the forest stand, the death of the understory and the grass layer were revealed. It has been confirmed that long-term flooding leads to the complete destruction of existing plant and animal communities, the destruction of compound complexes of soil mesofauna makes development impossible for the terrestrial invertebrate species that lived in these biotopes before their destruction, including species from the Red List of Ukraine and protected by the Berne Convention. Practical value. In the conditions of limited access for conducting direct geodetic and engineering-geological studies, the methodology of using modern GIS by combining various spectral channels (indexes) is substantiated to determine and study the dynamics of the underflooding (flooding) process in the territory. In combination with traditional field geobotanical research, the results of monitoring observations of the coal mining activity and its impact on the geoecological transformation of the ecosystem of the Emerald Network object are presented for the first time in the region. The negative impact of mining activity on natural conservation areas, which leads to the death and gradual change in the species composition of plants, has been determined.

An Approach to Evaluating the Effectiveness of Systems for Countering Robotic Complexes at Important Facilities

The subject of the study is a scientific and methodological apparatus for evaluating the effectiveness of systems for countering robotic complexes. The object of research is a scientific and methodological apparatus for analyzing systems for countering robotic complexes at important facilities. The aim of the work is to develop a scientific and methodological apparatus for evaluating the effectiveness of systems for countering robotic complexes at important facilities in the direction of taking into account their structure, spatial configuration, as well as the synergetic effect of the joint use of heterogeneous technical means as part of the system. In order to achieve the research goal, the general logical-probabilistic modeling method and the tools of modern geoinformation systems are comprehensively applied in the work. The article proposes a new approach to evaluating the effectiveness of spatially distributed multi-bridge systems for countering robotic complexes. The results obtained can be used by interested organizations to evaluate the effectiveness of variants of such systems and identify their vulnerabilities. The scientific novelty consists in the development of an approach to assessing the effectiveness of spatially distributed multi-border systems for countering robotic complexes, taking into account their structure, spatial configuration, as well as the synergetic effect of the joint use of heterogeneous technical means of countering robotic complexes through the integrated use of new logical-probabilistic models and modern geoinformation technologies. The results obtained in the article indicate that the goal of the work has been achieved.

Geographic information system technologies in the study of deformation in rivers

The article examines the possibilities of assessing the changes and condition of the riverbed using remote sensing (RS) and geoinformation systems (GIS) technologies. Deformation processes observed in the last 25 years in the Sox stream bed selected as a research object were evaluated on the basis of modern geoinformation systems. The processes taking place in River were studied on the basis of satellite data. Landsat satellite generations were selected for analysis. To download the data, the official site of GloVis, which is widely used today, was used. The data was analyzed using the ArcMap software. The results of GIS analysis were compared with field experiments. In the last 20 years, the direction of the flow along the right bank has changed, the left bank sections are covered with silt particles, grass growth and washing processes are observed on the left bank. Over the past 5 years, 30 m of cultivated land has been washed away along the right bank between PK 3 and PK 4. These changes average 4-5 m per year. The deformation processes observed in the river are analyzed and conclusions are drawn.

Geoinformation technology for road surface planning and accounting

The market of modern geoinformation systems is experiencing an increase in innovation. The study of the state of geoinformation objects is interesting for improving the efficiency of regional management. Trends and innovations in the field of geoinformation systems of highways are shown in the article. The development of geoinformation technology for planning and accounting of the road surface is considered. Experimental studies have made it possible to analyze the display of roads on the map with different time characteristics and calculate the cost of road works.

THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONAL PURPOSE OF THE GEOINFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ADMINISTRATIVE AND ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT OF A REGIONAL AIRPORT

This article is devoted to the development of a conceptual model of the structure of the geoinformation system (GIS) for the administrative and economic management of regional airports, taking into account the requirements of world and national experience, international and national standards, modern technologies of geospatial data collection. The research is aimed at structuring all the facilities and objects of the airport complex and isolating components by location and function; development of a generalized scheme of directions for the use of administrative and business GIS at airports based on the analysis of world and domestic experience; establishing the need to use international and national standards of the “Geographic Information / Geomatics” series when creating an airport GIS; development of a generic scheme of the composition of the database of the Digital Single Topographic Base of the Airport, basic and profile geoinformation resources for the administrative and economic GIS; development of conceptual model of structure and functional purpose of GIS of administrative and economic management of the airport. The developed conceptual model reflects the main production processes and needs of airports, based on the database of the Digital Numeral Topographic Framework, is a complete and consistent model of the relationship between the administrative and economic needs of airports and the functionality of modern geoinformation systems for the efficient operation of objects, structures and facilities communications, analysis of the current state, monitoring and management decision-making.

Telecommunication of communication and control systems on unmanned aerial vehicles platforms

The review article discusses the possibility of using tethered high-altitude telecommunication platforms (VTPS) based on unmanned aerial vehicles (as tethered UAVs), which are also called – "tethered drones" Flying COWs (Cell on Wings). Their essence lies in the fact that sufficiently high electrical voltage is applied to a flexible metal cable from a ground-based mobile control point in order to solve the multidisciplinary VTP tasks for the local cellular coverage on a vast territory. These unmanned aerial systems with VTP and tethered UAVs, which retransmit signals in relation to a specific area as a part of the objects of modern geo information systems (GIS) covering particular regions, territories and hard-to-reach areas with a radio signal can find its fairly wide application in the near future, besides radio or optical communication of VTP can be used as a network of telecommunication channels for receiving/transmitting information.

Mapping of folds and faults in metamorphic complexes of the Central Aldan and Prikolyma terranes using geophysical data

The study of the structure of the Precambrian crystalline complexes raised and exposed along the margins of the North Asian craton allows us to characterize the geological features of various stages of the evolution of the lithosphere. Based on these data identification of the promising metallogenic zones and local potentially ore-bearing objects can also be achieved. The goal of the performed research was to create objective models of the areas characterized by the presence of mineral deposits to identify characteristics and promising structures. Using modern geoinformation systems, the maps of the high gradient zones of the local components of geophysical fields have been created. These maps reflect the boundaries of geological complexes with contrasting physical properties. For clarity, the geophysical background was removed from the maps, and only the zones of high gradients of various geophysical fields were left. A combination of maps was performed and it was found that high-gradient zones of the various geophysical fields complement each other along the strike. Based on the obtained geophysical schemes, geological maps and field observations of geological structures, already known and new folds and faults have been deciphered. As a result, models of folds and faults that control the location of mineral resources were created. Models allow finding the common features and evaluating the minerals prospects of areas. In the framing of the Upper-Timpton dome of the Central-Aldan superterrane and in the Shamanikhin fault zone of the Prikolyma terrane, there are many high-gradient zones of the various geophysical fields observed. New ore objects can be expected to be discovered in these areas.

Using a digital relief model for searching for primary sources of gold in metamorphic complexes of the Evota region (Aldan-Stanovoy shield, North-Asian craton)

Placers of precious metals and other mineral resources are associated with the uplifted basement of the North-Asian craton and metamorphic terrains near its borders. The complex geological structure of these territories does not allow to make obvious conclusions about the sources of the placers. One of the areas of the southern outcrop of the craton basement, the Evota gold-bearing region of the Aldan-Stanovoy shield was studied. Analysis of the morphology of native gold selected from creeks of the region and eluvium from one of the primary deposits show that grains with similar morphological features occur. Probably, not far from the points of sampling, primary sources are located. Possible erosion and sediment removal should occur in positive forms of relief. Therefore, an attempt to determine the location of primary sources by modeling positive forms of relief, where erosion occurs and removal could be manifested, was made. The methodology for modeling these forms using modern geoinformation systems was considered as an attempt to analyze the obtained results. Digitized relief maps (topographic base) of the area and sample points with discovered gold were a basis for the calculations. Further steps were: building a surface of relief as a regular network of highs, calculating directions and slope angle of the surface, building a map of removal vectors, constructing a path with a maximum slope upward from the point with gold particles discover. Lines of positive forms of relief confined to gold discover points were constructed as a result. Field works for identifying signs of gold content in these lines and point sampling of rock debris were carried out. Microprobe analyses of rock debris were performed. Minerals of gold and silver were discovered in the debris. The obtained data shows that this method of analysis can be useful for deciphering ore-bearing structures and searching for primary sources.

Identification of rock mass jointing parameters in geological models in modern geoinformation systems (in terms of Micromine)

Identification of rock mass jointing parameters in geological models in modern geoinformation systems (in terms of Micromine)

О методике идентификации сельских поселений с использованием имеющихся о них сведений в документах и на картографических материалах XVI–XIX вв. (на примере сёл Рузского уезда Московской губернии)

The research presented in this article is devoted to solving the problem of searching for information about rural in the materials of the 16th-19th centuries when performing historical, genealogical, local history and similar studies, which arise as a result of the instability in time of their names and changes in the places where information about them is stored. The study found that initially this problem (the problem of identification) was solved by specifying various features for rural in documents in addition to their names, and later — in addition to this, by drawing up drawings and plans depicting the mutual location of rural and surrounding terrain objects, however, the systematization of these features and methods of their use, suitable for use in the preparation of algorithms for the functioning of modern geoinformation systems has not been developed so far. We present in this article the work is done using information about the rural of Ruzsky district, Moscow province contained in the historical documents of 16th–19th centuries and a synthesis of their literature (Cadastre, Census, Metric, Boundary, Sentinel, Accountant, Income, Domashnih and Quitrent books, as well as in the Confessional statements), and on cartographic materials of the 17th–19th centuries (drawings, plans, maps and one diagram), on the basis of which criteria identification of rural and the methodology of its implementation. In the course of the work, the systematization of the factual material and its presentation in tabular form, suitable both for the purposes of the presented research, and for use by other specialists working in related fields of science and practice. The approbation of the proposed method, the evaluation of its effectiveness and the results obtained in the course of this work showed the possibility of applying the results of the presented work for practical use.

Peculiarities of using geoinformation systems in training оf future geography specialists in higher education institutions

The article analyzes the peculiarities of using geoinformation systems in the educational process in higher education institutions and substantiates the need to study them in the training of a bachelor of geography (specialty 106 Geography). The connection of geoinformation systems (GIS) with other disciplines has been established. The topics of pre-geoinformation disciplines mastering of which will help students to acquire GIS technology without hindrance are described. The market of modern GIS packages, the use of which will help future specialists in geography to acquire GIS technology is analyzed. The classification of software products (GIS package ArcGIS, MapInfo Professional, «Panorama 1») («Map 2011»), «Digitals», GeoDraw (Geograf), AutoCad Map 3D, SAGA GIS, GRASS GIS, ILWIS, MapWindow GIS), indicating functionality and tools of GIS packages is given. The possibilities of open programs are also presented; they can be used in the educational process (PhotoFiltre (mapping), XnView (viewing), Picasa (adding geotagging with which you can specify the capture area of any photo, using Google Earth and Google maps), Quantum GIS (can be used as the main platform for teaching students how to implement GIS and how to create the highest quality maps), Google Earth network services (electronic globe), ArcGIS Online (used to manage and share maps and geographic information), Golden SoftWare (Surfer) (universal mapping software that runs on Microsoft Windows and is used to quickly and accurately erase map surfaces and convert the provided data into contour, relief or post maps, three-dimensional surfaces, 3D frames or vector graphics). The main models of data presentation, due to which the work of GIS can be realized, are considered. The main advantages and disadvantages of using these models are indicated. The main competencies that future geographers should acquire during the study of the discipline «Geographic Information Systems and Databases» are identified, which will give foundations for the formation of a sufficient level of a competitive geography specialist.

Land Use and Land Cover Mapping of Davangere using Google Earth Engine

Ever since the advent of modern geo information systems, tracking environmental changes due to natural and/or manmade causes with the aid of remote sensing applications has been an indispensable tool in numerous fields of geography, most of the earth science disciplines, defence, intelligence, commerce, economics and administrative planning. One among these applications is the construction of land use and land cover maps through image classification process. Land Use / Land Cover (LULC) information is a crucial input in designing efficient strategies for managing natural resources and monitoring environmental changes from time to time. The present study aims to know the extent of land cover and its usage in Davangere region of Karnataka, India. In this study, satellite image of Davangere during October-November 2018 was used for LULC supervised classification with the help of remote sensing tools like QGIS and Google Earth Engine. Six LULC classes were decided to locate on the map and the accuracy assessment was done using theoretical error matrix and Kappa coefficient. The key findings include LULC under Water bodies (8%), Built up Area (15.1%), Vegetation (9%), Horticulture (20.8%), Agriculture (39.3%) and Others (7%) with overall accuracy of 94.8% and Kappa coefficient of 0.866 indicating almost accurate goodness of classification.

Mechanism of Increasing the Sustainability of Socio-economic Development of Regions with Using GIS-technologies

The purpose of the work is to develop a mechanism for increasing the socio-economic development sustainability of the region based on the application of modern GIS technologies. The subject of this work is the organizational and economic relations that arise in the process of constructing a geoinformation system for modeling the spatial development of territories. This system is aimed at achieving sustainable economic growth in the region. The methods of empirical research (observation, comparison, collection and study of information), methods of current and prospective analysis and theoretical and practical material synthesis were used in the work. The article analyzes the available publications on the issues of regional sustainable development, which allowed to conclude of necessity to introduce modern geoinformation systems for the operational collection, processing and analysis of primary information on indicators of socio-economic development of the territories. The developed mechanism for increasing the sustainability of the socio-economic development of the region using geo-information systems includes three conceptual blocks: creation and functioning of a regional GIS-center with constant fi of databases and updating of operating systems; geoinformation system of macroeconomic and spatial territory development data analysis; modeling of regional development taking into account individual features of the territory and targets for sustainable socio-economic development. This mechanism is designed to increase the stability of the socio-economic development of the region, by taking into consideration the balance of interests of the state, business and society. This will ensure a non-decreasing rate of opportunity growth to meet the needs of present and future generations who live in the given territory and the preservation of the environment. The proposed mechanism for increasing the stability of spatial development of regions on the basis of geoinfrational technologies is a tool for improving the management system in the framework of implementing the state and regional economic policy of spatial development of Russia. The use of geoinformation systems in the development of measures to increase the sustainable socio-economic development of the region contributes to improving the quality of the complex system state analysis. It contributes to the solution of practical problems in allocating resources or analyzing the effectiveness of their deployment. It also contributes to the implementation of the strategic planning principles using digital technologies and to ensure the timeliness of the decisions made in the field under investigation.

Remote cartographic assessment of the erosion condition of agrolandscapes

The article provides an assessment methodology of the erosion condition of agricultural landscapes based on remote sensing data. The methodology is based on a multi-parametric cartographic analysis with the use of geoinformation technologies. Currently, only a cartographic image can give a holistic view of the landscape erosion and the processes occurring in them, and resorting to the modern geoinformation systems (GIS) for its obtaining and analysis is becoming a compulsory requirement of our time. The practical use of modern GIS technology in agroforestry practice allows automating the process of working with aero and space images and cartographic materials drawing up, which fully characterize the object of study. Remote cartographic studies have shown that the agricultural landscapes of the Dono-Chirskiy interfluve area need optimizing in land use and integrated agroforestry arrangement.

Математичне моделювання геометрії місцевості

В роботі наведено методику побудови тривимірних моделей місцевості, яка застосовується для вирішення задач із побудови тактичних діаграм захищеності бойових машин легкої категорії ваги (БМ ЛКВ). Під час створеня математичних моделей місцевості запропоновано використовувати в якості вхідних даних інформацію супутника LIDAR (від англ. Light Identification, Detection and Ranging). На відміну від сучасних ГІС (геоінформаційних систем), де використовуються дані переважно у растрових чи векторних форматах, описана полігональна тривимірна модель місцевості дозволяє вирішувати задачі із розміщення моделі бойової машини на змодельованій поверхні місцевості. Таким чином розміщена модель БМ ЛКВ на тривимірній місцевості змінює орієнтацію у просторі, що впливає на розміри діаграми захищеності. Розроблена методика моделювання місцевості та отримані на її основі математичні моделі призначені для вирішення задач із побудови тактичних діаграм захищеності БМ ЛКВ та можуть застосовуватись як вироби подвійного призначення. Подальша робота з розвитку методики направлена на розширення бази даних та може застосовуватись для розв’язання задач природокористування, агрономії та лісництва. Ключові слова: математична модель місцевості, тривимірна модель місцевості, ландшафт, бойові машини легкої категорії ваги, захищеність, тактичні діаграми, ГІС, супутникові дані

HYPER-SPECTRAL SHOOTING IN TERRITORY MANAGEMENT

The following is investigated — basics physics of hyperspectral mapping (HSM) and the tasks that are being solved with their help. The efficiency of majority prioritized projects fulfilment in tasks of territory management is usually increasing when there is an implementation of modern geo-information systems, which are founded on getting the information from space. Behind the classification of object’s on aerospace pictures there are differences in their optic-spectral characteristics — spectral signatures. The more these objects differ from each other, and also from background surface (background), the easier it is possible to find them and the more precise is the result of classification. In order to differentiate the objects of different classes one should have details information about their spectral signatures, what is actually provided by HSM. Hyper-spectral data might be used both together with information about topology of inspected(observed) objects and separately. Essential growth of possibility to get useful information about target objects when using HSM is based on spectral differences of target objects and backgrounds. But the realization (implementation) of this approach is a serious problem predetermined by requirement to process huge scope of iconic (image) information (tens and hundreds of gigabytes) practically in real time scale. Modern hyper-spectrometers allow to get highly detailed spatial and spectral information about type and condition of natural and anthropogenic objects of Earth surface, and also about different dynamic processes that are happening on it, e.g. fires, droughts, etc.

Геоинформационные системы в сфере ведения кадастра недвижимости Республики Армения

Abstract: The article presents the application of modern geoinformation systems in State Committee of real estate cadaster to the government of the Republic of Armenia. The information system provides the opportunity of efficient, transparent recording and automation of the cadastre management procedures

Пространственное изучение сетевого взаимодействия в регионе Вислинского залива с использованием геоинформационных систем

Network cooperation — the most efficient form of unlocking the economic and natural potential of territories — is rapidly developing in Russia under the influence of global processes. Due to its unique geopolitical position, the Kaliningrad region is one of the regions where such networks develop at both the regional and international levels. When studying such forms of cooperation, the traditional methods of social sciences as research tools are not sufficient, which is explained by the dynamic nature of network cooperation as well as the fact that it involves a significant number of independent agents. We believe that one of the important tools of research on network cooperation is regional integral geoinformation systems (GIS). Modern GIS are successfully used in related fields, such as environmental and climate studies, geology, urban studies, and serve as rather efficient tools of analysing spatial objects and phenomena. One of such systems has been developed and is successfully functioning at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, which makes it possible to use it in studying network cooperation in the framework of cross-border development with the involvement of Kaliningrad municipalities. The key objective set by the authors of the article is to justify the need for studying the emerging network cooperation with the help of both traditional methods of geography and modern GIS; a specific case is made of the cross-border Vistula lagoon region — the one that brings together Russian and Polish municipalities. The authors provide with the background for the search of possible development strategies in the region, and note that the creation of a regional GIS structure can become a necessary component of the region’s information and communication structure; this conclusion can be considered the key result of the research conducted. The practical significance of the article lies in justifying the use of modern geoinformation systems as a tool of territory development as well as for the purpose of making efficient managerial decisions at different levels.

A spatial study of networking in the Vistula Lagoon region using geoinformation systems

29 Network cooperation — the most efficient form of unlocking the economic and natural potential of territories — is rapidly developing in Russia under the influence of global processes. Due to its unique geopolitical position, the Kaliningrad region is one of the regions where such networks develop at both the regional and international levels. When studying such forms of cooperation, the traditional methods of social sciences as research tools are not sufficient. It can be explained by the dynamic nature of network cooperation as well as by the fact that it involves a significant number of independent agents. We believe that one of the important tools of research on network cooperation is regional integral geoinformation systems (GIS). Modern GIS are successfully used in related fields, such as environmental and climate studies, geology, urban studies, and serve as rather efficient tools of analysing spatial objects and phenomena. One of such systems has been developed and is successfully functioning at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, which makes it possible to use it in studying network cooperation in the framework of crossborder development with the involvement of Kaliningrad municipalities. The key objective set by the authors of the article is to justify the need for studying the emerging network cooperation with the help of both traditional methods of geography and modern GIS; a specific case is made of the crossborder Vistula lagoon region — the one that brings together Russian and Polish municipalities. The authors provide with the background for the search of possible development strategies in the region, and note that the creation of a regional GIS structure can become a necessary component of the region’s information and communication structure; this conclusion can be considered the key result of the research conducted. The practical significance of the article lies in justifying the use of modern geoinformation systems as a tool of territory development as well as for the purpose of making efficient managerial decisions at different levels.