Moderate-to-vigorous Physical Activity Behavior Research Articles

O9-8 Here, you step outside and you're into nature' Physical activity and health among first-generation Italian immigrants in Norway

BackgroundMoving to a different country often leads to changes in a person's health-related behaviours such as, among others, engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Italian immigrants in Norway have tripled in the past 15 years, but little is known about their lifestyle and health. The aim of this study was to examine i) the MVPA behaviour, ii) the association of MVPA with self-rated health, and iii) the perceived impact of moving among first-generation Italian immigrants in Norway.MethodsThe data was retrieved from a cross-sectional survey (n = 321) and a set of in-depth interviews (n = 14) conducted within the study Mens Sana in Corpore Sano. Inclusion criteria were: age ≥18 years, living in Norway permanently, having lived in Italy at least until age 16 years. The data included information on the participants' MVPA behaviour (amount, frequency, and mode), self-rated health, and perceived impact of moving on their MVPA behaviour. Additionally, socio-demographic characteristics (sex, age, and educational level) and factors associated with the settlement process (years in Norway, contact with close friends, and national identity) were included as covariates.ResultsMost of the respondents (62%) engaged in MVPA for ≥150 min/week; the mean MVPA frequency was 3.37±2.29 times/week. The most popular modes of MVPA were active transport and physical activity in natural settings. After controlling for multiple covariates, both engaging in MVPA for ≥150 min/week (β = 0.177; p = 0.002) and higher MVPA frequency (β = 0.164; p = 0.005) significantly predicted higher levels of self-rated health. While 15% of respondents perceived that moving to Norway had a negative impact on their MVPA behaviour, 50% perceived a positive impact. From the qualitative analysis, it emerged that proximity to natural environments and Norway’s culture that value outdoor recreations were important elements supporting the participants’ MVPA habits as well as their perceived health.ConclusionsIn spite of the relatively high socio-economic profile of most first-generation Italian immigrants in Norway, yet their MVPA levels is somewhat lower than the Norwegian population's. The physical and cultural environment in Norway, however, appears to contribute buffering the health challenges among Italian immigrants in Norway.

Children and adolescents do not compensate for physical activity but do compensate for sedentary behavior

Little is known about behavioral transfer and compensation within and between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior. Thus, taking a within-person perspective, this study investigated across 1 week whether (a) children and adolescents compensate for increased MVPA and sedentary behavior with less of the respective behavior the next day and (b) transfer and compensation occur between these behaviors within 1 day and across 2 days. We obtained data from 2676 participants (6–17 years) of the national Motorik-Modul (MoMo) study in Germany. Participants wore an ActiGraph accelerometer (Pensacola, FL, USA) for 7 days. We analyzed within- and between-day associations using hierarchical linear modeling. If youth engaged in 2 h more sedentary behavior than typical on any given day, they engaged in 37.20 min less MVPA the same day (B = −0.31, p < 0.001) as well as in 4.80 min more MVPA (B = 0.04, p < 0.001) and 7.20 min less sedentary behavior (B = −0.06, p < 0.001) the next day. If youth engaged in 1 h more MVPA than typical on any given day, they engaged in 97.80 min less sedentary behavior the same day (B = −1.63, p < 0.001) and in 5.40 min less sedentary behavior the next day (B = −0.09, p < 0.001). No association with next-day MVPA was observed. Our results indicate that children do not compensate for enhanced MVPA but transfer to less sedentary behavior, while more sedentary behavior is compensated with less sedentary behavior and more MVPA the next day. This provides essential information for the design of intervention studies to tackle physical inactivity and sedentary behavior.

The effects of experimentally manipulated social status and subjective social status on physical activity among Hispanic adolescents: An RCT.

Low objective socioeconomic status (SES) and subjective social status (SSS), one's perceived social rank, are associated with obesity. This association may be due, in part, to social status-related differences in energy expenditure. Experimental studies are needed to assess the extent to which SES and SSS relate to energy expenditure. Assess the effects of experimentally manipulated social status and SSS on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour. One hundred thirty-three Hispanic adolescents aged 15-21 were randomized to a high or low social status position, facilitated through a rigged game of Monopoly™. SSS was assessed with MacArthur Scales. Post-manipulation 24-h MVPA and sedentary behaviour were assessed via accelerometry. Analyses were conducted with general linear regression models. Experimentally manipulated social status did not significantly affect the total time spent in MVPA or sedentary behaviour; however, identifying as low SSS was significantly associated with less MVPA (p=0.0060; 18.76 min less). Tewnty-four-hour MVPA and sedentary behaviour are not affected by an acute experimental manipulation of social status. However, low SSS, independent of SES, was associated with clinically significant differences in MVPA. SSS may be a better predictor of MVPA than SES among Hispanic adolescents, potentially influencing obesity, and other health-related outcomes.

The Mediating Role of Self-Regulation and Self-Efficacy on Physical Activity Change in Community-Dwelling Older Adults (≥65 Years): An Experimental Cross-Lagged Analysis Using Data From SITLESS.

Improving the capacity for physical activity interventions to maintain behavior change is a key public health concern and an important strategy for the health and independence of older adults. Ways of ensuring effective maintenance of physical activity levels in older adults are unclear. This study includes the objective measure of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); self-reported self-efficacy; and self-regulation at four timepoints (baseline, intervention completion at 4 months, 12-, and 18-month follow-up) from the SITLESS study, a clinical trial conducted with a cohort of community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) from Denmark, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom. A cross-lagged analysis found that self-regulation and self-efficacy may be key determinants of MVPA behavior in community-dwelling older adults. More specifically, the use of behavioral support strategies represents an important correlate of MVPA behavior, and its association with MVPA may be mediated by self-regulation and self-efficacy in older adults in the short and long term.

Optimization of a technology-supported physical activity promotion intervention for breast cancer survivors: Results from Fit2Thrive.

The benefits of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for breast cancer survivors are well established. However, most are insufficiently active. Fit2Thrive used the Multiphase Optimization Strategy methodology to determine the effect of 5 intervention components on MVPA in this population. Two hundred sixty-nine participants (mean age, 52.5 years; SD, 9.9 years) received a core intervention (the Fit2Thrive self-monitoring app and Fitbit) and were randomly assigned to 5 intervention components set to on/off in a full factorial experiment: support calls, deluxe app, buddy, online gym, and text messages. The intervention was delivered over 12 weeks with a 12-week follow-up. MVPA was measured via accelerometry at the baseline (T1), at 12 weeks (T2), and at 24 weeks (T3). The main effects and interaction effects at each time point were examined for all components. Trial retention was high: 91.8% had valid accelerometer data at T2 or T3. Across all conditions, there were significant increases in MVPA (+53.6 min/wk; P < .001) and in the proportion of survivors meeting MVPA guidelines (+22.3%; P < .001) at T2 that were maintained but attenuated at T3 (MVPA, +24.6 min/wk; P < .001; meeting guidelines, +12.6%; P < .001). No individual components significantly improved MVPA, although increases were greater for the on level versus the off level for support calls, buddy, and text messages at T2 and T3. The Fit2Thrive core intervention (the self-monitoring app and Fitbit) is promising for increasing MVPA in breast cancer survivors, but the components provided no additional increases in MVPA. Future research should evaluate the core intervention in a randomized trial and determine what components optimize MVPA behaviors in breast cancer survivors.

The impact of the Covid-19 crisis on socioeconomic differences in physical activity behavior: Evidence from the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort study

Covid-19 and measures to contain spreading the disease have led to changed physical activity behavior. This study aims to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and changes in the amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during the Covid-19 crisis. Using the Dutch Lifelines Covid-19 cohort study (n = 17,749), the amount of MVPA was measured at 15 time-points between March and December 2020, and compared with the amount before the Covid19 pandemic. For SES, the population was stratified in three education and income levels. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) of altered MVPA for low and high SES groups, with the middle SES category as the reference group. A clear socioeconomic gradient in changes in MVPA behavior was observed. Low educated individuals had significantly higher odds (OR = 1.14; CI: 1.03–1.27) of decreasing MVPA, while the high educated had significantly lower odds of decreased MVPA (OR = 0.84, CI: 0.79–0.90). Both low education (OR = 0.87; CI: 0.77–0.98) and low income (OR = 0.85; CI 0.78–0.92) had significantly lower odds to increase MVPA, while high education (OR = 1.21, CI: 1.12–1.30) and high income (OR = 1.17; CI: 1.07–1.28) had significantly higher odds to increase MVPA. Most findings were consistent over the full research period. Socioeconomic inequalities in MVPA have increased during the Covid-19 pandemic, even when Covid-19 containment measures were relaxed. Our findings suggest that future public health policies need to increase efforts to improve physical activity behavior with an even larger focus on low SES groups.

Development of accelerometer-based light to vigorous physical activity in fitness profiles of school-aged children.

This study examined the developmental trajectories of light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in fitness profiles derived from motor competence, perceived motor competence, health-related fitness, and MVPA behavior. Locomotor, stability, and object control skills, muscular and cardiovascular fitness, and physical activity were assessed in 510 (girls 285 and boys 225) Finnish school-aged children (Mage =11.26±33years) over three years. Physical activity was measured using hip-mounted accelerometers. Fitness profiles were identified using latent profile analysis, and the development of physical activity levels across four assessments was analyzed with latent growth curve models. Results showed that (1) three homogeneous profiles were identified: At-risk, Intermediate, and Desirable; (2) the Desirable group was more physically active than the other groups, the Intermediate group was more physical active than the At-risk group; and (3) LPA decreased similarly over time, while MVPA remained stable in all three profiles. Initial more advanced motor competence, perceived motor competence, health-related fitness, and higher MVPA behavior were associated with higher levels of long-term LPA and MVPA. This finding supports the importance of motor competence skills acquisition in the early school years. Attention should also be paid to increasing engagement in light physical activities, especially in inactive or insufficiently active children with low motor competence skills.

Do different cognitive domains mediate the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and adolescents' off-task behaviour in the classroom?

BackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that adolescents’ moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with less off‐task behaviour in the classroom. However, the contribution of cognitive functions to this relation still remains unclear. Executive function and aspects of social cognition, which appear to be correlated with MVPA, have been found to determine academic behaviours.AimThis study examines the direct association between MVPA and off‐task behaviour as well as mediations by different cognitive domains.SampleForty‐six‐male and 67‐female adolescents aged 13.0 ± 1.3 years were recruited from local schools.MethodsParticipants recalled their MVPA. Using video cameras, their classroom behaviours were recorded and a 6‐min period was rated for off‐task behaviour. Additionally, participants completed a modified Flanker task, which assessed both inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, a Sternberg paradigm, which assessed working memory, and an Emotion Recognition task.ResultsPath‐analyses revealed that higher MVPA was associated with less off‐task behaviour. Inhibitory control accounted for a partial mediation of this association. The mediating role of inhibitory control was most pronounced for the relation between MVPA and off‐task behaviours related to noise.ConclusionThese findings provide a first indication that curricular and extracurricular physical activities targeting specific improvements in inhibitory control may promise transfer effects to classroom behaviours.

Trajectories of physical activity and sedentary behaviour during and after cardiac rehabilitation in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): Big Medilytics - Horizon 2020 Background Physical behaviour is a multidimensional construct comprising physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour. PA adherence, during and after cardiac rehabilitation (CR), is problematic with less than 55% of the patients meeting recommended levels. Furthermore, CR only results in limited improvements in sedentary behaviour. To optimize CR programs, more information is needed on which patients could benefit from additional physical behaviour counselling. Purpose To explore trajectories (improvement, stabilization, or worsening) of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour during and after CR, and to identify predictors for trajectory membership in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods The study was performed among 533 patients (mean age 57.9 ± 8.9years; 18.2% women) who participated in a 12-week multi-dimensional CR program that started (median) 35 days after hospitalization for ACS. Physical behaviour was measured using accelerometry at CR start, CR completion and 12 and 18 months follow-up. Latent class trajectory modelling was applied to explore trajectories for MVPA and sedentary behaviour. Separate trajectories were determined for the CR period and post-CR period. Using multinomial logistic regression, potential demographic, psychological, and cardiovascular predictors for each of the trajectories were explored. Results Using trajectory analyses, three classes of patients were identified for MVPA and sedentary behaviour both during and after CR: an increasing group, a declining group, and a steady group with only minor changes (see figure 1). Baseline physical behaviour level was the main predictor for declining trajectories, where, interestingly, patients with a higher starting level of the specific physical behaviour were more likely to be in the declining group as compared to the steady group (odds ratio (OR) for MVPA and sedentary behaviour during and post-CR ranging from 1.06-1.45, all p &amp;lt; 0.05). During CR, smokers were less likely to be in the declining group for sedentary behaviour (OR 0.29 (0.09-0.96)) as compared to the steady group. Post-CR, participants with a higher age were less likely to be in the increasing group for MVPA and more likely to be in the increasing group for sedentary behaviour (OR respectively 0.96 (0.93-1.00), 1.04 (1.01-1.07)). Furthermore, participants with a higher BMI were also less likely to be in the increasing group for MVPA post-CR (0.91 (0.84-1.00)). Conclusion: Distinct trajectories for MVPA and sedentary behaviour exist for CR patients, which are mainly distinguished by baseline physical behaviour level, where patients with a higher starting level of the specific physical behaviour were more likely to be in the declining class. We did not see this for the increasing group, suggesting that this phenomenon was not only explained by regression to the mean. Abstract Figure.

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Patterns Across Weekdays and Weekend Days in Youth With Multiple Sclerosis and Controls.

This study quantified and compared weekday and weekend patterns of device-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior between youth with pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) and controls for the purpose of informing future PA behavior change interventions. Participant data were obtained from 3 ongoing observational studies, and the sample included 40 participants with pediatric MS and 41 controls. Light PA (LPA), moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and sedentary behavior data were collected using activity monitors (ActiGraph LLC) over 1 week. The main analysis involved a 2-way mixed factor analysis of variance with group as a between-subjects factor (pediatric MS vs control) and day as a within-subjects factor (weekday vs weekend day). There was no group by day interaction from the analysis of variance for percentage of activity monitor wear time spent in LPA, MVPA, or sedentary behavior. There was no effect of group for LPA, MVPA, or sedentary behavior. There was an effect of day of week on percentage of day spent in LPA, MVPA, and sedentary behavior. These results suggest that youth with pediatric MS and controls were less physically active and more sedentary on weekends than on weekdays, but there were no differences between groups in PA and sedentary behavior overall or by day of the week. Physical activity interventions may be more successful by initially targeting weekend day activity.

Associations of Mothers' and Children's Stress With Children's Device-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Trajectories Across 3 Years.

Psychological stress has adverse effects on health-related behaviors, yet longitudinal research is lacking. Research examined how children's and mothers' perceived stress are associated with children's physical activity and sedentary behavior trajectories across 3 years. Mothers and their children (N = 186dyads; 8-12y at baseline, 57% Hispanic) completed 6 assessments across 3 years. Children and mothers self-reported perceived stress using the Stress in Children Scale and Perceived Stress Scale, respectively. Children's moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior were assessed using accelerometers. Mixed models examined interactions of mothers' and children's perceived stress by time elapsed in the study on children's MVPA and sedentary behavior. The perceived stress × time elapsed interactions were significant for children's MVPA and sedentary behavior (Ps < .05). Higher average perceived stress in mothers was associated with greater decreases in children's MVPA and increases in children's sedentary behavior. The child stress × time elapsed interactions was significant for children's MVPA (P < .05) but not sedentary behavior. Higher average perceived stress in children was associated with smaller decreases in children's MVPA. Interventions to promote physical activity and reduce screen time in children should mitigate the effects of psychological stress, especially among mothers, on these behaviors.

Correlates of dual trajectories of physical activity and sedentary time in youth: The UP & DOWN longitudinal study.

Trajectories of physical activity and sedentary time (SED) may differ between subgroups of youth. The aim of this study was to identify group-based dual trajectories of physical activity and SED and explore individual, social, and environmental correlates of these trajectories. Longitudinal data (three time points, baseline 2011-2012) of Spanish youth (n=1597, mean age=11.94±2.52, 50.9% boys) were used. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and SED were assessed objectively at each time point, and 21 potential correlates were self-reported at baseline. Parallel process growth mixture models identified shared categorical latent groups, adjusting for school and age. Multinomial logistic regression models identified baseline correlates of a given trajectory. Four shared categorical latent groups were identified: (1) stable MVPA and decreasing SED (4%); (2) stable MVPA and increasing SED (3%); (3) consistently higher MVPA (18%); and (4) stable low MVPA and slight increase in SED (75%). Multinomial logistic regression models with group 3 as reference found: negative affect (RRR=0.90, 95% CI 0.84-0.97), parental screen-time rules (RRR=1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.33), and household media equipment (RRR=1.17, 95% CI 1.05-1.30) predicted likelihood of group 1 membership; cons of reducing SED (RRR=2.70, 95% CI 1.77-4.10) predicted likelihood of group 2 membership; and co-participation in physical activity with friends (RRR=0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.94), fathers' modeling of TV viewing (RRR=1.22, 95% CI 1.02-1.47), and household media equipment (RRR=1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.31) predicted likelihood of group 4 membership. Results suggest that strategies to improve MVPA and SED behaviors among youth may need to be multifaceted, targeting all levels of influence.

Three-Year Changes in Low-Income Children's Physical Activity: Prospective Influence of Neighborhood Environment and Parent Supportive Behavior

To prospectively evaluate parent supportive behaviors (PSB) for child physical activity (PA) and neighborhood environment variables on changes in child PA over 3years. Secondary data analysis of the Now Everybody Together for Amazing and Healthful Kids-Worksstudy with 534 parent-child (age 2-4years) dyads randomized to a community-based pediatric obesity prevention intervention for 3years (92% retention). PSB and neighborhood environmental variables were examined in relation to changes in child moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light and sedentary activity, and screen time. Child and parent accelerometry data were collected at visit 0, 12, 24, and 36months. Mixed multivariate models were used to examine independent and interactive effects of parent-level and neighborhood-level variables on changes in child PA outcomes. PSB significantly interacted with visit on change in child MVPA (β=0.12) and sedentary behaviors (β= -0.18). Over 3years, a 1-unit increase in PSB was associated with an average increase of 4.3minutes/day of MVPA and an average decrease of 6.5minutes/day of sedentary time. Significant main effects were observed for PSB and 3-year change in child screen time (β=-0.05). The children of parents with higher PSB at baseline watched an average of 1.8 fewer minutes/day of screen time compared with parents with lower baseline PSB. Neighborhood-level variables were not significantly associated with changes in child PA outcomes. Parents who increase their supportive behaviors for their child's PA have children who are more physically active and less sedentary over time. Interventions to increase preschool-age children's PA may enhance their effectiveness by targeting parents' supportive behaviors for their child's PA.

Perceived coach-created environment directly predicts high school athletes’ physical activity during sport

Sport participation is an important means for adolescents to achieve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), yet most high school students including athletes do not achieve the 60-minute daily MVPA guideline. As psychosocial factors influence athlete engagement and physical activity during sport, the perceived environment created by coaches could play a role in this influence. Guided by self-determination and achievement goal theories, this four-month prospective study examined the direct and indirect effects of perceived coach-created environment on high school athletes’ MVPA and sedentary behavior (SB) during sport. During the third to fourth week of a sport season, 225 high school athletes ( Mage = 15.24 years) completed a survey assessing perceptions of coach-created empowering and disempowering climates as well as psychological need satisfaction and frustration. Four months later, their MVPA and SB percentage times (%) during sport were measured using accelerometers. Path analyses partially supported our hypothesis, indicating significant direct effects of a perceived empowering climate on need satisfaction (β = .41) and need frustration (β = –.29), and direct effects of a perceived disempowering climate on need frustration (β = .38) and MVPA% (β = –.28). No significant indirect effects on MVPA% or SB% were found. Findings support and provide new insights into the important role of disempowering beyond empowering climates in predicting high school athletes’ PA. Specifically, when coaches display ego-involving and controlling behaviors, high school athletes may disengage during sport and achieve less overall MVPA. Further examination of these relationships using a longitudinal design across more diverse samples is warranted.

Association Between Device-Measured Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Academic Performance in Adolescents.

Although many studies found a positive association between physical activity (PA) and academic performance (AP), most did not consider important variables of school setting and students' self-concept. To analyze the association between moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and AP in adolescents, considering potential confounding variables of school setting and self-concept in adolescents. The final sample was composed of 394 students (186 boys) with a mean age of 11.3 (SD = 0.8) years. The school grades were used as an indicator of AP. Measurements of body mass and stature were collected, and the body mass index was calculated and converted into z-score values. Maternal education, socioeconomic status, self-concept, and variables of the school setting were self-reported. MVPA and sedentary behavior (SB) were measured through accelerometry (GT3X and GT3X+; ActiGraph, Pensacola, Florida). Multiple linear regression was used for the association analyses, adopting p < .05. MVPA was inversely associated with global AP and mathematics only for girls: β = -.105 (95% CI [-0.205, -0.006]; p = .038); β = -.136 (95% CI [-0.261, -0.011]; p = .033). After adjusting for the school setting and self-concept, these significant associations disappear. MVPA was inversely associated with global AP and mathematics only for girls regardless of age, z-score body mass index, maternal education, socioeconomic status, and SB. However, after adjusting for school setting and self-concept, theses association disappear in mathematics and global AP, respectively. The device-measured MVPA was not associated with AP after controlling for important variables (school setting and self-concept).

Combinations of physical activity and screen time recommendations and their association with overweight/obesity in adolescents.

To examine the four possible combinations of adherence to physical activity and screen time recommendations in adolescents and how the combinations relate to overweight and obesity. A total of 9913 students in grades 7-12 were included in the present cross-sectional analyses. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen time, and body mass index were self-reported. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test the associations between combinations of MVPA (≥ 60 min/day [active] or < 60 min/day [inactive]) and screen time (≤ 2 h/day [not sedentary] or > 2 h/day [sedentary]) recommendations with overweight/obesity. We found that 53.1% of students in Ontario were considered "inactive+sedentary", 23.7% were considered "inactive+not sedentary", 12.1% were considered "active+sedentary", and 11.1% were considered "active+not sedentary". Some characteristics of "active+not sedentary" students (optimal category) included younger age, male gender, white ethnicity, higher socio-economic status, optimal sleep duration, and lower prevalence of cannabis use. After adjusting for relevant covariates, the "inactive+sedentary" group was more likely to report overweight/obesity than the "active+not sedentary" group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26-2.32). The "inactive+not sedentary" group was also more likely to report overweight/obesity (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.20-1.97) while the "active+sedentary" group was not significantly associated with overweight/obesity (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.88-1.83). Children meeting both the physical activity and screen time recommendations are less likely to be classified as overweight/obese compared with any other combination. Future efforts are needed to target both MVPA and sedentary behaviour to address public health concerns such as excess weight.

Distinct trajectories of moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior following a breast cancer diagnosis: the Pathways Study.

To identify distinct trajectories of total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior following a breast cancer diagnosis and their correlates. The analysis examined 3000 female breast cancer survivors within Kaiser Permanente Northern California between 2006 and 2013. Self-reported time spent on total MVPA and sedentary behaviors were assessed at baseline (mean = 1.8months post-diagnosis) and at 6 and 24months follow up. Trajectory groups were identified using group-based trajectory modeling and K-means for longitudinal data analysis. Trajectory groups were named by baseline activity level (high, medium, or low) and direction of change (increaser, decreaser, or maintainer). Trajectory analyses identified three MVPA trajectories [high decreaser (7%), medium decreaser (35%), low maintainer (58%)] and four sedentary behavior trajectories [high maintainer (18%), high decreaser (27%), low increaser (24%), and low maintainer (31%)]. Women with higher education (ORs: 1.63-4.37), income (OR: 1.37), dispositional optimism (ORs: 1.60-1.86), and social support (OR: 1.33) were more likely to be high or medium decreasers of MVPA (all P < 0.05). High maintainers and high decreasers of sedentary behavior were more likely to have higher education (OR: 1.84) and social support (ORs: 1.42-1.86), but lower income (OR: 0.66; all P < 0.05). In the 24months following breast cancer diagnosis, 42% of survivors decreased MVPA and 73% maintained or increased time on sedentary behavior. Socioeconomic status and stress coping at diagnosis predicted subsequent PA trajectory. It is important to prioritize exercise intervention and counseling during early stage of breast cancer survivorship, especially in survivors who are at high risk of becoming physically inactive post-diagnosis.

Does coaching experience and coaching efficacy of untrained volunteer youth sport coaches influence children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity?

This observational study addresses physical activity levels among youth sport participants as influenced by coaching experience and coaching efficacy. It describes the proportion of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per sport contextual factor by years of coaching experience and coaching efficacy. Physical activity levels of youth ( n = 146) were measured via accelerometer. Contextual factors of practice and physical activity were obtained via direct observation. Coaching experience and efficacy of volunteer coaches ( n = 26) were measured by a demographics questionnaire and the coaching efficacy scale. Practices averaged 69.81 min (SD = 13.12) with 39.7% (SE = 1.7) spent in sedentary behavior, 32.2% (SE = 1.5) in MVPA, and 20.6% (SE = 1.2) in vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA). Spearman-rho coefficients suggest no significant relationship between coaching efficacy and %MVPA ( rs = 0.337, p =0 .092) or %VPA ( rs = 0.200, p = 0.327). Repeated-measures analysis of variance found a significant relationship between direct observation MVPA and practice contextual factors, but not by coaching experience or efficacy. Multiple regression found no significance of either variable in predicting MVPA. Coaching experience and perceived coaching efficacy do not appear to influence MVPA behavior during sport practices; however, it is unclear whether coach education training in this area would. Emphasis on implementing coach training standards to enhance coaches’ confidence to motivate children to be more physically active during practice and opportunities to do so, may improve youth health through physical activity.

School-day Classroom-based Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior

Objective: Many school-aged children do not meet the daily minimum recommendations for accruing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and spend much of their day sedentary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of teacher-delivered classroom-based physical activity (CBPA) on students' MVPA and sedentary behaviors. Methods: Participants included 157 students across 7 classrooms and 500 student-days of observation. Students wore accelerometers for one week during fall of 2017, and teachers recorded their CBPA offerings daily. Minutes of scheduled recess and physical education (PE) also were recorded. Results: Overall, students spent the majority of the school day engaged in sedentary behavior, and accrued an average of 20 and 28 minutes of MVPA on non-PE and PE days, respectively. Students did not engage in lengthy bouts of sedentary behavior, and spent approximately 30 minutes each day in sedentary bouts. Mixed-effects regression analyses revealed that offering any CBPA was associated with greater percent time in MVPA and less in sedentary behavior. Conclusion: CBPA is an important contributor to the 30 minutes of school-day MVPA that students should accrue, especially since PE and recess are often not sufficient..

Relationship Between Fundamental Motor Skill Competence, Perceived Physical Competence and Free-Play Physical Activity in Children

ABSTRACTPurpose: This study examined the extent to which fundamental motor skill competence (FMSC; locomotor and object control skill competence) and perceived physical competence (PPC) predicted physical activity levels and sedentary behaviors during free-play time at preschool. Method: A total of 72 children (girls n = 33, boys n = 39; Mage = 4.38, SD = .85 years) were recruited from two preschools. Fundamental motor skill competence was measured using the Test of Gross Motor Development − 2nd edition, and PPC was assessed using the physical competence subscale of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance. Physical activity was measured using accelerometers. Results: Children engaged in light physical activity 19.66%, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) 36.41%, and sedentary behaviors 43.94% of their free-play time. Since no correlation was observed in light physical activity with any variables, a hierarchical multiple linear regression was run for MVPA and sedentary behaviors. The results illustrated 38.9% of the variance in MVPA during free-play time was predicted by FMSC and PPC, after controlling for age and sex, with locomotor skill competence as a significant predictor (t= 2.98, p < .05). For sedentary behaviors, the 32.9% of the variance during free-play time was predicted by FMSC and PPC, after controlling age and sex, with locomotor skill competence as a significant predictor (t = 2.72, p < .05). Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of developing FMSC and positive PPC during early childhood to enhance physical activity engagement during free-play.