Modern Design Research Articles

Accelerating Promotional Media on Social Media for Brand Awareness Forest Smoothie

With high deforestation rates, reforestation is important to restore the ecosystem. Forest Smoothie, an international beverage company with the concept of "buying a smoothie equals planting a tree", faced the problem of lack of brand awareness on Instagram. Observation shows that their Instagram feed is monotonous and inconsistent in design, typography, and colour. This research aims to redesign Forest Smoothie's social media promotion with a modern and attractive design, using bright colours, consistent typography, and illustrations that reflect the brand's character. Using the design sprint method, this research went through the understand, diverge, decide, prototype, and validate stages. The result is an Instagram feed template that effectively attracts audience engagement. Validation through questionnaires showed positive responses regarding the recognizable concept, colour, typography readability, consistency, and interaction.

Optimized bp Neural Network Based on Improved Dung Beetle Optimization Algorithm to Predict High-Performance Concrete Compressive Strength

In modern architecture, the structural safety of buildings largely depends on the compressive strength of high-performance concrete (HPC), which is determined by the complex nonlinear relationships between its components. In order to more accurately forecast HPC’s compressive strength, this paper proposes a prediction model based on an improved dung beetle optimization algorithm (OTDBO)-optimized backpropagation neural network (BPNN). Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) is employed to determine the inputs for the BPNN, enhancing the computational efficiency under high-dimensional data feature conditions. To address the issues of local optima entrapment and slow convergence in the dung beetle optimization algorithm (DBO), four improvements were made to enhance its performance. In the initial population generation stage, the optimal Latin hypercube method was used to increase the population diversity. In the rolling stage, the osprey optimization algorithm’s global exploration strategy was introduced to improve the global search capability. The variable spiral search strategy was employed in the reproduction stage, and an adaptive t-distribution perturbation strategy was combined in the foraging stage to enhance the algorithm’s adaptability and search efficiency. The improved dung beetle optimization algorithm (OTDBO) outperformed other algorithms in performance tests on the CEC2017 benchmark functions. In terms of predicting the compressive strength of HPC, the XG-OTDBO-BP model developed in this study outperformed models optimized by other algorithms in terms of fitting outcomes and prediction accuracy. These findings support the XG-OTDBO-BP model’s superiority in the compressive strength of HPC prediction.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES: FROM ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE TO MODERN ENGINEERING

The history of architecture has been molded with the development in modes of construction, reflecting the social, economic, and technological advancement of different civilizations. This paper discusses the chronological development of the various methods of construction from ancient architecture to modern engineering and cites some key milestones shaping today's construction processes. The study embraces developments throughout four major periods: early developments during the era of 'Masters of Structuring Matter', geometric and structural novelties developed during Gothic and then during the Renaissance, revolutionary industrial development throughout the 19th century, and technological and sustainable approaches of the 20th and 21st century. The paper highlights how iconic constructions, like ziggurats, Greek temples, Roman infrastructure, Gothic cathedrals, and modern skyscrapers, specify technology, culture, and architecture as being interdependent because of the characteristics which involve structure and materials. Results show that learning construction practices from the past not only brings new light to today's design but also presents new demands toward sustainable and resilient building techniques in facing challenges during modern times. Future research is likely to be more directed toward integrating traditional methods with advanced technologies for the development of new, environmentally friendly construction solutions.

Mechanical behavior analysis of sandwich composite structures with different core geometries under three-point bending

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the mechanical behavior of sandwich composite structures featuring six distinct core geometries under three-point bending conditions. Through detailed finite element analysis (FEA), the research examines the performance characteristics of I-shaped, traditional honeycomb (NIDA), O-shaped, X-shaped, semi-circular, and modified core geometries. The analysis focused on stress distribution patterns, displacement responses, and overall structural integrity. Results demonstrate that the semi-circular core geometry exhibits superior mechanical properties, achieving an 84.66% improvement in positive stress resistance and 74.79% enhancement in negative stress resistance compared to the traditional honeycomb reference model. The study revealed consistent linear elastic behavior across all models within the tested displacement range, with the semi-circular configuration showing optimal stress distribution and minimal core deformation. Using aluminum for facings and core materials, the research evaluated mechanical responses through displacement-controlled loading conditions, measuring stress concentrations at critical points and analyzing deformation patterns. This research provides valuable insights into the relationship between core geometry and mechanical performance, offering practical implications for engineering applications requiring high strength-to-weight ratios and enhanced flexural resistance in modern structural design.

Shifting Paradigms: Semiotic Reading of the Built Environment Transformations in Lithuania 1986–2004

Summary The research delves into the complex and multi-layered transition of Lithuania from a Soviet to a post-Soviet society, focusing on the architectural landscape as a reflection of ideological shifts. It explores the period from Gorbachev’s initiation of perestroika in 1986 to the Baltic States’ entry into the EU and NATO in 2004, a time marked by significant transformations within the architectural, social, and political realms. First, using Greimasian Square, the study categorises and analyses the reactions toward Soviet Modernist architecture, observing the gradual shift from a representation of state ideology to a canvas reflecting a myriad of individual and collective experiences, also assuming the artistic value of the architects’ output. Second, utilising frameworks from Western architectural criticism figures such as Peter Blake, Robert Venturi and the Situationists, the study contextualises and collates with architectural trends in public interiors or private constructions in Lithuania. Additionally, presumptions are correlated with a crisis in the architectural profession, characterised by a rise in private constructions without architects. Through semiotic view architectural discourse becomes a vital element in understanding the broader cultural and political shifts in post-Soviet Lithuania.

GAME, SET, STYLE: UNVEILING THE FASHION SECRETS OF TENNIS DRESS CODE

Clothing in the game of tennis is one of the most important elements in the sport, both in terms of the role it plays, and the impact of the historical tradition it holds. Over centuries, both clothing and tennis shoes have undergone massive evolution, transitioning from traditional attire to more practical and technologically advanced designs. This evolution has not only enhanced the players' performance but has also contributed to the financial development of tennis through effective marketing strategies. Clothing in the game of tennis has always had a set of specific characteristics, often passed down from one generation to another as an unwritten rule. Although it does not have a major role in how a tennis match is influenced, it has a significant financial impact, through the important role of marketing reflected by associating the apparel with important figures in tennis. Throughout history, tennis clothing has evolved, abandoning many of its traditional aspects, opting for a much more practical version of the way they are made in the context of innovation, technology and design (durability, style and sustainability). Despite embracing innovation and modern design principles, certain traditional elements persist, notably exemplified by the strict dress code of prestigious events like Wimbledon. Similarly, tennis footwear has experienced significant transformations, largely driven by changes in playing surfaces. These advancements aim to optimize players' performance at the professional level and, like clothing, contribute to the financial dynamics of the sport. Therefore, the present paper aims to illustrate how the evolution of these essential elements of tennis equipment have led to the improvement of the game of tennis, and how the preservation of traditions over time has helped in the rise of the marketing element in tennis.

A Multi-label Artificial Intelligence Approach for Improving Breast Cancer Detection With Mammographic Image Analysis.

Breast cancer remains a major global health concern. This study aimed to develop a deep-learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) model that predicts the malignancy of mammographic lesions and reduces unnecessary biopsies in patients with breast cancer. In this retrospective study, we used deep-learning-based AI to predict whether lesions in mammographic images are malignant. The AI model learned the malignancy as well as margins and shapes of mass lesions through multi-label training, similar to the diagnostic process of a radiologist. We used the Curated Breast Imaging Subset of Digital Database for Screening Mammography. This dataset includes annotations for mass lesions, and we developed an algorithm to determine the exact location of the lesions for accurate classification. A multi-label classification approach enabled the model to recognize malignancy and lesion attributes. Our multi-label classification model, trained on both lesion shape and margin, demonstrated superior performance compared with models trained solely on malignancy. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping analysis revealed that by considering the margin and shape, the model assigned higher importance to border areas and analyzed pixels more uniformly when classifying malignant lesions. This approach improved diagnostic accuracy, particularly in challenging cases, such as American College of Radiology Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System categories 3 and 4, where the breast density exceeded 50%. This study highlights the potential of AI in improving the diagnosis of breast cancer. By integrating advanced techniques and modern neural network designs, we developed an AI model with enhanced accuracy for mammographic image analysis.

HOTEL MODERNO, UMA MÁQUINA DE HOSPEDAR

This paper aims to produce a theoretical essay about the modern hotel from a historical and critical perspective, seeking to broaden knowledge about the mutation of this architectural typology in the context of the development of mass tourism, hypothesizing that hotels are "lodging machines". This is a conceptual discussion aimed at fostering and subsidizing the debate on hotels built between the late 1940s and the 1970s, in the context of the Modern Movement. To this end, he recalls the semantic and typological antecedents of the hotel and discusses how the social practices of mass tourism and the role of the state were reflected and reproduced in the mechanisms of modern hotels. Then, it presents aspects relating to the formal and functional typologies that support the idea that the modern hotel is a lodging machine, emphasizing some characteristics that express its architectural modernity. Finally, it highlights the historical and heritage relevance of modern hotels and the importance of documentation for intervention and conservation of this collection as material witnesses of modern architecture and mass tourism. Keywords: Hotel, Lodging Establishments, Modern Architecture, Mass Tourism, Architectural Typology.

On a Simplified Approach to Achieve Parallel Performance and Portability Across CPU and GPU Architectures

This paper presents software advances to easily exploit computer architectures consisting of a multi-core CPU and CPU+GPU to accelerate diverse types of high-performance computing (HPC) applications using a single code implementation. The paper describes and demonstrates the performance of the open-source C++ matrix and array (MATAR) library that uniquely offers: (1) a straightforward syntax for programming productivity, (2) usable data structures for data-oriented programming (DOP) for performance, and (3) a simple interface to the open-source C++ Kokkos library for portability and memory management across CPUs and GPUs. The portability across architectures with a single code implementation is achieved by automatically switching between diverse fine-grained parallelism backends (e.g., CUDA, HIP, OpenMP, pthreads, etc.) at compile time. The MATAR library solves many longstanding challenges associated with easily writing software that can run in parallel on any computer architecture. This work benefits projects seeking to write new C++ codes while also addressing the challenges of quickly making existing Fortran codes performant and portable over modern computer architectures with minimal syntactical changes from Fortran to C++. We demonstrate the feasibility of readily writing new C++ codes and modernizing existing codes with MATAR to be performant, parallel, and portable across diverse computer architectures.

Iconic Buildings of Le Corbusier. Chapel of Notre-Dame Du Haut in Ronchamp

This article is devoted to the Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut, the first iconic building designed by Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris (Le Corbusier) within the bionic traditions of modernism. When creating it, the architect expressed his desire to create a space conducive to silence, prayer, peace and inner joy.The study analyzes the key architectural and design concepts embedded by Jeanneret-Gris in the situational plan, planning scheme, facade solutions, architectural details and interior of this unique building. Special attention was paid to bionic elements inspired by natural forms and processes, which became a distinctive feature of Le Corbusier's modernist architecture.The analysis made it possible to identify the relationship between architectural solutions and the philosophical views of Jeanneret-Gris, as well as to assess their influence on the formation of the modernist paradigm in cult architecture. The results of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of Le Corbusier's contribution to the development of modern architecture and his desire to create a harmonious and functionally saturated space.

ViCo: Human visual perception-based contour extraction of Chinese Tang dynasty textile patterns

The study of ancient textile patterns not only enriches historical material but also inspires modern costume art design. Recent developments in computer vision technology provide novel analytical methods for the study of ancient textile patterns. As contours are one of the most significant features in computer vision tasks, contour extraction serves as a prerequisite to accomplishing intelligent understanding and automatic design of textile patterns. In this paper, a perception-consistent contour extraction method (ViCo) that simulates the human visual system from the retina, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), to the V1 area in the cortex is proposed, along with an ancient textile pattern dataset represented by TuanKe in the Chinese Tang dynasty. Experiments were conducted both qualitatively and quantitatively to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method on the TuanKe dataset. Analysis of the results implies the effectiveness of ViCo because the retinal and LGN filter enhances edge information and restrains tiny pixel changes, and the cortex simulation is direction selective. This study is among the initial efforts to employ computer vision technology for ancient textile pattern studies. The study presents a TuanKe dataset and a novel bio-inspired contour extraction method, which has significant historical research importance, fabric art design inspiration, and computer application value.

Аналіз застосування технологій ПЛІС в складі IoT

The subject of study in this article and work is the modern technologies of programmable logic devices (PLD) classified as FPGA, and the peculiarities of its application in Internet-of-Things domain at different architectural layers of the implementation, as well as the elements of decision making during choosing of appropriate solutions based on FPGA in the context of implementation of IoT tasks with the requirements of intensive computations. The goal is to analyze the possibilities and peculiarities of the application of technology of programmable logic devices as part of the modern architecture of the Internet of Things with the improvement of decision making process during the choosing of appropriate technical solutions for the use of FPGA with taking into account the types of tasks. Tasks: to analyze the current state of demands regarding the use of FPGA technology in IoT projects; to analyze the challenges and limitations for the application of FPGA technology at different layers during the prototyping of IoT infrastructure; to propose ways of the use of FPGA technology in the IoT infrastructure with the use of high-speed computations; to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed approaches of integration of FPGA technology; to provide recommendations and determine the further direction of the research of the use of FPGA technology as a part of the IoT infrastructure considering of AI/ML tasks; to provide a practical example of the use of FPGA technology during the creation of a high-performance IoT system. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. The analysis of the current state of the use of FPGA technology in IoT projects is performed, that showed the significant potential of these technologies for the implementation of high-speed computations in Internet of Things systems. A classification of the ways of applying FPGA in the tasks of real-time data processing and implementation of neural networks is proposed. The set of limitations of the possibility of FPGA technology applying at different layers of IoT infrastructure is defined. It includes high equipment costs, the need for specific design skills, limitations in energy consumption, and the complexity of the integration with existing systems. The practical example of the use of the IoT system with the implementation of high-intensive computations is provided. Conclusions. The main contribution and scientific novelty of the obtained results is that the conducted analysis allows to make a decision about the possibility of applying programmable logic in the construction of IoT projects and home automation systems. Based on the proposed classification of types of IoT tasks, there is a possibility of making a decision on the application of FPGA technology as a separate integrated circuit in the system or using a complete instance of FPGA as a Service in the cloud environment.

The Neglected Modern Architectural Heritage: Analysis of Housing Estates in the Second Half of the 20th Century from Izmir, Turkey, Case Study Area

Twentieth-century housing estates are an important part of the architectural heritage of the modern age, reflecting not only the evolution of housing forms, but also the technological advances and sociocultural dynamics of the twentieth century. However, awareness of the value of this heritage is still insufficient, resulting in a lack of legal protection and numerous threats in the form of transformation and negligence. In this research, we present the problem using the example of modernist Turkish architecture. The settlements of Izmir, a cosmopolitan port city with a diverse socio-cultural fabric and rapidly developing housing architecture, are chosen as the subject of the study. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the state of conservation and the degree of transformation of the selected estates. The overall assessment of the maintenance of the legibility of urban layouts and the form of individual buildings shows that, despite the lack of systematic protection, it is possible to preserve the existing architectural heritage in the examples analyzed and to provide recommendations for future policies to sustain the heritage values of modernism. The research aims to fill the existing gaps in the discourse on modern housing and contribute to a broader international dialogue on the conservation of modern architecture. By including these estates in the ongoing discussion, we recognize their historical significance and promote their preservation as important participants in contemporary urban life.

Methodology for the automated selection of time-frequency representations

Data preprocessing is a key step in extracting useful information from sound and vibration data and often involves selecting a time-frequency representation. No single time-frequency representation is always optimal, and no standard method exists for selecting the appropriate time-frequency representation, so selecting the time-frequency representation requires expert knowledge and is susceptible to human bias. To address this, this work introduces a methodology to automate the selection of a time-frequency representation for a dataset using only a subset of the healthy, or normal, class of data. To select the parameters for each type of time-frequency representation, Bayesian optimization is used. With a candidate from each type of time-frequency representation, the average similarity is used to select the final candidate. Additionally, the use of multiple time-frequency representations within a single model is explored. Because there is currently no objective method to compare the selected time frequency representations against, the proposed methodology is evaluated in two case studies. In the case studies, the time frequency representations are used as inputs to a simple convolutional neural network that achieved 100% accuracy in classifying bearing faults and 94% accuracy in classifying the contact tip to workpiece distance in wire arc additive manufacturing. Additionally, the proposed methodology presents a 75% and 94% reduction in the data size for the two case studies. This offers further benefits for reducing costs of data transmission and storage in modern digital manufacturing architectures.

Effect of Traditional Textile Techniques on Modern Fashion Design in Nigeria

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of traditional textile techniques on modern fashion design in Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Traditional textile techniques in Nigeria, such as adire (tie-dye), akwete weaving, and aso-oke fabric, have significantly influenced modern fashion design. These indigenous methods, known for their intricate patterns and vibrant colors, are increasingly incorporated into contemporary fashion by Nigerian designers. The use of traditional techniques adds cultural depth and authenticity, appealing to both local and international audiences. Modern designers blend these age-old methods with contemporary styles, creating innovative and unique fashion pieces that reflect Nigeria’s rich heritage. This fusion has not only revitalized traditional craftsmanship but also positioned Nigeria as a global hub for Afrocentric fashion. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Cultural identity theory, sustainable fashion theory & brand equity theory may be used to anchor future studies on the effect of traditional textile techniques on modern fashion design in Nigeria. Fashion designers should collaborate with local artisans who specialize in traditional textile techniques. Policymakers should develop initiatives that support artisanal communities involved in traditional textile production.

Stochastic collapse: how gradient noise attracts SGD dynamics towards simpler subnetworks*

Abstract In this work, we reveal a strong implicit bias of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) that drives overly expressive networks to much simpler subnetworks, thereby dramatically reducing the number of independent parameters, and improving generalization. To reveal this bias, we identify invariant sets, or subsets of parameter space that remain unmodified by SGD. We focus on two classes of invariant sets that correspond to simpler (sparse or low-rank) subnetworks and commonly appear in modern architectures. Our analysis uncovers that SGD exhibits a property of stochastic attractivity towards these simpler invariant sets. We establish a sufficient condition for stochastic attractivity based on a competition between the loss landscape’s curvature around the invariant set and the noise introduced by stochastic gradients. Remarkably, we find that an increased level of noise strengthens attractivity, leading to the emergence of attractive invariant sets associated with saddle-points or local maxima of the train loss. We observe empirically the existence of attractive invariant sets in trained deep neural networks, implying that SGD dynamics often collapses to simple subnetworks with either vanishing or redundant neurons. We further demonstrate how this simplifying process of stochastic collapse benefits generalization in a linear teacher-student framework. Finally, through this analysis, we mechanistically explain why early training with large learning rates for extended periods benefits subsequent generalization.

Acoustic Analysis of the Masjid at Necmettin Erbakan University Köyceğiz Campus in Konya

In this study, the passive acoustic performance of Necmettin Erbakan University Köyceğiz Campus Masjid was investigated. Designed as the largest masjid of the city with a capacity of 15,000 people and a volume of 43,200 m3, the masjid, which has traces of Seljuk, Ottoman and Modern architecture. is built as a complex at a location overlooking the city in the Meram District of Konya City, Turkiye. The aim of the study is to determine the acoustic comfort conditions by considering all the activities in the masjids as a whole. Within the scope of the study, the acoustic performance of the masjid was evaluated by determining different source and receiver points for each mode of activity. As a method, the chosen masjid was simulated with ODEON Room Acoustics Software Ver. 14.04 software. Objective room acoustic parameters were analysed in three groups. These are sound energy ratio parameters (reverberation time (RT), early decay time (EDT), clarity (C50, C80), lateral fraction (LF80)), speech intelligibility parameters (definition (D50), speech transmission index (STI)) and sound strength parameters (strength (G)). The results obtained were compared with precedent studies in the literature. In comparison with the acoustic values obtained in other masjid/mosque buildings, it was reported that, while the speech intelligibility of other masjids/mosques was at a satisfactory level, the masjid under consideration was at a poor level in both fully occupied and unoccupied conditions. In the analysis made for reverberation time, it was seen that the masjid discussed in this study showed similar characteristics to other masjids/mosques globally. As a result, it was determined that the dimensions of the surfaces forming the mihrab, the minbar design and the depths of the mahfil overhangs are effective regarding the acoustics of the masjid, and the design of curved surfaces should be carried out in a way that does not cause focusing problems. In addition, suggestions that can give guidelines to modern masjid designs have been put forward.

Integration of Digital Repositories and Spatial Design within the Metaverse: the Evaluation of Features and Narratives to set Learning Environments on Cultural Heritage

Abstract. The Metaverse is rapidly advancing across cultural, professional, and service sectors, enhancing data compatibility and interaction. Its architectural design supports both visual interaction and information layers, characterising an ideal platform for the promotion of Digital Heritage. The digitisation of Cultural Heritage and the creation of Digital Repositories find complementarity in the Metaverse, which enables social interactions between Digital Heritage contents and virtual communities. This integration is pivotal for developing Learning Environments, where accessible virtual products can be combined with original digital storytelling and narratives.The paper presents methods and results from an Erasmus+ international school, which focused on using digital communication and 3D modelling tools to create immersive narratives on Mediterranean architectural modernity. Students from various Cultural Heritage disciplines designed virtual exhibitions within the Metaverse platform Spatial and open repository materials. The research concentrated on the application of Metaverse platforms for their spatial design and educational utility within the Heritage sector. The activities included developing digital narratives and interactive exhibitions enriched with multimedia data from digital repositories. The study discusses the limitations of customising visual materials, the importance of repository connections, user experience design, and the potential for future developments in Metaverse applications for Cultural Heritage learning environments and storytelling.

Uncementing the status quo: systematic review of a loose-fit, polished stem radial head prosthesis shows stable clinical results in complex elbow injuries with a concomitant radial head fracture.

Selecting the optimal radial head prosthesis to treat radial head fractures, especially in the context of complex elbow injuries like terrible triad, Monteggia, and Essex Lopresti, can be challenging, as there is currently no consensus in the field that favors a particular design. This study investigated the safety and performance of a Polished Stem Radial Head Prosthesis (PS RHP) compared to other modern RHP designs. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines to capture data on a Polished Stem Radial Head Prosthesis (PS RHP) and other Radial Head Prostheses (RHPs). Functional scores, range of motion, complications, and revisions were extracted from published literature and analyzed in parallel with the percentage of complex injuries. Comparison of functional outcomes between groups were based on minimum clinically important differences (MCIDs). There were 16 articles reporting on 711 cases of the PS RHP and 23 articles reporting on 605 cases of other RHPs included in the systematic literature review. Functional scores and range of motion were similar amongst the groups. The PS RHP design achieved a comparable revision rate as other RHPs despite a higher number of terrible triad injuries. Notably, the PS RHP group showed a significantly lower rate of instability (1.0%) than other RHPs (3.4%) (p < 0.05). Other complication rates were similar amongst the two groups. The PS RHP group had higher rates of terrible triads at baseline compared to the other RHPs group. Regardless of greater injury complexity, the clinical outcomes of the PS RHP group were favorable and resulted in a significantly lower rate of postoperative instability as compared to other RHPs.

A Comparative Study of Media Symbols from the Perspective of Visual Grammar: A Case Study of Marine Ecological Protection Posters in China and Western Countries

Social developments are bringing about changes in how we communicate and represent ideas. With the tendency of globalisation, marine ecosystems are facing threats such as overfishing, pollution, and climate change, and marine ecological protection has become a focus of attention for all countries. This paper adopts Kress and van Leeuwen’s framework of visual grammar analysis to compare and analyse the use of symbols in Chinese and Western marine ecological protection posters from the perspectives of representational meaning, interactive meaning, and compositional meaning. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of 100 Chinese posters and 100 Western posters reveal similarities and differences in symbol selection, cultural context, and compositional approach. Results show that Chinese posters tend to integrate traditional cultural elements and natural symbols to convey the concept of environmental protection in a harmonious and warm way, such as the use of ink painting style and paper-cutting art to represent marine organisms, while Western posters focus on directly displaying the hazards of marine pollution by means of strong visual contrasts and modern design elements to stimulate the audience’s sense of urgency and responsibility, such as the display of marine animals trapped by plastic rubbish. This research not only deepens the understanding of the theory of visual grammar but also provides valuable references for the design of future environmental posters, emphasising the importance of using visual symbols and communication strategies in different cultural contexts in order to convey environmental messages more effectively and to promote the development of global marine conservation.