Modern Biomedical Technologies Research Articles

Applying Spatiotemporal Modeling of Cell Dynamics to Accelerate Drug Development.

Cells act as physical computational programs that utilize input signals to orchestrate molecule-level protein-protein interactions (PPIs), generating and responding to forces, ultimately shaping all of the physiological and pathophysiological behaviors. Genome editing and molecule drugs targeting PPIs hold great promise for the treatments of diseases. Linking genes and molecular drugs with protein-performed cellular behaviors is a key yet challenging issue due to the wide range of spatial and temporal scales involved. Building predictive spatiotemporal modeling systems that can describe the dynamic behaviors of cells intervened by genome editing and molecular drugs at the intersection of biology, chemistry, physics, and computer science will greatly accelerate pharmaceutical advances. Here, we review the mechanical roles of cytoskeletal proteins in orchestrating cellular behaviors alongside significant advancements in biophysical modeling while also addressing the limitations in these models. Then, by integrating generative artificial intelligence (AI) with spatiotemporal multiscale biophysical modeling, we propose a computational pipeline for developing virtual cells, which can simulate and evaluate the therapeutic effects of drugs and genome editing technologies on various cell dynamic behaviors and could have broad biomedical applications. Such virtual cell modeling systems might revolutionize modern biomedical engineering by moving most of the painstaking wet-laboratory effort to computer simulations, substantially saving time and alleviating the financial burden for pharmaceutical industries.

Modern Biomedical Technologies versus Emerging Pathogenic Microbes: Insights into the Confronting Situation

Modern Biomedical Technologies versus Emerging Pathogenic Microbes: Insights into the Confronting Situation

Innovative approaches for coronary heart disease management: integrating biomedical sensors, deep learning, and stellate ganglion modulation

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a significant global health concern, necessitating continuous advancements in treatment modalities to improve patient outcomes. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers alternative therapeutic approaches, but integration with modern biomedical technologies remains relatively unexplored. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a combined treatment approach for CHD, integrating traditional Chinese medicinal interventions with modern biomedical sensors and stellate ganglion modulation. The objective was to evaluate the impact of this combined treatment on symptom relief, clinical outcomes, hemorheological indicators, and inflammatory biomarkers. A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 117 CHD patients with phlegm-turbidity congestion and excessiveness type. Patients were divided into a combined treatment group (CTG) and a traditional Chinese medicinal group (CMG). The CTG group received a combination of herbal decoctions, thread-embedding therapy, and stellate ganglion modulation, while the CMG group only received traditional herbal decoctions. The CTG demonstrated superior outcomes compared to the CMG across multiple parameters. Significant reductions in TCM symptom scores, improved clinical effects, reduced angina manifestation, favorable changes in hemorheological indicators, and decreased serum inflammatory biomarkers were observed in the CTG post-intervention. The combination of traditional Chinese medicinal interventions with modern biomedical sensors and stellate ganglion modulation has shown promising results in improving symptoms, clinical outcomes, and inflammatory markers in CHD patients. This holistic approach enhances treatment efficacy and patient outcomes. Further research and advancements in sensor technology are needed to optimize this approach.

The potential of a novel enzyme-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor for direct detection of dopamine

Dopamine is one of the significant neurotransmitters and its monitoring in biological fluids is a critical issue in healthcare and modern biomedical technology. Here, we have developed a dopamine biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). For this purpose, the carboxymethyl dextran SPR chip was used as a surface to immobilize laccase as a bioaffinity recognition element. Data analysis exhibited that the acidic pH value is the optimal condition for dopamine interaction. Calculated kinetic affinity (KD) (48,545 nM), obtained from a molecular docking study, showed strong association of dopamine with the active site of laccase. The biosensor exhibited a linearity from 0.01 to 189 μg/ml and a lower detection limit of 0.1 ng/ml (signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 3) that is significantly higher than the most direct dopamine detecting sensors reported so far. Experiments for specificity in the presence of compounds that can co-exist with dopamine detection such as ascorbic acid, urea and l-dopa showed no significant interference. The current dopamine biosensor with high sensitivity and specificity, represent a novel detection tool that offers a label-free, simple procedure and cost effective monitoring system.

Evaluation of the efficiency and accuracy of the system for collecting and processing EMG signals obtained using a bracelet

The object of research is a bracelet that uses the electromyography (EMG) method to control a bionic prosthesis. In the conditions of the development of modern biomedical technologies and robotics, such a system becomes key to improving the quality of life of people with disabilities, providing efficient and accurate control of prostheses. The problem addressed in the research is the development and analysis of a bionic prosthesis control system using a bracelet using the EMG method. The main focus is on the optimization of data collection and processing processes, as well as the development of machine learning algorithms for gesture recognition in order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of prosthetic control. The essence of the obtained results is the development and testing of a new bionic prosthesis control system that uses EMG signals obtained with the help of a bracelet. The study showed that the classifier based on the support vector method outperforms other algorithms such as neural networks and decision trees, achieving an average accuracy of 90 %. The obtained data were successfully filtered and subjected to feature extraction, which allowed to create effective gesture recognition algorithms. The system was tested in real time, which confirmed its high accuracy and efficiency. The proposed system includes an innovative bracelet for collecting EMG data, which are then processed and analyzed using modern machine learning algorithms. The innovativeness of the proposed approach lies not only in the high accuracy of gesture recognition, but also in the possibility of adapting the system to different types of bionic prostheses and operating conditions. This is achieved by using a classifier based on the support vector method, which demonstrates significantly higher accuracy compared to other algorithms such as neural networks and decision trees. The test results show an average accuracy of 92.5 %, which confirms the high efficiency of the system. The use of this system involves the intensive use of EMG sensors, which allows more accurate determination of the user's intentions regarding the control of the prosthesis. This, in turn, contributes to the improvement of the quality of life of users, providing them with greater functionality and convenience in the use of bionic prostheses.

The effect of magnetic field on the orientational ordering of easy magnetization axes in superparamagnetic nanoparticles

The active use of nanoparticles in modern biomedical applications and technologies requires reliable theoretical models capable of predicting physical properties. The effect of a static magnetic field on the orientational ordering of the easy magnetization axes in an ensemble of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SNPs) is studied using a combination of statistical-mechanical theory and computer simulations. The magnetic dipole-dipole interaction between particles is taken into account within the framework of the modified mean-field approach. The alignment distributions of the easy magnetization axes of the SNPs and the static magnetic characteristics of the ferrocomposite are analyzed. The presence of even weak interparticle magneto-dipole interactions results in a notable enhancement of the magnetic susceptibility of the ferrocomposite.

Long-term preservation of the effect of immunotherapy with pembrolizumab as a second line treatment for recurrent skin melanoma

Over the past two decades, the medical community around the world has been not only a witness, but an active participant in the global transformation of healthcare taking place against the backdrop of the rapid development of modern biomedical technologies. Of course, within the framework of these transformations, several quite independent directions can be distinguished. However, most of them, one way or another, can be united by the concept of “personalized medicine”, which is the subject of discussion among doctors of all specialties, which emphasizes its undoubted relevance. One of the clearest confirmations of this is the rapid growth in the number of review publications devoted to the consideration of issues of a personalized approach in medicine. Using the example of one of the most unpredictable tumors – skin melanoma – in recent years, expressive data have been obtained indicating the effectiveness of individual approaches, personalization of treatment as a result of the use of timely, gene-molecular studies. Despite the fact that in most cases melanoma is localized on the skin and, with a certain degree of oncological alertness, can be detected in the early stages, statistics indicate disappointing facts about the advanced state of the disease. Over the past 40 years, the incidence has increased by 300%. The possibilities of targeted and immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma in patients with an advanced and unresectable stage of the disease allow long-term effective control of the disease and its symptoms.

A study on the normative path of ethics review in China: based on the perspective of Panopticism.

Modern biomedical technology is in an era of dramatic development, which brings unprecedented challenges to the work of ethics review and provides a turning point for the construction of ethics review system. The current ethics review committee (ERC) in China is executed with low efficiency and quality, which can hardly meet the current needs of biomedical research involving human beings. This paper summarizes the main connotations and roles of the sign system technique and the discipline mechanism through the idea of Foucault's Panopticism, and proposes to incorporate the Panopticism into the construction of the ethics review system and establish the sign system and discipline mechanism of ethics review, in order to build an ethics review system and the operation system of the ethics review committee suitable for China's national conditions.

Elemene Antitumor Drugs Development Based on "Molecular Compatibility Theory" and Clinical Application: A Retrospective and Prospective Outlook.

Elemene, derived from Curcuma wenyujin, one of the "8 famous genuine medicinal materials of Zhejiang province," exhibits remarkable antitumor activity. It has gained wide recognition in clinical practice for effectiveness on tumors. Dr. XIE Tian, introduced the innovative concept of "molecular compatibility theory" by combining Chinese medicine principles, specifically the "monarch, minister, assistant, and envoy" theory, with modern biomedical technology. This groundbreaking approach, along with a systematic analysis of Chinese medicine and modern biomedical knowledge, led to the development of elemene nanoliposome formulations. These novel formulations offer numerous advantages, including low toxicity, well-defined composition, synergistic effects on multiple targets, and excellent biocompatibility. Following the principles of the "molecular compatibility theory", further exploration of cancer treatment strategies and methods based on elemene was undertaken. This comprehensive review consolidates the current understanding of elemene's potential antitumor mechanisms, recent clinical investigations, advancements in drug delivery systems, and structural modifications. The ultimate goal of this review is to establish a solid theoretical foundation for researchers, empowering them to develop more effective antitumor drugs based on the principles of "molecular compatibility theory".

History of development of legal regulation of biomedical research

This article analyzes the historical development of medical experiments and biomedical research, as well as their subsequent regulatory consolidation. Medical experiments originate from the I century BC, gradually transforming into biomedical research, taking into account the progressive development of science and the emergence of new and emerging technologies. The article presents various stages of legal regulation of research both in the Russian Federation and abroad. Much attention is paid to the legal regulation of genomic research as a modern type of biomedical research. The author comes to the conclusion that the legal regulation of medical experiments and biomedical research has a long history, however, at the present stage, legislation mainly regulates certain areas, and there is also no general regulatory approach to the achievements of modern biomedical technologies.

Mathematical modeling of critical phenomena in biomedical systems

According to the differential-topological approach, the spaces in which the conditions of stable and unstable phase are fulfilled are determined on the phase diagram of the existence of the CRISPR-systems, and the fulfillment of the conditions of the existence of the second-order critical space is investigated. The methods of mathematical modeling of critical phenomena in multicomponent systems, which have the prospect of use in modern biomedical and gene technologies, are applied. The proposed method involves modeling the states of the CRISPR-systems by systems of equations and inequalities containing potential functions of the system state that depend on several variables. The purpose of the modeling is to determine the stability spaces, bifurcations and spaces of simultaneous coexistence of several phases of the studied system. In the investigated area of the phase diagram of the CRISPR-systems, the existence of a stable and an unstable phase was determined. The position of the spaces of the phase diagram in which the conditions for the existence of a stable and unstable phase, i.e. bifurcation space, are fulfilled are found. It was found that there are no spaces of the phase diagram in which the condition of simultaneous coexistence of two phases is fulfilled. From this, it is concluded that in the studied space of the phase diagram, the system does not tend to disintegrate into two coexisting phases. The simulation results can be used to analyze the stability of the CRISPR-systems under different conditions of synthesis and operation.

Time–frequency analysis of laser speckle contrast for transcranial assessment of cerebral blood flow

Improving noninvasive approaches to monitoring blood microcirculation is an urgent topic in modern biomedical engineering. One of the actively developing methods is laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), which allows not only the visualization of microvessels but also the quantitative measurements of microcirculatory blood flow. This work shows the application of LSCI for mapping the cerebral vessels of a laboratory animal, and also presents the time–frequency processing of the registered signal. Thus, we expand the capabilities of the existing LSCI approach and demonstrate spatial mapping of blood flow rhythms. The proposed technology makes it possible not only to measure the relative cerebral blood flow but also to expand diagnostic capabilities for a detailed analysis of the physiological mechanisms of changes in blood flow.

Toward droplets displaying life-like interaction behaviors.

Developments in synthetic biology usually bring the conception of individual artificial cells. A key feature of living systems is, however, the interaction between individuals, in which living units can interact autonomously and display a role differentiation such as the case of entities chasing each other. On the other hand, droplets have become a very useful and exciting medium for modern microengineering and biomedical technologies. In this Perspective, we show a brief discussion-outlook of different approaches to recreate predator-prey interactions in both swimmer and crawling droplet systems toward a new generation of synthetic life with impact in both fundamental insights and relevant applications.

EXISTENTIAL REFLECTIONS OF THE PERSPECTIVE OF IMMORTALITY IN THE HUMANITARIAN TRADITION

The scientific problem of death and immortality is traditionally in the center of attention of researchers and is infinitely important, which is updated again and again in the works of futurologists. Transhumanism is sometimes even called the «religion of the XXI century» – biohacking, genetic experiments and even digital immortality are in progress. The purpose of the article: to explore the philosophical aspect of achieving immortality. Among the research methods: problem-chronological and interdisciplinary synthesis, content analysis and the method of included observation, historical-comparative and virtual anthropology. According to modern ideas, a person is what he is, and with the help of modern biomedical, information and communication technologies, he can continue his existence virtually indefinitely. Transplantation and cloning, bioingeneria and ciborgization, prosthetics and the transfer of brain functions to electronic means open the prospects of practical immortality.

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. Scientific and technological breakthrough, improvement of medical care technologies, processes of genetic engineering and other biomedical technologies require proper legal, including criminal law regulation. Of course, many potentially socially dangerous acts in these areas have not found their actual manifestation to date, but this does not mean that they do not require criminal legal regulation. After all, several decades ago, with the same success, the world community did not even assume about such negative phenomena as cybercrime, in particular, cyberterrorism, cyberterrorism, phishing, etc., while today the efforts of many states are aimed precisely at criminal legal counteraction to the noted illegal encroachments. In the absence of a definition of the concept of “iatrogeny” and “iatrogenic crimes” at the legislative level, the issues of classification of iatrogenic crimes are widely discussed in scientific circles. Most authors refer to them only traditional iatrogenic crimes, at the same time, we defend the position regarding the attribution of non-traditional iatrogenic crimes to them, which have no less degree of public danger. The issues of genomic research are relevant primarily due to the fact that they are at the intersection of ethics and law. To date, such issues as editing, modification of the human genome, the legal status of the human embryo and its criminal protection, new reproductive technologies are on the agenda. The development of biomedical technologies actualizes the issue of their proper legislative regulation, criminalization of potential socially dangerous acts in the areas under consideration and identification of criminal law problems in the application of modern biomedical technologies.

Modern biomedical technologies for physical education classes as a basis for sustainable regional development

Objective of the study. To study the impact of physical exercise on physiological indicators of schoolchildren based on the express technology used in general education. Organization and methods of the study. The study involved 40 boys aged 10-12 years. The children were divided into two groups, EG and CG, with 20 pupils in each group. In the EG group the boys were engaged in corrective and developmental exercises. The classes were conducted twice a week for 45 minutes. In CG, the classes were conducted according to the standard programme for physical education classes. The research methods included hardware-software complex (HSC) "Varicard 2.51" Results. Indicators of the physiological norm, premorbid conditions and physiological disorders during physical education classes are presented. It is shown, that application of corrective-developmental exercises promotes optimization of functional condition of boys. After applying corrective development exercises in EG, a reliable improvement in the parameters studied was obtained, while no significant changes were found in the functional indices in CG. Conclusion. Optimization of the functional state of boys in EG at the final stage of the study in comparison with CG has been established.

The evolution of personalized medicine: publications review

The personalized medicine is based on suggestion that each person has unique characteristics at molecular, physiological, ecological and behavioral levels. In case of development of disease one is to be treated considering these unique characteristics. This belief was to some extent confirmed by application of such newest technologies as DNA sequencing, proteomics, imaging protocols and application of wireless health monitoring devices which established large inter-individual differences.The purpose of the study was to summarize and systematize the results of publications on personalized medicine and its development.The search for scientific articles was carried out, including the published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in Pubmed, WoS, Scopus and RSCI. The review covers 49 articles considering new technologies that make possible the personalized medicine possible, new experience, modes of verification and application of individualized medications as well as potential means of treating people with fertility problems and infertility.The individualization of medical practice in particular cases is probably inevitable all the more the individual approach to patient becomes more effective and cost-effective. The accessibility of modern biomedical technologies, emergence of wireless monitoring devices allows to implement "personalized" approach to early, subclinical diagnostic, individualization of treatment in order to obtain maximal efficiency and minimal toxicity of therapy, prevention of relapse of disease and its prevention. The technology of cell avatars will permit to prognose development of diseases and, possibly, life expectancy too. The personalized approach in reproductology based on genetic research will permit to eliminate a number of hereditary, orphan diseases in XXI century the same way as studies in immunology and development of vaccines made it possible to eliminate black smallpox in XX century.Conclusion. The future challenges consist not only in looking for new manifold modes of characterizing patient, but also in personalization of therapy, development of individual medication and disease prevention schemes. It is presumably that applying more relevant models based on human cell cultures will allow not only to study pharmacodynamics of medications, but also to implement personalized selection of medication therapy, considering nature of disease and comorbid background of patient.

Exploration for and Practice of New-Model Undergraduate Education for Innovative Talents in Biomedicine

With the rapid development of modern biomedical technology industry, background and knowledge of a single discipline will not be adequate to meet the needs of research and development of cutting-edge technology. The cultivation of innovative research talents with interdisciplinary background at the undergraduate level poses great challenges for higher education institutions. National-level research institutes, including state key laboratories and national clinical research centers, for example, have an enormous supply of technological human resources and resources for research and teaching, which is of critical importance for the training of innovative talents at the undergraduate level. Herein, taking as an example the West China Innovation Class of State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, a special undergraduate program founded by the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University in 2016, we reported on the explorations and practices of a new model for cultivating innovative research talents at the undergraduate level. The new model features the leadership of a national-level research institute and an interdisciplinary approach.

Temperature-Responsive Polymer Brush Coatings for Advanced Biomedical Applications.

Modern biomedical technologies predict the application of materials and devices that not only can comply effectively with specific requirements, but also enable remote control of their functions. One of the most prospective materials for these advanced biomedical applications are materials based on temperature-responsive polymer brush coatings (TRPBCs). In this review, methods for the fabrication and characterization of TRPBCs are summarized, and possibilities for their application, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the TRPBCs, are presented in detail. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of thermo-responsibility of the TRPBCs. Applications of TRPBCs for temperature-switchable bacteria killing, temperature-controlled protein adsorption, cell culture, and temperature-controlled adhesion/detachment of cells and tissues are considered. The specific criteria required for the desired biomedical applications of TRPBCs are presented and discussed.

Computer Model-Driven Design in Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine

Continuing advances in genomics, molecular and cellular mechanobiology and immunobiology, including transcriptomics and proteomics, and biomechanics increasingly reveal the complexity underlying native tissue and organ structure and function. Identifying methods to repair, regenerate, or replace vital tissues and organs remains one of the greatest challenges of modern biomedical engineering, one that deserves our very best effort. Notwithstanding the continuing need for improving standard methods of investigation, including cell, organoid, and tissue culture, biomaterials development and fabrication, animal models, and clinical research, it is increasingly evident that modern computational methods should play increasingly greater roles in advancing the basic science, bioengineering, and clinical application of regenerative medicine. This brief review focuses on the development and application of computational models of tissue and organ mechanobiology and mechanics for purposes of designing tissue engineered constructs and understanding their development in vitro and in situ. Although the basic approaches are general, for illustrative purposes we describe two recent examples from cardiovascular medicine—tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) and tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs)—to highlight current methods of approach as well as continuing needs.