Moderate Tension Research Articles

Mental health of university teachers under pandemic conditions: risk factors and ways of coping with them

Aim. The study of mental health risk factors in teachers in higher education and ways of coping with them under pandemic conditions in the period of forced switching to remote mode of education.
 Methods. Interdisciplinary psychological and sociological questionnaire-based survey of University teachers. A uniform feedback form contained the authors sociological questions, and the questions defining the extent of neuropsychic tension. The collection of empiric material was performed using Google Forms; the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the teachers answers was carried out by statistical and interpretative methods.
 Results. The mental health risks can include the increased workload, the tension caused by this fact, the strict control of the teachers work activities by the authorities. In 86.1% of the teachers, the tension in the period of remote work was accompanied with pains in various parts of the body, irritability, insomnia, and etc. A moderate neuropsychic tension was observed in 65% of teachers, and every forth of them (25.2%) experienced excessive, pronounced tension. In 20.6% of teachers, the stress and tension contributed to success and efficiency of the activities. The major part of teachers (70%) remained satisfied with their own performance capabilities.
 Conclusion. It is necessary to develop and implement a health protection program focused on the increase of the efficiency of professional activity, the personality resources, and the formation of psychological practices of the teachers personality self-preservation, self-realization and self-education.

Moderate kinesio taping stretch tension produced good inter-day reliability of dorsiflexion joint position sense measurement

Moderate kinesio taping stretch tension produced good inter-day reliability of dorsiflexion joint position sense measurement

Intraoperative Fascia Tension as an Alternative to Component Separation. A Prospective Observational Study.

Incisional hernias are common late complications of abdominal surgery, with a 1-year post-laparotomy incidence of about 20%. A giant hernia is often preceded by severe peritonitis of various causes. The Fasciotens® Abdomen device is used to stretch the fascia in a measurably controlled manner during surgery to achieve primary tension-free abdominal closure. This prospective observational study aims to clarify the extent to which this traction method can function as an alternative to component separation (CS) methods.Methods: We included data of 21 patients treated with intraoperative fascia stretching in seven specialized hernia centers between November 2019 and August 2020.Results: Intraoperatively-measured fascial distance averaged 17.3 cm (range 8.5–44 cm). After application of diagonal-anterior traction >10 kg for an average duration of 32.3 min (range 30–40 min), the fascial distance decreased by 9.8 cm (1–26 cm) to an average 7.5 cm (range 2–19 cm), which is a large effect (r = 0.62). The fascial length increase (average 9.8 cm) after applied traction was highly significant. All hernias were closed under moderate tension after the traction phase. In 19 patients, this closure was reinforced with mesh using a sublay technique.Conclusion: This method allows primary closure of complex (LOD) hernias and is potentially less prone to complications than component separation (CS) methods.

The Interfacial Electrostatics Defines MscS Gating and Inactivation

The membrane tension that drives transitions in mechanosensitive proteins is transmitted primarily through the polar/apolar interfaces of the lipid bilayer. The mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) of E. coli has two prominent arginines, R46 and R74, in each subunit which anchor the TM1 and TM2 helices to the cytoplasmic boundary of the membrane. Alignments of 171 MscS homologs show that the presence of positive charges (R, K or H) in these two locations is highly conserved. A distinctive property of WT MscS is that it inactivates under moderate tension, thus properly terminating an osmotic permeability response. Under depolarizing voltages, MscS inactivation is accelerated; hyperpolarization, on the contrary, slows down inactivation and accelerates recovery. Therefore, MscS utilizes normal membrane potential to return back to the resting state. We generated a variety of double mutants at these positions to investigate the interactions with the lipid head groups and examine the voltage dependence of inactivation. We found that N or T substitutions for R46 and R74 produce functional channels, even preserving the voltage sensitivity. The D, A or V mutations produce channels that do not rescue the osmotically sensitive MJF465 strain and do not open in full, demonstrating 10-30% of WT conductance. L, Y and W mutants support the gating and rescue, but remove the voltage dependence of inactivation and recovery. The data indicates that polar interactions between helix-anchoring residues and interfacial lipid phosphates are critical for gating. The transition to the open or inactivated state likely increases the number of favorable contacts with phosphates. Voltage dependence of inactivation can be related to the Lippmann's electrowetting effect, accumulation of co-ions or counter-ions in the double layer on the cytoplasmic surface, which changes the hydration of the TM2-TM3 interface that transmits tension to the gate.

Research on Habermas’s Thought on the Relationship Between Right and Power

How to accurately grasp the relationship between right and power is one of the core propositions of political philosophy, and is also a theoretical issue that Habermas has always paid great attention to. By studying Habermas’s thought of the relationship between right and power, we can not only deeply understand the basic concepts of his political philosophy, but also explore the way of thinking to safeguard civil rights and balance political power. Compared with traditional political philosophy, it is not difficult to find that Habermas neither advocates the separation of right and power as liberals, nor advocates the absolute integration of the two as republicans. In his view, the right to be the outcome of citizens’ spontaneous interaction must rely on coercive political power to enter into force. At the same time, political power can only obtain the legitimacy of existence in accordance with the principle of “people’s sovereignty” of the discourse theory, and this legitimacy foundation is precisely reflected in the right system of communication cycle. In short, right and power restrict each other and depend on each other, and they present an isomorphic relationship with moderate tension. Obviously, this view is a historical advance of political philosophy and has great theoretical and practical value.

Coating Flow Near Channel Exit. A Theoretical Perspective

The planar flow of a steady moving-wall free-surface jet is examined theoretically for moderate inertia and surface tension. The method of matched asymptotic expansion and singular perturbation is used to explore the rich dynamics near the stress singularity. A thin-film approach is also proposed to capture the flow further downstream where the flow becomes of the boundary-layer type. We exploit the similarity character of the flow to circumvent the presence of the singularity. The study is of close relevance to slot and blade coating. The jet is found to always contract near the channel exit, but presents a mild expansion further downstream for a thick coating film. We predict that separation occurs upstream of the exit for slot coating, essentially for any coating thickness near the moving substrate, and for a thin film near the die. For capillary number of order one, the jet profile is not affected by surface tension but the normal stress along the free surface exhibits a maximum that strengthens with surface tension. In contrast to existing numerical findings, we predict the existence of upstream influence as indicated by the nonlinear pressure dependence on upstream distance and the pressure undershoot (overshoot) in blade (slot) coating at the exit.

The effect of end-plate wetting and unpinned contact lines on the filament thinning of strain hardening fluids

The Filament Extension Atomizer™ (FEA) is a unique technology designed for highly viscous or strain-hardening fluids that are otherwise difficult to atomize. The fluid is processed as a thin film between the contact points of two counter-rotating rollers of different materials. As the film is processed beyond the contact point, it is subject to an extensional flow that creates numerous thin filaments. As the filaments are stretched, they thin, and eventually, surface tension causes them to break into tightly dispersed droplets. Certain fluids, particularly those of low to moderate viscosity and high surface tension, can present challenges to atomize in FEA. Due to the tendency of these fluids to coalesce, their wetting on the rollers has been critical in optimizing film formation, though the impact of surface wetting on filament formation and breakup is not well understood. Accordingly, we studied the role of end-plate wetting for a high surface tension, aqueous, strain-hardening polymer solution on filament formation, thinning, and breakup, and fluid transfer to the end-plates, using a modified Capillary Breakup Extensional Rheometer (CABER). We found that filament formation and evolution were dramatically affected by both the wetting and wetting imbalances between the two end-plates, leading to different behavior across different end-plate combinations. The highly imbalanced wetting scenarios (i.e., combining a highly wetting and a non-wetting end-plate) gave rise to the most extreme deviations from classic behavior in conventional CABER experiments, such as long persisting filaments.

A Study on Undergraduate Students’ Satisfaction of the Self-regulated English Class based on the Utilization of Movies

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of self-regulated English class based on the utilization of movie, Good Will Hunting for the consequent learning satisfaction of undergraduate students. To find out the students’ learning satisfaction of this instructional class method, this study utilized a questionnaire and interview with 82 students for the analysis. The questionnaire consisted of questions on subject opinions about cognition, learning motivation and learning behaviors. The difference in satisfaction between the experimental group and the control group was analyzed using the independent t-test. The results of this study were as follows. First, it showed effects in power of memory, meta-cognitive ability, and cognitive ability. Second, it had a substantial effect on controlling emotion, keeping moderate tension and learning motivation. Lastly, it had a positive effect on the undergraduate students’ satisfaction for learning practice, time management and behaviors. However, it did not enhance comprehensive ability, learning motivation, or utilizing learning sources. This study holds significance in observing how cognitive ability, learning motivation, and learning behavior of students are influenced by self-regulated English class based on utilization of movie. (Jungwon University)

An asymptotic-numerical comparative study for axisymmetric free surface liquid jet near and far from exit at high Reynolds number

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine theoretically the axisymmetric flow of a steady free-surface jet emerging from a tube for high inertia flow and moderate surface tension effect. Design/methodology/approach The method of matched asymptotic expansion is used to explore the rich dynamics near the exit where a stress singularity occurs. A boundary layer approach is also proposed to capture the flow further downstream where the free surface layer has grown significantly. Findings The jet is found to always contract near the tube exit. In contrast to existing numerical studies, the author explores the strength of upstream influence and the flow in the wall layer, resulting from jet contraction. This influence becomes particularly evident from the nonlinear pressure dependence on the upstream distance, as well as the pressure undershoot and overshoot at the exit for weak and strong gravity levels, respectively. The approach is validated against existing experimental and numerical data for the jet profile and centerline velocity where good agreement is obtained. Far from the exit, the author shows how the solution in the diffusive region can be matched to the inviscid far solution, providing the desired appropriate initial condition for the inviscid far flow solution. The location, at which the velocity becomes uniform across the jet, depends strongly on the gravity level and exhibits a non-monotonic behavior with respect to gravity and applied pressure gradient. The author finds that under weak gravity, surface tension has little influence on the final jet radius. The work is a crucial supplement to the existing numerical literature. Originality/value Given the presence of the stress singularity at the exit, the work constitutes a superior alternative to a computational approach where the singularity is typically and inaccurately smoothed over. In contrast, in the present study, the singularity is entirely circumvented. Moreover, the flow details are better elucidated, and the various scales involved in different regions are better identified.

Testing the Cosmic Distance Duality Relation with the Latest Strong Gravitational Lensing and Type Ia Supernovae

Abstract We perform a model-independent and comprehensive test on the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) by combining the latest observations of strong gravitational lensing (SGL) including a total of 161 well-measured systems from several surveys and observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), i.e., the joint light-curve analysis of SNe Ia and the Pantheon SNe Ia. We parameterize the CDDR in the form of , and also consider general lens mass models including the dependence on the lens redshift and surface mass density. First, we update tests using the new SGL and the two SNe Ia data sets for the singular isothermal sphere model. The constraint results suggest a moderate tension with the CDDR using the Pantheon SN Ia with a slightly negative η 0. We find that η 0 deviates significantly from the CDDR at more than the 3σ level if the lens mass model depends on redshift. Supplementary tests show that the error from aperture correction and the parameterization method of the CDDR can hardly justify the deviation. Several of the models investigated show some evidence for deviations from the CDDR. However, there is a significant scatter in the inferred level of the CDDR violation, depending on the model describing the population of strong lenses. This variance is too large for us to conclude yet that the CDDR is violated and needs further investigation and future measurements to be verified.

Cosmological discordances. III. More on measure properties, large-scale-structure constraints, the Hubble constant andPlanckdata

Consistency between cosmological data sets is essential for ongoing and future cosmological analyses. We first investigate the questions of stability and applicability of some moment-based inconsistency measures to multiple data sets. We show that the recently introduced index of inconsistency (IOI) is numerically stable while it can be applied to multiple data sets. We use an illustrative construction of constraints as well as an example with real data sets (i.e. WMAP versus Planck) to show some limitations of the application of the Karhunen-Loeve decomposition to discordance measures. Second, we perform various consistency analyzes using IOI between multiple current data sets while \textit{working with the entire common parameter spaces}. We find current Large-Scale-Structure (LSS) data sets (Planck CMB lensing, DES lensing-clustering and SDSS RSD) all to be consistent with one another. This is found to be not the case for Planck temperature (TT) versus polarization (TE,EE) data, where moderate inconsistencies are present. Noteworthy, we find a strong inconsistency between joint LSS probes and Planck with IOI=5.27, and a moderate tension between DES and Planck with IOI=3.14. Next, using the IOI metric, we compare the Hubble constant from five independent probes. We confirm previous strong tensions between local measurement (SH0ES) and Planck as well as between H0LiCOW and Planck, but also find new strong tensions between SH0ES measurement and the joint LSS probes with IOI=6.73 (i.e. 3.7-$\sigma$ in 1D) as well as between joint LSS and combined probes SH0ES+H0LiCOW with IOI=8.59 (i.e. 4.1-$\sigma$ in 1D). Whether due to systematic effects in the data sets or problems with the underlying model, sources of these old and new tensions need to be identified and dealt with.

Steady state cyclic behaviour of a half-plane contact in partial slip subject to varying normal load, moment, shear load, and moderate differential bulk tension

A new solution for a general half-plane contact in the steady state is presented. The contacting bodies are subject to a set of constant loads – normal force, shear force and bulk tension parallel with the interface – together with an oscillatory set of the same quantities. Partial slip conditions are expected to ensue for a range of these quantities. In addition, the line of action of the normal load component does not necessarily need to pass the centre-line of the contact, thereby introducing a moment and asymmetry in the contact extent. This advancement enables a mapping to be formalised between the normal and tangential problem. An exact and easy to apply recipe is defined.

Quantifying tensions in cosmological parameters: Interpreting the DES evidence ratio

We provide a new interpretation for the Bayes factor combination used in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) first year analysis to quantify the tension between the DES and Planck datasets. The ratio quantifies a Bayesian confidence in our ability to combine the datasets. This interpretation is prior-dependent, with wider prior widths boosting the confidence. We therefore propose that if there are any reasonable priors which reduce the confidence to below unity, then we cannot assert that the datasets are compatible. Computing the evidence ratios for the DES first year analysis and Planck, given that narrower priors drop the confidence to below unity, we conclude that DES and Planck are, in a Bayesian sense, incompatible under LCDM. Additionally we compute ratios which confirm the consensus that measurements of the acoustic scale by the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (SDSS) are compatible with Planck, whilst direct measurements of the acceleration rate of the Universe by the SHOES collaboration are not. We propose a modification to the Bayes ratio which removes the prior dependency using Kullback-Leibler divergences, and using this statistical test find Planck in strong tension with SHOES, in moderate tension with DES, and in no tension with SDSS. We propose this statistic as the optimal way to compare datasets, ahead of the next DES data releases, as well as future surveys. Finally, as an element of these calculations, we introduce in a cosmological setting the Bayesian model dimensionality, which is a parameterisation-independent measure of the number of parameters that a given dataset constrains.

Investigation of oil production and flowback in hydraulically-fractured water-wet formations using the Lab-on-a-Chip method

It is generally believed that a higher efficiency of flowback of the invaded fluid will result in a reduced formation damage and a higher oil rate. However, in water-wet formations having flow characteristics close to those seen in low permeability formations, high flowback does not always result in high oil production rates. In such reservoirs, the strength of capillary gradient across the matrix-fracture interface controls the amount of invaded-fluid flowback. This paper discusses two factors which impact the strength of capillary gradient: depth of fracture fluid invasion and presence of moderate interfacial tension (IFT) surfactant in the fracture fluid. Microfluidic-chip or otherwise called Lab-on-a-Chip based experiments are conducted in this work to highlight the discussed factors.For a water wetting chip, it is observed that as the depth of fracture fluid invasion into the matrix increases, flowback efficiency is improved while the late-time oil production rate decreases. Additionally, it is found that the presence of a moderate IFT-reducing surfactant in the fracture fluid aids in reducing the invasion-induced formation damage compared to a fracture fluid without surfactant. The work presented strongly impacts the oil industry in contemporary times when hydraulic fracturing is significantly prevalent. The results obtained provide a better understanding of the flow behavior of in-situ and invaded fracture fluids during production phase of the operation.

Nonlinear emergent elasticity and structural transitions of a skyrmion crystal under uniaxial distortion

Emergent crystals are periodic alignment of "emergent particles", i.e., localized collective behavior of atoms or their charges/spins/orbits. These novel states of matter, widely observed in various systems, may deform under mechanical forces with elasticity strikingly different from that of the underlying material. However, their nonlinear and critical behaviors under strong fields are hitherto unclear. Here we theoretically study the nonlinear elasticity and structural transitions of skyrmion crystals (SkX) suffering uniaxial distortion by using three different methods. Under moderate tension, SkX behaves like a ductile material, with a negative crossover elastic stiffness and a negative emergent Poisson's ratio at appropriate conditions of magnetic field. Under strong straining, we observe at most six phase transitions, leading to appearance of four novel emergent crystals that are thermodynamically metastable. When subject to external loads, emergent crystals rotate globally, and their composing "particles" have unlimited deformability, which render their exotic polymorphism.

Adaptation of Fatigue Affected Changes in Muscle EMG Frequency Characteristics for the Determination of Training Load in Physical Therapy for Cancer Patients

Cancer patients often experience loss in body weight and also a decrease in muscle mass, which results in the reduction of physical activity and mobilization of the patient. To decelerate the loss of muscle mass, as part of the cancer treatment patients frequently undergo physical therapy and considering the physical capabilities of the patients, with moderate loads. Moreover, frequent studies also observed for cancer patients, together with the decrease in muscle mass a shift into fast-twitch muscle fibers from slow-twitch fibers. The aim of our study therefore was to determine how motor fibers behave under moderate isometric load executed until total exhaustion. 11 university students (G1), and 14 elite athletes (G2) participated in the study. 65% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was determined for the biceps brachii muscle, and with this load holding a weight, participants had to sustain a 90 deg. isometric elbow flexion in a standing posture until complete fatigue occurred. EMG activity for the biceps brachii muscle was measured and frequency analysis was performed. 3 windows were determined in the fatiguing protocol: the first (W1), middle (W2), and last (W3) 5 s, and also frequency analysis for MVC was performed (MAX) between 0 and 260 Hz with 20 Hz wide frequency bands. The results indicate, that as the protocol progressed in time and the effect of fatigue increased (from W1 to W3) the activity of low frequency muscle fibers significantly increased (0-40 Hz) while activity of high frequency muscle fibers (60-260 Hz) significantly decreased for G1 and G2 groups identically. We can conclude, that training applied with constant moderate tension as fatigue increases will result in the increased activation of the lower frequency slow–twitch muscle fibers, but the increase of fatigue in the lower frequency fibers will not result in the increase in the activation level of the higher frequency fast-twitch fibers. Consequently, because as slow-twitch fibers are being used at moderate loads and even when fatigue occurs in these fibers the fast-twitch fibers will not work, higher muscle loads are needed if the aim is to activate fast-twitch fibers. Considering the shift into fast-twitch muscle fibers from slow-twitch fibers for cancer patients, in some cases if the patient’s age and physical status allows during the physical treatment, higher loads and consequently higher levels of activation might be beneficial for the retardment of loss concerning the fast-twitch fiber mass.

Lateral ankle ligament bracing

Covering the anatomic reconstruction (Broström procedure) with suture tape for more initial stability. Seat belt principle. Mechanical lateral ankle instability: athletes in sports at risk, patients with uncertain compliance with respect to the postoperative treatment regimen, patients with poor tissue quality, patients with generalized laxity, and patients with failed previous repairs. Known implant intolerance, local or systemic infection, local soft tissue affections, hemorrhagic disorders. Epimalleolar 5 cm skin incision. Anatomic repair of the lateral capsuloligamentous structures to the anterior facet of the lateral malleolus (e.g. Broström repair). Dissection down to origin and insertion of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL). Close proximal (fibula) and distal (talar neck) to the ATFL attachments to bone a2.7 mm (fibular) and a3.4 mm (talar) drill hole is created and taped with the respective tapes from the single use kit (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA). Placement of a3.5 mm × 15.8 mm BioComposite SwiveLock® screw, preloaded with suture tape into the fibula. The free ends of this suture tape are inserted into a4.75 mm × 19.1 mm SwiveLock® anchor, which is screwed into the talar drill hole under moderate tension of the suture tapes. Immobilization for 4-5days postoperatively in aleg and foot ScotchcastTM. Then, full load bearing within 1-2days in astable shoe (OrthoTECH Stabil, OrthoTECH GmbH, Stockdorf, Germany) for 5postoperative weeks for the day and anight splint (existing ScotchcastTM). Sensorimotor training initiated in the third and running in the eighth postoperative week. Return to competition in sports at risk (football, basketball, volleyball) 10-12weeks postoperatively. Measured with the validated FAAM-G (Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-German version) questionnaire, 9patients had apreoperative activities of daily living subscale median (minimum-maximum) of65 (30-100) and increased to98 (78-100) 12months postoperatively. Preoperative FAAM-G sport subscale results were35 (0-75) and 100 (19-100) after 12months. With the Sefton Grading System, 7 of 8followed patients had an excellent result and had unrestricted ankle mobility and stable ankles (talar tilt and anterior talar drawer), which is comparable to published suture tape augmentation reports.

The Role of Muscle Relaxants – Spasmolytic (Thiocochlicoside) in Postoperative Pain Management after Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction

Purpose:Post-operative pain after breast cancer surgery is a major problem and women undergoing mastectomy and breast reconstruction experience post-operative pain syndromes in approximately one-half of all cases. Patients who have undergone breast reconstruction after mastectomy can suffer from acute postoperative pain with moderate or strong tension. In some cases, chronic neuropathic pain syndromes may occur after surgery. Opioids are used to treat pain, with serious side effects. The systemic postoperative analgesic regimen as thiocochlicoside P.O. along with paracetamol and NSAIDs I.V., which may limit the administration of opioids without reducing pain relief, seems to be necessary.Materials and Methods:This study was a clinical trial randomizing 70 patients undergoing breast reconstruction. Two main protocols of systematic post-operative analgesia, one using thiocochlicoside (group A) and the other without them (group B), were used. Both groups received paracetamol X3 and lornoxicam X2 I.V. systematically. The pain measurement scale (NPS) used to measure post-operative pain. Likert scales were used to evaluate patient’s satisfaction and the difficulty from the side effects . An anonymous questionnaire was used for the data collection.Results:Statistically significant difference was found between pain on the day of surgery (p = 0.017) as well as the three subsequent days (p = 0.000). In group A , pain was reduced directly to half (Χ2 surgery pain = 93.888, p = 0.000) especially on the first post-operative day. In group A the satisfaction with analgesic treatment was higher than in group B (p = 0.002).Conclusion:The use of thiocochlicoside in post-operative analgesia in breast reconstruction after mastectomy contributes to reduce the pain intensity experienced by patients and to reduce the side effects of opioid analgesics as a result of reduced demand for opioid analgesics. Patients who received the analgesia using muscle relaxants-spasmolytic reported greater satisfaction.

The Removal of Histones from Ultrafine Anaphase Bridges Studied by Optical Tweezers

During mitosis, duplicated DNA has to be faithfully segregated into two daughter cells. In anaphase, regions of entangled double-stranded DNA between segregating sister chromatids can give rise to DNA threads known as ultrafine anaphase bridges (UFBs). Failure to resolve UFBs can result in genome instabilities. It has been proposed that a key step in UFB resolution is the removal of histones, and that this is facilitated by the SNF2-family protein PICH. The mechanism of nucleosome remodeling by PICH has, however, remained elusive. Here, we present a single-molecule assay that recapitulates chromatin re-organization during UFB resolution. In vitro chromatin constructs consisting of 4 to 12 high affinity histone binding sites (601 sequences) within an 8.5 kbp DNA molecule were prepared using a combination of restriction-enzyme based cloning and Gibson assembly. After reconstitution with human histones, these constructs were manipulated within a multi-channel microfluidic flow cell using dual-trap optical tweezers. This approach allows us to measure tension-induced nucleosome unwrapping in the presence or absence of PICH. Our results suggest that, under moderate tension (10 pN), PICH facilitates the unwrapping of nucleosomes. In further experiments, we aim to correlate nucleosome stability with the dynamics of single fluorescently-labelled PICH proteins on DNA. Taken together, our single-molecule approach provides new insights into the mechanisms by which PICH is involved in anaphase UFB resolution.

Evolutionary Specialization of Corynebacterium glutamicum MscCG, an Mscs-Like Mechanosensitive Channel, in Glutamate Export

MscCG, mechanosensitive channel of Corynebacterium glutamicum, has been identified as the major glutamate exporter in this bacterium. This ion channel-based secretion system is used for industrial monosodium glutamate (MSG) production. Despite their unique structural and functional features, MscCG channels are gated by membrane tension according to the “Force-From-Lipids” principle, which applies to all known MscS-like mechanosensitive channels. Here we show that MscCG is an evolutionarily specialized mechanosensitive channel for glutamate export in C. glutamicum. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that two different C. glutamicum mechanosensitive channels, MscCG and MscCG2, are derived from one of the MscS paralogs by gene horizontal transfer rather than from canonical MscS. By using patch-clamp technique to record channel activities from C. glutamicum giant spheroplasts, we identified three types of endogenous mechanosensitive channels, MscCG, MscCG2, and CgMscL. The channels differ from each other in conductance and activation threshold, when negative pressure (suction) is applied to the spheroplast patch membrane. MscCG has a small conductance of ∼320 pS followed by an intermediate MscCG2 conductance of ∼1.0 nS and comparably large conductance of 3.5 nS exhibited by CgMscL. By applying Laplace's law, we determined that moderate membrane tension of ∼5.5 mN/m was required for half activation of MscCG compared to ∼12 mN/m required for half activation of both MscCG2 and CgMscL. Mechanical properties of the C. glutamicum spheroplast membrane were evaluated by micro-pipette aspiration method. The membrane was found to be very soft compared to the E. coli spheroplast membrane, which appears to have co-evolved with MscCG to fit the channel specialization in transport of amino acids, such as glutamate.