Modern Control Research Articles

Study of the division operation by two in the remainder class system with all paired modules

The development of modern technology, information and control systems will require the establishment of new principles, focusing on the representation of numbers in the system of redundant classes. The traditional system of residue classes is a system in which an arbitrary number is represented as a set of smallest non-negative remainders modulo. Moreover, if the modules are pairwise coprime, then only one number in the range of numbers corresponds to this representation. At the same time, the implementation of new trends in the system of residual classes requires, along with the use of systems of co-prime modules, the use of systems with co-prime modules, in particular, with all even modules. Moreover, the system of all even modules, each of which is not a factor of any of the other modules of this system, is built on the basis of a system of relatively simple modules - the basis - by multiplying each basis module by an even number - the transition coefficient. One of the complex operations in such a system is dividing a number by two. The proposed approach to solving the problem is as follows. The remainder is divided into two by modules of the system. A modular equation is compiled, the results of which determine two remainder values for each module, located in different number intervals and having opposite parities. Since in an even system of modules all remainders are either even or odd, we form a set of all even remainders and a set of all odd remainders. Since, when divided by two, numbers are transferred to the lower half of the range of numbers, we compare these sets to the smaller of them. The proposed approach provides the desired result, and it seems appropriate to apply it as a promising direction for studying complex operations in a system of residual classes with all even modules.

Machine Learning for Sparse Nonlinear Modeling and Control

Machine learning is rapidly advancing nearly every field of science and engineering, and control theory is no exception. In particular, it has shown incredible promise for handling several of the main challenges facing modern dynamics and control, including complexity, unmodeled dynamics, strong nonlinearity, and hidden variables. However, machine learning models are often expensive to train and deploy, fail to generalize beyond the training data, and suffer from a lack of explainability, interpretability, and guarantees, all of which limit their use in real-world and safety-critical control applications. Sparse nonlinear modeling and control techniques are a powerful class of machine learning that promote parsimony through sparse optimization, providing data-efficient models that are more interpretable and generalizable and have proven effective for control. In this review, we explore the use of sparse optimization in the context of machine learning to develop compact models and controllers that are easy to train, require significantly less data, and make low-latency predictions. In particular, we focus on applications in model predictive control and reinforcement learning, two of the foundational algorithms in control theory.

ANÁLISE MATEMÁTICA E SIMULAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE AMORTECIMENTO VEICULAR COM MATLAB

Abstract: In modern control theory, the concept of state variables plays a crucial role in the modeling and analysis of dynamic systems. These variables provide a comprehensive description of the system’s future behavior over time. The organization into a state vector enables a compact and complete representation of the system’s internal state. The state-space function describes the temporal evolution of these variables in response to system inputs, offering an efficient mathematical approach for the design and analysis of control systems. Applications range from industrial process control to autonomous vehicle control and robotics. By understanding and applying these concepts, control engineers develop effective solutions for challenges in complex systems, ensuring performance, stability, and efficiency in dynamic environments. Keywords: state variables; dynamic systems; state-space; control; stability.

Recent developments in antimicrobial small molecule quaternary phosphonium compounds (QPCs) - synthesis and biological insights.

The development and characterization of quaternary phosphonium compounds (QPCs) have long benefitted from their incorporation into a cornerstone reaction in organic synthesis - the Wittig reaction. These structures have, more recently, been developed into a wide variety of novel applications, ranging from phase transfer catalysis to mitochondrial targeting. Importantly, their antimicrobial action has demonstrated great promise against a wide variety of bacteria. This review aims to provide an overview of recent development in non-polymeric biocidal QPC structures, highlighting their synthetic preparation, and comparing their antimicrobial performance. Discussions of similarities and dissimilarities to QACs are included, both in bioactivity as well as likely mechanism(s) of action. The observed potential of QPCs to eradicate Gram-negative pathogens via a novel mechanism is highlighted, as there is an urgent need to address the declining biocide arsenal in modern infection control.

Modern Technology's role in accounting cost calculation of industrial enterprises: Informatization as a key strategy to improve management efficiency.

The study aims to address challenges encountered by modern industrial enterprises, including inefficient accounting cost calculation, delayed information acquisition, and untimely management decisions. By comprehensively applying modern management, information technology, and cost control methods, this study constructs a real-time cost control model to optimize industrial enterprises. Firstly, the model employs mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to optimize production processes through mathematical modeling. Secondly, it utilizes data mining technology to assist enterprises in cost accounting and efficiency analysis. Big data analysis aids in predicting production process changes and trends, providing data support for management decisions. Intelligent production scheduling and resource optimization are facilitated by artificial intelligence (AI) technology, enabling real-time data collection, processing, and analysis. Finally, the activity-based costing method categorizes, allocates, and measures costs to enhance cost accounting accuracy and efficiency. Research results demonstrate that enterprises adopting the theoretical framework of real-time cost control can enhance the accuracy of cost accounting, cost control efficiency, and overall management effectiveness.

New approach of series-PID controller design based on modern control theory: Simulations and real-time validation

New approach of series-PID controller design based on modern control theory: Simulations and real-time validation

Attitude Control and Trajectory Tracking of a Shipboard Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Self-Improvement Algorithm

With the rapid development of Industry 4.0 and urbanisation around the world, computer control technology and electromechanical systems, the development of UAVs around the world has entered a period of rapid development. As UAVs enter the rapid development stage, higher requirements are placed on the precise control rate during UAV missions. Multi-rotor UAVs have been used on ships in large scale due to their easy-to-manoeuvre characteristics. However, shipboard UAVs are affected by many factors during flight, such as crosswinds, gusts and wave effects at sea. Therefore, it is necessary to optimise the robustness and safety of the control process of shipborne UAVs through self-immunity algorithms. In the research process of UAV, modern control theory has developed very rapidly, but it is difficult to be applied in practice, and there is a certain gap. The reason for this is that advanced control theory techniques require an accurate mathematical model of the controlled object.In this study, the position and attitude equations of motion of the quadrotor UAV are firstly obtained according to the rigid body mechanics, the UAV dynamics model is deduced, and for the UAV attitude control and trajectory tracking requirements, the inner loop adopts the self-immobilisation control and the outer loop adopts the PID control, and the relevant control structure is designed. Through relevant Simulink simulation and comparison with the effect of traditional PID control, the optimisation effect of the self-immunity algorithm on the control of shipborne quadrotor UAV is verified.

Басқарудың цифрлық жүйелерін модельдеу

In this work, a mathematical model of digital control of multi-circuit objects is constructed, taking into account the features of the digital controller as an element of the control system. The article shows the theoretical foundations and methods of designing modern digital control systems based on traditional algorithms and new developments in the field of synthesis of continuous and discrete control systems. An example of mathematical modeling of a twocircuit system with digital control is given. To solve the problem, a standard block diagram of complex multi-loop control systems with von Neumann-type digital controllers was developed, taking into account the random nature of the processed data and real-time delays between transactions. The scientific novelty is the flexibility of the software, which significantly expands the capabilities of implementing complex algorithms, which creates the prerequisites for the practical application of the latest methods of modern control theory.

Solving the problem of technological object identification

Abstract. Problem. The identification task is formulated as follows: based on the results of observations of the input and output variables of a system, a model, i.e. a formalized representation of this system, should be built that is optimal in some sense. This shows the connection between the identification task and the above general scheme of establishing regularities based on the results of observations. The identification task is based on modern control theory. To solve it, modern computers are used. The latter, with their high speed and virtually unlimited memory capacity, create the prerequisites for receiving, transmitting and processing large arrays of observations that are necessary for building adequate models of real objects. Goal. Studying the possibilities of solving the problem of identifying technological objects using MATLAB+Simulink. Job tasks: to consider the tasks of identifying technological objects of management; to choose an identification method; identify the electric motor model. Methodology. The research problems should be solved by methods of analysis and synthesis of automatic control systems by the method of least squares. Results. In the work, experimental data on the dependence of the engine idling speed on the excitation current were obtained and solved the identification problem using the MATLAB+SIMULINK package. Originality. Based on the analysis of existing solutions, it was found that the works did not consider the calculation of absolute and relative errors of the results of identifying the object and the model developed using the least squares method. Thus, there is a need to develop a system for identifying a model of a technological object made by the least squares method. To solve the identification problem, an electric motor is chosen as the object of study. Practical value. The paper examines the methods used to identify complex objects. The comparative analysis showed that the most acceptable method is the least squares method, due to simple mathematical calculations in comparison with the other methods. To illustrate the application of this method, two tasks were solved: identification of the model of an electric motor; identification of the model of an alarm system. The studies have shown that model identification can be performed using the MATLAB+Simulink package. The research results obtained on the model differ from the experimental data by no more than 4 %

Even-Order Delay Differential Equations with <i>p</i>-Laplacian Like Operator: New Oscillation Criteria

As a pivotal branch within the realm of differential equations, the theory of oscillation holds a crucial position in the exploration of natural sciences and the construction of modern control theory Frameworks. In this manuscript, we obtain some oscillatory properties for the noncanonical even-order differential equation with a p-Laplacian-like operator by using comparison with first-order differential inequality. Some examples are discussed to illustrate the effectiveness of our main results.

16K20F3 LATHE CNC MACHINE UPGRADE TO MILLING CNC MACHINE

The article discusses the practical experience of modernizing the 16K20F3 tool machine for tool processing. It describes a deep modernization with a complete replacement of all drives, electrical and control systems. The goal is to consider the use of modernization of outdated metal-cutting equipment for modern technological tasks as one of the economically feasible options, alternative to the purchase of new expensive equipment. The use of aggregation allows in the process of modernization to create technological equipment for a specific group of products with the implementation of an optimal technological process. Simultaneous equipping of the machine with a modern control system, as well as assemblies and equipment for CAM technologies and HSM-technologies, allows you to get a qualitatively new equipment.

Comprehensive Review of Anesthesia Monitoring Systems and Radiological Tools in Complex Surgical Interventions

The results of extremity revascularization depend remarkably on the application of modern anesthesia control devices and radiological equipment. They also protect the patients – both from themselves and potential infection – and maximize the accuracy of surgery and recovery times. Anesthesia monitoring systems give immediate information concerning patients’ condition, allowing anesthesiologists to alter settings for depth of anesthesia, control effects, and respond to alterations promptly. Most radiological technologies are diagnostic rather than therapeutic. Still, whether invasive or non-invasive, they help the surgeon portray the surgical area, and this is very crucial in planning surgeries, especially using minimally invasive methods. It aims to understand better how these technologies can work in combination, how efficient they are in enhancing the results of surgery, and the main issues associated with their application. Moreover, the work focuses on the continued developments in both disciplines while presenting the readers with an understanding of how both are changing the current surgical practices.

High-Performance Garbage Collection Scheme with Low Data Transfer Overhead for NoC-Based SSDC

Solid-state drives (SSDs) have become the preferred storage solution for performance-critical applications due to their high speed, durability, and energy efficiency. However, the inherent characteristics of NAND flash memory, such as block-level erasure and data fragmentation, necessitate frequent garbage collection (GC) operations to reclaim storage space. These operations, while essential, introduce significant performance overhead, particularly in modern SSD controllers (SSDCs) that utilize network-on-chip (NoC) architectures. In such architectures, GC requires substantial data transfer over interconnects for error correction, leading to increased latency and reduced throughput. This paper presents a novel GC scheme designed to minimize latency in NoC-based SSDCs. Unlike conventional methods that unconditionally transfer data for error correction, the proposed approach selectively determines the data transfer path based on the presence of errors. By leveraging the low error probability of NAND flash memory, this scheme avoids unnecessary data traversal across the interconnect, significantly reducing GC overhead. A hardware implementation using task queues ensures efficient parallelism without disrupting other operations. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves SSD performance across various real-world workloads, achieving up to a 26.9% reduction in average latency and a 50.0% reduction in peak latency compared to traditional GC methods. These findings highlight the potential of optimizing data traversal paths in NoC architectures, providing a scalable solution for enhancing SSD performance for diverse applications.

Enhancing Student Engagement and Intellectual Development through Case-Based Instruction in Modern Control Theory

As technology advances at a breakneck pace, modern control theory has emerged as a vital component within the realm of engineering. This article endeavors to delve into the pedagogical transformation of modern control theory courses, leveraging case studies to align with the evolving educational landscape and nurture the learning interests and cognitive development of students in the contemporary era. By critically examining the challenges inherent in current teaching practices, the article introduces a suite of innovative instructional approaches and strategies designed to enhance students' grasp of theoretical concepts and hone their practical skills.

Performance Enhancement of Microgrid Systems Using Backstepping Control for Grid Side Converter and MPPT Optimization

Microgrid networks represent a crucial model in the field of power transmission and distribution, integrating renewable energy sources with modern control technologies. This research focuses on enhancing the performance of a microgrid system connected to the main grid through a three-phase converter controlled using Voltage Oriented Control (VOC). The microgrid comprises a storage element and a photovoltaic (PV) generation system. To improve system efficiency and power quality, backstepping (BS) controllers are implemented and compared with traditional control methods. Three control systems are evaluated: a conventional system using Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers for grid-side converter (GSC) control, a hybrid system with BS-modified P&O (BS-P&O) for MPPT and PI controllers for GSC, and an advanced system employing BS-P&O for MPPT and BS controllers for GSC. The research demonstrates that BS controllers exhibit superior dynamic performance, contributing to improved regulation of DC-link voltage, active and reactive powers. Additionally, they achieve lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) values and increase the overall efficiency of the PV system. The proposed advanced control strategy shows particular effectiveness in tracking speed, disturbance rejection, and power quality enhancement. This study underscores the potential of nonlinear control techniques in optimizing microgrid operations and facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources into the main grid.

Current Technological Advances in Mucoadhesive Buccal Drug Delivery Systems and Their Therapeutic Applications

Buccal drug delivery has emerged as a promising route of administration, offering distinct advantages over conventional oral delivery systems. The unique physiological characteristics of the buccal mucosa, including rich vascularity and relatively high permeability, make it an attractive site for both local and systemic drug administration. Bioadhesive formulations have revolutionized buccal drug delivery by ensuring prolonged contact with the mucosal surface, thereby enhancing drug absorption and bioavailability. Recent developments in polymer science have introduced novel mucoadhesive materials, including thiolated polymers, lectins, and stimuli-responsive systems, which demonstrate superior adhesion properties and controlled release characteristics. Various formulation approaches, such as films, tablets, patches, and hydrogels, have been developed to optimize drug delivery through the buccal route. These systems incorporate permeation enhancers, enzyme inhibitors, and novel drug carriers to overcome the biological barriers associated with buccal delivery. The application of nanotechnology has further advanced the field, introducing nanostructured formulations that exhibit enhanced mucoadhesion and improved drug permeation. Current research focuses on developing intelligent delivery systems that respond to physiological triggers and maintain therapeutic drug levels. Understanding the critical factors affecting bioadhesion, including polymer characteristics, environmental conditions, and physiological variables, has led to the development of more effective formulations. The integration of modern analytical techniques and quality control measures ensures the development of stable and efficient buccal delivery systems and improves patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes

CONTROL MODEL OF THE NATURAL GAS PURIFICATION PROCESS

The equipment used in the processes of cleaning and drying natural gas for transportation and consumption and the methods applied for drying gas were comparatively analyzed, it was noted that the absorption method is more widespread among these methods due to its simplicity and efficiency, it was shown that drying gas should be carried out immediately after its cleaning from mechanical and other impurities so that during the transportation and use of gas, there are no blockages in pipelines, malfunctions in measuring devices and other gas equipment. Drying gas prevents the formation of hydrates in pipes due to condensation during transportation and increases the heat-generating capacity of gas by burning it well. The characteristics of the liquid absorbent used to dry gas in the absorption process - the absorbent, being regenerated and returned to the gas drying process were investigated, and the parameters and quality indicators affecting the technological process were determined for optimal control of the gas drying technological process at normal temperature and pressure for that process, as well as the output parameters of the gas drying unit. It was noted that although the pneumatic control system is considered morally obsolete, some elements and devices of this system, in particular, pneumatic actuators, are distinguished by their reliability in mining and field conditions. Therefore, it is advisable to use them in modern control systems with controllers. For this purpose, the structure of the general control system of the process, the information model of the control object was built, the input and output parameters, the limiting conditions for reflecting the exciting and controlling effects in the structure of the mathematical model were determined, and the limit ranges containing the minimum and maximum values of each parameter were determined. The control problem can also be formulated and solved as a problem of stabilizing productivity or another parameter. An optimal control model of the gas drying process was built, and the optimization criterion was selected. In the problem of optimizing the technological process of gas drying, the maximum productivity of the plant was adopted as the main criterion, and the humidity of the gas was adopted as the limiting condition. Several recommendations are given for solving this problem. Keywords: gas drying, absorbent, control system, optimal control, model.

Interdisciplinary Aspects of Industry Innovations Use in Study Process Management at University

The paper provides an analysis and exposes the need for more intensive use of ICT in combination with modern sources of renewable energy for efficient implementation of modern control and management technologies. Some interdisciplinary aspects of renewable energy and IC technologies use at universities are analyzed. The objective of this paper is to outline the original approach to the connection of the study process at university in the field of applied knowledge and skills in scope of energy informatics with use of novel principles of energy use for infrastructure support and development. The use of innovation in energy and computer technologies for university infrastructure may guarantee the construction of very effective base for providing of practical training and R&D activities for students. Justification of the role of interdisciplinarity in form of energo informatics as provider of industry innovations use in study process at university is one of the tasks on the path to objective. Critical analysis of a concept, using the literature as data and hybrid discriptive method were implemented for assigned tasks realization. Concept of interdisciplinary approach at university in scope of innovative essence of energo informatics in theorethical and practical spheres will open not only new horizonts in educational process, but also provide a new technological solutions implementation in university study environment. The activities described in this article should be realized in the design and development of a complex, reliable, robust, and sustainable system for the interaction between different disciplines in the scientific field, in the field of education management, and also in the field of application of modern energy and IC technologies to ensure the sustainabiliy of the university infrastructure.

ERGONOMICS AS A FACTOR IN ENSURING SAFETY DURING THE OPERATION OF CONSTRUCTION MACHINES ON THE EXAMPLE OF EXCAVATORS

Problem statement. To improve the safe working conditions of excavator operators, it is important to effectively manage ergonomic quality indicators, increase the reliability of excavators, and improve the sanitary and hygienic conditions and comfort of operators. The set of ergonomic indicators of the operator–excavator system, including controllability, occupancy, serviceability, masterability and manufacturability, defines the concept of ergonomics (a criterion category of quality management that is also considered as an object of management). Changes in construction affect the efficiency of the operator-excavator system, taking into account specific production and technical, natural and climatic, and socio-economic conditions. The re-equipment of construction sites with new generation excavators equipped with modern control, computer information and diagnostic systems, hardware and software for data transmission, processing and analysis not only improves the efficiency of construction work but also changes the safe nature of human-machine interaction. The purpose of the article. Ensuring safety during the operation of construction machines (excavators), taking into account ergonomics criteria, which is an urgent scientific task, the solution of which will improve working conditions and increase the efficiency of excavators. Conclusion. The conducted research has shown that the ergonomic component “man – machine – environment” on the example of improving excavators allows to increase the safety of machines and improve the working conditions of construction machine operators. The use of the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy set theory to evaluate and manage the ergonomics of excavators is due to the nature and specificity of the functioning of the elements of the “operator–excavator” system. Information about the system elements can be represented by subjective opinions or judgements, inaccurate data or errors in measurements and parameter calculations. Therefore, it is necessary to use mathematical tools that take into account quantitative and qualitative information presented in linguistic form.

Определение потенциала развития микроэлектроники в Новосибирской области на основе анализа патентных портфелей организаций

Microelectronics is widely used in various fields of science and technology: in modern control systems, radio engineering devices, devices and automation tools in industry, agriculture, transport and defense purposes. This determines the primary need for the development of this area. The strategy for the development of the electronic industry of the Russian Federation until 2030 is focused, among other things, on promoting Russian electronics to existing and international markets. Thus, the primary task is the legal protection of developments. Patent documents are an objective criterion for assessing the potential of technology development. The article evaluates the dynamics of scientific publications and patenting in the field of microelectronics in the Novosibirsk region, in Russia and in the world. This field is quite developed, the number of scientific publications and patents in the world has grown slightly over the past 20 years. There has been a decrease in the number of Russian patents in general and patents whose copyright holders are organizations registered in the Novosibirsk Region, in particular. This is a result of the deterioration of the political situation in the world. The imposition of economic sanctions against the Russian Federation was the reason why foreign companies were forced to stop investing in both research and development and in the production of Russian electronics. In these circumstances, some Russian companies have switched to protecting their developments in a trade secret mode. The main copyright holders and technology scientists working in electronic industry organizations registered in the region under consideration were also identified. The analysis of the level of development of microelectronic technologies in the Novosibirsk region was carried out, which showed that it corresponds to the world level.