Modern Architectural Design Research Articles

Constructive truth and creativity in contemporary Iraqi architecture

Truth and purity are an important concept in modern architectural design, as it is considered one of the significant concepts in architectural discourse. In many literatures, the significance of creative meanings can be added by the structure to the general formation through honesty and truth that resulted from the use of construction in an expressive way to achieve visual tracking of the correct paths of force transmission in the components of the construction formation, and deepen the aesthetic meanings that can be added by the construction. Thus, linking the character of creative construction truth to the constructive integrity The research problem lies in the lack of knowledge in studying the aspects of constructive truth and its range of effect on the architectural creativity sides in general and for the local architecture in particular, therefore, the research aims at clarifying the relationship between the concept of structural truth in all its intellectual and formal dimensions which affect the achieving of the construction creativity and thus the creativity of the apparent architectural production. It also discusses the creativity in architectural productions through studying the creativity sides that can be reached through the constructive truth vocabulary and items in the contemporary Iraqi architecture applications. Also and identifying the possibilities of interdependence between structural truth and structural creativity. The other aim is to analyse constructional applications that integrated with the design of the building in order to establish the fundamentals of creative architectural decision-making. In its methodology, the research methodology depends on comparison analysis style through the creating of a theoretical framework that starts from the mentioned above knowledge rule and applying it to a group of local examples to get some indicators that explain the role of structural honesty in the local architectural results.

Effects of design factors on the cyclic response of sloped RBS moment connections

Abstract Non-orthogonal structural framing is essential in modern architectural design; and sloping beams are often required in structures, particularly at the roof level. In this paper, a sensitivity study is conducted to statistically evaluate the effect of beam slope angle along with different design factors on the cyclic response of Reduced Beam Section (RBS) moment connections. To this end, 3D finite element models are developed and verified based on two sets of experimental studies. The verified models are then used to carry out a sensitivity analysis employing the design of experiment (DOE) method. Thirteen design factors, related to the connection material or geometry, are considered. The analyzed RBS connection models, which are generated based on DOE, conform to the AISC seismic design requirements for RBS connections in special moment frames. The cyclic response of RBS connection models is assessed by evaluating different response variables, including initial stiffness, rupture index, plasticity index, moment capacity, yield moment, hysteretic energy dissipation, and strength degradation rate. The results show the relative significance of each factor and interaction effects on the cyclic response of RBS connections. Based on the results, slope angle and beam depth are the most significant factors influencing all the response variables. The beam slope angle and beam depth both have increasing effects on the cyclic response characteristics. With up to 80% contribution, the effect of beam slope angle is found to be significant and greater than the beam depth effect. RBS connections with smaller beam slope angle and beam depth experience lower strain demands and less potential for fracture.

Static Analysis of Six Bar Tensegrity Ball Structure Robot

All pre-stressed structures called as tensegrity structures have been introducing into robotics, modern architectural designs, and medical necessities called as bio-tensegrity, space structure alternates, and many other emerging technologies because of its numerous useful properties.  Six bar tensegrity ball robot structure has essential importance in the field of robotics due to its deployable, movable, deformable, and easily controllable capabilities. This structure has 6 rigid bars (in compression) and 24 flexible strings (in tension) that are connected in such a 12 nodes arrangement that provides the highest spatial symmetrical shape to this structure among most of the tensegrity structure. In this paper, the internal forces of bars and strings on each node have been studied, and the force equation on every node has been developed. The position of each node has been validated. Furthermore, the balance of all bars and strings forces on the whole structure has been analytically verified to assure the structure remains statically pre-stressed under the zero net effect of all internal forces applied by bars and strings.

Феноменологическая инициатива в проектной программе современного архитектора. На примере Парка будущих поколений в Якутске

The article deals with the actual problems of architectural phenomenology, which asserts the superiority of cultural and aesthetic criteria in architecture over technocratic ones in the post-industrial era.The phenomenological paradigm defines the turn to a new strategy for designing the urban environment in the 21st century and renews interest in the theory of ‘place’ in architecture. The article reveals the meaning of the modern stage of development of the theory of ‘place’, shows the possibility of compromise-in preserving the spiritual meaning of a person’s place of residence against the background of technological improvementof design and construction. The subject of the research is the modern theory of ‘place’ within the system of phenomenological studies of architecture. The research aims to show the significance of the theory of ‘place’ for the architectural theory and practice of the 21st century. Objectives are to reveal the meaning of the current stage of the development of the theory of ‘place’; to show the possibilities of the compromise in preserving the spiritual sense of the place of human residence, against the background of the technological improvement of design and construction spheres.To compare the current condition of the environment with the prototypes of the long history of the man’s dwelling places; to find out the possibilities of activating the ‘sense of ‘place’’ in the modern architectural design. Methods of analysis — following the Norwegian theorist C. Norberg-Schulz, who poetically developed the modern understanding of the ‘place’, the philosophical and theoretical ascent of the problem is considered.The multi-dimensional concept of Stimmung by the Canadian theorist A. Perez-Gomez, which reveals a modern step in the theoretical substantiation of the significance of phenomenological problems for the sphere of project ideas, is clarified. For the sake of understanding of the idea of ‘place’ in modern conditions as well as clarification of the nature of the architect’s work in creating not just a template, but a sensually unique phenomenon of the environment,an example from the design practice of one of the Russian architectural workshops — the Moscow‘ATRIUM’ bureau is analyzed. The final idea: 1) modern architecture is able to articulate the unique existential space; 2) the symbolization of the unique position of a person in the natural and social world while paying attention to traditions becomes one of the most important tasks for architecture in Russia and abroad against the background of the increasing technological complexity of the environment.

Aesthetic Philosophy of Art Resilience as a Global Art Movement and its Impact on Contemporary Interior Design

Both creative and technical aspects of interior design are influenced by contemporary global art movements and trends. Some of these movements and trends are exaggerated to the point of fantasia, others are applicable, objective and influential to societal advancement, considering cultural identity and ruling standards. Of those trends that express the latter is Art Resilience, founded in Paris in 2014, the birthplace of most modern movements of the world. It was natural for the movement to influence modern and contemporary architecture and interior design concepts in terms of their creative and applied aspects. This is due to the movement’s interest in reestablishing the aesthetic values of artistic work and design, in light of the current cultural and social developments, the art resilience movement interprets the stage of perception and judgment on design as follows. A vision of all (ontology) appears where the subject (viewer) and the object (work) are one entity. At that moment, there is no space for a simple taste, but the life experience of both the designer and the recipient is reflected. Research Problem: • The emergence of some works of interior design express the taste of its interior designer without considering the ruling concepts and aesthetic dimension, also neglecting cultural heritage. All the aforementioned go against the Art Resilience movement’s concepts and must be highlighted. Research aim: • This paper aims to shed light on how this movement and its principles impacted interior design. Research Hypotheses: • Art is an expression of consciousness of existence, and beauty is its basis. • Interior design as an artistic product influenced by artistic and intellectual movements. • Interior design as a work of art is measurable and applicable. Research Results: • Both the artist and the designer are responsible for presenting their works under the aesthetics of art and design and not comical representations and personal passions without neglecting the personality of the artist and designer. • Art Resilience movement calls to the adaptation to cultural, social and political changes in art and design without ignoring the role of aesthetics and the basics of art and the preservation of cultural heritage.

Learning to Draw Sight Lines

In this paper, we are concerned with the task of gaze following. Given a scene (e.g. a girl playing soccer on the field) and a human subject’s head position, this task aims to infer where she is looking (e.g. at the soccer ball). An existing method adopts a saliency model conditioned on the head position. However, this methodology is intrinsically troubled with dataset bias issues, which we will reveal in detail. In order to resolve these issues, we argue that the right methodology is to simulate how human beings follow gazes. Specifically, we propose the hypothesis that a human follows gazes by searching for salient objects along the subject’s sight line direction. To algorithmically embody this hypothesis, a two-stage method is proposed, which is dubbed as learning to draw sight lines. In the first stage, a fully convolutional network is trained to directly regress the existence strength of sight lines. It may seem counterintuitive at a first glance as these so-called sight lines do not really exist in the form of learnable image gradients. However, with the large-scale dataset GazeFollow, we demonstrate that this highly abstract concept can be grounded into neural network activations. An extensive study is conducted on the design of this sight line grounding network. We show that the best model we visited can already outperform the state-of-the-arts by a large margin, using a naive greedy inference strategy. We attribute these improvements to modern architecture design philosophies. However, no matter how strong the sight line grounding network is, the greedy inference strategy cannot handle a bunch of failure cases caused by dataset bias issues. We identify these issues and demonstrate that those grounded sight lines, which is a unique ingredient of our method, is the key to overcome them. Specifically, an algorithm termed as RASP is introduced as a second stage. RASP has five intriguing features: (1) it explicitly embodies the aforementioned hypothesis; (2) it involves no hyper-parameters, thus guaranteeing its robustness; (3) if needed, it can be implemented as an integrated layer for end-to-end inference; (4) it improves the performances of all sight line grounding networks we inspected; (5) further analyses confirm that RASP works by alleviating those spotted dataset biases. Strong results are achieved on the GazeFollow benchmark. Combining RASP and the best sight line grounding network can bring mean distance, minimum distance and mean angle difference 45.85%, 42.60%, and 49.23% closer towards human performance when compared with state-of-the-arts. We also contribute a video gaze following benchmark called GazeShift, on which we further demonstrate the importance of RASP in video applications. Codes and models will be released, encouraging further research on the important task of gaze following. Along with our implementation, we contribute a well-engineered toolbox for joint subject tracking and gaze following.

Patchwork Gridshells: Using Modularity to Facilitate Prefabrication and Simplify Construction

Modern architectural design has seen a shift towards iconic doubly-curved envelopes enclosing large column-free spaces. Gridshells have long been considered an efficient solution to such designs, but their actual use in practice has not spread worldwide. For elastic gridshells, their advantages in terms of substantial material savings can often be overshadowed by the significant challenges associated with their construction. Similarly, for rigid gridshells, the manufacture of a large number of different members and nodal connections is often a barrier to their implementation. This paper proposes an effective way of designing, fabricating and erecting gridshells. The "Patchwork Gridshell" consists of a number of efficient elastic gridshell patches assembled using rigid gridshell frames. It can easily generate a number of different configurations, use a wide range of materials, and allows more architectural expression of practical long-span forms. The benefits of combining the ingenuously simple efficiency of elastic lattices and the power of digital fabrication are demonstrated by digitally rebuilding four alternative configurations of the Japan Pavilion of the Hanover Expo 2000 as a case study. The result is a flexible digital workflow which creates large column-free spaces that are capable of being constructed efficiently by non- specialist contractors.

Ornamental Motifs of Haft Rang Tiles in The Architecture of Houses Constructed in Shiraz in the Pahlavi Era

In the Pahlavi-constructed areas of Shiraz, there are a number of residential houses built with modern architectural design, but traditional techniques and designs have been used in their decoration. Haft rang tiles are among the most commonly used techniques in the architectural decoration of these houses. The use of this ornamentation as seen in both internal and external views of Shiraz houses in the Pahlavi era is an exquisite example of the combination of tradition and modernity in contemporary Iranian architecture; studying its dimensions can lead to a better understanding of Iranian architecture in the contemporary period. Accordingly, this paper explores decorative features and diversity of ornamental motifs of Haft rang tiles in the architecture of houses built in Shiraz in the Pahlavi Era using a descriptive-analytical methodology. The required data was collected through field and library research. To this end, the tile decorations of 20 houses within the urban area of Shiraz constructed during the Pahlavi Era were investigated and categorized by the researcher in terms of spatial, framing, design, and motif diversity. According to the findings of the study, the Haft rang tile frames in the analyzed houses displayed a wide diversity of shapes including rectangles, squares, deformed vertical rectangles, curved surfaces, vertical diagonal frames, window frames, composite geometric shapes, and crowns. The most commonly used patterns in the sample group (20 houses were studied) were Eslimi (arabesque) and Khatai patterns. Human figures are also depicted in the form of archeological or miniature patterns or simple human shapes. Eslimi and Khatai patterns, flowers and birds, and human figures have been sometimes realistically portrayed, and sometimes portrayed in abstract forms. The dominant background colors of the tile frames in the studied period are turquoise and azure.

The Three Memos—Analysis of “Vers Une Architecture” From the Perspective of Modern Architectural Development Practice

In “Vers Une Architecture”, Le Corbusier presents a complete theory of modern architectural design method and modern architectural aesthetics. Combined with the development of modern architecture, this paper reviews and analyzes the application of this theory in practice. Through these reviews and analysis, this paper attempts to prove that this theory still has a strong vitality in the current architectural practice. From the perspective of the development of modern architecture, some parts of this theory are flawed. This article also attempts to analyze and supplement these defects.

Unrealized Architectural Projects of the 1920s: The Value of Constructivism Ideas

The article is devoted to one of the most interesting topics: the ideological heritage of constructivism and evaluation of its value. The no­velty of the research is determined by the choice of its subject: unrealized projects of Soviet architects of the 1920s (I.I. Leonidov, K.S. Melnikov, V.A. Vesnin, A.A. Vesnin, L.A. Vesnin and N.A. Ladovsky) as a source of promising ideas for the architecture and design of the late 20th—early 21st century. The paper aims to assess the creative and artistic value of the unrealized projects of Soviet constructivists for the modern architectural design. The main result is the attempt to present a historical and conceptual overview of the origin and features of constructivism and rationalism as trends in urban planning. The 1920s, when the principles and trends in constructivist architecture were formed, became the time of development of a new production and architectural model. The combination of rationalist approach with utopian functionality of most of these projects was the reason for rejection of a truly constructivist trend in Soviet architecture in favor of the “Stalin Empire Style”, and later — deconstructivism. The problematics of constructivist solutions of the 1920s in the field of urban planning and environmental management largely determined the methodology of architectural space organization of the USSR cities in the 1930s, when the stan­dard of “industry oriented” socialist society became a priority. The author considers theoretical studies and scientific publications about the works of Soviet constructivist architects, gives examples of explicit translation of the principles of constructivism in the 21st century architecture, and makes an assumption about the relationship between the ideolo­gical heritage of Soviet constructivists and the artistic and creative process of modern architects and desig­ners (founders of high-tech style R. Piano, N. Foster; deconstructivists F. Gehry, Z. Hadid, D. Libeskind).The article concludes that the constructivist ima­ges and stylistics of the analyzed period, though not translated by modern designers and architects “directly”, become the basis for implementation of new conceptual solutions.

Analysis on extraction methods of Chinese ancient architectural elements

The language of ancient Chinese architecture includes materials, structures and art of ancient Chinese architecture. The classical architectural language is recast as the motif, part of the essence is copied from the noumenon of architecture and passed on to the new architecture, making the new architecture not only have certain historical and cultural significance, but also have contemporary characteristics, which is the current exploration direction of regional architecture. This paper expounds the methods of extracting the motif of Chinese ancient architectural elements in contemporary Chinese modern architectural design, hoping to provide some directions for future traditional architectural design.

Architecture as “Gesamtkunstwerk” – The Role of the Roof in Defining Architecture in the 19th and 20th Century in Timisoara

Heritage buildings and their surrounding are inseparably intertwined. Anthropological, cultural, symbolic, religious and technical factors are influencing the choice of constructive and architectural features and their interconnection. An important part of heritage buildings, influencing the general outlook, defining its aesthetics, shaping the relationship with the urban context and ultimately contributing to the skyline of the city is the roof. In recent years, numerous timber roof structure assessment methodologies have been developed, which assess the roof structure only by its structural features and state of conservation without taking the link between the roof and the building and its surrounding area into consideration. However, considering the principles of the European guilds, heritage buildings were built with no strict division between symbolic meaning, craftsmanship, architectural aesthetics and urban design methods. This results in a “Gesamtkunstwerk”, a total work of art, with harmonically interlinked features and fully connected to its surrounding, leading to a full aesthetic experience. All these features highly influence the aesthetics of the heritage building but also the shape and height of the roof. During the late 19th century and early 20th century, at the dawn of modern architecture and urban design, a bold and aesthetically conscious use of traditional crafts and methods took place in most European cities - the Arts and Crafts movement, Art Nouveau, National Schools. This study aims to define how the relationship between building, roof and the urban context is changing in Timisoara during the late 19th and early 20th century. Ultimately the main scope of the paper is to identify the role of the roof structure in defining heritage structures built around the beginning of the 20th century through a transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach.

Clay buildings in modern energy efficient construction

The best practices of using low-tech traditional materials are summarized, and the role of clay in modern architectural design and construction is revealed. The cost of energy for the construction of buildings with the use of ecological clay technology is much lower than with the use of industrial building construction technologies. Thermophysical and bioclimatic studies have allowed determining the thermal properties of walls made of clay, clay materials and their role in the formation of a comfortable microclimate of the premises. When examining the carrying capacity of the structural system of buildings, vulnerable buildings were identified, on the basis of which research and development constructive methods for strengthening clay walls were developed and proposed for use in the practice of designing and building buildings. They ensure high reliability and comfort of living of people in the standard and special climatic conditions of the territories. The developed methods of strengthening the structural parts and the technology of construction made of clay with high reliability will expand the construction in normal and special climatic conditions of the territories.

Public swimming pools in Australia

In Australia the image of sporting prowess and easy access to swimming venues — both natural and artificial — has ensured that public swimming pools became a site of modern architectural interest and design experimentation from the 1930s onwards. Ranging from prosaic, local amenities to award-winning significant complexes, public pools are fascinating and potent places of individual and community memories and experiences. Many still exist but many others have been lost or detrimentally altered in the last two decades. As a modern type they deserve further documentation and careful conservation and adaptation to suit contemporary use.

Research of the INHERITANCE and Development of Traditional Architectural Culture in Modern Architectural Design

Research of the INHERITANCE and Development of Traditional Architectural Culture in Modern Architectural Design

Surface modeling in AutoCAD for architectural and structural design

The article considers surface modeling as the main tool for designing complex thin-walled structures, which are used in modern construction, architecture, and AutoCAD design. When constructing objects, we expanded on the formation of associative planar and network surfaces as well as extruded, lofted, rotated, and closed surfaces. We described automatic editing of associative surfaces that results from changes in forming lines. We considered the options of the command Trim on the cutting edges of other objects which can be intersecting surfaces, and also the projected geometry as applied to surfaces. We described the application of the Project geometry command in any direction as a tool for forming cutting edges, for marking curvilinear surfaces with a geometrically accurate design, and for obtaining 3D curves as the basis for other surfaces constructing. We considered 3D align for simultaneous moving and rotating of an object in order to align it with another object. An example of the photorealistic visualization of objects with lighting, shadow creation, and material assignment was given. The article shows civil engineering students and design engineers how surfaces can be modeled in AutoCAD, which is one of the most flexible technologies for creating 3D surface shapes.

Comfortable Living Design for Vihara and Sim

The research is a study and an analysis of the design for comfortable living in public building whichis an ordinary hall, or vihara in Chiang Mai and sim in Luang Prabang. The primary data indicated thesimilarity in location and topography, weather, climate, historical and social background. The field datacollection on the architectural and technical design concerning comfort, such as thermal and lightingcomfort, could be used for comparing factors affecting the buildings chosen for this study. It is found thatthe conventional design and the passive design using local intelligence can bring about the adaptation anddesign for the better comfort in the buildings and application of knowledge for the development of modernarchitectural design in Chiang Mai and Luang Prabang. The local intelligence for building design wascategorized as site selection, building orientation, building designs, shading devices and opening designs,building envelopes and materials, comfort designs, daylighting designs, user behaviors and otherconsiderations. The results of this research are able to confirm that local intelligence could be applied tomodern architectural design aimed at a combination with active design for much more efficiency in energyconservation at present.

Kajian Karakteristik Arsitektur Karya Tan Tjiang Ay Studi Kasus

Banyak media yang mempublikasikan karya-karya Tan Tjiang Ay. Namun tak banyak yang meneliti tentang gaya atau filosofi desain dari Tan Tjiang Ay secara dalam. Gaya desain karya-karya Tan Tjiang Ay mirip gaya desain arsitektur modern, walaupun dia sendiri tidak pernah menyebutkan seperti itu. Oleh karena itu, peneliti mendalami karakterisitk desain arsitektur rumah tinggal karya Tan Tjiang Ay. Metode penelitian bersifat kualitatif dengan melakukan kajian literatur, studi lapangan, hingga analisis arsitekturalnya dengan menggunakan beberapa contoh desain rumah tinggal karya Tan Tjiang Ay untuk mendapatkan kesimpulan yang lebih komprehensif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkah bahwa karakteristik arsitektur rumah tinggal karya Tan Tjiang Ay di Bandung lebih cenderung menggunakan pendekatan Arsitektur Modern.

MODERN ARCHITECTURE APPLICATION ON WEDDING CENTRE DESIGN IN SURAKARTA

<p class="Abstract"><em>Modern architecture is an approach in the field of architectural engineering that is used as a design approach. The research is done to discuss the field of architectural engineering, especially in planning and design. The purpose of this research is to reveal the concept of planning and design on the application of modern architecture as a design method in Wedding Center building in Surakarta. The method used is a descriptive explorative method on the preparation of planning and modern architecture design methods on the building design. Modern architectural design method is used as a method of design approach on building Wedding Center in Surakarta in order to be able to provide a building image in accordance with the concept of Wedding Center building as a one-stop wedding service in Surakarta. The results and discussion of analysis in this research are qualitative analysis. The final concept formed from this research is a conceptual model and the physical design model of Wedding Center with Modern Architecture Approaches in Surakarta.</em></p>

Biomimicry as an Innovation in Modern Architecture Design

Biomimicry as an Innovation in Modern Architecture Design