Modern Dialects Research Articles

ДИСКУРСИВНЫЙ СЛОВАРЬ ДИАЛЕКТНОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ НОВЕЙШЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ РУНЕТА): ИННОВАЦИОННЫЙ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОЕКТ

ДИСКУРСИВНЫЙ СЛОВАРЬ ДИАЛЕКТНОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ НОВЕЙШЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ РУНЕТА): ИННОВАЦИОННЫЙ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОЕКТ

THE HISTORICAL TRACES OF ANCIENT SUMERIAN LANGUAGE IN DIALECT LEXIS OF AZERBAIJAN AND TURKISH LANGUAGE


 
 
 
 National affiliation of ancient Sumerian language is one of problematic problems create serious conflict in the world linguistics. These are the serious fact putan end to conflicts modern Turkic languages ancient Sumerian and dialect of the comparative investigation. The historical dialectological facts is shows being specific place all-Turkish languages and dialects between the dialects of Nakhchivan and Eastern Anatoly. The efficient situation in the dialects modern Nakhchivan and Eastren Anatolyan dialects is one of defining basic factors of the ancient Sumerian language Orhon inscriptions, eposes of the "Kitabi Dede Korkut", in the İbn Muhenna dictionary, in the "Oğuzname", in the work "Divany lugat-it Türk", of the Turkish folk-lore, the century XIX of the literary works and modern Turk dialects classic until words developed is one of defining basic factors position the between all-Turkish dialect and dialects of the Nakhchivan and Eastren Anadolyan dialects. The comparison Sumerian language of the Nakhchivan and Eastern Anatolyan dialects is being affirms of the dictionaries prepared on the basis of the ancient Turkish language.The phonetic, lexical facts be reflected of the ancient Sumerian language in the works Sturtevantin "A Hittite Glossory ve Suppelment to a Hittite Glossary" and the work “The historical connection of the Sumer and Turkic languages by about age of the Turkish” Osman Nedim Tunaʼs, “The Sumerian language is decisively the Turkish” and the work A.Caliloğluʼs to work according to with elucidating passed up to this day and the comparison Nakhcivan and Anatolyan dialects affirms being the most ancient language of the Turkish. Many words in the ancient Sumerian language involves for the attention by the same phonetic composition and semantic meaning adjoining by dialects of Nakhchivan and Anatoly dialects by words in the language of the other ancient Turk monuments: yağı, yu, kul, yığın, yig, çağa, çak, köğüs, gid, fani, yogun, qalın, tügün, bağlam, çin, doğru, eke, üz, kəsmək, süz, tuş, öl, teηri, taη, neη, isig, azuk, sürüg, asgu, kapkacak, kaç, kuru, neme, korı, toku, togıra, dengüş, zevzek, dingilde, cengel, qaqa//qağa, gim, kalıη, ku, öbür and other. The interesting side like is involves for the attention in Sumerian language for instance, kıdık//kidik qidiyh koduk, kuzu, köşək, küçük of the animal names develop in the Nakhchivan and Anatoly dialects.
 
 
 

Wortsprachliche Merkmale im Alemannischen

This paper examines the strategies for profiling the phonological word in Alemannic, applying the typology of syllable and word languages. The diagnostic criteria selected for assessing the relevance of the phonological word include syllable structure, phonotactic restrictions, and word-profiling processes. Following on from previous synchronic and diachronic analyses (Nübling/Schrambke 2004; Szczepaniak 2007), I will provide a detailed account of the phonological word in Old Alemannic and in modern Alemannic dialects, which include Upper-Rhine Alemannic, Swabian, and South Alemannic. It will be shown that the relevance of the phonological word gradually increased in Alemannic, as can be gleaned from processes such as unstressed vowel reduction, unstressed vowel deletion, and consonant epenthesis. While vowel reduction created strong asymmetries between stressed and unstressed syllables, unstressed vowel deletion and consonant epenthesis increased syllable complexity at word and morpheme boundaries. In addition, Swabian was found to contain more word-related features than Upper-Rhine Alemannic and South Alemannic. Thus, the typology of syllable and word languages contributes to a better understanding of language variation and change in Alemannic.

Khaṣā’iṣ al-Mustawá al-Ṣarfī li-Lahjat al-‘Arabīyah al-Nījīrīyah

The Arab tribes locally known as Shuwa Arabs represent a segment of Nigerian society. They came from the Arabian Peninsula for varied aims. And they spoke an Arabic dialect which conforms or differs from other ancient or modern Arabic dialects in many traits which they inherit from their forefathers, which shows that they preserve their Arabic Identity. Although this dialect is strictly following Arabic morphology. But at times they have their unique morphology perhaps it can be traced to some ancient Arabic dialects. Morphology has gained great importance because it helps to understand the meaning of phrases and words through usage. To fathom this fact in the Nigerian Arabic dialects, the researcher tries to tackle this topic by studying the morphological issues which may help to reach what he wants.

Arabic Phonology

The phenomenon seen in domains more than one is termed as Language Hybridization. Many languages have multiple dialects that tend to differ in the phonology concept. The Arabic language that is spoken in contemporary time can be more properly described as varieties having a continuum. The modern and standard Arabic language consists of twenty eight consonant phonemes along with six phonemes that might also be eight vowel in most of the modern dialects. Every phonemes have a contrast between non-emphatic consonants and uvularized or emphatic consonants. Few of the phonemes have also found to get coalesced into various other modern dialects whereas on the other hand, the new phonemes have already been introduced via phonemic splits or borrowing. The phonemic length and quality that applies to both consonants and vowels at the same time. There have been research that analyses how multicultural society in Australia gets operated only with a particular form of language generated in some linguistic environments. The scripts of English Language tend to have the capability of merging with other language that are native of a place for making it a complete new variety. The process is termed as Romanization. The hybrid or amalgamation of languages within the linguistic framework can be classified and characterized that makes its standardization easy. This paper aims to do a complete research on the linguistics of Arabic phonology.

A New Perspective on the Syriac Hwayt Qāṭēl in a Non-Past Context

Abstract This article presents a new perspective on the meaning and function of the Syriac construction hwayt qāṭēl used with a non-past reference. Beginning with the traditional method of cross-linguistic comparison, the author contextualizes the construction in question within a pragmatic- cognitive framework of general linguistics, an approach that has so far been largely overlooked in Syriac studies. The language used here for comparison is the literary Christian of Urmi, a modern dialect of Aramaic, whose verbal system presents itself as a valid typological parallel for Syriac. Thus, through analysing the renditions of hwayt qāṭēl in Christian Urmi Neo-Aramaic within the corpus of the New Testament, the semantics and function of the Syriac hwayt qāṭēl receive precise characteristics, followed by an attempt to explain the use of the past tense form hwayt (perfect) for the present-future reference. An additional brief treatment of other command-related forms in Syriac, such as the imperative and imperative-derived constructions, contributes further, more detailed observations on the Syriac verbal system.

Dialectics of tradition and modernity in private spaces: the ordeal of girl child abuse in modern India

A growing body of literature has begun to furnish information on the prevalence of child abuse in India. The irony is that the perpetrator is often well known to the child and often intra-familial. Though in some situations, it is beyond their control but many times the family fails to protect the child from sexual abuse. The cultural tradition of the family being a “private space” provides little scope for intercession of public into critiquing its members. Furthermore, severe barriers of culture, traditional practices and social stigma attached in the society make it difficult to speak about the incidences of child abuse in public. The globalization process with modern technology has had it both positive and negative effects. Though it has opened new spaces for gender equality, it also encourages commodification of the bodies. The present paper is based on empirical data collected from one hundred respondents with four in-depth case studies of college girls studying in undergraduate and postgraduate programs of the selected colleges of Lucknow city. It attempts to reflect on the incidents of child abuse through narratives on the complex situation and the processes through which the victim, the family members and the civil society at large deals with.

Mediação: categoria lógica, ontológica, epistemológica e metodológica

La categoría mediación se consolidó en el marco teórico de la Ciencia de la Información como un importante operador conceptual. Con significados distintos, su empleo es hecho por distintas corrientes teóricas y epistemológicas, como modo de pensar las diversas dinámicas que involucran la producción, la organización, el flujo, la comunicación, la apropiación, la circulación, la transferencia, los dispositivos, los registros, los usos, los usuarios y los regímenes de información en diferentes contextos. Se sabe que este constructo polisémico, que ha migrado a diversos campos del conocimiento, está presente en la Filosofía, por lo menos, desde la Antigüedad Clásica, habiendo sido desarrollado por la dialéctica moderna, que lo tiene como importante categoría de su sistema. El articulo parte de la génesis histórica del concepto de mediación y explora algunos de sus significados dialécticos, demarcando que la mediación es categoría fundamentalmente lógica, ontológica, epistemológica y metodológica.

David Roberts: Images of aesthetic modernity

David Roberts has always had a keen, sharp and even mischievous eye for paradox, for pointing to what used to be termed in Hegelianese, ‘contradictions’ or ‘dialectics’ of modern society and its forms. Roberts’ keen eye has focused on the paradoxes (rather than negative dialectics) of aesthetic modernity and the forms that these paradoxes have taken within the historical time consciousness and self-understanding of modernity. This paper will suggest – although only sketchily and in outline – that Roberts’ keen eye notices and reconstructs three paradoxical models or forms of aesthetic modernity: 1. The total work of art of aesthetic modernism; 2. the contemporary postmodern plurality of the present which is captured as musealization; 3. interpretation, play and humour as the open acceptance of the contingency and paradoxes of the present.

The Proto-Tibetan clusters sL- and sR-and the periodisation of Old Tibetan

Author(s): Bialek, Joanna | Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to propose the first tentative periodisation of the Old Tibetan (OT) language based on a group of related sound changes. As it occurs, at the time of the script invention in the 630s, Early Old Tibetan (EOT) must have had four onset clusters /s/+liquid: zr-, sr-, zl-, and sl-. However, in Old Tibetan as well as in Classical Tibetan (CT) we only find sr-, zl-, and sl-, whereas neither of them is attested in modern spoken varieties of Tibetan. In order to find out what has happened to the EOT zr-, I have traced reflexes of CT sr-, zl-, and sl- in modern dialects. Since changes that have occurred with respect to zl- and sl- parallel each other, I postulate that the same analogy can be applied to sr- to determine in what direction the EOT onset zr- might have evolved. Having reconstructed the development of the onsets in the most conservative dialects of Western Archaic Tibetan (WAT) and Amdo Tibetan (AT), I juxtapose these findings with historical facts that can help us to explain modern distribution of Tibetan dialects. Historical events recorded in OT documents combined with our knowledge of other early sound changes in Old Tibetan constitute a time frame for dating the reconstructed changes and thereby allow us to establish the first tentative linguistic periodisation of Old Tibetan.

From Etymology to Diachrony. The Semantics of ḫwj ‘to protect’ in Old Egyptian and Bedouin Arabic

This word study sets out to exemplify the aims and methods of a comparative linguistic approach to the prehistory of the Arabic language conducted against an Afroasiatic backdrop. Drawing on the lexical corpus of the modern Arabic vernaculars, it explores phonological and semantic correlations linking Old Egyptian ḫwj ‘to protect’ attested in the Pyramid texts from the 3rd millennium BC to its proposed Arabic cognates in modern Bedouin vernaculars. The database and commentary adduced in this essay proffer further support for the scenario presented in Borg (2019) arguing for symbiotic interaction between Ancient Egyptian and the Old Arabic phenotype that yielded the modern dialects of this Semitic world language.

The development of the Classical Armenian aorist in modern dialects

The development of the Classical Armenian aorist in modern dialects

Victoria Pitts-Taylor. The Brain’s Body: Neuroscience and Corporeal PoliticsTobias Rees. Plastic Reason: An Anthropology of Brain Science in Embryogenetic TermsFernando Vidal and Francisco Ortega. Being Brains: Making the Cerebral Subject

What do we want our brains to be? This question forms the central contemplation of these books. It also forms the nexus of a crisis in neuro culture – a social movement that ascribes with unrelenting scientism fundamental human characteristics, practices, and histories as solely derived of brain states and processes. The books jointly under review here offer an answer: For philosopher Victoria Pitts-Taylor our brains naturalize human differences. Her construction of the brain invites us towards new theories of governance grounded in the truths of a brain science. For anthropologist Tobias Rees the brain emerges as an historical artefact located in scientific struggles where doubt challenges dogma and science abhors orthodoxy. For historians Fernando Vidal and Francisco Ortega, meanwhile, ‘what do we want our brains to be’ is even called into question. They answer irreverently that probably none of us should want our brains to be anything. All of these authors contend with history; all contribute to critical theory. They have read each other. They appear to have poured over the same source material. They expect much from their readers – confidence with all matters of neuroscience, familiarity with the theoretical background of the human sciences, and an awareness that the brain occupies a special place in the dialectics of modernity. The authors lean against their own inclinations. Rees tries to be objective, but he is rapidly seduced by his twin subjects: the enigmatic Parisian scientist Alain Prochiantz and then the problem of knowledge itself. Pitts-Taylor is for pragmatic certainty; the brain’s plasticity becomes her theodicy. But then she falls on occasion into a closeted determinism. Vidal and Ortega position themselves as unrelenting, trenchant critics of neuro culture. But they cannot help but end up making neuroscience and brain talk fascinating.

Philosophy of Ecological Crisis and two Forms of Modern Dialectics

espanolEl rapido desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnologia da como resultado un cambio de estilo en la vida humana. El objetivo principal del trabajo es estudiar la filosofia de la crisis ecologica y las formas de la dialectica moderna. La idea de intersubjetividad funcionara como nuestra base metodologica. La continuacion de las ideas de Hegel y de los ensayos de los existencialistas se relaciona con el procesamiento dialectico del pensamiento y de la tecnologia. Los autores senalan que la crisis ecologica moderna esta relacionada con la destruccion del libre pensamiento. Para entender las causas detras de la crisis ecologica, es necesario distinguir entre la filosofia de la naturaleza y la ensenanza de la naturaleza trascendental. EnglishThe rapid development of science and technology results in a change of human lifestyle. The main purpose of the work is to study the philosophy of ecological crisis and the forms of modern dialectics. The idea of intersubjectivity will function as our methodological basis. Continuation of Hegel’s ideas and essays of existentialists are related to dialectical processing of thought and technology. The authors note that the modern ecological crisis is connected to the destruction of free thinking. In order to understand the causes behind ecological crisis, it is necessary to distinguish between the philosophy of nature and transcendental nature-teaching.

Топонимы как маркеры диалектов и говоров тувинского языка

В работе предлагается топонимы рассматривать как маркеры диалектов и говоров тувинского языка, что является новым взглядом на топонимию Тувы.Тувинский язык территориально делится на следующие диалекты и говоры: центральный диалект с дзун-хемчикским, эрзинско-тес-хемским, улуг-хемским, овюрским и тандынским говорами; западный диалект с бай-тайгинско-барун-хемчикским, монгун-тайгинским, кара-хольским говорами; тере-хольский, тоджинский, цагаан-нурский диалекты; алтайский диалект с кобдоским, цэнгэльским, китайским говорами. Современные диалектные черты тувинского языка являются результатом как междиалектных, так и межъязыковых связей, развитием собственных ресурсов.Топонимия Тувы в целом отражает состояние языковых контактов: центральный и западный диалекты с его говорами занимает обширную территорию современной Тувы, где в основном фиксируется общетюркская, собственно тувинская по происхождению топонимы, они прозрачны в своей этимологии. Редкие монголизмы-топонимы, встречающиеся на территории распространения центрального и западного диалектов отражают исторически сложившиеся тюрко-монгольские языковые связи. Более плотно расположены микротопонимы монгольского происхождения на юго-восточной территории Тувы, в особенности ареалы распространения эрзин-тес-хемского говора и тере-хольского диалекта. Территория распространения тоджинского диалекта отличается от других территорий сложными топонимами с древнетюркскими компонентами, не встречающимися на других территориях распространения тувинского языка, топонимами, отражающими богатство флоры и фауны таёжной тайги.Эндемик-аппелятив хем объединяет воедино те территории Монголии и Китая, где издревле живут этнические тувинцы — носители цэнгэльского и китайского говоров; а также приграничные с Тувой территории Горного Алтая, где ассимилировали некогда тувиноязычные родоплеменные группы. На территориях распространения зарубежных диалектов топонимия отличается параллельными тувинско-казахскими, тувинско-монгольскими названиями одного и того же объекта; тувинско-русскими параллельными названиями характеризуются территории центрального диалекта, где с начала ХХ века стали селиться староверы.

Splitting/Violating the “New Indian Woman” in Shashi Deshpande’s The Dark Holds No Terrors (1980)

Abstract The dialectics of tradition and modernity in the South Asian context often focus on the female body. Developing this discourse, Sunder Rajan [Sunder Rajan, Rajeswari (1993). Real and Imagined Women: Gender, Culture and Postcolonialism. London: Routledge.] discusses a new brand of woman that features in contemporary culture: the “New Indian Woman.” This figure is able to perfectly harmonize the conflict between tradition and modernity and negotiate seamlessly between the public and private spheres. Based on close readings, I will extend Sunder Rajan’s analysis of the New Indian Woman to Shashi Deshpande’s 1980 novel The Dark Holds No Terrors. Informed by ideas of embodiment, silence and performance, this paper considers how the unobtainability of the New Indian Woman myth in Deshpande’s novel results in a splitting of the self for the protagonist, Sarita. I argue that the splitting of the self occurs on two levels: while represented as a psychological breakdown experienced by Sarita, I contend that it is also reflected as a corporeal act through the violating literary depiction of rape.

Naukir, nauclērus, ναύκληρος: etimološka bilješka o pučkim odrazima jednog starog pomorskog termina na istočnom Jadranu

The reflexes of the Greek nautical term ναύκληρος in the Slavic vernaculars of the Eastern Adriatic can be traced from medieval (navьklerь, navkir) and early modern (naukijer, naukir) to present-day attestations found in modern dialects of Dalmatia (naukir, navukir, nakir). It seems unproblematic to assume that these forms do not descend directly from Greek, but there is no consensus on the near source of borrowing. Different authors have so far proposed Medieval Latin (Maretić), Italo-Romance (Vasmer) or Dalmatian-Romance (Vinja, Skok) as possible sources, yet most of these authors do not take into consideration the particularities of phonetic development in the Eastern Adriatic and Italo-Romance material. This paper discusses phonetic issues concerning the hypothesis of Italo-Romance or Dalmatian-Romance origin of the Eastern Adriatic forms and considers a range of possible solutions.

До питання про діалектичнe обґрунтування онтології

The paper considers principles and preconceptions of some dialectical theories of ancient and modern philosophy which are used for justification of ontology. The author pays most attention to proving his thesis that in the history of justification of ontology classical modern dialectics prevented the reduction of being to entity. Hence, he seeks to determine historical paradigms and types of dialectical theories of ontological knowledge depending on how the principles of these theories correspond with the understanding of the ontological difference, i.e. the difference between being and entity. In particular, the author argues that Hegel’s classical dialectics partly corresponds with the understanding of the ontological difference, and Marx’s postclassical dialectics do not. The paper contains the criticism of the metaphysical prejudices of Hegel and Marx which is particularly based on the principle of the phenomenological understanding of being, as well as on the author’s principle of the dialectical resolution of the well-known paradox of subjectivity.

Der Kuss Reloaded: On the Dialectology of ‘Kissing’ in Frisian

Elaborating on Theodor Siebs’ article “Zur vergleichenden Betrachtung volkstümlichen Brauches: der Kuss” (1903), this contribution investigates the dialectology and lexicology of the words for ‘kiss’ and ‘to kiss’ in Frisian, focusing on North Frisian. In the non-standardized Frisian dialects, affective words for ‘kissing’ competed with more neutral ones and eventually replaced them. Thus the common Germanic words for ‘kiss’ and ‘to kiss’ (Old Frisian kos—kessa) were lost in the modern dialects and a wide variety of alternative forms (among them words for ‘special’ kissing and child words) took their place. In North Frisian, one finds four basic form groups, exemplified by Fering-Öömrang kleeb—kleebe, Heligolandic Paik—paike, Bökingharde Frisian mak—make and Mittelgoesharde Frisian uup—uupi (with the diminutive variant Hallig Frisian ääpk—ääpke). The geographical distribution, historical development and etymology of these forms and related ones in East Frisian (Saterlandic) and West Frisian are discussed in some detail. The results of the investigation are presented in the form of an annotated dialect map of ‘kiss’ and ‘to kiss’ in North Frisian.

Cosmographical Novelties in French Renaissance Prose (1550–1630): Dialectic and Discovery. By Raphaële Garrod

This impressive and original book assesses early modern epistemological shifts by paying close attention to the argumentative and rhetorical strategies of five vernacular prose texts, some canonical (Montaigne’s ‘Apologie de Raimond Sebond’ and Descartes’s Le Monde) and others non-canonical (François Belleforest’s Cosmographie universelle de tout le monde; Pierre de La Primaudaye’s Troisième tome de l’Académie françoise; and Étienne Binet’s ‘Pour parler des cieux et de ses merveilles’ in the Essay des merveilles de nature et des plus nobles artifices, a Jesuit manual of sermon oratory). Sebastian Münster’s Cosmographia universalis is also studied in detail alongside Belleforest’s Cosmographie, which was based upon it. Raphaële Garrod analyses what these works say — and do not say — through the lens of early modern dialectic, specifically its shifting notion of the ‘probable’ and its loci (structures or forms of argument). Her point is not that the authors in question made conscious use of dialectic but rather that it informed their writing practice and hence the discursive ‘invention’ (both discovery and construction) of cosmological and cosmographical ‘novelties’. Because Garrod is interested in how natural philosophy and cosmography are shaped to serve writers’ varied purposes, not all of the texts studied are primarily about these subjects. Garrod sets her selected corpus against textbooks epitomizing the scholastic orthodoxy in astronomy and natural philosophy. An Introduction provides an overview of dialectic and its relationship to natural philosophy, and appendices draw together the presentations in different dialectic textbooks of the loci that feature most heavily in Garrod’s analysis. The discussion bristles with rich insights into the construction of early modern knowledge in areas ranging from natural theology to astronomy to geography; into miscellaneous or copious genres; and into Garrod’s chosen texts. The central thesis is that dialectic enables us to make sense of the complex and heterogeneous history of the invention of cosmographical novelties, which saw a variety of diverse world views current simultaneously over the longue durée. ‘Novelties’ were exegetical alternatives that disturbed the natural-philosophical doxa, and thus included classical texts other than those favoured by scholasticism, as well as observational and experiential sources. In the traditional historiography of the so-called Scientific Revolution, novelties are usually aligned with ‘experience’, which is understood in opposition to the bookish. They are considered to have brought about the rejection in natural philosophy of both dialectic understood as logic and also uses of dialectic stemming from the textual learning of humanism. However, Garrod argues, the scholastic orthodoxy was troubled less by discoveries in themselves than by their discursive invention as novelties, which was dependent on the tools of dialectic. In the case of some of the early modern arguments under study, one might wonder about the extent to which dialectic constitutes not only a useful framework for us to analyse them but also an increasingly ‘flexible toolkit’ (passim) with which they were shaped: for example, while dialectic’s rhetorical turn brought new kinds of arguments under its umbrella, did this turn actually facilitate those arguments? Whatever the answer, this book makes a distinctive and compelling contribution to ongoing historiographical revisions of the ‘Scientific Revolution’, and to methodological innovation at the intersection of literary studies and the history of science.