Modern Communication Infrastructure Research Articles

ANALISIS GANGGUAN DAN IDENTIFIKASI KABEL FIBER OPTIC MENGGUNAKAN OTDR DI OTB CIREBON-BREBES R4

Fiber optic cables that experience interference and breaks are a common problem in modern communications infrastructure. Interference and breaks in optical cables can disrupt data transmission between locations and cause a decrease in signal quality. The use of an Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) has become a common method for detecting faults in optical cables by displaying the attenuation of the cable under test. Although optical fiber has a large capacity and high speed for transmitting information, relatively small attenuation still has a significant impact on transmission quality. The importance of maintaining and handling this interference is because attenuation can cause power loss in fiber optic transmission, hamper data transmission, and affect the quality of internet services

Efficient Network Management Protocols for Enhanced Performance: A Comprehensive Analysis

This paper explores the critical realm of network management protocols, delving into their significance in maintaining and optimizing network performance. The study investigates various existing protocols, assesses their strengths and weaknesses, and proposes a conceptual framework for enhancing network management efficiency. Through a rigorous methodology involving protocol evaluation and performance testing, this research aims to contribute valuable insights to the field of network management. The results and discussions section elucidates the findings, highlighting key considerations for protocol selection and implementation. Ultimately, the paper concludes with recommendations for optimizing network management practices to meet the evolving demands of modern communication infrastructures

A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Process for the Selection of an Efficient and Reliable IoT Application

Saudi Arabia initiated its much-anticipated Vision 2030 campaign, a long-term economic roadmap aimed at reducing the country’s reliance on oil. The vision, which is anticipated to be accomplished in the future, underlines compliance, fiscal, and strategy adjustments that will significantly affect all the important features of Saudi economic growth. Technology will be a critical facilitator, as well as controller, of the initiative’s significant transformation. Cloud computing, with the Internet of things (IoT), could make significant contributions to Saudi Vision 2030’s efficient governance strategy. There are multiple IoT applications that cover every part of everyday life, as well as enabling users to use a variety of IoT applications. Choosing the best IoT applications for specific customers is a difficult task. This paper concentrates on the Kingdom’s advancement towards a fresh, as well as enhanced, method of advancing the development phases pertaining to digital transformation, through implementing and adopting modern communications infrastructure and ICT technology. In addition, this study proposes a recommendation system that relies on a multi-criteria decision-making investigation focusing on the fuzzy TOPSIS method for selecting highly efficient IoT applications. The prototype, as well as the hierarchy, was created to assess and correlate critical criteria based on specialist preferences and recommendations. The T5 IoT application alternative was shown to be the most highly effective and reliable choice according to the findings of both fuzzy TOPSIS and TOPSIS.

Modeling a session of subject-system interaction in a wireless communication infrastructure with a mixed resource.

The article examines the subject-system interaction session, where the system is understood as a base station, and the subject is understood as a mobile communication device. The peculiarity of the study is taking into account the phenomenon relevant to modern communication infrastructures, which is that the base station supports the division of information traffic into a subspace of guaranteed personalized traffic and a subspace of general-purpose traffic. The study considers a highly critical empirical emergency when the general-purpose traffic subspace may cease to be available at any time. The presented mathematical apparatus describes the impact of such an emergency on the active communication sessions supported by the system in receiving new incoming requests of increasing intensity. To characterize this emergency situation, expressions adapted for practical application are presented to calculate such qualitative parameters as the probability of stability, the probability of failure, and unavailability.

Automated Testing of Session Border Controller in Simulated Production Environment

Abstract: A Session Border Controller plays a crucial role in Unified Communications, Contact Centre Modernization and Cloud communication Services. Therefore, testing the functionality of SBC is extremely critical to the modern communication infrastructure. Testing various call scenarios through the SBC by manually making call through devices is cumbersome, timeconsuming and error-prone. Session Border Controller (SBC) devices sit in between a lot of traffic in a service provider or VoIP infrastructure and thus testing the SBC to see if all most relevant call scenarios are tested is a must in today’s production SBC environment. To enable an automated tested approach, we have simulated the setup of a real production environment SBC and tested the calls using SIPp scripts to test all the relevant VoIP call scenarios. This paper covers a methodology on how to test Session Border Controllers to be robust and reliable to be deployed in enterprise and service provider customers. This paper demonstrates how to make these simulated calls using automated scripts using an XML (eXtensibke Markup Language) based scripting tool called SIPp. To verify these tests, an opensource and free packet sniffer like Wireshark is used to follow through and check if all the intended calls have taken place. In this paper, we perform thirteen of the most relevant SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) calls by running scripts at the endpoints of our setup. The proposed approach of testing SBC makes the overall process of testing easier through automating via scripts and also allows a novice with basic understanding of the Session Initiation Protocol to test and debug issues related to the SBC faster

Smart City E-Governance Through Intelligent ICT Framework

The concept of Smart Cities was developed during the first decade of 21st century and the govt. of India has started the smart city mission since June, 2015. Smart city e-governance is an integral part of this paper and the deliverables are quite helpful for citizen centric services. The ‘smartness’ of a city is linked to the provision of city centric services, high quality of life and the proper utilization of available resources in tandem with the government, which helps through investments in citizens, transport and modern communication infrastructure (ICT) for sustainable economic development. This article aims at explaining the Smart City project design architecture, describing how city data is collected, transmitted, stored and processed using smart IoT devices, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques.

Coordinating energy management systems in smart cities with electric vehicles

The rapid proliferation of Electric Vehicles (EVs) creates an inherent link between the previously independent transport and power sectors. This is especially relevant in the smart cities paradigm, which focuses on optimizing resource management using modern software tools and communication infrastructures. The optimal management of energy resources is of key importance, and with mobile EVs playing a pivotal role in smart city power flows, the coordination of energy management systems (EMSs) at their parking locations can bear global benefits. In this study the coordination between home energy management systems (HEMSs) and EV parking lot management systems (PLEMS) is proposed, modeled, and simulated, as a new contribution to earlier studies. The EMSs coordinate through partially sharing individual EV schedules and without sharing private information. Missing information is completed through public cloud repositories and services. The HEMS and PLEMS are implemented using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). The proposed coordination framework is computationally implemented and simulated based on a real-life case study. The results show that the proposed EMS coordination framework is both technically beneficial for power grids and economically beneficial for EV owners.

Artificial Intelligence Technique and Wireless Sensor Networks in Energy Management System for Secure Power Optimization

The modern basic building blocks of a control system consist of data acquisition, dispensation of data by the system operators and the remote control of system devices. However, the physical controls, technical examinations and deductions were originally implemented to aid the process and control of power system design. The complexity of the power system keeps increasing due the technical improvements, diversity and dynamic requirements. Artificial intelligence is the science of automating intelligent activities presently attainable by individuals. Intelligent system techniques may be of excessive benefit in the application of area power system controls. Whereas smart grid can be measured as a modern electric power grid structure for better productivity and dependability via automatic control, excessive power converters, modern communications setup, sensing and metering equipment, and modern energy management techniques established on the optimization of demand, energy and network accessibility,and so on. The enormous depiction of the entire transmission grid, in the perspective of smart grids, is quite unclear; and in Nigeria no studies have been put on ground in order for the existing network to be turn into a smart grid. In this research work emphasis is placed on generation and transmission stations; power optimization using artificial intelligent techniques and wireless sensor networks for power control management system.

Communication Requirements for a Hybrid VSC Based HVDC/AC Transmission Networks State Estimation

The communication infrastructure of the modern Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system continues to enlarge, as hybrid High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)/Alternating Current (AC) networks emerge. A centralized SCADA faces challenges to meet the time requirements of the two different power networks topologies, such as employing the SCADA toolboxes for both grids. This paper presents the modern communication infrastructure and the time requirements of a centralized SCADA for hybrid HVDC/AC network. In addition, a case study of a complete cycle for a unified Weighted Least Squares (WLS) state estimation is tested on a hybrid HVDC/AC transmission network, based on Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The cycle estimates the elapsed times from the sensors up to the SCADA side, including the data acquisition and the WLS processing times. The case study is carried out on the Cigre B4 DC test case network with 43 virtual Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)s installed and 10 data concentrators, all connected through a fiber-based communication network. It is concluded that the time requirements can be fulfilled for a hybrid HVDC/AC network.

Sustainability in the Development of the Urban Eco-environment

The article considers the main parameters of the sustainable development of the urban environment as a basis for ecological development of the major Bulgarian Black Sea cities - Varna and Burgas. Based on the problems of urbanization in the post-totalitarian transition in Bulgaria, conclusions and findings are made about the nature and characteristics of the formed urban communities in the leading port cities of the Republic of Bulgaria in the Black Sea. The thesis is defended that the future development of our Black Sea cities should be based on environmental friendliness and sustainability. They should strive for a coastal fluidity, with a transition from one urban environment to another, with a panorama of a cultural collage that combines aspects of the ecological urban environment and architecture with the challenges of technology and modern transport and communication infrastructure. An attempt has been made to highlight the positive and negative changes in the development of the Black Sea cities over the last three decades. The main guidelines for the necessary changes in the regulatory aspect are presented. They should ensure the protection of the air, soil, water and nature of the Black Sea region.

MACHINE LEARNING AND IOT FOR SMART GRID

Abstract. The current electricity grid is no longer an efficient solution due to increasing user demand for electricity, old infrastructure and reliability issues requires a transformation to a better grid which is called Smart Grid (SG). Also, sensor networks and Internet of Things (IoT) have facilitated the evolution of traditional electric power distribution networks to new SG, these networks are a modern electricity grid infrastructure with increased efficiency and reliability with automated control, high power converters, modern communication infrastructure, sensing and measurement technologies and modern energy management techniques based on optimization of demand, energy and availability network. With all these elements, harnessing the science of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) methods become better used than before for prediction of energy consumption. In this work we present the SG with their architecture, the IoT with the component architecture and the Smart Meters (SM) which play a relevant role for the collection of information of electrical energy in real time, then we treat the most widely used ML methods for predicting electrical energy in buildings. Then we clarify the relationship and interaction between the different SG, IoT and ML elements through the design of a simple to understand model, composed of layers that are grouped into entities interacting with links. In this article we calculate a case of prediction of the electrical energy consumption of a real Dataset with the two methods Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), given their precision performances.

Optimal scheduling of resources for a price-maker distribution company in electricity markets considering network component failures

Electricity generation and storage resources, demand-side participation, along with modern communication infrastructure, have led distribution companies (DisCos) to increasingly play a strategic role in wholesale electricity markets. Although these resources have increased the security of power supply in modern distribution networks, this is still affected by random failures of distribution and sub-transmission network components. Therefore, the main issue that needs to be addressed is how the random failure of the components of the network has an impact on the performance of the strategic DisCos. In this paper, a new framework is proposed to assist a strategic DisCo to determine the strategy of purchasing electricity from the wholesale market and selling electricity to end-users, considering the failure of network components. The proposed model is designed as a stochastic bi-level optimization problem that, at the upper-level, aims at maximizing the expected profit of the DisCo, optimal decisions on the use of resources, and prices offered to the wholesale and retail markets are adopted. Distributed generation (DG) units, battery-based storage sysetm, demand response (DR) programs, and load curtailment (LC) are the resources of the DisCo. Random failures of components are modeled by a set of scenarios. The expected energy not supplied (EENS) is used as the reliability index. The lower-level problem involves the wholesale market clearing problem, with the aim of maximizing the social welfare in which the power allocated to DisCo as well as locational marginal prices (LMPs) are calculated. The model is recast to the MPEC model and then linearized to a MILP model by KKT optimality conditions and dual theorem. Simulations show that, due to the constraints in the distribution network, the failure of distribution and sub-transmission lines reduces the strategic role of the DisCo in the wholesale market. The proposed model can used for analyzing the behavior of strategic DisCos in electricity markets under uncertainty.

Smart mobility solutions – necessary precondition for a well-functioning smart city

Sustainable management of urban areas is becoming during the last decades, one of the most important challenges of the 21st century that resulted in the concept of “smart city“. The city can be defined as "smart" when social capital, traditional and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure encourage sustainable economic development and high quality of life. Smart Mobility is often highlighted as a key system without which the Smart City could not be sustainable. A number of smart solutions have been analyzed and implemented in the context of smart mobility/movement in the cities and beyond. Many of these solutions are based on IT and they include a vehicle navigation system, e-parking, e-ticket, info-mobility signalization, demand-responsive transport, car sharing, bike sharing, public transport live tracking but also some innovative solutions are not necessarily related to IT (walking bus). Smart Mobility Survey has been conducted in Croatia and Italy during 2017 with the aim to establish users’ opinion on a number of the above-mentioned solutions that have been lately used in the cities worldwide. The survey has examined the familiarity with such solutions, their current use, and future expectations of using smart solutions in everyday life. The results showed, among Croatian responders, more limitations in accepting new technological solutions for mobility in the future. This points to the need to have a more public debate about future mobility solutions and their benefits in order to bring them closer to the wider population.

Television as an important component of the media: information and communication potential

The article discusses the place and role of television in shaping the culture of the information soci- ety, explores the features of television as an important component of the media. The authors pay special attention to the relationship between the state’s info-communicative level and the successful implemen- tation of the communicative and educational functions of television. The purpose of the scientific article is to analyze the important modern functions of television, to study the processes of its transformation under the influence of modern technologies, and to forecast the preservation of information potential. The methodological basis of measuring the information impact of television on society is studied. The scientific and practical value of the study lies in determining the nature of the relationship be- tween the growing importance of television broadcasting and the needs of the audience. Humanity is getting used to living in an information society. As you know, in the documents of the World Summit, where the issues of the information society were discussed, new requirements for the means of mass communication were formulated. Including television, as the most popular media institute. The main results of the study. In the article, the authors analyze the communicative and enlighten- ing functions of television, identify the features of modern information and communication technologies that affect the formation of Kazakhstan’s information culture. The authors argue the importance of the cultural-forming function of television, while highlighting its educational features and gives the basic principles of its activities. The authors’ claims that the effective use of the educational functions of television and the benefits of new communication technologies require a high level of information culture of the society and the availability of modern information and communication infrastructure can be called a valuable conclusion to the work. In this paper, we study the problems of the functioning of Kazakhstani television in the context of the new legislation regulating the information policy of the state, taking into account the culture-forming, informational and educational properties of modern television. These recommendations can be used by domestic television channels to increase their potential in the new era and strengthen their influence in the system of relations between society and the state.

The Internet of Things for Smart Cities: Technologies and Applications

The articles in this special section focus on the application of the Internet of Things in smart cities. Smart cities are creating emerging innovation in academia, industry, and government. A city may be called “smart” when investments in human and social capital and traditional and modern communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with wise management of natural resources through participatory governance. A smart city is also defined as a city connecting the physical infrastructure, the ICT infrastructure, the social infrastructure, and the business infrastructure to leverage the collective intelligence of the city. Smart cities are usually established relying on both advanced infrastructures and modern information and communication technologies. The articles in this section cover the most recent research and development on the enabling technologies for IoTbased smart cities and to stimulate discussions on state-of-the-art and innovative aspects in the field.

Design and Implementation of a Cloud Based Energy Monitoring and Control System for Demand Response

In recent times energy policies have focused on migration to a low carbon economy to curb the adverse effects of greenhousegases. This has favoured the adoption of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy which are increasingly beinginstalled in large capacities. The intermittent and seasonal nature of renewable energy sources however presents a situationwhich requires a modification in the way the electricity grid is controlled. This has given rise to novel research in demand response; a component of the smart grid which leverages modern information and communication infrastructure available toimplement a power grid where the consumer plays a more active role than in the conventional grid. This paper draws inspirationfrom this novel concept to present the design and implementation of a cloud-based energy monitoring and control system fordemand response in which energy consumption can be monitored and controlled remotely via the internet.

Современное состояние рынка телекоммуникационных услуг Республики Мордовия

The article deals with the current state of the market of telecommunication services of the Republic of Mordovia, reveals the factors characterizing the market situation. On the example of the Republic of Mordovia the problem of telecommunication services market and priority directions of development are analyzed. The author substantiates the effectiveness of interaction of market factors and internal environment factors. The directions of further expansion of the market are offered and the General “risk zones” of the market of telecommunication services are investigated. The structure of the Russian telecommunications market and modern information and communication infrastructure in the Republic of Mordovia are analyzed.

The state of the art in peer review.

Scholarly communication is in a perpetual state of disruption. Within this, peer review of research articles remains an essential part of the formal publication process, distinguishing it from virtually all other modes of communication. In the last several years, there has been an explosive wave of innovation in peer review research, platforms, discussions, tools and services. This is largely coupled with the ongoing and parallel evolution of scholarly communication as it adapts to rapidly changing environments, within what is widely considered as the ‘open research’ or ‘open science’ movement. Here, we summarise the current ebb and flow around changes to peer review and consider its role in a modern digital research and communications infrastructure and suggest why uptake of new models of peer review appears to have been so low compared to what is often viewed as the ‘traditional’ method of peer review. Finally, we offer some insight into the potential futures of scholarly peer review and consider what impacts this might have on the broader scholarly research ecosystem. In particular, we focus on the key traits of certification and reputation, moderation and quality control and engagement incentives, and discuss how these interact with socio-technical aspects of peer review and academic culture.

Impact of modern communication infrastructure on productivity, production structure and factor demands of US industries: Impact revisited

This study investigates the contribution of modern communication infrastructure characterized by high speed broadband access network on the productivity growth, production structure and factor demands for US industries and for the aggregate economy. To evaluate such contribution, we modify the traditional cost function by incorporating communication infrastructure as input in production process in conjunction with other public infrastructures. The network externality and spillover effect of broadband access technology are captured by introducing broadband penetration rate as a shift factor in industry level production function. Empirical results show that the increased use of modern communications infrastructure increases the productivity of all industries with wide variations across industries. Estimated impacts on input demands show that increase in use of communications infrastructure service saves labor and materials and increase the demand for private capital. Finally, aggregate social rate of return on such investment has been estimated for policy implications.

The Religious ‘Persecutions’ in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and British Sympathy for Italian Nationalism, 1851–1853

AbstractThe history of British relations with the states of pre‐unification Italy is a neglected field of enquiry. The research that has been undertaken has tended to focus on the generally good relationship Britain shared with the Kingdom of Sardinia, the state which presided over Italy's national unification between 1859 and 1861. By contrast, the extent to which Britain's poor relations with the Papal States, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, and the impact that negative perceptions of those countries had upon the development of British sympathy for Italian nationalism, are little understood. This article on British reactions to what the Victorians perceived as religious ‘persecutions’ in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany begins to redress this imbalance. Tuscany was in many respects one of the more progressive states in the Italian peninsula. Its government was moderate compared with those at Naples and Rome, it was affluent and it invested in a modern communications infrastructure. However, during the years following the revolutionary upheaval of 1848–9, the Tuscan state's policy of religious retrenchment led to a sequence of events – some of which involved British subjects – which were perceived as examples of religious ‘persecution’ in Victorian Britain. British reactions to these events illustrate the extent to which religion could affect British foreign policy during the mid‐nineteenth century, and they help to explain the emergence of British sympathy for the Italian nationalist cause during the 1850s.