Human Civilization Research Articles

Applications of Nanotechnology in Modern Agriculture: A Review

Agriculture is the most important foundation for human civilization as it forms the basis of our food and the raw materials for several other products. Most of the people globally depend on agriculture for their survival and livelihood. Nanotechnology is finding its applications in all realms of life, thus invariably this technology is also playing a profound role in modern agriculture. This article explores how nanotechnology holds potential to revolutionize modern agriculture and provide a new approach towards effective crop management. Methods of improving crop nutrition, protection and production have also been discussed. Furthermore, it describe the uses of different nanoparticles (NP) such as silver nanoparticles (AgNP), Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NP), Chitosan NP, Carbon Nanotubes, Silicon nanoparticles (SiNP) etc. for their various applications in wastewater management, plant growth mechanisms, food packaging, antimicrobial agents and nanosensors etc.

Juridical Review Of Mediation Legal Products Outside Court In Connection With Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 Of 2016 Regarding Mediation Procedure In Court

<em>The social dynamics that stand up in recent times maintain to amplify so all of sudden that it has caused the formation of intense opposition schemes in all factors of life that involve stakes and social forces. Conflicts, disputes, and argumentative debates are one of the efforts made through humans to defend their stance and popularity inside the approach of conducting an hobby. Disputes stand up due to the truth there are several interests that conflict with every one of a kind. Basically, dispute resolution can be finished in methods, what's generally used is dispute resolution via the courts, then with the development of human civilization, dispute resolution outside the court has moreover advanced. The hassle is how the implementation of mediation outdoor the court is connected to Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Court and the way binding prison pressure is to the legal products because of mediation outdoor the court docket docket. The technique approach used is normative juridical approach. The result of the studies is article 36 wherein the parties without or with the help of a certified Mediator who efficiently treatment disputes outdoor the Court with a Settlement Agreement can put up a Settlement Agreement to the prepared Court to achieve a Settlement Deed by means of submitting a lawsuit and attached with a Settlement Agreement and files as evidence that suggests the legal relationship of the Parties with the object of the dispute and the peace agreement due to the mediation technique out of doors the court docket docket is best an regular settlement but in fact it's miles all sufficient and is finality.</em>

MXene/Carbon Nanocomposites for Water Treatment

One of the most critical problems faced by modern civilization is the depletion of freshwater resources due to their continuous consumption and contamination with different organic and inorganic pollutants. This paper considers the potential of already discovered MXenes in combination with carbon nanomaterials to address this problem. MXene appears to be a highly promising candidate for water purification due to its large surface area and electrochemical activity. However, the problems of swelling, stability, high cost, and scalability need to be overcome. The synthesis methods for MXene and its composites with graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and cellulose nanofibers, along with their structure, properties, and mechanisms for removing various pollutants from water, are described. This review discusses the synthesis methods, properties, and mechanisms of water purification using MXene and its composites. It also explores the fundamental aspects of MXene/carbon nanocomposites in various forms, such as membranes, aerogels, and textiles. A comparative analysis of the latest research on this topic shows the progress in this field and the limitations for the practical application of MXene/carbon nanocomposites to solve the problem of drinking water scarcity. Consequently, this review demonstrates the relevance and promise of the material and underscores the importance of further research and development of MXene/carbon nanocomposites to provide effective water treatment solutions.

Україна як європейська країна, що потерпає від збройної агресії, в інтерпретації польського поета Гаррі Дуди (на матеріалі двокнижжя«На очах у світу»)

The poetry of renowned Polish poet Harry Duda, known for his deep Christian worldview, journalistic flair, and expansive thinking, has been significantly influenced by the events in Ukraine since 2014. His work, often imbued with elements of voluntarism and militarism, reflects the ongoing struggle of Ukrainians for freedom and statehood. This article examines a two-volume edition of Duda’s lyrical works with the bilingual concept, «Na oczach świata (In the Eyes of the World)», translated into Ukrainian by Viktor Melnyk. This edition conveys the essence of Ukraine’s fight for liberty. In two chapters, the poet contemplates whether individuals are truly protected in modern society amidst threats, political regimes, and hybrid aggression. The book’s title invites readers to consider whether the global community is fulfilling its role in safeguarding democracy and freedom, or if it is ignoring such pleas. Through his rhymed and non-rhymed poems, Harry Duda captures the atmosphere of the Russia-Ukraine war, spanning from 2014 to 2022 and beyond, depicting scenes of wandering, suffering, death, trials, and tribulations. Harry Duda’s portrayal of Ukrainians is informed by the vivid reports of global media, conveying the historical context of their struggle for freedom and pinpointing the perpetrators of war, high mortality, torture, and ecological disasters within Europe. The poet rightly identifies the war initiated by the North-Eastern intervention against Ukraine as a war with Europe and the entire civilized world. This research aims to analyze the character development, figurative and symbolic elements, stylistic expressiveness, and emotional tones in Duda’s poems about 21st-century Ukraine. It addresses the challenges Ukraine faces due to existing geopolitical threats and seeks to uncover the profound artistic meanings and significance of poetry about cataclysms, conflicts, and wars in the context of building a harmonious human civilization.

Rural Migration and Gender Budget

In an era of globalization, economic or labor migration is on the rise. Due to lack of employment opportunities in developing countries and increased demands for low-wage workers in developed countries or states, youth, women and men are pursuing work in other countries or states in order to support themselves and their families back home. Migration is an equilibrium process which reduces regional disparities at a different stage of development and a process which is as old as human civilization. This makes it as important for sociologists to develop empirical research and analysis on migration as it is to include it in their theoretical understandings of contemporary society. The study of migration is linked to research on economic migration but has its own specific research topics, methodological problem and conceptual issues. Migration needs to be analyses as a social process in which human agency and social network play a major part. It gives rise to loss of state control, especially in the context of recent concerns about migration and securest. In this context, it is essential to question entire sociological approaches, which have been based on the principle of relatively autonomous national societies. This research paper has tried to explain that How to be stopped rural migration In Chhattisgarh. What is the role of gender budgeting in migration?

Trusted artificial intelligence for environmental assessments: An explainable high-precision model with multi-source big data

Environmental assessments are critical for ensuring the sustainable development of human civilization. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in these assessments has shown great promise, yet the "black box" nature of AI models often undermines trust due to the lack of transparency in their decision-making processes, even when these models demonstrate high accuracy. To address this challenge, we evaluated the performance of a transformer model against other AI approaches, utilizing extensive multivariate and spatiotemporal environmental datasets encompassing both natural and anthropogenic indicators. We further explored the application of saliency maps as a novel explainability tool in multi-source AI-driven environmental assessments, enabling the identification of individual indicators' contributions to the model's predictions. We find that the transformer model outperforms others, achieving an accuracy of about 98% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.891. Regionally, the environmental assessment values are predominantly classified as level II or III in the central and southwestern study areas, level IV in the northern region, and level V in the western region. Through explainability analysis, we identify that water hardness, total dissolved solids, and arsenic concentrations are the most influential indicators in the model. Our AI-driven environmental assessment model is accurate and explainable, offering actionable insights for targeted environmental management. Furthermore, this study advances the application of AI in environmental science by presenting a robust, explainable model that bridges the gap between machine learning and environmental governance, enhancing both understanding and trust in AI-assisted environmental assessments.

A sedimentary lipid biomarker record of Holocene temperature variations and drought events in northern China

Holocene hydroclimate changes are crucial not only for predicting future climate changes, but also for understanding their impacts on ancient societies. However, our knowledge about severe drought events in East Asia during the Holocene is largely fragmentary and the pattern of temperature changes is still uncertain. Here, we, for the first time, present high-resolution quantitative records of temperature and drought events in northern China throughout the Holocene from a well-dated loess-paleosol sequence (Weinan) on the southern Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). Our inferred temperatures, derived from glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), indicate that the early-to-mid Holocene experienced warm conditions, with temperatures ranging from ∼17.7 to 20.2 °C. This was followed by a cooler late Holocene, which contrasts with the results of climate model simulations. In addition, our hydroclimate record reveals that severe drought conditions occurred during both the early and late Holocene. These intensified drought events coincide with the demise of several Chinese dynasties. We propose that the colder climate during the late Holocene led to a strengthening of the East Asian winter monsoon and a weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon over northern China, as well as the southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), causing more severe drought conditions during the late Holocene compared to the early Holocene. Our results extend the East Asian Holocene climate records, highlighting the importance of understanding how hydroclimate extremes may have impacted human civilization in East Asia.

Education and its importance in the Vedic Era

Education is the main pillar of human civilization. India is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. In India, the first education system was established by sages during the Vedic period. Education was given considerable importance for the needs of the society.During the Vedic period, the Arya society had the Chaturashram system. These four Ashrams are – Brahmacharya, Garhasthya, Banaprastha and Sannyasa. After upanayana one had to practice celibacy and live as a disciple in the guru's house and receive education. Education or Vidya is of two types Paravidya and Aparavidya.

The Econometric Assessment of Correlation between Internet Connectivity and Economic Growth: the Case of the RA

It is impossible to envision modern life without the internet. The internet has become the primary game-changer in every aspect of life. Dating back to 1969, the internet has been widely operational, particularly in the last 20 years. So, what is the internet? It is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic devices. With the internet, accessing almost any information, communicating with anyone worldwide, and much more become possible. Internet can enable various services, it is the main pillar of modern civilization, it helps to foster digital transformation in a country.

Assessment of Functional Outcomes of Femur Treatment Using Modified Thoresen’s Criteria in Terms of Malalignment, Knee Motion, and Associated Symptoms

Comminuted fracture shaft of femur is increasing day by day due to Severe violence by road traffic accident and fall from height in modern civilization and intramedullary nailing sometimes technically not feasible in this type of fracture (AO type-32B3, 32C). Reaming may aggravate the comminution and displaced the comminuted fragments and sometimes difficult in segmental fracture involving metaphyseal region. To assessment of functional outcomes of femur treatment using modified Thoresen’s Criteria in terms of malalignment, knee motion, and associated symptoms. The study was carried out at the Dhaka medical college Hospital over a period of one and half year from September, 2016 to February, 2018. The total number of patients were 24. The mean age of the patients was 33.1±9.9 and the lowest and highest ages were 20-60 years respectively. Age of most (58%) of the patients were below 30 years. Three quarter of the patients (75%) were male and 37.5% were day labourer. Most of the patients (81%) were presented with right sided comminuted femoral shaft fracture. All of the injuries were closed type. In terms of type of fracture, AO type 32C2 were predominant (50%).AO type 32B3, 32C1,32C3 were 12.5%, 12.5% and 25%. Associated injury was found 6 patients that was 25% among 24 patients. Total duration of surgery <90 minute was taken in 41.5% and >90 minutes taken in 58.5% with mean deviation was 105 minutes and standard deviation was 19 minutes. 16 patients (67%) exhibited wide range of knee motion (>120), four (17%) patients slightly restricted knee motion (110-120), two patients (8%) moderately restricted knee motion (90-110) and two patients (8%) extremely restricted knee motion (<90). Evaluation of outcome by The Modified Thoresen’s criteria (1985) 6 months after intervention demonstrated that 29% of the patients had excellent outcome, 57% good outcome, 9.5% fair and 4.5% poor outcome. Assessment of Functional Outcomes of Femur Treatment Using Modified Thoresen’s Criter

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS KUPU-KUPU DI DESA BOMBA KECAMATAN LORE SELATAN KABUPATEN POSO

The Sintuwu Maroso KPH area, which is located in Bomba Village, South Lore District, has quite high biodiversity, one of which is butterflies. Butterflies are insects that belong to the order Lepidoptera. Butterflies play an important role in the ecosystem and maintain balance and enrich natural biodiversity. These insects are also important in agriculture, art, culture and human civilization. The Sintuwu Maroso KPH area, Bomba Village, South Lore District, Poso Regency, is a primary forest with maintained sustainability. Primary forest is a good place for butterfly habitat, so it is necessary to protect these butterflies. And research on these butterflies in the Sintuwu Maroso KPH area is still rare, as butterflies play an important role in plant pollination. Therefore, it is necessary to research the diversity of butterfly types. This research was carried out for 2 (two) months from October 2023 to November 2023, which took place in the KPH Sintuwu Maroso area, Bomba Village, South Lore District, Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi. Data collection and the number of individual types of butterflies used the Point Count method with eleven points. Data analysis used in the research is: species diversity index, species richness index, and species evenness index.

Characteristics and social significance of the civil service

The article is devoted to the problems of the categorical apparatus of the civil service in Ukraine. The civil service in our country is recognized as one of the most important institutions in the formation and development of Ukrainian statehood. It is from this institute that the quality of functioning of the social and political system as a whole and the solution of multifaceted tasks and functions of the modern state depend. Civil service has the greatest influence on the development of constitutional and legal formations and is the basis of state construction. It is argued that the civil service is a complex and multifunctional, legal and political institution, the essence of which is the performance by officials who are endowed with high professionalism, act in a complex relationship and in close interaction both among themselves and with other systemic entities, political forces, by public organizations and citizens, tasks and functions of the state within the legal field and in accordance with the authority granted to them to create social benefits, further development of social well-being and stability in the state. The most important features of the civil service are highlighted: the content of the civil service is an activity aimed at the practical implementation of tasks and functions of the state (analysis, development and implementation of state policy, ensuring the provision of affordable and high-quality administrative services, etc.); the public nature of this activity; professionalism; politically impartial character. It has been established that the priority of human rights and interests over the interests of the state should be the main feature of modern civil service. The goal of the civil service is disclosed, which consists in streamlining and increasing the efficiency of the processes of formation and implementation of state power and state administration, provided that responsibility for the performance of the powers of the position and social and economic guarantees of the civil service are combined. The main goals and tasks of the civil service have been defined in terms of ensuring the fair, effective and stable activity of state authorities in accordance with their powers and competence, aimed at protecting the rights and freedoms of people and citizens, as well as creating conditions for the development of civil society.

Analyzing and Viewing the Development of Construction of the Philosophical View of Positivism

Philosophy is a discipline that aims to seek truth by exploring answers to fundamental questions. In its endeavors, philosophy interacts with the evolving results of science, including schools such as Neo-Positivism. This research aims to analyze and understand the differences in research paradigms, especially in social science, with a focus on positivism, constructivism, and critical paradigms. In addition, this research also describes the positivism paradigm and its three basic assumptions: ontology, epistemology, and methodology. The method used is a literature study with a descriptive-qualitative approach. The results show that the Neo-Positivism paradigm has a significant influence in the development of science and human civilization. Positivism emphasizes that science is the only valid form of knowledge and only observable facts can be used as objects of study. Thus, positivism rejects the existence of forces beyond facts that can be tested empirically. The implication of this research lies in a deeper understanding of how research paradigms contribute to the formation of scientific theories as well as the application of science in people's lives.

Quantifying risk contagion of fluvial flood disaster chain

ABSTRACT The fluvial flood disaster (FFD) poses a great threat to human civilisation. The high water level can cause overtopping, piping, and even breach of the levees, which, in turn, further results in urban flood. These secondary disasters form a disaster chain with multipaths that amplify the risk of the fluvial flood. This work develops a stochastic multi-path network method to quantify the risk contagion for the FFD chain. First, the multi-path network structure for the chain was identified, characterised by reflecting the uncertainties of levee failure modes. Second, a model for the evolutionary probabilities of the chain was proposed by combining the directed network technique with the network structure. Finally, the systematic risk of the chain was quantified by considering the consequence of the disasters. A risk contagion factor was proposed to quantify the attenuation or amplification effect of the risk during the evolution of the chain. A case study in Huizhou, China, shows that the FFD chain is characterised by “small probability” but “extremely high risk”. The most likely path is overtopping-urban flooding, indicating the priority of the area is to heighten the levees. This work paves the way for a more entrepreneurial future on disaster prevention and mitigation.

Role of nutrition in orthopedic trauma and surgery-A prospective study

: Nutrition is an age-old issue of human civilization with approximately 40% undernourished hospitalized inpatients. This has effect on surgery as healthy individuals have better tolerance than malnourished patients. : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of nutrition on patients who had undergone different types of Orthopedics surgeries. This prospective research involved 200 participants who received various orthopedic surgeries at a tertiary care facility. The evaluation of nutritional status involved measuring anthropometric (BMI) and biochemical markers (pre-albumin and transferrin) before, after, and three months after surgery for various age groups, genders, comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension, as well as for complications like urinary tract infections and surgical wound dehiscence. Version 16 of the SPSS statistical analysis program was used for the analysis. Chi Square and the repeated variable ANNOVA test were the tests employed.: 113 patients were followed up prospectively with 4.42% under nourishment rate. Nutritional markers were statistically significant values at pre,post and at 3 months of post op. Diabetes and age more than 40 years were two important parameters affecting nutrition of patients undergoing different orthopedic surgeries. Surgical wound infection was not related to nutritional status of the patient in this study. Pre albumin was found to be a better predictor of nutrition than transferrin.: This study clearly showed that nutrition has tremendous impact on the outcome different orthopedics surgeries. But needs more extensive research with huge sample size to prove the same in a more accurate way.

PERKEMBANGAN HUKUM PERDATA DI INDONESIA TINJAUAN HISTORIS DAN KONTEKSTUAL

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Changes and developments in civil law occur because law is dynamic, and is also influenced by Human civilization is increasingly shifting day by day along with technological developments and global warming. Civil law is essentially closely related to internal strengthening control function that replaces the external supervision function. Modern civil development law because its basis is always related to the relationship between the government regime and community, thereby strengthening the participatory role of society in one aspect. One Forms of civil law modernization that are developing include, among others; Contract law, consumer protection law, and employment law, as a form of strengthening internal functions related to external control function.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Civil law, Developments, Change</p>

Silk Revolution: Redefining Sericulture through Application of Precise Nanotechnologies

Human civilization has been intertwined with sericulture—the art and science of producing silk for centuries. The application of nanotechnology to sericulture techniques has created new opportunities to improve the quantity, quality and use of silk in recent decades. This abstract examines the numerous applications of nanotechnology in sericulture, with particular attention on how it affects the quality of silk fibers, the procedures involved in producing silk and the creation of cutting-edge materials derived from silk. By providing comprehensive control over the properties of silk at the molecular and atomic levels, nanotechnology, defined as the manipulation of matter at the nano scale, has completely transformed the silk industry. Improving the health and growth of silkworms is one of the main application areas. Silver nanoparticles, for example have been used to fight illnesses and strengthen silkworm’s immune systems, boosting the insect’s resilience against illness and optimizing silk yield. Furthermore, silk fiber quality has increased largely in substantial measure by nanotechnology. The mechanical, thermal and optical characteristics of silk fibers have been altered by researchers by adding nanoparticles during the spinning process. For example, adding nanoparticles to silk can increase its tensile strength, making it more durable and appropriate for a variety of industrial uses. Similarly, silk can be given antibacterial qualities by adding nanoscale compounds, increasing its shelf life and possible uses in medical textiles. Furthermore, the production of sophisticated silk-based materials with distinctive functions has been made easier by nanotechnology. Nanocomposites, which consist of nanoparticles embedded in silk matrices, have unique characteristics like improved electrical conductivity, controlled drug release, and greater biocompatibility. Silk-based materials have emerged as a result of these developments, finding use both in wearable electronics and biomedical devices.

Geography Teachers' Competence in Utilizing Learning Resources at SMA Negeri 15 Central Maluku

Education has become a crucial pillar in human civilization, ensuring the transmission of knowledge, skills, and values from one generation to the next, ensuring the continuity and progress of society. With an anticipatory and preparatory approach, ideal education prepares the younger generation to face the future with critical thinking, innovation, and adaptability to change. The utilization of learning resources in SMA Negeri 15 Maluku Tengah still needs to be improved, influenced by the lack of teacher competence in effectively utilizing various learning resources. Although teaching resources such as textbooks, digital media, and practical experiences are available, the lack of teacher skills in integrating them into teaching reduces the effectiveness of education. Enhancing teacher competence in resource utilization strategies is essential to improve the quality of education in the school. This research employs a phenomenological approach to understand the meaning of interactions in specific situations, focusing on the competence of geography teachers in utilizing learning resources in SMA Negeri 15 Maluku Tengah. This qualitative descriptive study analyzes the availability and utilization of various learning resources and their impact on learning. The results will likely provide a deep understanding of effective strategies to enhance teachers' utilization of learning resources, thereby improving the quality of education in the school. Teachers at SMA Negeri 15 Maluku Tengah utilize various learning resources in geography lessons, including conventional media and additional ones like newspapers, videos, and the internet. However, the use of digital media still needs to be improved, although they demonstrate creativity in teaching methods and adaptation to student characteristics. Further integration of digital media can enrich students' learning experiences and prepare them for the digital era.

Assessment of a body force modeling approach to examine the aerodynamics of high bypass ratio fan stages

The primary focus of modern civil jet engine intake design is to enhance propulsive efficiency through an increase in the bypass ratio of the turbofan engine, which requires an enlargement in fan diameter. However, this enlargement results in increased weight and drag due to the need for a larger nacelle to surround the fan. To mitigate these issues, efforts are being made to shorten the axial length of the aircraft engine intakes. Nonetheless, this reduction leads to more vulnerable fan aerodynamics since the diffusion within the intake must occur over a shorter distance, causing a higher possibility of flow separation. Common intake design methods employ throughflow nacelle models that do not consider the aerodynamic effects of the fan, including blockage, mass flow redistribution, and suction. The utilization of a full annulus domain numerical setup, which is necessary to capture inlet distortions, demands excessive computational resources particularly during the design phase. As a result, reduced order models, such as the body force model, can be utilized to simulate fan intake aerodynamics. This paper will assess the body force model and its abilities by comparing conventional bladed single passage simulations with the body force approach.

Li-Sn Alloyed Layer Containing Artificial SEI on Li-Metal Anode for Superior Lithium Metal Batteries: Development and Understanding of Anode/Electrolyte Interfacial Phenomena

Modern civilization and cutting-edge technologies and tools are highly dependent on energy storage devices and demand efficient and long-lasting high-energy-density storage devices. Lithium metal batteries have surpassed their competitors concerning energy density due to their inherent high specific capacity (3860 mAh/g) and the lowest electrochemical potential (-3.04 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode), proving to be one of the most favorable energy storage devices for smart and mobile gadgets, electric automobiles, grid storage, etc. However, safety-threatening and performance-decay challenges associated with lithium metal anodes, such as lithium dendrite formation, uncontrolled parasitic reactions between Li-metal and electrolyte, low coulombic efficiency, dead Li-formation, etc., restrict its employment in practical batteries. The root cause of the dendrite formation is poor Li-ion conductivity of bulk lithium metal, which results in an uneven electric field distribution, leading to non-uniform Li deposition/stripping upon repeated charge/discharge. Herein, a facile chemical reduction process is being opted to fabricate a highly Li-ion diffusive Li-Sn-based artificial SEI layer on the lithium metal surface to prevail over the above-mentioned issues. Therefore, upon careful concentration investigation of reactants, 25 mM precursor concentration (SnCl4 in EC: DMC in 1:1 volume ration) demonstrated the best electrochemical performance, revealing a cumulative capacity of over 700 mAh/cm2 at a current density of 1 mA/cm2 for 1 h in a symmetric cell. Physical characterizations (XRD and SEM-EDS) showed a thin layer containing Li-Sn alloys along with LiCl formed at the lithium metal surface. Possessing high Li-ion diffusivity, Li-Sn alloyed hybrid anode illustrated a gradual decrease in the charge transfer resistance on increasing the concentration, thus, lower overpotential in symmetric cells, in contrast to pristine Li-metal. However, an increase in the electrical resistance has been observed on increasing the precursor concentration due to the presence of the insulating LiCl phase in the protective layer. Moreover, in-situ optical microscopy demonstrated more uniform and on-surface Li-deposition for the hybrid electrode, whereas mossy and dendritic growth on bare Li-metal. Full cells prepared with Li-Sn alloyed anode against NMC532 cathode illustrated stable cycling up to 150 cycles; contrastingly, the cell with pristine Li-metal showed a drastic capacity fade just after 100 cycles, demonstrating the inclination towards safer lithium metal batteries.