Development Of Modern Biotechnology Research Articles

THE LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON CONSUMER PROTECTION OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED FOOD PRODUCTS IN INDONESIA

The development of science and technology has triggered the use of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is the transplantation of genes into other genes, both between genes and across genes, to produce valuable products for living creatures. Genetically engineered food products, due to the development of modern biotechnology in the field of genetic engineering technology, have given rise to new legal problems because of the possibility of posing a risk to human health. This research uses a normative juridical approach with an emphasis on secondary data. This research uses doctrinal research methods. The research specifications used are analytical descriptive. The research results show that there is no special legal protection for consumers of genetically engineered food products, because it still refers to consumer protection contained in the UUPK. It should be noted that genetic effects resulting from human genetic engineering need legal protection. Protection and intellectual property rights, where everyone, individually or collectively, must be a consumer of goods and services, so the parties need equal legal protection. Therefore, the responsibility of producers of genetically engineered food products for consumer losses must be able to fulfill the principle of justice because the economic position of producers is higher than that of consumers. By implementing the principle of absolute responsibility, the producer responsibility law will foster an attitude of caution for producers of genetically engineered food products to maintain the quality of their products.

Retracted: The Impact of the Development of Modern Biotechnology and Nanotechnology on the Swimming Sports Industry

Retracted: The Impact of the Development of Modern Biotechnology and Nanotechnology on the Swimming Sports Industry

Evolution-strengthened knowledge graph enables predicting the targetability and druggability of genes.

Identifying promising targets is a critical step in modern drug discovery, with causative genes of diseases that are an important source of successful targets. Previous studies have found that the pathogeneses of various diseases are closely related to the evolutionary events of organisms. Accordingly, evolutionary knowledge can facilitate the prediction of causative genes and further accelerate target identification. With the development of modern biotechnology, massive biomedical data have been accumulated, and knowledge graphs (KGs) have emerged as a powerful approach for integrating and utilizing vast amounts of data. In this study, we constructed an evolution-strengthened knowledge graph (ESKG) and validated applications of ESKG in the identification of causative genes. More importantly, we developed an ESKG-based machine learning model named GraphEvo, which can effectively predict the targetability and the druggability of genes. We further investigated the explainability of the ESKG in druggability prediction by dissecting the evolutionary hallmarks of successful targets. Our study highlights the importance of evolutionary knowledge in biomedical research and demonstrates the potential power of ESKG in promising target identification. The data set of ESKG and the code of GraphEvo can be downloaded from https://github.com/Zhankun-Xiong/GraphEvo.

Advances in cold-adapted enzymes derived from microorganisms.

Cold-adapted enzymes, produced in cold-adapted organisms, are a class of enzyme with catalytic activity at low temperatures, high temperature sensitivity, and the ability to adapt to cold stimulation. These enzymes are largely derived from animals, plants, and microorganisms in polar areas, mountains, and the deep sea. With the rapid development of modern biotechnology, cold-adapted enzymes have been implemented in human and other animal food production, the protection and restoration of environments, and fundamental biological research, among other areas. Cold-adapted enzymes derived from microorganisms have attracted much attention because of their short production cycles, high yield, and simple separation and purification, compared with cold-adapted enzymes derived from plants and animals. In this review we discuss various types of cold-adapted enzyme from cold-adapted microorganisms, along with associated applications, catalytic mechanisms, and molecular modification methods, to establish foundation for the theoretical research and application of cold-adapted enzymes.

Biotechnology in Future Food Lipids: Opportunities and Challenges.

Lipids are a large group of essential nutrients in daily diets that provide energy and maintain various physiological functions. As the global population is rapidly expanding, there is an urgent need to enhance the production and quality of food lipids. The development of modern biotechnology allows the manipulation of oil production in plants and microorganisms and the improvement of the nutritional value of food lipids. Various metabolic engineering strategies have been exploited to increase oil production and produce value-added oils in traditional oil crops and other novel lipid sources (e.g., plant vegetative tissues, microalgae, and oleaginous microorganisms). Furthermore, natural lipid structures can be modified by lipases to prepare functional lipids, e.g., diacylglycerols, medium-long-medium-type structured triacylglycerols, human milk-fat substitutes, and structuralphospholipids, for specific nutritional demands. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in metabolic engineering of lipid production in plants and microorganisms, and the preparation of functional lipids via biocatalysis.

Petri-plate, bacteria, and laser optical scattering sensor.

Classical microbiology has paved the path forward for the development of modern biotechnology and microbial biosensing platforms. Microbial culturing and isolation using the Petri plate revolutionized the field of microbiology. In 1887, Julius Richard Petri invented possibly the most important tool in microbiology, the Petri plate, which continues to have a profound impact not only on reliably isolating, identifying, and studying microorganisms but also manipulating a microbe to study gene expression, virulence properties, antibiotic resistance, and production of drugs, enzymes, and foods. Before the recent advances in gene sequencing, microbial identification for diagnosis relied upon the hierarchal testing of a pure culture isolate. Direct detection and identification of isolated bacterial colonies on a Petri plate with a sensing device has the potential for revolutionizing further development in microbiology including gene sequencing, pathogenicity study, antibiotic susceptibility testing , and for characterizing industrially beneficial traits. An optical scattering sensor designated BARDOT (bacterial rapid detection using optical scattering technology) that uses a red-diode laser, developed at the beginning of the 21st century at Purdue University, some 220 years after the Petri-plate discovery can identify and study bacteria directly on the plate as a diagnostic tool akin to Raman scattering and hyperspectral imaging systems for application in clinical and food microbiology laboratories.

The 3Rs principles and genetic pain disenhancement

AbstractWilliam Russell and Rex Burch's 3Rs principles were developed 1959 before animal ethics emerged as a scientific discipline in the 1970s and before many ground-breaking developments in modern biotechnology, such as genetic engineering. From this starting point we sought to analyse the normative foundations of the 3Rs principles in contemporary terms and concepts of animal ethics. After establishing the normative groundwork of the 3Rs, we will look at their practical implications within the context of present-day biotechnology. To this end, we shall investigate whether the genetic disenhancement of research animals to limit their ability to feel pain (GPD) complies with the original 3Rs principles. We use GPD as a practical example, since it is being discussed today as a promising way of solving one of the key moral issues raised by animal research, notably animal pain and suffering. By discussing GPD in the context of the 3Rs we aim also not only to gain insights into whether GPD is compatible with one or more of the 3Rs, but also to develop a better understanding of the specific normative foundation of the 3Rs principles and the conceptual limitations and practical implications of that foundation. We argue that reducing moral concerns about animal research to those that are intelligible within a sentientist framework (eg harm and suffering), as the 3Rs do, represents an oversimplification of the moral issues involved. We suggest that interference with abilities, instrumentalisation, flourishing, and death are all important aspects of animal ethics requiring consideration.

Fundaments and Concepts on Screening of Microorganisms for Biotechnological Applications. Mini Review

Microbial biotechnology uses microorganisms and their derivatives to generate industrial and/or environmental products that impact daily life. Modern biotechnology uses proteomics, metabolomics, quantum processors, and massive sequencing methods to yield promising results with microorganisms. However, the fundamental concepts of microbial biotechnology focus on the specific search for microorganisms from natural sources and their correct analysis to implement large-scale processes. This mini-review focuses on the methods used for the isolation and selection of microorganisms with biotechnological potential to empathize the importance of these concepts in microbial biotechnology. In this work, a review of the state of the art in recent years on the selection and characterization of microorganisms with a basic approach to understanding the importance of fundamental concepts in the field of biotechnology was carried out. The proper selection of isolation sources and the design of suitable selection criteria according to the desired activity have generated substantial changes in the development of biotechnology for more than three decades. Some examples include Taq polymerase in the PCR method and CRISPR technology. The objective of this mini review is to establish general ideas for the screening of microorganisms based on basic concepts of biotechnology that are left aside in several articles and maintain the importance of the basic concepts that this implies in the development of modern biotechnology.

Research progress of precision nursing

<p indent="0mm">With the rapid development of modern biotechnology, such as multi-omics and bioinformatics, precision nursing (PN) has become the forefront of nursing research recently. With a focus on individualized health, PN fully considers interactions between individual genes, environmental exposure, living habits, and other factors. It also explores the occurrence mechanism and regulation path of health problems, which is important to promote nursing theory and technological innovation and further improve human health. This review introduced the origin, definition, and development of PN and sorted out the research frontiers of PN in symptom science, health management, clinical nursing decision-making, and innovation. We also emphasize the future development of PN from the aspects of systematic planning of research direction, strengthening the construction of support platforms, increasing personnel training, and improving management standards to provide a reference for promoting new developments in the field of nursing.

Principles of somatic human rights as a basis for their implementation in the development of modern biotechnology

The article emphasizes that the creation and use of new technologies have a twofold impact on human rights. Technical and technological development makes it possible to increase labor productivity, which leads to the strengthening of the economy, raising living standards. In addition, the widespread use of new medical and biotechnologies improves the quality and duration of life. The gap between the emergence and further improvement of new technologies and the pace of social change continues to widen, which is a problem for finding consensual social norms, their assessment by society and their formulation as legislation. In these circumstances, it is difficult to develop effective legal regulation of emerging social relations. At the same time, a balance must be struck between a certain breadth of regulatory boundaries for the free development of technology and research and the normative establishment of restrictions and prohibitions to prevent risks and threats to the human person, his dignity and rights. In view of this, the human rights system serves as such a legal mechanism, as it has the opportunity to offer legal approaches to regulate the use of new technologies, taking into account the traditional values of recognizing the superiority of the human person and his rights. It is concluded that the practice of using human rights remedies in the field of genetic research, features of genetic information (may belong not only to the individual but also to the community, not limited to medical issues), the possible emergence of new objects of protection (e.g. human embryo) raise the issue of the formulation of special rights, which is part of the system of constitutional human rights in Ukraine. However, not all of the above- mentioned human rights, which follow from the provisions of international legal acts regulating genomic research, are formulated in the list of current human rights in Ukraine. Key words: human rights, generation of human rights, somatic rights, principles of law, rule of law, system, hierarchy, legal regulation.

The Impact of the Development of Modern Biotechnology and Nanotechnology on the Swimming Sports Industry

In today’s world, science and technology are developing rapidly, which has had a broad and profound impact on human society. After entering the twenty-first century, every ordinary person can feel the profound changes brought by modern science and technology to people’s daily life. In today’s society, the global economy is developing faster and faster, and the demand for sports is also increasing, bringing more and more consumers, which makes the sports industry an emerging industry with unlimited potential and expanding scale in the industrial economy. As one of the important events of modern competitive sports, swimming provides many opportunities and platforms for the development of Chinese competitive sports. Today, swimming is not only an Olympic sport but also a popular sport. Modern biotechnology and nanotechnology have an impact on all of our lives, but like other advanced technologies, their development inevitably involves uncertainty. This article focuses on the integration of nanotechnology and biotechnology to produce nanobiotechnology, the use of nanotechnology to address swimmers’ bodily functions, and the impact of its development on the field of swimming. The results found that compared with the normal group, the experimental group had an increase in the indexes of rest-fatigue-recovery stages, and the MPF value at rest increased significantly, from 90.1 to 111.3. As a popular sport among the people, swimming has also shown significant growth in the development of its social organization.

Ecological Environment and Pollution Control under the Influence of Modern Biotechnology Development

Ecological Environment and Pollution Control under the Influence of Modern Biotechnology Development

Thoughts on teaching reform of Biologicology

With the rapid development of modern biotechnology, the cultivation of high-quality biotechnology talents has received more and more attention. The course of Biologicology is a core subject that students majoring in biology should master. However, Biologicology is a new subject, and its teaching content and teaching methods are at the exploratory stage. Based on the current teaching status and existing problems of the Biologicology course, we propose teaching reforms in terms of teaching content, teaching methods and assessment methods, to lay a firm foundation for the further teaching efficacy of Biologicology course and increasing students' interest in learning.

Cloning and Human Identity: With a Focus on Charlotte Kerner’s Blueprint

In this article, I would like to examine the problems of cloning and the crisis of human identity felt by cloning humans, focusing on Charlotte Kerner’s Blueprint(2000). As biotechnology advances, the issue of human cloning is constantly raised, and concerns are increasing. No matter how human cloning is intended for therapeutic purposes, they are concerned that the results could go in a different direction. Even if human cloning prioritizes the purpose of treatment, it can have a negative effect on the society in which we live. The rapid development of modern biotechnology is causing various bioethics problems. It is time for society to think about solutions that can be research for therapeutic purposes, such as incurable diseases, while addressing concerns about bioethics. The identity problems that can arise when cloned humans live with us should also be considered, and the dignity and value of human beings should be respected and protected as much as possible because cloned humans have equal lives like us. All human beings, including cloned humans, deserve respect and should not be a means for other human beings. And everyone related to biotechnology should actively discuss to establish ethical and legal regulations that can encourage the medical benefits that the advancement of biotechnology gives to humanity and minimize dysfunction.

Factors that Influence Acceptance of GM Labels on Halal Food Among Muslim Consumers

Genetically modified (GM) foods are produced from the development of modern biotechnology and gene combinations of the same or different species. GM foods have become an important issue among Muslim consumers in consuming halalan toyyiban food produced from GM foods. This in line with the decision of Muslim consumers in the selection of halal food that is closely related to faith, religion, and culture in the Islamic society. Labeling on food packaging is an important indicator of every food product in the market by Muslim consumers to determine the halalness of a food product. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine factors that influence acceptance of GM labels on halal food among Muslim consumers. By using purposive sampling, 320 Muslim consumers were selected located in Klang Valley, Malaysia. An interviewer-administered questionnaire with the target consumers was carried out to obtain consumers’ responses. Several analyses were employed to analyze the data namely descriptive analysis, Chi-square analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and factor analysis. The results of this study revealed that the majority of Muslim consumers were not aware of GM labels on halal food. There were significant associations between age, education level, and monthly income and Muslim consumers’ acceptance of GM labels on halal food. The relationship between awareness and acceptance showed a weak positive relationship. This study also revealed labeling characteristics, religious belief, and health concern are the three factors that influenced Muslim consumers’ acceptance of GM labeling on halal food. This study emphasizes that a continuous encouragement to food manufacturers in providing and displaying proper labeling on food products would assist Muslim consumers to enhance their awareness and acceptance of GM labels.

Http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/148

Genetics is the study of heredity principles and their relative mechanisms or the process of traits are transferred from parents to next generations. Biotechnologists can help the families to solves their problems by means of assisted reproduction and allied technologies offering new horizons of understanding the kinship. Also suggest the possible strategies to manage the inherited incidences related to kinship. As for fruitful productivity of genetic engineering, religion should be intrinsically compatible. Biotechnology attempts to explain the reality and basic principles of human inheritance by means of DNA sequences. Describing the Islamic worldview on counselling the importance of inheritance is a comprehensive approach to familiarise the ummah. For this, genetics could be a holistic and universal tool to begin with. In this paper, the principle sources of Islamic Shariah law are al-Quran and Sunnah along with other Islamic principles such as ijmaa with Qawaid Fiqhiyyah and Maqasid al-Shariah will also be applied to frame the scope of genetics in Islamic ethical guidelines. Such guidelines could be used to brief the many segments of society such as students, general public, biologists, law enforcement agencies and regulating stakeholders. These guidelines will deliver a comprehensive, practical and applicable view on Islamic law while welcoming the latest discoveries of genetic engineering and advanced biotechnology. In conclusion, genetics with Islamic ethics is the most appropriate platform to brief and guide the society on the adequacy of current genetics and modern biotechnology development, while focusing on the science of genetics and applying it to our lives with an Islamic perspective.

Development of Mechanically Enhanced Polycaprolactone Composites by a Functionalized Titanate Nanofiller for Melt Electrowriting in 3D Printing.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are widely applied in various industries and research fields and are currently the subject of intensive investigation and development. However, high-performance materials that are suitable for 3D printing are still in short supply, which is a major limitation for 3D printing, particularly for biomedical applications. The physicochemical properties of single constituent materials may not be sufficient to meet the needs of modern biotechnology development and production. To enhance the materials' performance and broaden their applications, this work designed and tested a series of titanate nanofiller (nanowire and nanotube)-enhanced polycaprolactone (PCL) composites that were 3D-printable and provided superior mechanical properties. By grafting two different functional groups (phenyl- and thiol-terminated ligands), the nanofiller surface showed improved hydrophobicity, which significantly improved their dispersion in the PCL matrix. After characterizing the surface modification, we evaluated the significance of the homogeneity of the ceramic nanofiller in terms of printability, formability, and mechanical strength. Melt electrowriting additive manufacturing was used to fabricate microfibers of PCL and PCL/nanofiller composites. Improved nanofiller dispersion enabled intact and uniform sample morphology, and in contrast, nanofiller aggregation greatly varied the viscosity during the printing process, which could result in poorly printed structures. Importantly, the modified ceramic/PCL composite delivered enhanced and stable mechanical properties, where its Young's modulus was measured to be 1.67 GPa, which is more than 7 times higher compared to that of pristine PCL (0.22 GPa). Retaining the cell safety properties (comparable to PCL), the concept of enhancing biocompatible polymers with modified nanofillers shows great potential in the field of customized 3D printing for biomedicine.

The Current Status, Trend, and Development Strategies of Chinese Biopharmaceutical Industry With a Challenging Perspective

Biopharmaceutical technology is one of the most promising biotechnologies in the world. With the development of modern biotechnology, biopharmaceuticals are thriving and developing rapidly as a global high-tech biotechnology industry, bringing the unprecedented market prospects to biopharmaceuticals in China and the world. Today, world is witnessing that Chinese biopharmaceutical industry is booming and growing up. The national biopharmaceutical industry of China, especially the development and industrialization of biological medicines with genetic engineering drugs as its core fields, has already reached a certain market scale after over 20 years of development. The biopharmaceutical industry will be one of the most active economic sectors in China, whereas the biotechnological revolution with modern biopharmaceutical technology has become the lifeblood of maintaining human health and food safety in the future. The article systematically analyzed and evaluated the current status and trend and explored the main existing problems of Chinese biopharmaceutical industry with some development strategies in a challenging perspective. It probes into Chinese biopharmaceutical industry and its bases too. The future development prospects of Chinese national biopharmaceutical industry are much optimistic but challenging.

Development and application of in-situ microscopy in on-line monitoring of cell biomass

With the rapid development of modern biotechnology, fermentation process is increasingly important in industrial production. To guarantee the stability of products, fermentation process should be elaborately monitored and controlled. Biomass is an important parameter for on-line monitoring in bioprocesses because biomass can reflect cell growth in a bioreactor directly. In-situ microscope, a non-invasive and image-analysis based technology, can real-time monitor cells in biological process. This review summarizes the development and application of in-situ microscopy in biomass monitoring.

Research progress in human symbiotic bacteria and their antibacterial molecules

With the emergence and globally spread of drug-resistant bacteria, the discovery and development of new antibacterial drugs is imminent. The symbiotic bacteria distributed in different parts of the body can produce a variety of antibacterial molecules to inhibit the colonization and infection of pathogenic bacteria. Human symbiotic bacteria provide a potential treasure house of resource for the research and development of new drugs with broad new molecular structures and action mechanism. With the further development of bioinformatics tools, synthetic biology and omics technology such as genomics, the mining of human symbiotic bacteria antibacterial molecules will be more in-depth and provide an effective way to solve the problem of drug resistance. Here, we review the antimicrobial molecules produced by human symbiotic bacteria and introduce several methods to explore the resources of natural antibacterial drugs. With the development of modern biotechnology, the antimicrobial molecules of human symbiotic bacteria will be more comprehensively and systematically explored and applied.