Modern European Architecture Research Articles

Range of Types of Local Element Synthesis Forms and Non-Local on Villa Isola Building in Bandung City

The Indis architecture of the 1920s to 1940s in Indonesia was a phenomenon of the formation of Dutch colonial buildings with high architectural value that still survive today. The shape results from combining modern European architecture with Indonesian vernacular architecture. The research uses a range theory approach to the type of architectural synthesis forms, architectural synthesis theory, local and non-local elements theory, architectural synthesis form theory, archetypes theory, and typology theory. The research methodology is carried out with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative approach is descriptive and interpretative research, where the data is more concerned with interpreting local and non-local architectural elements in the object of study. The quantitative approach is confirmatory to prove it under the research objectives. The results of the study are expected to provide an understanding of the range of types of synthesis forms of local and non-local elements; aspects that affect the range of types of synthesis forms; form, form, and type of architectural synthesis; the range type model of the architectural form on Indis architecture building.

Nordic Memories of the East. Tetsuro Yoshida and the myth of traditional Japanese house in Erik Gunnar Asplund, Aino Aalto and Alvar Aalto

Traditional Japanese architecture played an important role in the development of modern European architecture, especially from the beginning of the 20th century. Based on this extensively documented thesis, the influence of Japanese culture and the traditional Japanese house on the figures of Erik Gunnar Asplund, Aino Aalto and Alvar Aalto, especially during the 1930s, is analysed. The study describes how these authors found inspiration in the East, as well as their contacts and sources of reference. Finally, it explains the extent to which they reinterpreted Japanese aesthetics in their designs, especially analysing the case of the Villa Mairea winter garden. In this context, the research points to the decisive role played by the figure of Tetsuro Yoshida and his text Das japanische Wohnhaus (1935) for the interests and designs of these Nordic authors.

Thomas Jefferson, Architect: Palladian Models, Democratic Principles, and the Conflict of Ideals

Thomas Jefferson, Architect: Palladian Models, Democratic Principles, and the Conflict of Ideals

In Search of a Cultural Background

The modernist architect and critic, Alfred Lawrence Kocher, proposed and commented on many bibliographical references in the Architectural Record in the years 1924-25. Recent studies on American architecture of the 1920s and 1930s have recognized the peculiar character of modernism in the United States and have gone in search of its cultural and social roots. However, Kocher’s extensive lists have so far been completely overlooked. They were based for the most part on the correspondence he exchanged with a number of American and British architects and George Bernard Shaw: he had sent to them a circular letter, asking for recommendations on texts on background literature that a young architect should know. The unpublished correspondence that Kocher had with Louis Sullivan and the 19 texts on “Aesthetics and Theory of Architecture” are analyzed in particular by the author.
 Although from 1927 onwards Kocher became a passionate supporter of European rationalist architecture, his bibliographies cannot be considered a conscious foundational literature on modernism and modernity. They rather give an idea of the ‘cultural trunk’ on which the discussion on modern European architecture was going to be grafted; they help to illuminate the scene on which American architects moved in the mid-1920s. In some of the texts, the pragmatic notion of utility shines through, as ? sometimes connectedly ? does the concept of a creative act as a free, ‘natural’ act, which derived from American transcendentalism. Independent from Kocher’s will, a line of thought is even identifiable, through which one can explain the apparently contradictory combination of ‘maximum of utility’ and ‘maximum of free creativity’, openly advocated by the skyscraper architect Raymond Hood at the end of the 1920s. Such way of thinking was based on the recognition of the beauty of utility.

Imágenes desarraigadas Fotografía y arquitectura moderna en Brasil en los años treinta

Imágenes desarraigadas<br />Fotografía y arquitectura moderna<br />en Brasil en los años treinta

Redesign Educational spaces identity and existing city relationship

The task of this paper is to describe the relationship between the architectural buildings plan, addressed to educational spaces, and the context where the same ones are located. Specific attention is made to the analysis of relationship of continuity established between the inner and outer space. The intention is to go through some examples of architectures where the students are the final users, realized in the Centre and North of Italy during the second half of 20th Century, which might be internationally less well known but appear not less interesting. The goal is to investigate the willing of their creators in innovating the Italian architectural language, called to measure itself with the Modern European Architecture experimentations, but that doesn’t interrupt the connections with the history and the identity of its own places. In defining the relationship that the spaces of architecture establish with the territory and their power of social renewal, educational structures play a key role as a place of exchange and connection with the neighbourhood and with the city where school life and the life of society are called and interfaced with a sharing process that contributes to the conscious development of individuals. Keywords : Architecture, educational structures, development

STRUKUTUR MASYARAKAT PERKEBUNAN ABAD XIX-XX DI EMPLASEMEN LEMAHNEUNDEUT, PERKEBUNAN BATULAWANG

Emplacement settlement of Batulawang Plantation in Afdeeling Lemahneundeut give an idea of the structure of the plantation community in 19th-20th century in Ciamis, West Java. It is reflected from the colonial building housing estates on the emplacement, via forms and architecture the layout of the building, and a spatial residence. By analyzing the morphological, stylistic and technology formed social classification into 3 groups/ classes: the upper class, middle class, and lower class. Upper class estates occupied by high officials/administrators, consists of a large house with modern European architecture (Transition Architecture), located on higher land and has plenty of room. The middle class is the head of the plant and the head of the department, occupies the house which is slightly smaller than the upper class, but much larger than the lower class homes (supervisor and worker/ labor). Supervisor consists of Head Supervisor, Afdeeling Secretary, and Mandor, occupying a bigger house than the house of worker/ labor. Meanwhile, labor are divided into factory labor and farm labor, and subdivided into permanent labor, temporary labor, and seasonal labor. Each one is different in terms of labor' wages, status and acceptance of the company's facilities.

Migration Currents and Building Practice Exchanges in the Portuguese Diaspora: From the Algarve to South America and Back

This paper highlights the significance of essential shifts in the social history of the Algarve, in the south of Portugal—namely through currents of migration from specific areas of the region—for our understanding of its built fabric, its traditions and modernisation processes. Traces of parallel developments in “vernacular” building custom in the Algarve and (postcolonial) Brazil during the 1870s, of Algarvian civil engineers building skyscrapers in São Paulo and commissioning modern architecture in Faro (Algarve) in the 1950s, and of Algarvian migrants prospering in Venezuela and becoming developers supporting modernism back home in the 1960s signal the impact of transcontinental migration flows, from Portugal to South America and back, on the creation of a constellation of building practices. Understanding these practices prompts us to push the boundaries of the history of modern European architecture to encompass the agency of non-architect migrants and their many roles. As designers, builders, dwellers and clients, who in some instances influenced the work of key architects while remaining marginal to the historical account of the profession, they were often the conduit of architectural changes that shaped the built environment.

Migration Currents and Building Practice Exchanges in the Portuguese Diaspora: From the Algarve to South America and Back

This paper highlights the significance of essential shifts in the social history of the Algarve, in the south of Portugal—namely through currents of migration from specific areas of the region—for our understanding of its built fabric, its traditions and modernisation processes. Traces of parallel developments in “vernacular” building custom in the Algarve and (postcolonial) Brazil during the 1870s, of Algarvian civil engineers building skyscrapers in São Paulo and commissioning modern architecture in Faro (Algarve) in the 1950s, and of Algarvian migrants prospering in Venezuela and becoming developers supporting modernism back home in the 1960s signal the impact of transcontinental migration flows, from Portugal to South America and back, on the creation of a constellation of building practices. Understanding these practices prompts us to push the boundaries of the history of modern European architecture to encompass the agency of non-architect migrants and their many roles. As designers, builders, dwellers and clients, who in some instances influenced the work of key architects while remaining marginal to the historical account of the profession, they were often the conduit of architectural changes that shaped the built environment.

The Formation of a“Royal City”in Colonial India

It has been said there are three general types of backward capital countries: staggered structure types, types lacking a national economy, and colonial types. This paper will take up India as a case study of the colonial type of country and will examine the process of change in an Indian city structure during the formation of the capitalist system. The research up until now of cities in colonial India has strongly emphasized the colonial aspect of the city. It has examined the relationship between British rule policy and the formation of the city.However, such research has insufficiently considered the character of British rule policy, and the historical and regional characteristics peculiar to colonial India. It has more specifically ignored the British policy of“divide and rule”, which led to differences between British India and the Indian States. It has also overlooked historical and regional differences, in particular, the differences between northern and southern India.With these above factors in mind, this paper will focus on Mysore, the capital of an Indian State controlled by a Hindu royal family. It will also examine the differences in the characteristics of the colonial city in general, as compared to Mysore, a somewhat different“royal city”.The conclusions of this paper are as follows:1) As for the process of change in the city structure, one can see four periods in reaction to the changing fortunes of the royal family: a) Pre-restoration (-1799), b) Post-restoration (1800-1831), c) Rule by British commissioners (1831-1881), and finally d) Post-rendition (1881-1947). The Post-rendition period can furthermore be divided into two subperiods, the Pre-CITB (City Improvement Trust Board) establishment (1881-1903), and the Post-CITB establishment (1903-1947).2) In Mysore, there was no residential segregation based on race. In the more typical colonial city of Calcutta, the inferior living conditions of the Indian residential district were a problem, but in Mysore city planning was not implemented throughout the entire city region. Remarkably, there was no problem of racial segregation. However, even in Mysore, indirect British influence at the local level created a kind of segregation. For example, the British arranged for the preservation of open spaces in the eastern part of the city for the aesthetic pleasure of an important British official. The effect of this resembled segregation in that this eastern area was populated mainly by the British, but still segregation on the scale of that in Calucutta did not exist in Mysore.3) The development of Mysore occurred in a mutual and synergistic fashion with the nearby city of Bangalore. Mysore developed as a royal city, a tourist city, and as a cultural city. Bangalore developed as a colonial city, an industrial city, and as an administrative city. Thus, the functions of each city assisted in the development of the other.4) The meaning of“tradition”in Mysore is unique. In otherwords, because many of the historical buildings in Mysore were constructed at the begining of this century, they do not possess a tradition in the sense that the buildings are old. Instead, these buildings have a so-called“traditional”atmosphere in the sense that they represent a mixture of Hindu ideals and modern European architecture. This building style was ordered by the Hindu princes in an effort to synthesize Hindu values with modern European ideas.

The Symbolic Essence of Modern European Architecture of the Twenties and Its Continuing Influence

Research Article| October 01 1963 The Symbolic Essence of Modern European Architecture of the Twenties and Its Continuing Influence William H. Jordy William H. Jordy Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (1963) 22 (3): 177–187. https://doi.org/10.2307/988229 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation William H. Jordy; The Symbolic Essence of Modern European Architecture of the Twenties and Its Continuing Influence. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 1 October 1963; 22 (3): 177–187. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/988229 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1963 The Society of Architectural Historians Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.