Modern Corporation Research Articles

High-Impact Teaching Designs for Effective Higher Educational Practices

Teaching design is a concept that helps teachers to identify the learning purposes. It is not about timekeeping or scheduling class norms only rather a plan that equips learners to learn the required concepts. It is a strategy that supports teachers to maintain effective higher educational practices. This qualitative study analyzed the high-impact teaching designs that can help in the effectiveness of higher education practices. The high-impactteaching designs are Inward design (module material), Backward design (module delivery planning), and Forward design (module outcomes). The educational institutions have aligned most of the programs as per the requirements of modern corporations. This study is based on the authors’ priori interest and knowledge in the field and has offered three teaching designs related to inward design, backward design, and forward design. The readers will have exposure to the designs and learn to apply them to implement effective higher educational practices. The study organized the teaching designs and proposed the sequential flows from input (course modules), process (delivery mode), and output (program outcomes). The purpose of such proposed flows is to list the effective educational practices that can help in achieving the learning and program outcomes.

Sociology of corporate governance and the emerging disintermediation

Purpose This study aims to observe and discuss an emerging disintermediation in transportation, finance and health care, and explain how these three key areas depend on intermediary institutions that are the fruit of modern corporate governance conditions that find their roots in classical sociological theory. Design/methodology/approach The authors review and incorporate a diversity of research literature to explain the likelihood for the development and continuation of disintermediation. Findings The authors map two sociological perspectives (Emile Durkheim’s theory of interdependence and Herbert Spencer’s theory of contracts) to two modern corporate governance theories (resource dependence theory and agency theory). The authors then discuss the challenging social situation resulting from modern corporate governance and show how these conditions create the potential for a continuum of disintermediation across the specific and crucial economic sectors of transportation, finance and health care. Originality/value The implications of this theoretical integration can help organizational leaders navigate complex social and strategic issues and prepare for the consequences that may result from the emerging disintermediation.

The story of flight

ABSTRACT The history of commercial aviation - from the earliest attempts at flight to the modern civil aircraft - is used to illustrate the central role of the evolutionary progress of collective knowledge in what is loosely described as technical progress. No individual knows how to build an airbus - ten thousand people working together do. The emphasis on collective intelligence as a means of solving problems builds on Penrose’s insight that the firm is best viewed a s a collection of capabilities to develop a template for the modern corporation that recognises the development of ‘capital as a service’ and the importance of ‘hollow corporations’, franchises and platforms in the twenty-first century economy.

The impact of board ethnic diversity and Chief Executive Officer role on corporate social responsibility

AbstractWe examine the influence of board ethnic diversity on firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities within modern day corporations. Using firm‐year observations in Australia from the period 2004–2017, we document that board ethnic diversity leads to better CSR performance and CSR disclosure. Our results suggest that for every additional ethnic cluster represented on the board, on average, a firm's CSR performance rating from ASSET4 is higher by 2.6% and the odds ratio of producing a CSR report increases by 38.8%. The results are robust to controlling for endogeneity (using both instrumental variable approach and difference‐in‐differences analysis) and alternate proxies to measure CSR performance and ethnic diversity. We also document the moderating impact of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) power on the relationship between board ethnic diversity and firms' CSR activities. Specifically, a less powerful CEO and a CEO of ethnic minority (i.e., non‐Anglo) are more likely to facilitate this relationship. This study adds to our understanding of how board ethnic diversity, an often‐overlooked factor in prior research, can have significant impacts on firm outcomes.

CONVERGENCE OF TRADITIONAL CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND MODERN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REFORMS: IS KING II déja vu FOR BOARDS OF DIRECTORS OR IS IT A SET OF NEW PRINCIPLES?

Contrary to popular belief, corporate governance is not a new subject. In fact, corporate governance has been practised for as long as there have been corporate entities. Corporate governance has always been reflected in legislation such as the Companies Act, Insolvency Act, Insider Trading Act and similar legislation. However, some of the recent recommendations resulting from reforms in this area reflect the improvement of corporate governance standards. This article is an attempt to point out similarities and divergences between traditional corporate governance and modern corporate governance as suggested by the latest reforms, particularly in the King Report on corporate governance (2002).

Current Aspects of the Planning and Operating Corporate Info-Communication and CRM Systems

The establishment of an up-to-date, modern corporate info-communication system means the development of an integrated system in which information is transmitted practically within a single network. The main advantage of this is less information loss and communication noise, and the system is also more cost-effective. If the information communication technologies used by companies are incomplete or outdated, there is a greater chance that so-called communication noise will occur, i.e. communication, the delivery of messages, and understanding between the communicating parties will become more difficult and complicated.By the end of the nineties, a so-called network society has emerged that was active in virtual space. They have the ability to form smaller groups relatively easily and quickly, among which there is a continuous exchange of information. The members of this network society mostly belong to the so-called Generation Z (those born after the mid-1990s). Among other things, it is typical of this generation that they spend most of their time keeping contact online, therefore their communication, relationship-building and cognitive style also develops accordingly.The technique of the written text, which has been used for centuries, has now been mostly replaced by networked communication, which creates a new kind of collectivity. Due to the linear organization of written and spoken language, it only allows for personal contact with a small group, thus resulting in a certain degree of isolation. The network-like structuring of multimedia seems to be a much more natural form of organization for the human brain, it allows people to keep in touch with a larger number of people. However, these relationships are role-based and less personal: these are the "weak" social ties that we like to rely on when looking for work and making deals. It can therefore be expected that technological changes will result in rapid transformations in our relationship management communication patterns, enabling the creation of a wider network of relationships.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ «БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ НА РАБОЧЕМ МЕСТЕ» КАК ЧАСТь СОВРЕМЕННыХ КОРПОРАТИВНыХ ПРОГРАММ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ

This article discusses the essence and features of the formation of one of the modern corporate programs for personnel management — workplace well-being concept (WPWBC). It is noted that the main goal of this concept is to increase the level of well-being of personnel, their deep and productive involvement in the company’s activities. The main components that affect the productivity of workers from the position of the WPWBC are considered. These are programs that affect: physical and psychological health , a comfortable working environment, financial well-being and professional growth. The essence of these components and the advanced directions of their development are analyzed. The relationship between the theory of justice and WPWBC is shown. The theory of distributive justice is based on the belief that employees become demotivated towards their job and their employer if they believe that their contribution is greater than what they receive as a result of their work in the organization. According to this theory, finding a fair balance between what employees contribute and what they receive in the organization serves the purpose of ensuring a strong and productive relationship between the organization and the employee.

THE PROBLEM OF TRANSMISSION OF THE COMPANY'S MESSAGE THROUGH THE NON-VERBAL LANGUAGE OF THE CORPORATE UNIFORM

Based on the change in the significance of the functions of a modern corporate uniform, the priority of its communicative and semantic role is established, associated with the need to translate the company's messages both into the internal and external socio-cultural environment. At the same time, the problem of correct understanding of the figurative-metaphorical language of the designer with the system of gestalts of message recipients (clients or participants in the dress code) was revealed. The article analyses examples of both the successful evolution of the non-verbal language of the uniform, which made it possible to reliably convey the company's message to the consumer, and cases of misunderstanding and distortion of the company's message due to the discrepancy between the designer's gestalts and the system of associations that have developed among message recipients.

The phenomenon of zero-leverage policy: Literature review

One of the most puzzling, stylized facts in modern corporate finance is that many companies worldwide persistently follow a zero-debt or almost-zero-debt policy. This paper reviews the literature on this puzzling policy. We survey articles published in the Web of Science and the SCOPUS databases since the zero-debt policy was first formally discussed in 1990 when zero-levered companies started to emerge. Our literature review provides unique conceptual and methodological knowledge contributions, by critically analyzing prior works and paving the way for the advancement of new paradigms. It traces the evolution of knowledge in the field of capital structure by establishing connections among various literature works, creating a cohesive and integrated understanding of the zero-debt puzzle. It offers insights from different perspectives presented in each study, thereby enhancing comprehension. Moreover, it critically questions existing theories' adequacy in explaining the reasons behind a significant number of global corporations opting to avoid debt.

CORPORATE MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRICITY COMPANIES: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES

The utilities are distinguished by significant material and financial power, exceptional market power, the realization of large revenues, employing several thousands of workers, whose results represent a significant part of the GDP. The utilities are of great economic forces, they represent an economic synthesis between management, labor and capital, giving an identity to the company in a given socio-economic environment. The particularities of a corporate-type company come from different missions that give it an identity, but also from the pluralism of interests of different stakeholders – interested parties. The basic requirement for a modern corporation is to create wealth for the key interest groups, i.e. stakeholders, in the way that suppliers of financial inputs ensure returns on their investment. Therefore, good management of the utilities is of crucial importance for realizing their positive contribution to economic efficiency and competitiveness.Corporate management is the process of managing, directing and supervising the operations of an utility, in order to create value for shareholders, assess investment risk and the expected rate of return on investments, as well as supervise capital investments, and at the same time protect the interests of other stakeholders. Corporate management is a monitoring mechanism for evaluating corporate responsibility and reliability through: boards of directors, supervisory board, audit committees, management and auditors. Corporate management would not be necessary if management acted in the best interest of shareholders and if corporate guardians: boards of directors, legal advisors and certified public accountants, efficiently performed their entrusted tasks and professional responsibilities. Therefore, the corporate management structure promotes the trust of the company by increasing the transparency of the financial reporting process, based on the corporate management standards adopted by the Organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD).

Counterbalance effect of multiple major shareholders in Chinese listed companies: A strategic decision-making perspective

The ownership structure of multiple major shareholders is very prevalent among China’s listed companies and has a vital impact on corporate strategy. This study examines the influence of multiple major shareholders on corporate differentiation strategy in Chinese listed companies. The results show that multiple major shareholders promote the decision and implementation of enterprise differentiation strategy. Board capital width and depth play a mediating role. Financial redundancy and corporate competitive culture positively moderate the relationship between multiple major shareholders and differentiation strategy, while human resource redundancy has a negative effect. Further research shows that in enterprises with multiple major shareholders, differentiation strategy can improve performance. From the perspective of equity balance, this study examines the role of multiple major shareholders in emerging markets to provide insights for improving the modern corporate governance system and guidance for enterprises to implement competitive strategies.

Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility in India: Emerging Trends and Best Practices - An Empirical Study

Corporate governance and social responsibility have emerged as critical components of modern corporate operations, particularly in rising nations such as India. The purpose of this research is to look at developing trends and best practices in corporate governance and social responsibility in India. The research takes an empirical approach, gathering data from a variety of sources such as business reports, surveys, and academic literature. The study's findings indicate that corporate governance and social responsibility practices in India have improved significantly over the last decade. The advent of new legislation and norms, along with increased stakeholder pressure, has compelled businesses to embrace more ethical and sustainable business practices. Yet, there are still issues to be addressed, such as a lack of openness and accountability in certain businesses. The report offers a number of best practices that businesses may implement to enhance their corporate governance and social responsibility practices, such as stakeholder engagement, responsible sourcing, and ethical leadership.

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING ASSURANCE: CURRENT PRACTICES AND ISSUES FOR FUTURE

Sustainability reporting (SR) is an important area of modern corporate reporting that is rapidly expanding. Despite the fact that the number of reports has increased, their quality has been questionable. Moreover, the credibility of sustainability information without assurance is frequently criticized. According to SR practice, external assurance provides stakeholders with transparency and credibility of sustainability information. Although sustainability reporting assurance (SRA) is still a vital activity, there is a lack of a shared understanding and approach to the practice. The objective of the study is to explore the current SRA practices and the prospects for SRA by conducting a systematic literature review (SLR). Through the SLR using the PRISMA framework, 55 published articles in the last 17 years, from 2004 to 2020, were carefully examined. The predetermined data elements such as year of publication, country of study, research method, focus of literature, and analytical approaches were analyzed using a chronological and content analysis of these articles. This methodology employs a rigorous process to identify and select the most important literary contributions in this field. The results are intended to contribute to the development and evolution of SRA in the future, as well as guide researchers in designing their future studies.

Alignment between Compensation-Contracting and Value-Relevance Roles of Revenues

ABSTRACT Revenue is the closest proxy in financial statements for market size and dominance, factors that determine the survival and future profits of modern corporations. Hence, revenue may contain value-relevant information, incremental to information contained in earnings. We find that revenue is used as a performance metric in executive compensation contracts when it provides information on equity valuation beyond the information provided by earnings. We call this occurrence an alignment between revenues’ contracting and the valuation roles. The alignment is higher for firms in newer industries, with investors who focus on revenue targets, with managers who provide revenue guidance, and with analysts who issue revenue forecasts. This alignment seems efficient because revenue is more informative of future profits when it carries higher weight in executive compensation contracts. We conclude that modern corporations increasingly incentivize managers to create new markets and defend existing market shares, in addition to maximizing current profits. JEL Classifications: J3; L2; M41.

Creative Accounting: An Overview of its Practices Where are We Heading Now?

Accounting plays a significant role in the contractual relations that form the modern corporation, presumably to mitigate agency costs. However, it is argued that preparers are likely to have incentives to convey self-serving information is also likely to impose costs on financial statement users. This practice known as creative accounting which referring to the process of taking deliberate steps within the constraints of GAAP to bring about desired level of reported earnings. Even though not all accounting choices involve creative accounting or earnings management, and the term earnings management extends beyond accounting choice, the implications of accounting choice to achieve managers’ personal goals are consistent with the notion of earnings management. Accounting is a medium for managers to disseminate privately held information through accounting information releases, and the specific accounting method choice can play a key role in that communication process. In addition to that, regulation of accounting affects the quality and quantity of financial disclosures, and thus affecting the quality of decision making of the users. This paper critically discusses the common motivation, techniques, the implications, potential mitigation mechanisms as well as reviews some of the most controversial accounting scandals in Malaysia and worldwide. We conclude that earnings management are still a very common practice despite the current development in various mitigating mechanisms.

When Berle and Galbraith Revived Political Economy: A Study of Cross-Fertilization (1933–67)

AbstractThis article reconstructs the intellectual cross-fertilization between Adolf Berle Jr. (1895–1971) and John Kenneth Galbraith (1908–2006) to account for their institutionalist challenge to “conventional economics” that revived political economy. It goes back to the origins of The Modern Corporation and Private Property before analyzing Berle and Galbraith's answers to a set of fundamental questions. What is the nature of modern competition? What is the nature of the modern corporation? What is the role of the state? And how should American liberalism be reinvented to cope with the social issues raised by the transformation of American capitalism in the postwar era? Their answers to these questions reveal the deep affinities between the theoretical and political dimensions of their work. This research contributes, then, to the history of the institutionalist movement in the postwar period and its affinities with qualitative liberalism.

Trends in the provision of corporate resources to industrial enterprises in the conditions of the mobilization economy

The purpose of the article. The research conducted by the author of the article is aimed at identifying key approaches to the formation of modern corporate resources at industrial enterprises in order to ensure the functioning of critical infrastructure in a mobilization economy. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research being carried out was made up of private scientific and general scientific methods, techniques, technologies and approaches, among which it is necessary to distinguish systemic and structural-functional approaches to determine the structure of critical infrastructure and the interaction of structural elements, situational approach to identify spatio-temporal factors affecting the functioning of systems, economic-mathematical and statistical methods to identify the current state the level of security of industrial enterprises with corporate resources. Results. The author of the article suggests the main approaches and directions of providing industrial enterprises with corporate resources in the conditions of the mobilization economy. Conclusions. The recommendations formed by the author of the article and the selected approaches will ensure the functioning of the critical infrastructure of enterprises in the conditions of the mobilization economy. Application. The results obtained by the author of the study can be used in the process of providing business structures with corporate resources that meet modern requirements in a mobilization economy.

Nexus Between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure And Profitability Of Firms Listed At Dar Es Salaam Stock Exchange.

Modern corporations are for people and the environment, making CSR disclosure essential. It is debatable if CSR disclosure influences corporate profitability. This study aims to demonstrate the relationship between CSR disclosure and the profitability of Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange-listed firms (DSE). The research used mixed methods with an explanatory sequential design on 21 publicly traded firms from 2006 to 2021. DSE and annual reports were mined for data. Interviews produced qualitative information. Using the Random Effect model with three estimates (1, 2, 3) and theme analysis, quantitative and qualitative data were analysed. Analysis revealed that CSR disclosure has a significant positive effect on firm profitability measured by ROA and ROE. Findings signify legitimacy and stakeholder theory in relation to CSR disclosure practices. CSR disclosure benefits the image, business, and public trust of a firm, as well as its sales. Managers should encourage CSR for image and commercial enhancement. Community and the firm rely on one another. CSR disclosure enhances community-business connections. The mixed study design, new control variables, and paucity of literature on the relationship between CSR disclosure and corporate profitability in east Africa contribute to the originality of this research.

The Importance of Voting Trust for Securing Shareholders Protection in Chinese Corporations

The focal point of this paper is concentrated on identifying the problems faced by shareholders in the Chinese corporations due to the issues of shareholder activism; tunneling and other grave problems which are linked to the unwarranted incidents faced by corporations due to uncertain events. In doing so, this paper will shed light on the important corporate body such as, voting trust system the adoption of which, has already proven its worth in the corporate sectors of other developed countries. Hence, it is discussed in the paper as to how the inclusion of same mechanism could work as a solution for shareholder protection in the Chinese Corporate sector which could potentially assist China in becoming the top corporate player of today’s modern corporate world. Keywords: voting trust, shareholders abuse, minority shareholder protection, shareholders activism, company law DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/131-06 Publication date: April 30 th 2023

중세 유럽 문장(紋章)의 디자인, 구성, 상징

This study analyzes the principles of composition and symbolic meanings of university heraldry and guild heraldry in medieval Europe based on the concept of Thick Discription of Clifford Geertz, a champion of symbolic anthropology. Thick Discription is one of methodologies of cultural studies that helps to demonstrate cultural symbols and signs in the context used. It enables to elucidate complex conceptual structures, many of them superimposed on or knotted into one another, which are strange, inconstant and concealed. We will infer how medieval heraldry as a symbolic sign influences modern visual culture, especially symbol marks because modern university symbols and corporate logos have been rooted in medieval university heraldry and guild heraldry respectively. This paper provides useful academic materials that visual designers and design researchers can refer to.