Modern Accounting Research Articles

PROBLEMS OF PRESENTING INFORMATION ABOUT DEFERRED TAXES

Currently, accounting standards in the area of income tax accounting continue to be vague and unspecific. In this connection, this paper investigates the key aspects of the presentation of deferred tax information in accordance with the rules of modern accounting standards and theoretical provisions. The article describes the peculiarities of deferred tax classification in the balance sheet and the profit and loss statement. An attempt is made to explain the effect of restoration of deferred tax liabilities. The conclusion is made that in scientific literature the essence of income taxes still remains undisclosed and that because of this the developers of accounting standards are deprived of an opportunity to compile them adequately. The example of the use of provisions of IAS 12 «Income Taxes» in order to conceal important economic information is given. American and international experience in terms of indicating the sources of recovery of the value of deferred tax assets is compared. It has been defined that the Russian standard in the field of accounting of income taxes is not transparent in the part of representation of the information on deferred taxes. In the conclusion the directions of improvement of accounting legislation are presented.

UNRAVELING GORONTALO'S LOCAL WISDOM: THE ESSENCE OF COST ACCOUNTING PRACTICE

This research departs from the problem of adopting and implementing modern accounting, which can potentially eliminate local wisdom values from accounting practices. This study aims to find the values of local wisdom behind the practice of education cost accounting by scholarship recipient students. This research uses the Islamic paradigm. The approach used is Islamic ethnomethodology. There are five data analysis stages: charity, knowledge, faith, revelation information, and courtesy. The study results found that students used funds from the government to finance educational needs for one semester. Funds sourced from parents are used by students, one of which is to give alms and help to human beings. The practice of accounting in managing educational expenses is conditional on local wisdom values in the form of trust (ama:nati) and mutual help (huyula). Both of these spirits live on the belief that there are other people's rights behind the sustenance that we have and Allah has arranged the sustenance. The results of this study contribute to the presence of the concept of cost accounting practices by students based on local cultural values

Issues of environmental cost accounting in crop production at the present stage

Subject. This article analyzes the approaches to environmental cost accounting proposed by different researchers. Objectives. The article aims to systematize and summarize knowledge about the problems and opportunities of accounting for environmental costs at crop production enterprises, as well as develop recommendations for dealing with areas of concern of accounting. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of observation, synthesis and analysis, the dialectical approach, as well as accounting methods and their elements such as valuation, accounts and double entry, reporting, etc. Results. Based on the analysis of the possibilities of accounting for environmental costs in the conditions of modern automation, the article formulates the definition of environmental costs, which implies the possibility of influence of force majeure circumstances on the environmental component in the activities of the enterprise. It substantiates and proposes an approach to environmental cost accounting based on the allocation of current and capital expenditure items in financial accounting. Conclusions. In modern accounting programs, there is no need to use new accounts to summarize environmental costs. The introduction of an additional account leads to the division of costs between accounts, which contradicts the production accounting methodology implemented in accounting programs.

Impact of Strategic Management Accounting Practices on Financial Performance of Nepalese Manufacturing Firms

This study was carried out to examine the relationship between financial performance and the application of management accounting practices in the Nepalese manufacturing firms. The study adopted the survey research design. The population of the study consists of all listed manufacturing companies under Nepal stock exchange. The study used simple random sampling. Four manufacturing firms were randomly selected for the study. Data for the study were obtained through the administration of a self-designed questionnaire to managers or accountants of the sampled firms through mail survey. Regression and t-test were used to test the hypotheses postulated for the study. The study showed that application of management accounting tools has a positive relationship with financial performance of companies’ survey. The study also found a significant difference in effectiveness of decision making between application of management accounting tools and traditional management accounting techniques and concludes that implementation of strategic management accounting practice is necessary to enhance organizational performance of the firm. The study therefore recommends that manufacturing companies, especially the ones listed and still tradable under NEPSE, put in place appropriate measures to apply modern management accounting tools called strategic management accounting practices to ensure efficient and realistic decision-making process that will enhance financial performance.

Perception on Audit Expectation Gap of Public Sector Audit in Nigeria

The exponential rise in corruption has necessitated the call for transparency in financial management in Nigeria. The public is dissatisfied with Auditor General’s reports as not been credible. While the public is dissatisfied with the performance of the Auditor General, the Auditor General Office thinks otherwise. The study employed four stakeholders groups (Legislature, Accountants, Bankers and Auditors) to explore the feelings of the society. The study revealed most respondents admit the present audit Act does not address the lack of transparency, accountability, dearth in human capacity, training, non-accessibility of public sector audit reports and great influence on reports due to environmental, social, economic and political factors. Highlighted also are disagreements between the auditor group and other respondents groups in mandatory training of audit staff, present audit team composition effectiveness and need for multi-disciplinary team composition. The study thus recommend urgent review of the Audit Act, enhancement of continuous professional training in modern forensic accounting techniques, guaranteed social security and protection of audit staff, the Auditor General be made to report to an Audit Commission whose membership should be drawn from professional bodies to avoid political influence from the executive and audit teams mandatorily be made to be multi-disciplinary in composition and a ban on auditors rendering non-audit services to clients in the course of their service.

The basic postulates of accounting. Part 2

Subject. This article examines the basic postulates of accounting as the basis of deductive theory. It analyses two main directions in the development of accounting postulates, namely the methodological and ethical ones, and examines the types of postulates and their impact on the accounting theory and methodology. Objectives. The article aims to study the postulates of accounting as a basic structural element of deductive theory, identify the main approaches to establishing postulates, and reveal the influence of accounting postulates on the theory and methodology of modern accounting. Methods. For the study, I used combinations of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and historical and logical research methods. Results. The article shows that postulates, along with concepts, are the basis of modern accounting theory and methodology. Postulates contain assumptions about the external environment of an economic entity, while theoretical concepts contain assumptions about the internal nature of an economic entity. The article identifies two main directions in the development of postulates in world practice, i.e. methodological and ethical directions. Relevance. The results obtained can be used to create the theory of accounting.

The role of costing technology based on specifications in improving product quality (An applied study at the General Company for Battery Manufacturing / Babylon II Laboratory)

Modern technologies, such as costing technology based on specifications and the technology of disseminating and managing the quality function, play an important role in providing a product with specifications that meet the desires and needs of customers, as they work to focus on the fact that the customer’s voice is included in the process of developing product specifications. Therefore, the study aims to apply some modern management accounting techniques practically in the public company. For the battery industry / Babylon II Factory (study sample) as it focuses on fulfilling quality requirements and achieving them to provide a product with specifications that achieve customer satisfaction. Hence the importance of the study emerged, which indicates the application of some modern techniques for strategic cost management, which is Attribute Based Costing , and the quality function deployment.

Implementing Triple Entry Accounting as an Audit Tool—An Extension to Modern Accounting Systems

Despite the technological leaps modern accounting systems have brought about, fraud is still prevalent. This necessitates spending time and money on audits. Connecting modern accounting ledgers to a public blockchain would make accounting records easily verifiable, aiding the audit evidence gathering and analytics process. Continuous audits will be made viable by readily available audit evidence from the public blockchain. The proposed audit solution creates verifiable “Financial Fingerprints” (signed indexes) for every accounting entry. These Financial Fingerprints are then published to a certain range of addresses on the public blockchain. The objective is to help accounting ledgers be structured in a Triple Entry Accounting format. The third entry can be defined as publishing a notarized index of each accounting entry to the public blockchain. The crux of Triple Entry Accounting is atomicity, meaning there can only be one book. Trying to present an alternative set of books would still be possible, but it would be automatically detected. The method used to achieve the objective can be presented as two value propositions. The first value proposition of Triple Entry Accounting is to define a provable official true set of books. This is important because it is a door into the market without being dependent on network effects. The second value proposition of Triple Entry Accounting is to break down the data silos by using the blockchain as a shared ledger and thus help auditors immensely in their tedious work to gather sufficient and appropriate audit evidence. Because of value proposition number one, Triple Entry Accounting presents standalone value even before the network effect begins. The result of this is an open standardized protocol for implementing Triple Entry Accounting as an extension to modern accounting systems.

Reply to My Critics: Experience Embodied: Early Modern Accounts of the Human Place in Nature

Reply to My Critics: Experience Embodied: Early Modern Accounts of the Human Place in Nature

Mengenali perspektif historis dan modern accounting

Historical and modern perspectives in the field of accounting reflect developments and changes in the way we understand, use and organize financial information over the centuries.This study aims to find out how the development of accounting either from history and modern. The method used is the literatur review. The history of accounting begins with the existence of trade which is growing day by day so that better and more organized records are needed until the Paciolis’s Ledger appear, then in the 19th century double entry accounting has developed a lot. In the 20th century recording began using computer and when the world recession, modern accounting and accounting principles using the double entry aplicaton which lightened the workload of the finance department. Modern accounting was created because of old accounting, meaning that the two synergize and perfect each other until an effective and efficient accounting system is formed.

Роль деловых коммуникаций в профессиональной деятельности бухгалтера

The article presents an overview and characteristics of the specifics of business communications in the professional activity of an accountant, in particular, between a manager and an accountant. Their influence on the effectiveness of the company's activities and the adoption of effective management decisions is determined. The role of business communications that have a significant impact on the relationship between the company's employees is revealed. The requirements currently imposed on the accounting profession, as well as the skills and knowledge necessary for a modern accountant are outlined.

Effect of Technological Innovations on the Accounting Practices Efficiency in Kenya

The landscape of accounting procedures in businesses is undergoing a profound transformation due to technological innovation. Technology has emerged as a catalyst for enhancing financial management through increased efficiency and accuracy. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted impact of technological innovations on accounting practices, focusing on three key variables: the adoption of accounting software, inventory management systems, and the integration of online payment systems. It scrutinizes the efficiency of accounting practices through the lenses of time efficiency and error rates, dissecting the interplay between these variables. A systematic evaluation of the empirical literature reveals the transformative influence of technology on modern accounting procedures, providing critical insights into best practices and areas for future research. The empirical literature provides compelling evidence of the transformative power of technology-driven innovations, enhancing data accuracy and real-time insights into financial metrics. However, research gaps persist, such as the integration of accounting software with online payment systems, the impact on compliance and reporting requirements, and the unique challenges faced by small businesses. This review highlights the need for balanced exploration of both the advantages and potential challenges of technological innovation in accounting practices. By addressing these research gaps and fostering a nuanced understanding, organizations can make informed decisions and leverage technology effectively to enhance accounting efficiency.

The basic postulates of accounting. Part 1

Subject. This article examines the basic postulates of accounting as the basis of deductive theory. It analyses two main directions in the development of accounting postulates, namely the methodological and ethical ones, and examines the types of postulates and their impact on the accounting theory and methodology. Objectives. The article aims to study the postulates of accounting as a basic structural element of deductive theory, identify the main approaches to establishing postulates, and reveal the influence of accounting postulates on the theory and methodology of modern accounting. Methods. For the study, I used combinations of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and historical and logical research methods. Results. The article shows that postulates, along with concepts, are the basis of modern accounting theory and methodology. Postulates contain assumptions about the external environment of an economic entity, while theoretical concepts contain assumptions about the internal nature of an economic entity. The article identifies two main directions in the development of postulates in world practice, i.e. methodological and ethical directions. Relevance. The results obtained can be used to create the theory of accounting.

FORMATION OF AN ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL SYSTEM FOR MANAGING PRODUCTION STOCKS

Inventory management is an important component of effective business operation. However, many companies face problems regarding reliable accounting and rational use of inventories. The purpose is the research and analysis of directions for the formation of an accounting and analytical system for the management of production stocks. In order to achieve the goal, it is proposed to consider the tools for the formation of an accounting and analytical system for the management of production stocks; define different approaches to inventory management; substantiate the importance of implementing accounting and analytical systems for managing production stocks. These areas will contribute to the improvement of practical aspects of inventory management.
 The article analyzes an important aspect of modern management at enterprises, in particular the formation of an accounting and analytical system for effective inventory management. The tools that help create such an inventory management system are considered in detail, various approaches to inventory optimization are defined, and the importance of implementing accounting and analytical systems for effective inventory management is substantiated. It has been proven that one of the key goals of the inventory management strategy is to achieve optimization of their structure which can lead to a significant increase in efficiency without increasing the total amount of inventory. To achieve this goal it is advisable to use the proposed algorithm for managing the inventory structure. Effective management of production stocks, taking into account their structure and relying on this model, will allow enterprises to approach this process with greater strategic importance and awareness, which in turn contributes to increased efficiency and competitiveness in the market.
 For the formation of the accounting and analytical system of management of production stocks, recommendations are highlighted that will contribute to the correct formation of the accounting and analytical system of managing production stocks, which will help reduce the costs of an enterprise, increase efficiency and ensure the proper quality of customer service. It has been proven that the formation of an accounting and analytical system for the management of production stocks is an important task for an enterprise which allows to ensure effective control, optimization and making informed decisions regarding the management of stocks. Such a system helps to increase the competitiveness of an enterprise and ensures its stability in the market. This article is an important source of information for business managers, logistics and inventory management specialists who seek to improve the efficiency of their processes and implement modern accounting and analytical systems for more accurate and strategic inventory management.

Critical analysis of the definitions of the category “valuation” in accounting and non-accounting sources

Valuation is undoubtedly the basis of accounting and reporting of any organization. At the same time, as our research have shown, to date, the accounting regulations do not provide a definition of the valuation, and in the scientific and educational literature there is no consensus of scientists on this issue. This article critically analyzes various points of view regarding the interpretation of the category “valuation”, presented in Russian and foreign accounting and non-accounting sources of recent decades. The following research methods were used: analysis and synthesis,comparison, grouping method, logical approach, systematic approach, analogy method. As a result of the research, this paper presents the author’s view of the existing definitions of the category “valuation” in relation to their applicability in modern accounting and reporting. The results reflected in this article will be of interest to a wide range of readers who analyze various problems of Russian and foreign accounting and reporting, including the valuation of accounting objects and reporting elements. In addition, the results obtained in this work can be applied in the educational process of higher educational institutions and in the practical work of accounting departments. In addition, the results of this study can be used in the development and improvement of relevant domestic and foreign regulatory documents on accounting and reporting.

The author’s view on the definition of the category “valuation” in accounting and reporting

Valuation is certainly the main content of modern accounting and reporting. At the same time, there is still no definition of this category in accounting standards. At the same time, various definitions of valuation are given in the scientific and educational literature. These definitions were critically analyzed by us in the previous article. In this article, we present our own view on the definition of the category “valuation” in accounting and reporting. During the research, such methods as analysis and synthesis, logical approach, systematic approach, comparison, grouping method, analogy method were used. As a result of the research, this paper presents a new view on the category of “valuation” in accounting and reporting, which meets the requirements of modern times. In addition, proposals are also made for amending accounting regulations. The results obtained in this article will be useful to a wide range of readers interested in various problems of Russian and foreign accounting and reporting, including the valuation of accounting objects and reporting elements. In addition, the results reflected in this paper can be used in the educational process of higher educational institutions and in the practical work of accounting departments. In addition, the results of our study can be used in the development and improvement of relevant domestic and foreign regulatory documents on accounting and reporting.

Historical aspects and the current problems of accounting for fixed assets depreciation

Subject. This article conducts historical research to substantiate the organizational and methodological aspects of accounting for the creation and use of depreciation funds in the form of a depreciation reserve. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the procedure for the formation of the depreciation fund as the main source of financing the receipt and creation of fixed assets, as well as the depreciation of fixed assets in the Soviet period, and identify the problems of financing investments in non-current assets in the modern accounting system. Methods. For the study, we used analysis, synthesis, systematization, and generalization. Results. The article identifies the problems between investments in non-current assets and the sources of their financing in the Russian accounting system and shows the logical linkage and sequence of actions of the accountant, leading to an effective system of management of capital investments and their sources in practice. Conclusions and Relevance. The conducted historical research and analysis of current organizational and methodological aspects of accounting for depreciation of fixed assets reveals the need to introduce accounting for the creation and use of a depreciation fund in commercial organizations. The results of the study can be applied in the theory and practice of financial accounting and reporting.

The Power of Oedipus: Michel Foucault with Hannah Arendt

Abstract: It has become increasingly common to draw connections between Michel Foucault and Hannah Arendt: there are strong continuities between their respective theories of power, and Foucault and Arendt share an account of modernity and of the entry of biological life into the political sphere. Both thinkers are also immersed in the texts of antiquity and place an analysis of the ancient world at the heart of their thinking about the modern condition. This article explores how their different accounts of Oedipus as a political figure reveal their preoccupations with questions of power and political subjectivity.

‘Going digital’ – Its place in research into the history of modern accounting

This article presents the case for accounting historians to ‘go digital’, reflecting on a personal journey towards becoming a digital accounting historian, the motivations, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and outcomes. Above all, it describes benefits attainable by any accounting historian who allows ‘the digital’ to become how it should be, not the constraining master, but the flexible servant; and it sets a digital agenda for research into modern accounting history for now and for the future.

Modern problems of goodwill valuation in accounting and reporting and ways to solve them

Goodwill valuation issues are among the most problematic for modern accounting and reporting. This article identifies the most pressing problems in this area today and presents proposals for their solution. During the research, such methods as the method of analogies, logical approach, analysis and synthesis, comparison, grouping method, systematic approach were used. As a result of the research, proposals were made regarding the terminology used in the above area, as well as the author’s view on the rules for the initial and subsequent evaluation of goodwill, both acquired in a business combination and created within the organization. The results obtained in this article will be useful to a wide range of readers interested in modern problems of accounting and reporting, including the valuation of assets at their recognition and after their recognition in accounting. The results obtained in this work can also be applied in the educational process of higher educational institutions, in the practical work of accounting departments and in the development and improvement of relevant regulatory documents on accounting.