Moderating Effect Of Self-efficacy Research Articles

Relationship between perfectionism and depression in university students: moderation of self-efficacy

Objective To explore the moderating effects of self-efficacy between perfectionism and depression. Methods Using a convenient sampling method, a sample of 570 university students completed almost perfect scale-revised(APS-R), general self-efficacy scale(GSE), beck depression inventory(BDI). Results Correlational analyses indicated maladaptive perfectionism was positively correlated with depression (r=0.47, P 0.05). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated the moderation effects of self-efficacy was significant (β=-0.12, P<0.01) in that maladaptive perfectionism has closer relationship with depression when self-efficacy was low, suggesting that self-efficacy enhances the influence of maladaptive perfectionism on depression (β=0.536, P=0.000), whereas high self-efficacy reduces the corresponding influence (β=0.239, P=0.018). Conclusion Self-efficacy moderate the relation between maladaptive perfectionism and depression. Key words: Maladaptive perfectionism; Adaptive perfectionism; Depression; Moderation effect

The Relationship between Proactive Personality and Creative Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Learning Goal Orientation and Moderating Effects of Self-Efficacy, Organizational Climate, and Supervisor Support

The purposes of this study were to examine the influence of proactive personality on creative behavior, the mediating effect of learning goal orientation in the relationship between proactive personality and creative behavior, the moderating effect of creative self-efficacy in the relationship between proactive personality and learning goal orientation, the moderating effects of organizational creative climate and supervisor support for creativity in the relationship between learning goal orientation and creative behavior. Data were gathered from 330 employees who were working in one organization in Korea. To reduce the effect from the common method bias, the creative behavior was rated by others(three hundred and thirty peers, subordinates, and supervisors). As a result, learning goal orientation partially mediated the relationships between proactive personality and creative behavior. Creative self-efficacy moderated the relationship between proactive personality and learning goal orientation. Organizational creative climate moderated the relationship between learning goal orientation and creative behavior. Also supervisor support for creativity had a moderating effect between learning goal orientation and creative behavior. Finally, implication of results and future research tasks were discussed with limitations.

Job demands and work-related psychological responses among Malaysian technical workers: The moderating effects of self-efficacy

Job design has long been found to affect the work-related psychological responses of employees, such as psychological strain, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions, but scholars have begun to question whether established theoretical relations regarding job design continue to hold given the enormous changes in the nature of work during the past two decades. It is also increasingly recognized that individual differences affect work behaviours in substantial ways, but few studies on work design have investigated these differences. We addressed these concerns with a two-wave longitudinal study among 245 technical workers at a telecommunications company in Malaysia, a country that has a collectivist culture and a high power distance between managers and subordinates. We examined the moderating effects of job control and self-efficacy on the relationships between job demands and employee responses. The results failed to support the job demands-control model, as job control variables did not moderate the impact of demands on employee work-related psychological responses. However, self-efficacy moderated their impact on psychological strain (although not on job satisfaction or turnover intentions). Our findings provide insight into the moderating effect of self-efficacy, and suggest that practitioners interested in reducing psychological strain should consider making efforts to increase self-efficacy among employees.

Self-efficacy as a moderator of the planning–behaviour relationship in interventions designed to promote physical activity

Individuals who lack perceived self-efficacy may benefit less from planning interventions because they fail to apply their plans when encountering situations that appear challenging. Thus, self-efficacy may operate as a moderator in relation to the effects of planning interventions on behaviour. This article reports from two experimental studies using cluster randomisation. Study 1 included 58 patients with diabetes who received a face-to-face action planning intervention to improve their physical activity levels. Study 2 targeted the roles of planning and self-efficacy for the maintenance of regular running and for relapse prevention in 187 active individuals over a 2-year period. The email-delivered intervention prompted specific goal setting and facilitated planning to mobilise social support to secure relapse prevention. Results of the two studies were consistent with a moderating effect of self-efficacy in relation to the planning–behaviour relationship. Individuals with high self-efficacy benefited from planning interventions. If a person lacks self-efficacy, planning may not effectively promote physical activity.

Self-Regulation of Goals and Performance: Effects of Discrepancy Feedback, Regulatory Focus, and Self-Efficacy

We adopted a social cognitive approach of motivation (Bandura, 1986, 1989, 2002) to examine the influence of normative feedback and self-set goals on positive discrepancy creation and goal revision in the face of a novel task. The moderating effects of self-efficacy and regulatory focus were also examined. A laboratory study in-cluding 297 undergraduate students demonstrated that feedback, whether based on normative standards of performance or goal-performance discrepancies was a strong predictor of positive discrepancy creation and goal revision. Self-efficacy was also an independent predictor of goal revision, but regulatory focus was not. These findings have important practical implications for a variety of performance contexts (e.g., work, school, sports). Individuals will modify their goals based largely on feedback received (goal-performance discrepancies and normative standards); however, self-efficacy independently influences goal revision beyond the effects of feed-back. Other implications for research and practice are discussed.

전자결제시스템의 수용에 미치는 영향요인 : 서비스품질.사회적 영향요인을 중심으로

본 연구의 목적은 전자결제의 서비스품질과 사회화요인, 자기효능감의 조절효과를 통해 전자결제의 수용의도에 미치는 영향력을 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해서 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 2,331명의 전자결제 사용경험자로부터 자료를 수집하였고, 수집된 자료는 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 보안성, 반응성, 매스미디어, 구전, 보안성과 자기효능감의 상호작용이 전자결제 수용의도에 정(+)적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해 전자결제 수용의도의 영향력을 단순히 서비스품질만을 통해 설명하는 것보다 사회화의 영향력 및 자기효능감의 조절변수를 통해 설명하는 것이 더 적합하다는 것이 증명되었다. A number of people using e-payment system has been increasing drastically during the recent period and the trend still continues. The purpose of this article was to investigate the effect of service quality and social factors on the e-payment system acceptance and the moderating effects of self-efficacy in the perspective of the interactional approach. In this research, data were collected from 2331 e-payment system users with structured questionnaires and analyzed using regression analysis method. This research found that security, responsiveness, mass media, word of mouth, security and self-efficacy of interaction effect have significant positive effects on acceptance intension. The result of this research showed that the social influence and self-efficacy interactional approach are more adequate than only service quality in accounting for the e-payment system acceptance.

Perceived social and physical environmental correlates of physical activity in older adolescents and the moderating effect of self-efficacy

Objective To determine if perceptions of the social and physical environment are associated with active transport and leisure-time sports among Belgian youth and to investigate if this relationship is moderated by self-efficacy. Methods In February–May 2008, 1445 adolescents (17.4 ± 0.6 yrs) were recruited in 20 randomly selected Belgian schools. Physical activity, psychosocial, and environmental factors were assessed using validated questionnaires. Moderated multilevel regression analysis was used to examine the association between physical activity and possible correlates. Results Social environmental variables (modeling and social support) were positively associated with active transportation and leisure-time sports ( p < 0.05). Higher land use mix diversity, higher street connectivity, more attractive environments, better access to recreational facilities, and higher emotional satisfaction with the neighborhood were associated with more active transportation ( p < 0.05). Higher perceived safety from traffic, better access to recreational facilities, more physical activity equipment at home, and fewer electronic devices in the bedroom were associated with more leisure-time sports ( p < 0.05). Lower perceived safety and poorer access to (recreational) facilities were only associated with lower active transport among youth with lower self-efficacy ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Creating more supportive environments could have the potential to affect the physical activity levels of Belgian adolescents with both high and low self-efficacy.

Cognitive biases in the interpretation of autonomic arousal: A test of the construal bias hypothesis

According to Bandura’s construal bias hypothesis, derived from social cognitive theory, persons with the same heightened state of autonomic arousal may experience either pleasant or deleterious emotions depending on the strength of perceived self-efficacy. The current study tested this hypothesis by proposing that college students’ preexisting efficacy beliefs may affect how physiological arousal during exams is construed as a valence of positive emotion. Survey data were collected from 172 students in a statistics course at a large research university in the Midwest. Students provided self-reported intensity of autonomic arousal during previous exams, statistics self-efficacy, and positive affect toward a proximal final exam. The construal bias hypothesis was supported by a significant interaction between autonomic arousal and self-efficacy on the dependent variable positive affect. Results revealed that as autonomic arousal increased, so did the moderating effect of self-efficacy. Specifically, as physiological arousal intensified, students with high or low self-efficacy reported divergent levels of positive emotion. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.

The moderating effect of self-efficacy between received social support and depression in college students

Objective To explore the moderating effect of self-efficacy between received social support and depression in college students. Methods 451 undergraduate students from 2 universities in Harbin completed a battery of questionnaires,including BDI-13, GSES and SRRS. Results Self-efficacy(r=-0.421,P＜0.01)and received social support(r=-0.285,P＜0.01)were negatively related to depression.Hierarchical regression analysis confirmed that the effect of received social support on depression was moderated by self-efficacy(△R2=0.02,F=46.35,P＜0.01).The decreasing tendency of depression became more significant with increasing received social support when self-efficacy was in a low level(t=3.29,P＜0.01). Conclusion Both enhancing self-efficacy and providing direct material and emotional aid could help the students with low self-efficacy to improve their mental health. Key words: Depression; Received social support; Self-efficacy; Moderating effect

Buffering or Strengthening: The Moderating Effect of Self-Efficacy on Stressor—Strain Relationship

This study investigated the moderating effect of self-efficacy on stressor—strain relationship among 30 telephone interviewers in an academic survey research center. Participants filled out measures of the Skills Confidence Inventory and the Scale of Perceived Social Self-Efficacy. They reported their state anxiety and recorded the number of refusals at the middle and the end of a 4-hr work shift. Significant relationships were found between the number of refusals and interviewer-reported state anxiety at the middle and the end of the shift. Results suggested that perceived social self-efficacy tended to buffer such a relationship at the middle of the shift but strengthen the relationship at the end of the shift. Enterprising confidence also tended to strengthen the relationship at the end of shift. Results were discussed in terms of outcome expectancy and cognitive dissonance. Direction for future research was also discussed.

Self-efficacy effects on neuroelectric and behavioral indices of action monitoring in older adults

The relationships between self-efficacy (SE), i.e., beliefs in personal capabilities, and behavioral and neuroelectric (i.e., ERN, Pe) indices of action monitoring were investigated in 40 older adults (13 male) during the completion of a flanker paradigm performed under task conditions emphasizing either accuracy or speed. SE relative to task performance during both conditions was assessed prior to each cognitive task. Results indicated that high-SE older adults exhibited larger ERN and Pe amplitudes compared to low-SE older adults under the accuracy instruction condition. Additionally, a moderating effect of SE on the relationship between ERN and post-error response accuracy was revealed in the accuracy condition, with greater ERN amplitude associated with greater post-error accuracy in the high-SE group. No significant relationships were evident between ERN and post-error accuracy in the low-SE group. Further, no significant relationships involving SE were observed in the speed condition. The findings suggest that SE may be related to neuroelectric and behavioral indices of action monitoring in older adults when task demands require greater attention to action monitoring processes.

The Effects of Self-Efficacy on Behavior in Escalation Situations

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the hypothesis that perceptions of self-efficacy influence, in various ways, behavior in escalation situations. Self-efficacy beliefs for finding oil were measured for 527 petroleum geologists as they decided, at increasing levels of negative feedback in the form of dry wells, whether to persist with an unproductive venture in petroleum exploration. Experiment 1 employed a within-subject design and found a significant main effect of both negative feedback and initial self-efficacy. Differences in intentions to escalate between low and high self-efficacy individuals were apparent at all levels of negative feedback. No moderating effect of self-efficacy, however, was discernible. Experiment 2 employed a between-subjects design and multiple regression analysis. Like Experiment 1, Experiment 2 revealed a significant main effect of negative feedback and initial self-efficacy. Post-feedback self-efficacy was found to mediate the effects of negative feedback on the escalation tendency. Implications of these results for the self-efficacy and escalation literatures are discussed.

Work stress, self-efficacy, Chinese work values, and work well-being in Hong Kong and Beijing.

The authors tested the direct and moderating effects of self-efficacy and Chinese work values on relationships between job stressors and work wellbeing among employees in Hong Kong and Beijing. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from 105 and 129 employees in Hong Kong and Beijing, respectively. The results revealed that self-efficacy was positively related to job satisfaction in both samples. Selfefficacy was found to be a stress moderator in some of the stressor–work well-being relationships for both samples. The direct effect of Chinese work values on work well-being was minimal, and its moderating effects were partially demonstrated in some of the stressor–job satisfaction relationships.

Self-Efficacy, Outcome Expectations and Organizational Politics Perceptions

The purpose of this study was to explore the moderating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between outcome expectations and organizational politics perceptions. Regression analyses on data from 189 full-time employees in the hospitality industry revealed that outcome expectations were negatively related to perceptions of politics. Additionally, hierarchical moderated regression analysis revealed that high levels of self-efficacy and outcome expectations were associated with lower levels of organizational politics perceptions. Implications for addressing the causes of organizational politics perceptions are discussed.

Age and work outcomes: The moderating effects of self-efficacy and tool design effectiveness

Summary This field study addressed the relationship between age and work outcomes by investigating the effects of two potential moderators of age-work outcome relations: self-efficacy and perceptions of tool design effectiveness, while controlling for job tenure, job demands, and gender. Findings revealed that job-focused self-efficacy beliefs moderated the relationship between age and absenteeism, while tool design moderated the relationship between age and performance. Self-efficacy and tool design both had direct positive main effects on job satisfaction. Implications for research on age and constructive work force management are discussed.

Affective responses to acute exercise in elderly impaired males: the moderating effects of self-efficacy and age.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between perceptions of personal efficacy and affective responsibility to acute exercise in elderly male in-patients and outpatients at a Veterans Administration Medical Center. Participants completed self-efficacy measures prior to and following upper body ergometry exercise. Multidimensional affect was assessed prior to and following activity and in-task affect was assessed by retrospective recall. A significant change in feelings of fatigue was revealed over time but exercise effects on affect were shown to be moderated by perceptions of efficacy and age. Specifically, more efficacious individuals reported significantly more positive well-being and less psychological distress during and following exercise. Older individuals were less efficacious and experienced more negative responses to exercise. Finally, participants who experienced less psychological distress and more positive well-being during activity were more efficacious post-exercise. The results are discussed with respect to the role played by self-efficacy and age in the generation of affective responses to exercise.