Moderate Perception Research Articles

Psychoacoustic characteristics of music soundtracks moderate juice taste perception

Eating and drinking constitute the most multisensory aspect of our daily lives. Altering external sensory factors, particularly auditory stimuli, has been suggested as a promising factor for influencing taste perception. In this context, this study investigated the effect of music on the taste of orange juice in a multisensory and controlled indoor environment laboratory (Sens i-Lab). We conducted a juice-tasting experiment, focusing on individuals' flavour perception while exposed to eight music soundtracks that were created, manipulating three sonic attributes (Articulation, Tempo and Pitch). The audio stimuli underwent analysis using various psychoacoustic parameters, including sound pressure level, loudness, sharpness, roughness, fluctuation, and tonality. Correlation analysis revealed specific patterns between the average taste ratings of orange juice and the psychometric characteristics of eight music soundtracks. The sweet flavour exhibited negative correlations with roughness. Besides, the sour and bitter taste showed positive correlations with sound level.

Adherence Patterns and Health Outcomes in Spanish Young Women Participating in a Virtual-Guided HIIT Program: Insights from the Randomized Controlled WISE Trial

Background/Objectives. A notable decline in physical activity from late adolescence to early adulthood affects young women especially. This study aimed to investigate adherence to an unsupervised virtual-guided high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise program among young women in Spain. Methods. A total of 106 participants were recruited and randomized to the Women’s Involvement in Steady Exercise (WISE) trial exercise program, administered remotely via a mobile app, and a control group. The primary outcome was adherence measured through daily steps. Secondary variables were patient-reported outcomes of physical activity, quality of sleep, and quality of life, assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Health Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire (HLPCQ), respectively. The assessments were performed over 6 months, before the intervention (T0), at the halfway of the program (T1), and at the end (T2). Results. Daily steps revealed a decrease from baseline to final assessment in both groups. Secondary outcomes indicated a shift in physical activity levels, showing a transition from low to moderate and high activity perception. While sleep quality deteriorated post-intervention, quality of life showed no changes. Conclusions. The WISE trial highlights the potential and challenges of an unsupervised virtual-guided HIIT program for young women. While an improvement in physical activity levels was noticed, it also led to a decrease in daily steps and poorer sleep quality. These findings suggest a complex relationship between exercise and lifestyle factors, which could potentially have the greatest impact.

Knowledge and Perception Towards Psychotropic Drugs Among the General Population in Saudi Arabia.

Mental health is crucial to overall well-being. Despite an increase in mental disorders over the past few decades, public awareness remains slow-growing, and stigmatization towards psychotropic medications persists. Therefore, this study aimed to identify knowledge and perceptions of psychotropic drugs among the general population in the Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 18 years old and older, living in the Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia, from 1 January to 30 April 2024. Descriptive statistics were used to describe participants' characteristics, and categorical variables were reported as frequencies and percentages. A Chi-square test was used to examine the relationships between variables. A total of 717 participants were involved in the study: (52%) were from Jeddah, (25.9%) were from Taif, and (22%) were from Makkah. The mean age was 33.9 years, and 67.1% were females. Among the participants, (20.8%) had experienced a psychiatric illness, (41.7%) had a member of the family who suffered from a psychiatric illness, (39.5%) had a family member who used a psychiatric drug, and only 25 (7%) had a child suffering from a psychiatric illness. Specifically, 20.8% of those with a psychiatric illness demonstrated good knowledge (P=0.001), 16.1% of those with a family history of psychiatric illness had good knowledge (P=0.007), 16.3% with family use of psychiatric drugs had good knowledge (P=0.006), and 24.5% of those who used psychiatric drugs had high knowledge (P=0.001). Overall, (40.6%) of participants had a low level of knowledge and perception about psychotropic drugs, (47.8%) had a moderate knowledge and perception level, and only (11.6%) had high knowledge and perception. Psychological well-being is crucial for health, but misconceptions persist, acting as barriers that impede people from seeking and accepting necessary psychiatric care. The findings highlight the need for targeted public education and healthcare professional training to improve Confirmed understanding and reduce stigma around psychotropic drugs in Saudi Arabia. A multifaceted approach involving policy development, community outreach, and ongoing research is essential for enhancing mental health outcomes and treatment accessibility.

The influence of organizational agility on nurses` career planning: nurses` grit as a mediating factor

BackgroundOrganizational agility is the cornerstone of the complex dynamics for the success of healthcare organizations and the sustenance of nurses’ career planning and professional development.AimAssess the organizational agility and the extent of nurses’ career planning. It also sought to investigate the association between the two and the intermediating function that nurses` grit plays in this association.DesignA cross-sectional descriptive design following STROBE guidelines was carried out.Methods and toolsData were collected from 300 nurses who made up the entire population sample that we used (a judgmental non-probability sampling technique) working across all in-patient care units at Itay El-Baroud General Hospital, in El Behaira governorate, using structured questionnaires as follows: the organizational agility questionnaire, the career planning scale, and the grit scale. The sociodemographic characteristics of the studied nurses were also collected. Statistical analyses were used to analyze the data, including ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and SEM, to determine whether career development may act as a mediator between organizational agility and the nurses’ career planning.ResultsRendering the findings of this study, more than half of nurses have a high perception regarding organizational agility and career planning. In contrast, the majority of them have a moderate perception regarding grit. In addition, there is a statistically high significant relationship between organizational agility and career planning. Also, there is a statistically high significant relationship between organizational agility and grit. There is a statistically high significant relationship between career planning and grit.ConclusionThe statistically substantial correlations among grit, career planning, and organizational agility demonstrate how interrelated they are. This implies that encouraging organizational flexibility and effective career planning techniques may have a good impact on nurses’ resilience, which would ultimately result in a workforce of nurses who are more resilient and engaged. Additional investigation into the precise mechanisms behind these associations may yield important information for improving nurse wellbeing and retention.Nursing implicationsAccording to this study, putting organizational agility and career planning first can have a good impact on nurses’ grit, which will make them more resilient and engaged workers. To encourage flexibility and growth among nurses, healthcare institutions should make training investments, provide clear career tracks, and support work-life balance. More investigation into the precise mechanisms underlying these connections may yield insightful information that improves nurse well-being and retention. The importance of organizational agility in creating a supportive work environment for nurses’ career growth should be acknowledged by healthcare companies. This can lead to increased job satisfaction and lower turnover.

Mediating Role of Social Support and Family Functioning on Quality of Life of Family Caregivers of Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder

Background: Caring for persons with alcohol use disorder (AUD) significantly affects the quality of life (QoL) of caregivers. According to Lazarus and Folkman’s Stress and Coping Model (1984), the severity of alcohol consumption (SAC) is a major stressor for AUD caregivers. These stressors impact well-being, with QoL linked to caregivers’ coping resources, especially social support (SS) and family functioning (FF). The study aimed to investigate the mediating roles of SS and FF in the relationship between the SAC and caregivers’ QoL. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two psychiatric hospitals in Amritsar city, Punjab. We used a purposive sampling technique to collect data from 128 family caregivers aged 18 and above who were caring for male patients with AUD aged between 20 and 65. The assessment tools used were the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Family Assessment Device (FAD), and PGI Social Support Questionnaire (PGI SSQ). Results: There is a significant and partial mediation of the association between SAC and QoL by both SS and FF ( P < .001, 99% CI). Moreover, SAC (r = –0.519), FF (r = –0.603), and SS (r = 0.641) showed significant correlations with caregivers’ QoL ( P < .001). The mean scores for SAC, SS, FF, and QoL were 22.66 (11.38), 50.88 (9.45), 127.18 (43.85), and 84.13 (18.70), respectively, suggesting moderate SAC in patients, moderate to high perceived SS levels, moderate perception of family dysfunction, and moderate to high QoL among the caregivers. Conclusion: SAC detrimentally impacts caregivers’ QoL both directly and indirectly through SS and FF, with the latter serving as mediators, partially mitigating SAC’s negative impact. Clinical implications underscore the importance of tailored interventions, emphasizing the strengthening of support systems and consideration of diverse FF domains for personalized approaches. The findings contribute valuable insights for developing targeted interventions customized to the specific needs of AUD caregivers to enhance their overall QoL.

Contribution of Skill-Based Approach on Reading Achievement of EFL Students

People can acquire valuable information for their lives if they have reading skills. Each individual has his own unique goal in reading. Therefore, some considerations need to be made to improve the skills especially regarding the approaches that can be used. One of the approach that can be applied in teaching reading is skill-based approach. Quantitative correlational study was employed to explore the contribution of skill-based approach on reading achievement of EFL students. The number of the respondents were eighty-one which were taken randomly from the students of Sriwijaya State Polytechnic semester two on the academic year 2023-2024. The questionnaire regarding skill-based approach and their reading scores were used to collect the data; and they were analyzed by using descriptive statistic, Pearson coefficient correlation and linear regression. Students’ perception regarding skill-based approach showed that 35.80% of the respondents have moderate perception; 45.68% have high perception, and 18.52% have a very high perception. In terms of reading achievement, 9.88% of respondents were sometimes able to comprehend; 56.79% were often able to comprehend reading; and 33.33% were usually able to comprehend reading. There was a significant but moderate correlation between the variables (R=0.493). The influence was significant and the contribution was 24.3%.

Attitudes of Saudi Students Towards EFL, English teachers and learning situations

This research investigated students' attitudes towards learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Saudi Arabia. Specifically, the study detected Saudi EFL students towards English language, English teachers and learning situations. Data were gathered via a questionnaire from a randomly selected sample of 150 Saudi students. Quantitative analysis was conducted using SPSS version 28, with findings presented through tables and interpreted using Mean Scores and Standard Deviation. The study indicated that students have high positive attitudes among Saudi students towards studying EFL. The study also found that students showed moderate perceptions about English teachers and learning situations. The study recommended collaborative efforts to improve the recruitment of proficient English teachers and encourage student participation in extracurricular activities aimed at enhancing English-speaking skills and fostering positive attitudes towards language learning.

Comprehensive assessment of pain characteristics, quality of life, and pain management in cancer patients: a multi-center cross-sectional study

IntroductionPain is the most common complaint among cancer patients, significantly impairing their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). There is limited evidence on the characteristics of pain among cancer patients in Nepal with low-resource settings.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of pain, factors influencing pain intensity, and the association of pain severity with quality of life (QoL) among cancer patients. Secondary objectives included investigating perceived barriers to pain management and medication adherence among these patients.MethodsThis multi-center, cross-sectional study enrolled adult patients (over 18 years old) with reported cancer diagnoses experiencing pain. Socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, educational status), clinical characteristics (e.g. cancer diagnosis, staging), and pain characteristics (e.g., duration, type, location, medicines used for pain management, etc.) were recorded. Outcomes were assessed using the Numeric rating scale (NRS), Pain management Index, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, Barriers Questionnaire II, Medication Adherence Rating Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.ResultsFour hundred and eight patients participated in the study. The mean ± SD age was 54.87 ± 15.65, with 226 patients (55.4%) being female. The most common cancer diagnoses were cervical (17.6%), lung (11.8%), and colon/rectum (12.0%) cancers. The most common pain locations were the head and neck (27.0%); a majority (55.6%) reported pain duration of more than 3 months. Nociceptive pain was reported by 42.4% of patients; the mean ± SD of NRS was 4.31 ± 2.69, with 32.4% of patients experiencing moderate pain. Patients with mixed pain type (B = 1.458, p < 0.001) or pain in multiple sites (B = 1.175, p < 0.001), lower Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) (B = -1.308, p < 0.001), and specific cancer diagnoses such as prostate (B = -2.045, p = 0.002), pancreatic (B = 1.852, p = 0.004), oesophageal (B = 1.674, p = 0.012), and ovarian cancer (B = 1.967, p = 0.047), experienced varying degrees of increased NRS score. The combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment modality was associated with a lower NRS score (B = -0.583, p = 0.017). A significant inverse relationship was observed between pain severity and global health status/QoL (B = -37.36, p < 0.001. Key barriers to pain management included moderate perceptions of physiological effects, communication issues between doctors and patients, and concerns about the harmful effects of pain medicine. The prevalence of non-adherence to pain medications was 13.97%.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study highlights the multi-faceted nature of pain management and QoL for cancer patients in Nepal with low-resource settings. These findings underscore the multifactorial nature of pain perception in cancer patients, with mixed pain types, pain in multiple sites, lower KPS, and specific cancer diagnoses, all contributing significantly to pain severity. Additionally, pain severity was associated with declining QoL. These findings contribute valuable insights into the complex aspects of cancer pain and its broader implications for the well-being of patients, offering a foundation for targeted interventions and improved pain management strategies in the context of cancer care in low-resource settings.

Associations between Cannabis Consumption Methods and Cannabis Risk Perception.

Given diversified cannabis products, we examined associations between cannabis consumption methods and cannabis risk perception of smoking cannabis 1-2 times a week. Using the 2022 U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health data (N = 12,796 past-year adult cannabis users; M = 6127 and F = 6669), we used multinomial and binary logistic regression models. Smoking was the most prevalent method, followed by eating/drinking, vaping, and dabbing. One-half of cannabis users reported no perceived risk of smoking cannabis 1-2 times a week, 37.5% perceived slight risk, 9.2% moderate risk, and 2.9% great risk. Those with moderate or great risk perception had a lower likelihood of using 4+ methods of consumption (e.g., RRR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.20, 0.77 for great risk perception). Any perceived risk was associated with higher odds of edibles/drinks only (e.g., aOR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.43, 5.54 for great risk perception). Along with medical use and CUD, sociodemographic factors, mental illness, and other substance use were also significant correlates of cannabis consumption methods. Understanding the varying risk perceptions associated with different consumption methods is needed for harm reduction initiatives. More research is needed on cannabis products, particularly edibles/drinks and dabs/concentrates, to better understand the potential risks associated with them.

The Relationship Between Post-Traumatic Stress, Hopelessness and Resources Adequacy in Fire Disaster Survivors: A Mediation Analysis

AbstractThis study explores the psychosocial aftermath of the fire disaster by focusing on the levels of post-traumatic stress, hopelessness and perception of adequacy of resources of the affected population in the Manavgat district of Antalya province. The data of this study, which is a descriptive correlational research, were collected between 01 March-31 May 2022. The Information form, Impact of Events Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale and Perception of Adequacy of Resource Scale were used as the data collection tools. A total of 245 individuals, predominantly farmers and with a low-income status, participated in the study. Field data revealed a high level post-traumatic stress (39.56 ± 15.71), moderate hopelessness (10.53 ± 6.83), and moderate perception of adequacy of resources (104.17 ± 32.15) among the participants. Another important finding of the study is; sociodemographic variables were significantly associated with the impact of events, hopelessness, and perception of adequacy of resources. Being female, low education and income level, being farmer, having heavily damaged house and living in a prefabricated house emerged as risk factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The results demonstrated a strong correlation between hopelessness, perception of adequacy of resources and post-traumatic stress. Hopelessness partially mediated the relationship between adequacy of resources and post-traumatic stress. The massive physical, economic and social losses caused by wildfire have led to persistent psychosocial problems among the affected population. The findings highlight the importance of assessing losses related to socioeconomic status and applying risk management accordingly. The data obtained in this study can shed light on the determination of risky groups after fire disaster, psychosocial interventions to be applied and the duration of interventions.

Health Beliefs, Breast Cancer Awareness, and Prevention Behaviors of Turkish Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between nursing students' breast cancer (BC) awareness, health beliefs, and BC prevention behaviors. Methods: This study sample consisted of 256 female students. Descriptive Information Form, Breast Cancer Awareness Scale (B-CAS), the Factors Affecting Breast Cancer Prevention Behaviors of Women (FABCPB) Scale, and the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) were used to collect the data. Results: Breast self-examination was performed in 53.9% of the nursing students. The mean B-CAS score was 1.35 ± 0.58 and the mean FABCPB score was 102.84 ± 9.62. The mean scores of the sub-dimension scores of the CHBMS of nursing students were as sensitivity perception 7.93 ± 2.13, seriousness perception 22.58 ± 5.26, benefit perception 17.25 ± 3.17, obstacle perception 22.89 ± 6.24, confidence 37.71 ± 7.53, and health motivation 26.47 ± 4.41 points. A significant correlation was found between the scores of the nursing students on the B-CAS, FABCPB, and CHBMS scales. Conclusions: Nursing students' scores on the B-CAS and FABCPB were moderate, CHBMS sensitivity and obstacle perception sub-dimension scores were low, severity perception scores were moderate, and benefit perception, trust, and health motivation sub-dimension scores were high. As the BC awareness of nursing students increased, their cancer prevention behaviors and health beliefs increased.

Influence of Social Media Use on Body Image and Self-Esteem among Senior High Students in Davao City

This study aims to investigate the influence of social media on the body image and self-esteem among senior high school students in Davao City. Utilizing a quantitative research design, the study collected data from 100 senior high school students through structured questionnaires. Established measures were used to assess social media usage, perceived body image, and self-esteem, with strict adherence to ethical considerations and data confidentiality. The findings indicate high self-esteem across personal, social, and appearance-related domains. Additionally, social media use is high, highlighting its significant role in fulfilling academic, social, entertainment, and informational needs. Moreover, findings indicate a moderate perception of body image that while students feel positively about certain aspects of their bodies, such as satisfaction and appearance maintenance behaviors, they also face challenges or pressures in areas like response to criticism and body modification preferences. Significant links were found with Academic, Socialization, and Informativeness aspects, but not with Entertainment. Overall social media usage correlated with perceived body image. Moreover, Socialization and Informativeness significantly predicted both body image and self-esteem among students. These findings underscore the influence of positive social interactions and informative content on social media in shaping adolescents' perceptions of themselves. This study contributes to the broader understanding of addressing social media's impact in schools. It highlights the roles of administrators, teachers, and students in promoting media literacy, resilience, and positive mental health outcomes. Future research can build upon these findings to develop effective intervention strategies.

Telepharmacy in Indonesia: Navigating Knowledge, Perception, and Readiness Among 6,000 Pharmacists and Related Sociodemographic Determinants.

Introduction: Telepharmacy can improve the delivery of pharmaceutical care services to patients. However, there are limited data regarding the knowledge, perceptions, and readiness (KPR) for telepharmacy in Indonesia. In this cross-sectional survey study, we assessed KPR and associated factors among Indonesian pharmacists, aiming to implement telepharmacy services in the future. Methods: Eligible participants were recruited from all provinces of Indonesia through a 24-item instrument. KPR scores were classified as low, moderate, and high. Sociodemographic characteristics and KPR of participants were summarized using descriptive statistics. Bivariate/multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent determinants of KPR. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each determinant. Results: A total of 6,059 pharmacists provided responses. Overall, 58.28% had a high knowledge score, and 63.51% expressed moderate perceptions toward telepharmacy services. Moreover, 70.21% showed a moderate level of readiness. Gender (male; AOR: 1.21 [95% CI: 1.06-1.39]), stable internet access (AOR: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.64-0.86]), and central region (AOR: 1.13 [95% CI: 0.99-1.29]) were significantly associated with perception toward telepharmacy. Readiness was significantly associated with age (17-25 years; AOR: 0.73 [95% CI: (0.60-0.89]), gender (male; AOR: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.72-0.95]), stable internet access (AOR: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.64-0.89]), education level (master/doctoral; AOR: 1.33 [95% CI: 1.06-1.67]), and central region (AOR: 1.29 [95% CI: 1.12-1.49]). Interestingly, knowledge levels were not significantly correlated with specific factors. Conclusions: Participants demonstrated high knowledge, without significant influencing factors. However, they showed moderate perceptions and readiness levels, influenced by sociodemographic factors, including gender, age, education level, internet access, and regional disparities. Therefore, targeted interventions (e.g., telepharmacy training and regional outreach) are imperative to enhancing perceptions and readiness, fostering the effective integration of telepharmacy services, and advancing pharmaceutical care in Indonesia.

FACTORS INFLUENCING FARMERS PERCEPTION ON FERTILIZER SERVICES OFFERED AT RYTHU BHAROSA KENDRAS

The current study was carried out during the year 2022 and 2023 to knew the factors influencing farmers perception on fertilizer services offered at Rythu Bharosa Kendras in Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh. A representative sample of 120 farmers in two districts of Andhra Pradesh i.e., Tirupati and Chittoor were selected for the study. Through pre-structed interview schedule, farmers perception was collected. Representative farmers were very satisfied about the physical location of the Rythu Bharosa Kendras with the highest mean score of 4.62. Respondents were very unsatisfied about in time availability of all the fertilizers in RBK with respect to cropping pattern with the lowest mean score of 1.86. 42.50% of the representative sample had moderate perception, 37.50% of them had poor perception and 20.00% of the sample farmers had good perception on fertilizer services offered at Rythu Bharosa Kendra. Impact of farmers socio-economic factors like education, major occupation, farming experience, farm size, annual income and farmers age on their perception over fertilizer services offered at Rythu Bharosa Kendras were analysed. It was noticed that only farming experience and major occupation have significant impact on their perception over fertilizer services offered at Rythu Bharosa Kendras.

The impact of comorbidities on the physical and psychological dimension in heart failure patients

Assessing patients' quality of life is frequently used in medical research. Patients di-agnosed with heart failure (HF) have reduced exercise tolerance and reduced quality of life due to reduced heart pump function. The objectives of the study are (i) to assess quality of life and comorbidities in HF patients; (ii) to compare quality of life in the physical and psychological do-mains according to drug treatment followed and (iii) to identify predictors of the two domains as-sessed. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2023 and May 2024. A total of 169 patients with HF were included and were distributed into two groups: the HF -S/V group (N=64) who received treatment with sacubitril/valsartan and the HF -CT group (N=105) received treatment with conventional therapy. Two questionnaires were used to assess patients: the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Results: The values determined for physical and psy-chological health were significantly lower for Group HF - S/V (51.391 ± 22.232 vs. 61.79 ± 20.04, p=0.002, respectively 59.203 ± 16.871 vs. 64.933 ± 17.448, p=0.038). Approximately 25% of all re-cruited patients distributed in the 2nd CCI category (CCI score 3-4) have an overall poor and moderately poor perception of quality of life vs. 35.5% of patients distributed in the 3rd CCI cate-gory (CCI ≤ 5); 55% of them belong to the HF - S/V group. A good perception of health status is held by 29 (17.16% of the HF group) of the patients distributed in the 2nd CCI category and 28 (16.56%) have a low and moderate perception. Conclusions: The values for the Physical health domain are moderately low, while the values obtained for the psychological domain show that this domain is less affected. Predictors identified for physical health and psychological well-being are patient age, weight, CCI. Keywords: heart failure; comorbidities; quality of life; physical dimension; psychological dimension

Exploring the perception of safety culture among nurses in Saudi Arabia

BackgroundMedical errors and adverse events pose a serious challenge to the global healthcare industry. Nurses are at the frontline in implementing safety measures and protecting patients. This study aimed to investigate nurses’ perceptions of the patient safety culture in Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive study used convenience sampling to survey 402 nurses from various hospitals in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was used for the data collection.ResultsNurses reported a moderate perception of safety culture, with 60% positive responses. Teamwork had the highest safety culture rating at 77.8%, while responses to error and staffing were the lowest at 39.75% and 46.17%, respectively. Qualifications significantly predicts nurses’ safety culture rating (B = -0442, t = -4.279, p < 0.01). Positive correlations were found between event reporting frequency and communication openness (r = 0.142, p < 0.01), and patient safety grades with communication about errors (r = 0.424, p < 0.01) and hospital management support (r = 0.231, p < 0.01).ConclusionsNurses in Saudi Arabia demonstrated a strong sense of teamwork and commitment to organizational learning. However, critical areas such as staffing and error response require attention to improve patient safety.

Assessing service delivery, user satisfaction, and local governance dynamics: A comprehensive study in Kirtipur Municipality

The 2017 local and provincial elections in Nepal marked a pivotal moment, instilling renewed optimism and positivity among the populace. The establishment of seven provinces, 293 municipalities and 460 rural municipalities, was orchestrated to decentralize governance, eliciting expectations for improved efficacy in local service delivery. This study, conducted through field research and utilizing the People Report Card (PRC) methodology in the Kirtipur municipality, investigates the dynamics of service delivery, user satisfaction, and perceptions of local governance. The research results reveal a moderate public perception of local governance, underscoring particular domains that necessitate enhancement to elevate overall satisfaction levels and instill greater confidence among the populace. Authorities are urged to address service- related challenges through targeted interventions, promoting transparency and responsiveness in governance to improve the welfare of the Kirtipur Municipality.

Assessment of Nurses' Perception toward Application of Evidence Based Practice Approach

Background Evidence-based nursing practice (EBNP) has become one of the most effective methods for improving patient outcomes and the quality of care as well as delivering cost-efficient health care. Nurses' perspectives are critical to the successful adoption of evidence -based practice. While positive views regarding EBP serve as a foundation for developing appropriate nursing approaches to improve patient care, there is a noticeable gap between belief in evidence-based practice advantages and actual implementation. Objective : To assess nurses’ perception toward the application of an evidence-based practice approach. Methods : A non-probability using a convenience sampling. Data were collected through self administered questionnaire technique for data collection, which is constructed through the extensive review of the related literature that consisted of two assessment parts first one consist of demographic data, and the second part of the assessment tool is concerned with assessing the nurse's perception scale which include three parts, the first part contains (4) statement, the second part contains (3) statement and the last part contains (2) statement developed by Majid et al (2011). The reliability of the instrument was the Cronbach alpha of perception section was between 0.68 to 0.95, and the face validity of the study instruments was determined by a panel of (12) experts in the Nursing and Medicine fields, and science of psychology, All the experts agreed that the instrument is valid with some suggested modifications. Data were analyzed through the application of frequency, percentage and the inferential statistical analysis approach is used to test the study null hypotheses within a confidence interval equal to 0.95(Chi-square which is used to determine the association between nurses' perception and demographic data). Such analyses are computed by using the SPSS program version 24. Results : The findings indicate that the total assessment of perception about application of evidence-based practice approach about (39.54%) of the nurses have poor perception of evidence-based practice,(51.23 %) of them have moderate perception; while (9.32 %) of them have good levels according to the total assessment of perception about evidence-based practice. Conclusion: According to the study results and discussion half of nurses have good perception toward application of evidence based practice approach when assessed by the statistical analysis.

Emotion Dynamics among Late Adolescents and Emerging Adults: The Role of Maternal Privacy Invasion Perceptions.

Prior research suggests that youth experience immediate emotional distress following privacy invasion, but it is unclear whether and how persistent privacy invasion over longer periods destabilizes the intrapersonal emotional regulatory functions that privacy serves. This study investigated whether late adolescents and emerging adults who reported different patterns of maternal privacy invasion over a full academic year showed differences in emotion regulation, as reflected by the frequency and lability of negative and positive emotional experiences. Participants were first-year university students (n = 349; 60.2% female) in Hong Kong, aged 17 to 24 (MT1 = 18.20, SDT1 = 1.10). They self-reported maternal privacy invasion perceptions and negative and positive emotions 16 times, at bi-weekly intervals. Latent class growth analyses divided participants into a Higher Invasion Perceptions group (24.9%), a Moderate Invasion Perceptions group (46.4%), and a Lower Invasion Perceptions group (28.7%). A one-way MANCOVA examined potential differences in negative and positive emotion dynamics across groups, indexed by frequency (means) and instability (mean square of successive differences and probability of acute change). In line with predictions, both the Higher Invasion and Moderate Invasion groups reported higher negative emotion frequency and instability, compared to the Lower Invasion group. However, groups showed no significant differences regarding positive emotion frequency and instability. The findings indicate that perceptions of maternal privacy invasion predict youth's negative emotion regulation processes over their first collegiate year. Prolonged, higher levels of maternal privacy invasion may disrupt the intrapersonal regulatory functions that privacy serves over time.

Perception Level of Community Members Towards the Roles of Local Leaders in Community Development Decision-Making in Bamyan, Afghanistan

The study determines the perception level of community members in Bamyan Province, Afghanistan, regarding the internal roles of the local leaders in decision-making processes related to community development. In the ongoing effort to rebuild the nation recovering from decades-long civil war, the effectiveness of governance in driving development is crucial to deliver success. A self-administered questionnaire was designed and subsequently distributed among community members. Descriptive analysis was performed to determine the perception level, and the findings revealed that community members held a moderate perception of the internal roles played by local leaders in community development decision-making. Consequently, it is imperative to institute training programmes not only for the community members but also for local leaders to enhance their capabilities in decision-making and competency in project implementation. By investing in such initiatives, stakeholders can empower both community members and local leaders, fostering more effective and inclusive development practices.