Moderate Slope Research Articles

Selected movement and force pattern differences in rail- and rung-climbing of fire apparatus aerial ladders at 52.5° slope

This study compares human climbing performance, including climbing speed and movement and force patterns, between rail- and rung-climbing styles for a moderate aerial ladder slope (52.5°). Hand and foot movements and forces were recorded for 9 male and 10 female firefighters as they ascended and descended a 3.4-m ladder using elevated handrails (rail-climbing) or rungs (rung-climbing) for hand support. The results indicated that climbers used three or more points of contact 54% of the time for rung-climbing and 100% of the time for rail-climbing. Furthermore, rail-climbing was 10% faster than rung-climbing. In rail-climbing, the lateral hand forces were mostly directed away from the body; while during rung-climbing, they were alternated in lateral and medial directions. Overall, the results suggested that rail-climbing provides better control over body positioning and faster climbing speed. Furthermore, the continuous contact of both hands in rail-climbing may reduce the fall risk by facilitating the recovery from a slip or perturbation.

Ecological Linkages Between Snails and Litters In Mount Gandang Dewata, West Sulawesi

Mount Gandang Dewata in West Sulawesi was recently granted National Park status. Exploration of land snails in Taman Nasional Gandang Dewata (TNGD) has never been carried out. Therefore, a study of land snails in the National Park was conducted in April 2016 to examine the composition of land snails in different habitats, namely primary and secondary forests. Overall, 43 specimens (21 species from 8 families) were found from eight study sites. Snails are not found in steep areas, on moderate slopes 1-10 snails are found, and in flat areas 8-13 snails are found. The analysis was carried out by the principal components (PCA). According to the PCA, three groups of snails were formed. Environmental factors such as litter, altitude, humidity, calcium (Ca), nitrogen (N), and sodium (Na) are discussed in relation to snails. In this paper, litter factors are discussed in greater depth than other environmental factors. Snails and litter interact in an ecological relationship in the forest ecosystem of Mount Gandang Dewata.

Distribution of trespass cannabis cultivation and its risk to sensitive forest predators in California and Southern Oregon.

Illegal cannabis cultivation on public lands has emerged as a major threat to wildlife in California and southern Oregon due to the rampant use of pesticides, habitat destruction, and water diversions associated with trespass grow sites. The spatial distribution of cultivation sites, and the factors influencing where they are placed, remain largely unknown due to covert siting practices and limited surveillance funding. We obtained cannabis grow-site locality data from law enforcement agencies and used them to model the potential distribution of cultivation sites in forested regions of California and southern Oregon using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) methods. We mapped the likely distribution of trespass cannabis cultivation sites and identified environmental variables influencing where growers establish their plots to better understand the cumulative impacts of trespass cannabis cultivation on wildlife. We overlaid the resulting grow-site risk maps with habitat distribution maps for three forest species of conservation concern: Pacific fisher (Pekania pennanti), Humboldt marten (Martes caurina humboldtensis), and northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Results indicate that cannabis cultivation is fairly predictably distributed on public lands in low to mid-elevation (~800-1600m) forests and on moderate slopes (~30-60%). Somewhat paradoxically, results also suggest that growers either preferred sites inside of recently disturbed vegetation (especially those burned 8-12 years prior to cultivation) or well outside (>500m) of recent disturbance, perhaps indicating avoidance of open edges. We ground-truthed the model by surveying randomly selected stream courses for cultivation site presence in subsets of the modeling region and found previously undiscovered sites mostly within areas with predicted high likelihood of grow-site occurrence. Moderate to high-likelihood areas of trespass cultivation overlapped with 40 to 48% of modeled habitats of the three sensitive species. For the endangered southern Sierra Nevada fisher population, moderate-high likelihood growing areas overlapped with over 37% of modeled fisher denning habitat and with 100% of annual female fisher home ranges (mean overlap = 48.0% + 27.0 SD; n = 134) in two intensively studied populations on the Sierra National Forest. Locating and reclaiming contaminated cannabis grow sites by removing all environmental contaminants should be a high priority for resource managers.

Seismic Slope Displacement of Tailings Dam: A Comparative Study between Modified Newmark and Mohr-Coulomb Models

ABSTRACT Modified Newmark method is proposed including the equivalent seismic loading and critical acceleration dependant on the dynamically exerted plastic yielding and tension cutoff effects along the base of the sliding mass. The fully nonlinear FE analysis is based on elasto-plastic Mohr-Coulomb material model. The proposed algorithm was validated in an example of 72 m high tailings dam. The Newmark permanent displacements were compared with the average plastic deformations resulting from the nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb model. The comparison shows satisfactory agreement for low to moderate nonlinear slope behavior. For deep nonlinearity, the modified Newmark method can be used as a decision-making tool only.

Evaluating the Vulnerability of Agricultural Land Use to the Landslide Risk in Rural Areas (Case Study: Tarom County)

Purpose- Landslides are major hazards to human activities, which often wreak havoc on economic resources, damaging properties and facilities in rural areas. The present study, considering that a prerequisite of any development and planning is the recognition of the geographical features in an area, investigated the risk of landslide due to the expansion of agricultural land uses in rural areas.Design/Methodology/Approach- This is applied research that sought to examine the research background and select the most appropriate methods. Accordingly, it adopted a mixture of quantitative methods (fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy best-worst method), GIS, and remote sensing techniques to achieve the research goal.Findings- According to the research findings, with increasing height, slope, and vicinity to the fault lines, the risk of landslides rises in the study areas. These areas are mostly located in the highlands and the eastern and western regions, where rural areas are chiefly distributed. However, the majority of rural areas are distributed in the middle areas, which have better access to water resources and are in more favorable conditions due to topographic factors. Meanwhile, agricultural lands, due to the use of river water resources, have been distributed in the middle areas, which are classified as low-risk areas in terms of landslides. In contrast, due to the limited flatlands in highlands, agricultural gardens have developed in highlands with a moderate slope, which subsequently poses the risk of landslide. Therefore, the regular monitoring of land use development to increase the safety factor in new housing construction and agricultural lands is one of the planning requirements for land use development in mountainous rural areas.

Distribution and habitat preferences of the Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla (Mammalia: Manidae) in the mid-hills of Nepal

The Chinese Pangolin is a ‘Critically Endangered’ species, which is estimated to have declined by over 90% in the last 21 years due to increased anthropogenic activities on the species and its habitat. Only a few pieces of research on the Chinese Pangolin have been done throughout Nepal; there is little information among the mammal species of Nepal, especially on distribution and habitat preference. This study was set to assess the distribution and habitat preferences of the Chinese Pangolin in Panauti municipality, central Nepal. We identified the most preferred habitat of the Chinese Pangolin using different covariates. Its preferred habitat was found ranging 1,450–1,600 m of elevation within a moderate slope of 5–25° steepness, forested areas in west-facing slopes. The maximum number of burrows of the species were found to be distributed in open canopy (0–50 % coverage). The increase anthropogenic activities in the agricultural land and deforestation in forested land has negatively impacted the occurrence of the Chinese Pangolin. We recommend that the community-based conservation initiatives like community forestry programs should be robustly implemented in the study area for better conservation of species and habitat in the coming years.

Sprinting kinematics and inter-limb coordination patterns at varying slope inclinations

ABSTRACT Uphill training is applied to induce specific overload on the musculoskeletal system to improve sprinting mechanics. This study aimed to identify unique kinematic features of uphill sprinting at different slopes and to suggest practical implications based on comparisons we early stance phase. At take-off, steeper slopes induced significantly more extended joint angles and higher ROMs during the late stance phase. Compared with moderate slopes, more anti-phase coordination patterns were detected at steeper slopes. Thus, uphill sprinting at steeper slopes shares essential kinematic features with the early acceleration phase of level sprinting. Moderate inclinations induce biomechanical adaptations similar to those in the late acceleration phase of level sprinting. Hence, the specific transfer of uphill sprinting to acceleration depends on the slope inclinations.

Runners Adapt Different Lower-Limb Movement Patterns With Respect to Different Speeds and Downhill Slopes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of slope and speed on lower-limb kinematics and energy cost of running. Six well-trained runners (VO2max 72 ± 6 mL·kg−1·min−1) were recruited for the study and performed (1) VO2max and energy cost tests and (2) an experimental running protocol at two speeds, 12 km·h−1 and a speed corresponding to 80% of VO2max (V80, 15.8 ± 1.3 km·h−1) on three different slopes (0°, −5°, and −10°), totaling six 5-min workload conditions. The workload conditions were randomly ordered and performed continuously. The tests lasted 30 min in total. All testing was performed on a large treadmill (3 × 5 m) that offered control over both speed and slope. Three-dimensional kinematic data of the right lower limb were captured during the experimental running protocol using eight infrared cameras with a sampling frequency of 150 Hz. Running kinematics were calculated using a lower body model and inverse kinematics approach. The generic model contained three, one, and two degrees of freedom at the hip, knee, and ankle joints, respectively. Oxygen uptake was measured throughout the experimental protocol. Maximum hip extension and flexion during the stance phase increased due to higher speed (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). Knee extension at the touchdown and maximal knee flexion in the stance phase both increased on steeper downhill slopes (both p < 0.05). Ground contact time (GCT) decreased as the speed increased (p < 0.01) but was unaffected by slope (p = 0.73). Runners modified their hip movement pattern in the sagittal plane in response to changes in speed, whereas they altered their knee movement pattern during the touchdown and stance phases in response to changes in slope. While energy cost of running was unaffected by speed alone (p = 0.379), a shift in energy cost was observed for different speeds as the downhill gradient increased (p < 0.001). Energy cost was lower at V80 than 12 km·h−1 on a −5° slope but worse on a −10° slope. This indicates that higher speeds are more efficient on moderate downhill slopes (−5°), while lower speeds are more efficient on steeper downhill slopes (−10°).

Vertikal Accuracy Assessment On Sentinel-1, Alos Palsar, And Demnas In The Ciater Basin

Vertical accuracy in DEM (Digital Elevation Model) products is very important for an earth study. There are medium resolution DEM data products that can be accessed freely such as DEMNAS, Alos Palsar 12.5m and Sentinel-1. The aim of this study is to measure the vertical accuracy of the DEMNAS, Alos Palsar 12.5m and Sentinel-1 data products by considering the slope angle classification and using two different GIS software. Vertical accuracy is measured using 848 spotheight points, by calculating the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) value of each DEM product with different software. Based on the research, it was found that DEMNAS is a DEM product that has the best comparability value than Alos Palsar and Sentinel-1, because it has the smallest RMSE value. Slope angle class gives different values of bias against absorption and reflection of electro magnetic waves. Flat to moderate steep slope angles tend to be better at absorbing and reflecting electromagnetic waves. Perbedaan software dalam analisis tidak terlalu mempengaruhi ketinggian titik tinggi DEM dan RMSE. The spotheight point needs to be reaccurated with a more detailed geodetic point, to get maximum results .

Conservation and privatization decisions in land reform of New Zealand’s high country

SummaryNeoliberal land reforms to increase economic development have important implications for biodiversity conservation. This paper investigates land reform in New Zealand’s South Island that divides leased state-owned stations (ranches) with private grazing leases into state-owned conservation land, private land owned by the former leaseholder and private land under protective covenant (similar to conservation easement). Conserved lands had less threatened vegetation, lower productivity, less proximity to towns and steeper slopes than privatized lands. Covenants on private land were more common in intermediate zones with moderate land-use productivity and slope. Lands identified with ecological or recreational ‘significant inherent values’ were more likely to shift into conserved or covenant status. Yet among lands with identified ecological values, higher-threat areas were more likely to be privatized than lower-threat areas. This paper makes two novel contributions: (1) quantitatively examining the role of scientific recommendations about significant inherent values in land reform outcomes; and (2) examining the use of conservation covenants on privatized land. To achieve biodiversity goals, it is critical to avoid or prevent the removal of land-use restrictions beyond protected areas.

Return on time investment: Writing resources

Return on time investment: Writing resources

Shoreline trajectory and stratal stacking patterns: Relation to sediment partitioning and types of deep-lacustrine deposits

This study utilizes drilling data to investigate shoreline trajectory, associated stratal stacking patterns and their relationships to sediment partitioning within the Lower Triassic in the Mahu Sag, northwestern Junggar Basin. Accretionary transgression occurred with changing of shoreline trajectory, sediment partition and basin-margin morphology. Two main types of shoreline trajectory and their associated stratal stacking patterns were recognized: (1) slightly rising trajectory, which has low trajectory angle (0.065°–0.072°) and is associated with retrogradational to aggradational back-stepping stacking patterns with low slope relief, and (2) moderately rising trajectory, which has relatively higher trajectory angle (0.09°–0.27°) and is associated with aggradational to retrogradational stacking patterns with moderate slope relief. The rising shoreline trajectory is associated with a fan-delta system with facies belts that migrate landward and are fining-upward, which is characterized by thick plain and thin front architecture. In vertical, the ascending trajectory developed with upward decreasing of sediment grain-size, muddy matrix changed to sandy matrix and even changed to clast supported in conglomerates. In planar, shoreline trajectory angle variations exist associated with different delta-front processes and different prodelta/deep-lacustrine deposits. Shoreline trajectory angle variations generated by sediment partition represents the relations between aggradation and retrogradation which determines the basin-margin growth pattern and morphology. It also indicates the vertical succession of basin-margin deposits and the preservation potential of deposits generated in various depositional environments. The results of this study show that shoreline trajectory could be a good indicator for basin-margin process and reservoir interpretation.

Determination of slope susceptibility in hydrothermally altered rocks region with a case study in wonotirto district, blitar regency, east java province, indonesia

The significance of slope susceptibility study in hydrothermally altered area is to determine which area that geological landslide hazard is potentially occurred. This study is aimed to develop a geological hazard map based on overlaying of slope data and types of hydrothermal alteration, with the case study in Wonotirto district, Blitar regency, East Java province. Wonotirto district lies on a high topographic terrain covered up by hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks. To achieve these aims, this study was performed a suite of research methods, which are conducted through four work stages including geological mapping and slope observation, sampling, laboratory analysis and data interpretation. Slope data measurement is based on DEM data and verified in the field. Laboratory analyses consist of petrography, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and geomechanical properties analysis for the representative samples. The hydrothermal alteration occurred in study area consists of 4 (four) alteration types i.e. silicification, advanced argillic, argillic and propylitic alteration. Overlaying of slope data, geomechanical properties of rocks and the provided alteration map by using ArcGIS software leads the determination of slope susceptibility of the area. The area covered by extensive argillic-altered rocks shows highest slope susceptibility. On the map, the high slope susceptibility places on the northernmost sector of the study area. Meanwhile, the moderate slope susceptibility area occupies the central part of the map and the southernmost part has the lower slope susceptibility. Argillic altered rocks contain abundant clay minerals such as smectite and illite. Smectite, particularly, is a clay mineral type which has high swelling potential index. The abundantly presence of the clay minerals in the altered rocks may trigger the formation of geological landslide failure/hazard in the region.

Shear Thicking and Impact Resistance Properties of STG in Flexible Protection Application

The rheological properties of shear thickening gel(STG) and its application as protective composite were studied in the paper. Upon applying a shear stress with excitation frequency from 1 Hz to 100 Hz, the storage modulus (G’) of the STG increases from 101 Pa to 105 Pa, demonstrating an excellent shear thickening effect. The reduction of temperature increases the G’min of STG, but when the temperature reaches at 50°C, the G’ curve shows a moderate slope and a gradual transition to the constant plateau value. By introducing STG into polyurethane foam and kevlar fiber with dip and dry method, successfully fabricate a nove safeguarding polymer composite. The protective performance of composite protective materials was studied by static compression experiment and drop hammer impact experiment. The addition of STG increases the impact resistance and puncture resistance of PU and kevlar by at least two times. The materials shows excellent shear stiffening effect, creep resisting and impact resistant propertie.

A physical model simulation of combination of a geo-bag dike and mangrove vegetation as a natural coastal protection system for the Indonesian shoreline

To mitigate coastal erosion, coastal regions worldwide focus on sustainable coastal development practices. To this end, many countries use natural protective methods, including the use of vegetation such as mangroves. However, this practice is challenging. For example, mangrove seedlings are often damaged by sea waves before they can grow strong enough to protect coastal lines, and hence they require protection for at least two years after planting. In this study, a coastal protection system combining a main natural structure and a temporary artificial structure is proposed. The effectiveness of this method is related to the deep-water steepness of the incoming waves and the transmitted wave parameters. The transmitted waves consist of two parts: waves transmitted after the water has passed through the artificial system, and those transmitted after it has passed through the mangroves. The first part affects the juvenile mangroves, whereas the latter affects the shoreline. To identify natural coastal protection methods applicable to Indonesia, wave steepness data specific to Indonesian waters were derived using data from an online open database. After weighing the alternatives for temporary human-made structures, the geo-bag dike was chosen. The effects of various geo-bag-dike configurations and geo-bag unit weights on wave height reduction were quantified. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a narrow wave flume using a mangrove model as the main structure and geo-textile-geo-bag models as temporary artificial structures. Based on the dimensionless wave steepness data, the wave conditions of Indonesian waters were produced in the laboratory. This study determined the most effective geo-bag-dike configuration to reduce the wave height, which affects juvenile mangroves, and to decrease the height of transmitted waves after they have passed through mangroves, which cause shoreline erosion. The results reveal that the effectiveness of a temporary geo-bag-dike structure significantly depends on the incoming wave height and the dimensionless wave steepness. The steeper the waves are, the greater the reduction in the transmitted wave height. The results also showed that the reduction in wave height due to the presence of a geo-bag-dike structure varied between 2% and 65% in front of the juvenile mangroves and between 8% and 71% after the waves passed through them. The most effective geo-bag-dike configuration uses relatively heavy geo-bag units with a moderate dike slope of 1:2.0. The reduction significantly depended on the wave parameters, slope, and unit weight.

Mesoporous manganese cobaltate: Colloid assisted ethylene glycol combustion synthesis and application in efficient water oxidation

The development of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts with attractive price, robust activity, and superior durability are desirable for efficient water splitting. In the present work, a facile and fast colloid assisted ethylene glycol (EG) combustion synthesis strategy was developed to prepare mesoporous manganese cobaltate (MnCo2O4) with a large specific surface area (SSA). The as-prepared MnCo2O4 delivered a high SSA of 124.4 m2 g−1 with hierarchical mesopores in the range of 3–30 nm. It offered short diffusion paths and rich active sites, which can promote the OER catalytic activity. When applied as the electrocatalyst for OER, the mesoporous MnCo2O4 demonstrated an ultra-low overpotential of 0.24 V at 10 mA cm−2, and a moderate Tafel slope with robust durability. This work not only puts forward a novel synthetic route towards mesoporous MnCo2O4 with high SSA but also reveals its tremendous prospects in the field of electrocatalytic water oxidation.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Multispectral Remote Sensing for Commercially Important Aromatic Crops in India for Its Efficient Monitoring and Management

Aromatic plants cultivation, processing and marketing is an upcoming agro-industry. The yields from these plants are generally governed by its good management practices of timely, suitable and precise actions against damaging factors. Remote sensing in agriculture is not a new phenomenon anymore, but using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV, commonly known as drones) for the same is a pertinent topic these days, especially in India. Therefore, the study seeks to perform UAV-based airborne data acquisition, processing and analysis for modernised agricultural practices, finding of which may lead to generate rapid and on-demand real-time remotely sensed data for precision agriculture of commercial crops, which require more care and timely inputs as compared to conventional crops. The UAV high-resolution (1.5 cm/pixel) data were acquired from Mica Sense Altum, a 6 bands multispectral sensor, mounted over an indigenous Quad-copter (< 5 kg). With the help of processed orthoimage, the 22 plots of Rosa damascena (Damask Rose) were precisely (95% accuracy) classified into 03 categories, i.e., rose canopy, weed and open soil areas. We have also estimated digital plant count, plant height derived from canopy height model (CHM), canopy temperature and the topographic conditions of the crop plots. The digital plant counting for R. damascena planted in 4323 m2 area took 1.2 h as compared to manual 5.94 h counting. Average plant height values derived from CHM ranged from 23–68 cm as compared to 28–71 cm manually measured heights. Results were compared with ground sampling data, with which high correlation was found in digital plant count (R2 = 0.99) and plant height (96.69% accuracy). The derived average moderate slopes and northeast aspect suggested suitable topographic conditions required for R. damascena cultivation. The image-derived canopy temperature was compared to the relative ground-based measurements, obtaining accuracy percent of 98.54%. The outcomes are encouraging and have potential to be applied for future UAV grounded applications by farmhands.

Present practices and emerging opportunities in bioengineering for slope stabilization in Malaysia: An overview.

Population increase and the demand for infrastructure development such as construction of highways and road widening are intangible, leading up to mass land clearing. As flat terrains become scarce, infrastructure expansions have moved on to hilly terrains, cutting through slopes and forests. Unvegetated or bare slopes are prone to erosion due to the lack of or insufficient surface cover. The combination of exposed slope, uncontrolled slope management practices, poor slope planning and high rainfall as in Malaysia could steer towards slope failures which then results in landslides under acute situation. Moreover, due to the tropical weather, the soils undergo intense chemical weathering and leaching that elevates soil erosion and surface runoff. Mitigation measures are vital to address slope failures as they lead to economic loss and loss of lives. Since there is minimal or limited information and investigations on slope stabilization methods in Malaysia, this review deciphers into the current slope management practices such as geotextiles, brush layering, live poles, rock buttress and concrete structures. However, these methods have their drawbacks. Thus, as a way forward, we highlight the potential application of soil bioengineering methods especially on the use of whole plants. Here, we discuss the general attributions of a plant in slope stabilization including its mechanical, hydrological and hydraulic effects. Subsequently, we focus on species selection, and engineering properties of vegetation especially rooting structures and architecture. Finally, the review will dissect and assess the ecological principles for vegetation establishment with an emphasis on adopting the mix-culture approach as a slope failure mitigation measure. Nevertheless, the use of soil bioengineering is limited to low to moderate risk slopes only, while in high-risk slopes, the use of traditional engineering measure is deemed more appropriate and remain to be the solution for slope stabilization.

A case study of runoff and sediment yield in areas subjected to different forest thinning operations in a northern New Mexico forest

Forest thinning practices play a fundamental role in natural resource management and are used to reduce forest density, particularly in the southwestern United States. Increased forest density can significantly influence fuel loads and subsequent fire severity. Moderate and high fire severity may increase surface runoff and sediment yield during postfire rainfall events. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of thinning treatments on runoff and sediment yield in northern New Mexico forests. Four cover types were tested to evaluate how they influenced runoff and sedimentation. The four cover types included control (nonthinned), interspace (between slash piles), lop-scatter (slash was scattered and burned), and pile (slash was piled and burned). In addition, each cover type was tested on two categories of slopes: mild slopes (&lt;5%) and moderate slopes (5% to 20%). Rainfall simulations (~16 cm h^–1) for both dry and wet runs were used to measure runoff and sediment yield in 2015 and 2017. Results showed pile treatments had significantly higher time to runoff initiation than did control plots during dry runs. Time to peak runoff was significantly different in mild slope (38.1 min) than moderate slope (25.4 min) in the dry run. Wet run time to peak runoff was found to be greater under the pile treatment as compared to other treatments. Sediment yield was significantly greater on moderate slopes in pile and lop-scatter treatments as compared to control for dry runs. For wet runs, a significant effect was detected between slopes; moderate (greater) slopes produced greater sediment than mild (lesser) slopes. The pile treatments may provide beneficial impacts for watersheds despite the delayed peak runoff in response to rainfall on milder slopes. However, high sediment yield with runoff for pile thinning treatments in steeper slope locations will be important to include when evaluating management impacts on natural resources in the future. Overall, this case study shows that thinning activities in conifer forests of New Mexico have the potential to impact the hydrological function of the watershed and should be considered as part of an overall forest and watershed management strategy.

GIS Based Morphometric Analysis of Gudina Wacho Watershed, Western Ethiopia: Suggestion for Surface Irrigation Development

Morphometric analysis of watershed has a vigorous protagonist in predicting site for surface irrigation development. Morphometric analysis is the measurement and mathematical examination of the arrangement of the earth’s surface, shape and dimension of its landform. The present study was analyzed the morphometric parameters (liner, areal and relief parameters) of Gudina Wacho watershed for surface irrigation development using GIS. SRTM DEM with 20-meter spatial resolution of the study area was used for the morphometric parameters analysis. The results revealed that the stream orders of the watershed varies from first order to sixth order with a total of 1266 stream numbers measured a total length of 408.98 Kms. It is also elongated in shape, contains high value of bifurcation ratio, high value of drainage density, higher stream frequency, have moderate slopes with moderate gravity flow of water, moderate infiltration and higher soil moisture content. These results revealed the rainwater will reach the main channel more rapidly and thus a high response to runoff. Also indicates it is simple to harvest rainwater / runoff water for surface irrigation development and implies as good category for surface irrigation. Over all of the morphometric analysis reflects the watershed is favorable for surface irrigation development and it can benefit the local community to meet the food demand. For more proper evaluation of the watershed for surface irrigation development, further investigation on the physical land suitability analysis of the watershed is needed.