Moderate Level Of Burden Research Articles

Evaluation of care burden and caregiving preparedness in caregivers of patients with epilepsy: A sample in eastern Turkey

AimThis study was conducted to evaluate the care burden and caregiving preparedness in caregivers of patients with epilepsy. MethodsThis descriptive, cross-sectional study evaluated the caregivers of patients with epilepsy who were referred to the neurology outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Erzurum, eastern Turkey, between February 2020 and February 2021. The study was carried out with 147 volunteers among the patients with epilepsy who were referred to the neurology outpatient clinic between the specified dates. The data were collected with Caregiver Question Form, the Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ), the Burden Interview (BI), and the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale (PCS). ResultsThe mean BI score of the caregivers who participated in the study was 43.14 ± 18.08, their mean PCS score was 14.12 ± 7.76, and their mean BDQ score was 10.53 ± 4.65. In the regression analysis conducted, it was found that being married, having little knowledge of patient care, undertaking all of the roles in caregiving and having caregiving duration of 24 months and longer had a negative effect on PCS total score, while having an undergraduate degree and higher had a positive significant effect. It was found that having an undergraduate degree and higher had a negative effect on BI total score, while all of the roles undertaken in caregiving had a positive significant effect on BI total score. It was found that PCS had a negative significant effect on BI total score (p < 0.001). ConclusionCaregivers of patients with epilepsy had a moderate level of burden and caregiving preparedness, and the patients cared for had a moderate level of disability. Caregiver burden increased as disability of patients with epilepsy and the tasks undertaken in caregiving increased, whereas burden decreased as caregiver education and caregiving preparedness increased.

Informal caregivers of people with heart failure and resilience: A convergent mixed methods study.

To develop a comprehensive understanding of resilience and its associated factors among informal caregivers of people with heart failure. Transnational multicentre convergent mixed methods approach. This study was conducted in three European countries: Italy, Spain and the Netherlands; during February 2017 and December 2018. In total, 195 caregivers completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Caregiver Burden Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. From a nested sample 50 caregivers participated in semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis, multiple regression and joint displays. The caregivers' mean age was over 60years. The quantitative results showed that caregivers experienced anxiety and depression regardless of a good score of resilience and moderate level of burden. Regression analysis showed that the resilience was associated with caregiver depression. From qualitative findings three resilience inhibiting (psychological outlook, physical weariness and affective state) and two promoting factors (community interconnectedness and self-comforting activities) were generated. Mixed analysis confirmed that depression decreased caregivers' resilience. Caregivers of people with heart failure experience continuous stress and anxiety resulting in reduced resilience. Collaborative efforts are needed to build multifaceted interventions and programs to enhance caregivers' resilience by targeting the factors identified in this study. The quality of informal caregiving is affected by the resilience of caregivers. No research has explored the resilience levels and its factors in this population. Depression, psychological outlook, physical weariness and affective state are negative factors of caregivers' resilience. Personal strategies combined with social and community support and belongingness enhance caregivers' resilience. Community care organizations and hospitals could establish alliances to develop programs for enhancing caregivers' resilience.

Burden and treatment seeking behaviour in chronic kidney disease patients: a cross-sectional descriptive study

Background: CKD is a debilitating condition accountable for high morbidity and an overall burden on society and Government. The study objectives were to assess the burden and treatment seeking behaviour of CKD patients and to determine the association of demographic variables with burden and treatment seeking behaviour in CKD patients.Methods: A Descriptive survey research design was conducted on CKD Patients. 220 CKD patients were selected and a self-structured burden rating scale was used to assess the level of burden and treatment seeking behaviour checklist was used to find out the level of treatment seeking behaviour in CKD patients. Data were collected through face to face or telephonic interview by using non-probability convenient sampling technique.Results: Among 220 patients, majority of CKD patients had hypertension as comorbidity. More than half of CKD patients had moderate level of burden. CKD patients had highest burden in emotional domain. Majority of CKD patients ‘feel muscle cramps’ in level of burden. More than half of CKD patients had fair level of treatment seeking behaviour. CKD patients had highest treatment seeking behaviour in personal domain. There was significant association of burden and treatment seeking behaviour with demographic variables.Conclusions: Majority of CKD Patients had moderate level of Burden and fair level of treatment seeking behaviour. It was found that there was a significant association of burden and treatment seeking behaviour with demographic variables. The health care seeking behaviour of CKD patients drive them to come for treatment.

BURDEN OF FAMILY CAREGIVERS FOR THE CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION AT PORT- SAID CITY

Background: Children with mental retardation require intensive care by parents to optimize their developmental stages such as conducting medical examinations, counseling and coaching. family members are the most important part for children with mental retardation to be able to live their lives well. Aim: to explore burden of family caregivers for the children of mental retardation at Port-Said City. Subjects and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used at the only governmental schools for mental retardation in Port Said and Port Fouad city namely Intellectual Educational schools. Purposive sampling was be used. Two tools used to gather the required data consisted of; Tool (1) Astructured self administer questionnaire Tool (2) burden scale. Results: The study revealed that(20.0 %) of the studied family caregivers had no burden, followed by (32.2 %) of them had mild burden while (41.7 %) of them had moderate burden, and finally (6.1 %) of the studied family caregivers had sever burden. Conclusion: It can be concluded that about tow fifth of the studied family caregivers had moderate level of burden. Recommendations: Designing and training program to caregivers regarding coping and rehabilitation for their roles to their mentally retarded children. Special financial support should be given to these families to help them to meet extra demands and costs of caring their mental retarded children.

English

BACKGROUND Mental health is an important aspect of health, and it should be cherished, promoted, and conserved, to the maximum. World-wide, around 450 million people suffering from mental illness and contributing to important causes for years lived with disability. Caring is a fundamental issue in the treatment of a patient with mental illness. Majority of patients stay with their families and they have been the mainstay of care giving for patients with mental illness. Taking care of chronic mentally ill patients puts stress and burden on the caregivers. Caregivers use different methods of coping. This study was conducted to assess burden among caregivers of chronic mentally ill patients. METHODS This is a hospital based cross-sectional study. A consecutive sample of 150 caregivers of both inpatients and outpatients who satisfy the inclusion criteria, attending psychiatry department were recruited in the study. Caregivers were assessed with socio-demographic proforma. The burden assessment schedule (BAS) developed by SCARF measures the burden experienced by caregivers of chronic mentally ill patients. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Categorical and quantitative variables were expressed as frequency (percentage) and mean ± SD respectively. Chi-square test was used to association between categorical variables. RESULTS Of the 150 participants, 16 % experienced mild burden, 57.3 % had moderate levels of burden and 26.7 % had severe burden levels. CONCLUSIONS This study concluded that caregivers of the mentally ill individuals do undergo a lot of burden or strain. Highest areas of burden were seen in the areas of physical and mental health, external support, and spouse related. The caregivers are in need of support and understanding. Clinicians dealing with the caregivers of patients with chronic mental illness must systematically assess the coping mechanisms of caregivers and encourage the use of adaptive and problem-focused coping mechanism to improve the caregiving and patient related outcome. Hence, there is a need to develop strategies that can help them such as providing them with a support structure as well as counseling services. KEYWORDS Caregiver, Burden, Mental Illness, Coping

Burden of living with HIV among men who have sex with men: a mixed-methods study

With biomedical developments in treatment and prevention of HIV, the implications of living with HIV are considerably more manageable. Within this context, we aimed to describe and quantify the present-day burden of living with HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Netherlands. In this mixed-methods study, we did in-depth interviews on HIV-related burden with MSM diagnosed with HIV between 2014 and 2018. Interviewees were recruited at three HIV treatment centres and the Public Health Service of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Using the transcripts from all interviewees, the qualitative analysis was done by two independent researchers applying an open-coding process. Results were used to generate a questionnaire measuring HIV-related burden, which was distributed via gay dating apps or sites and social media. MSM diagnosed with HIV before 2019 who completed the questionnaire were included in the quantitative analyses. Descriptive analyses were used to report burden prevalence and to explore differences in burden among MSM diagnosed at different antiretroviral therapy periods. Sociodemographic determinants of burden were explored using multinomial logistic regression. Between May, 2018, and March, 2019, 18 of 25 MSM who consented for further contact were interviewed, after which thematic saturation was reached. The interviewees revealed that aspects related to medicalisation and emotional consequences were burdensome temporarily after diagnosis, whereas aspects related to HIV status disclosure, stigma, and the sexual and social life were mentioned to be burdensome more persistently. Between April and July, 2019, 613 MSM with HIV started the quantitative survey, of whom 438 (71%) completed the questionnaire and were included in the analyses. These 438 MSM were diagnosed with HIV between 1984 and 2018. The median time since HIV diagnosis was 8 years (IQR 4-13). In total, 135 (31%) of 438 online respondents reported that living with HIV was generally experienced as burdensome and 361 (82%) would be relieved if HIV could be cured. Compared with a low level of burden, a moderate level of burden was associated with having another chronic condition (p=0·0030), and a high level of burden was associated with a more recent diagnosis (p=0·0060) and not knowing other individuals with HIV (p=0·0020). Disclosure dilemmas were reported to be the most burdensome, resulting in difficulties initiating sex (122 [32%] of 378 respondents) and establishing relationships (85 [41%] of 207 respondents). The most prevalent emotional consequences were shame (112 [26%] of 438 respondents) and stress (80 [18%] of 438 respondents). Disclosure and taking antiretroviral therapy in the presence of others were experienced as more burdensome among those diagnosed after 2005 than among those diagnosed in or before 2005. Our findings highlight that despite medical advancements, further stigma reduction programmes and adapted psychosocial support for specific profiles of MSM living with HIV are needed. HIV Transmission Elimination Amsterdam Initiative.

The unique burden of rare cancer caregiving: caregivers of patients with Erdheim–Chester disease

Research examining the experience of informal caregivers (ICs) for patients with rare cancers is limited. This was a mixed-methods pilot study of 14 ICs for patients with Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD), an ultra-rare neoplasm. Participants were predominantly female and over half provided at least 60% of their loved one’s care. Participants completed measures of the impact of caregiving, caregiver burden, unmet needs, quality of life, anxiety, and depression. Participants reported substantial impact of caregiving, including limiting (50%) or discontinuing (21%) paid employment, and exhausting financial savings (43%). ICs reported a moderate level of burden with five (38%) reporting risk for burnout. While participants reported anxiety (64%) and depression (14%), their overall quality of life was favorable. Semi-structured interviews highlighted factors related to the distress and isolation of navigating a rare cancer. ECD ICs report burden and distress shaped by the experience of providing care for a patient with a rare cancer.

Assessment of the Burden on Caregivers of Patients with Mental Disorders- A cross-sectional study

Background: Mental illness is the condition that disrupts a person’s thinking, feeling, mood, ability to relate to others and daily functioning. Caregivers play an important role in the management of all the chronic mental illnesses. Thus the aim of this study was to assess the burden and to find out association between level of burden among caregivers of mentally ill patients and related variables.&#x0D; Material and Method: An analytical cross-sectional, study was conducted among the caregivers of mentally ill patients visiting at selected Hospital of Bharatpur. Burden Assessment Scheduled (BAS) tool was used to collect the data. Chi-square test was used to find the association between levels of burden with related variables. P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.&#x0D; Results: Research showed that among 204 caregivers 61.8% had moderate level of burden and none of the caregivers had mild level of burden however 38.2% had severe level of burden. The statistically significant factors that affect the level of burden in the caregivers are: place of residence, relation with the patient, duration of mental illness, duration of care giving and monthly expenditure for treatment are the statistically significant variables to the level of burden.&#x0D; Conclusion: More than one third of the caregivers have severe level of burden. The level of burden is high among the female as among the male. Caregivers who are married and education status less than primary level have high level of burden. Also, the caregivers who are from nuclear family and whose patient’s duration of mental illness more than one year had severe level of burden. The statistically significant factors that affect to the level of burden are: place of residence, relation with the patients, and duration of mental illness, duration of care giving and monthly expenditure for treatment.

Burden, Positive Aspects, and Predictive Variables of Caregiving: A Study of Caregivers of Patients with Pediatric Glaucoma.

Purpose To determine the presence of burden and positive aspects among caregivers of patients with pediatric glaucoma (PG) and to establish whether they were influenced by the characteristics of the caregivers and the patients. Method This study was designed to be cross-sectional and descriptive. The Chinese version of the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) and the Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) questionnaires were used to evaluate the caregivers. The demographic data of the enrolled participants were also collected. The CBI and the PAC scores were analyzed in relation to each other and different characteristics of the patients with PG and their caregivers through a generalized linear regression model. Result Most of enrolled 57 caregivers were found to act with a moderate level of burden and benefits. The emotional subscale score of the CBI is negatively related to the aggregate score of the PAC and to that of outlook on life. Moreover, patients with a longer duration of disease and caregivers who were female, had jobs, had lower education levels, and had lower household incomes have qualities that are positively related to the summary score of the CBI. However, no factors we collected were significantly related to the PAC score. Conclusion The results suggest that caregivers perceive positive and negative experiences in the care and support of patients suffering from PG. In addition, we should pay more attention to the caregivers with a high risk of experiencing caregiver burden, especially females with jobs and also with lower incomes and lower levels of education.

CAREGIVING BURDEN AND COPING STRATEGIES OF CAREGIVERS CARING FOR ELDERLY WITH END STAGE RENAL DISEASE

Background: End stage renal disease affects all aspects of life of the patients and their caregivers. Caregivers receive little support than patients for that, coping strategies are important to solve difficult situation and cope with burden. Aim: Assess caregiving burden and coping strategies of caregivers caring for elderly with end stage renal disease. Design: A descriptive research design was used in this study. Setting: This study was conducted at hemodialysis unit in Mansoura University Hospital. Subjects: A purposive sample of 150 caregivers who met the inclusion criteria. Tools: Three tools were utilized in this study; Structured interview schedule, Zarit burden interview and Jaloweic coping scale. Results: 44.0% of the studied caregivers had moderate level of burden. The mean of affective oriented coping strategies was 25.49 ±7.77 while, the mean of problem oriented coping strategies was 25.42 ± 8.30.There was negative significant correlation between caregiver burden and using of affective oriented and problem oriented coping strategies (p=0.01*& p=0.004*respectively). Conclusion: The caregivers’ burden is common among family caregivers who care for elderly patients with end stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Caregivers have been found to be using affective oriented coping strategies more than problem oriented coping strategies.

Resilience in Carers of People With Young-Onset Alzheimer Disease.

Young-onset Alzheimer disease (YOAD) causes psychological and emotional difficulties for carers. However, even in the face of considerable caregiving demands and burden, some carers are resistant to stress, which may be a sign of resilience. This study investigated whether the clinical symptoms of the person with YOAD might be associated with resilience in their carers. A consecutive series of 43 persons with YOAD and their 43 family caregivers were assessed. The carers showed moderate to high level of resilience, low level of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and moderate level of burden. No relationship was found between resilience and sociodemographic characteristics of both carers and care recipient and with clinical characteristics of persons with YOAD. A linear regression analysis showed that resilience was inversely associated with carers' depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that resilience may mainly be related to carers' mental health.

Burden, depression and anxiety in primary caregivers of children and adolescents in renal replacement therapy.

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rare in children, but it causes repercussions in several aspects of life, because the disease and treatment cause great changes in the daily lives of the child and his family, increasing the burden on caregivers.Objective:To evaluate the burden of primary caregivers of children and adolescents who undergo renal replacement therapy (RRT).Methods:Cross-sectional, observational study performed at the Pediatric Renal Unit of a school hospital in the Northeast. Forty-nine primary caregivers of pediatric patients with CKD in RRT followed up in our clinic participated in the study. We used validated instruments to assess burden, depression and anxiety. We ran some tests to analyze the findings of burden, depression and anxiety in the sample.Results:Most of the caregivers are the mothers of these children (89.8%), aged between 36 and 45 years (46.9%), have Elementary School education only (55.1%) and reported feeling pain in the body (69.4%), but they did not have chronic disease. The majority of the children have been in RRT from 1 to 3 years (40.8%), aged from 9 to 11 years (30.6%), are male (55.1%), and under hemodialysis (38.8%). The caregivers had a moderate level of burden (2.10), a high prevalence of moderate to severe depression (18.4%) and anxiety (47%), and a strong correlation between burden, depression and anxiety.Conclusions:Caring for a child with CKD is an intense experience, with negative consequences, due to uncertainties about the future and the very care these children require. We need to do something to help these caregivers better manage care, as well as cope with their own feelings.

Burden and Quality of Life of Family Caregivers of Stroke Patients

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to identify the level of burden and quality of life of family caregivers of stroke patients and to investigate the correlation between burden, quality of life (including physical, social, psychological, and environmental domains), age of caregivers, and the care period. A descriptive correlational cross-sectional study was performed, with a convenience sample of family caregivers (n = 30) of stroke patients in São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected using a questionnaire on participants’ characteristics, the Zarit Burden Interview Scale (ZBIS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument. A descriptive analysis was performed, and correlations between variables were analyzed using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient. The average burden score on the ZBIS was 29.6, representing a moderate burden, and the average overall quality of life score on the WHOQOL-BREF was 62.06%, which indicates moderate quality of life. A significant weak negative correlation was observed between burden and environmental domains (r = −0.470; p =.009), quality of life (r = −0.414; p =.023), and physical domains (r = −0.394; p =.031). No significant correlations were found between burden and quality of life, and variables in the psychological and social domains, age of caregivers, or care period. Caregivers for stroke patients presented with moderate levels of burden and reduction in quality of life. Levels of burden correlated negatively with environmental domains, quality of life levels, and physical domains; however, these correlations were weak, indicating the possible interference of other factors.

Burden of caregivers of children and adolescents with Down Syndrome.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile and burden of caregivers of children/adolescents with and without Down syndrome. The evaluations were performed through questionnaires about the profile and burden of the caregivers (Zarit Burden Interview) and the profile of the children/adolescents. These questionnaires were applied to 168 caregivers. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and analysis of variance were used with a significance level set at a = 5%. Both groups were composed of 84 participants, and the caregivers of the disabled group had a significantly higher percentage of females (p = 0.001), those in the 41-60 age group (p < 0.001), those who had no occupation (p < 0.001), those with a low per capita income (p < 0.001), those with a low level of schooling (p = 0.021), those who were Catholic in religion (p = 0.001), those who had more health problems (p < 0.001), those who continued the use of medication (p < 0.001), and those with a moderate level of burden (p < 0.001). The children/adolescents with disabilities needed significantly more help for eating (p = 0.051), bathing (p = 0.006), dressing (p = 0.042), sphincter control (p = 0.027), and intimate hygiene (p < 0.001). The caregivers of children/adolescents with Down syndrome presented a moderate burden compared to the caregivers of normoreactive children/adolescents.

Evaluation OF psychological aspects of taking care cancer patients: a multicentre study on a sample of caregivers

Every day about a thousand people receive a cancer diagnosis (AIOM,AIRTUM,2016).The cancer is one of the disease that most of all represent a serious danger for the human life and arises as one of the most stressful and traumatic events with witch who is hit must deal with.When a pathology hits a person, immediately the whole family and all his internal and external relations are involved.The family is the first relational network and the first subjective dimension of the individual, indeed, when a member is hit from an oncologic pathology, the whole family “lives” the disease and this could play a determinant role on how the illness is faced and lived.The oncological disease forces the family to face an incredibly amount of stress or changes on daily activities.Supporting caregivers so they can deal with their relatives’ cancerous condition is useful to improve both patient care and collaboration with medical teams. San Raffaele Hospital's Clinical and Health Psychology Service, developed a study to make a psychological evaluation of who attend the patient during course of the disease.This multicentre study is in line with the intervention model “action research”.In a sample of 201 caregivers (mean age=51.46;sd=14.92) (M = 72;W=129) Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Coping Orientation Problems Experienced (COPE), Experience Close Relationship (ECR) were administered to evaluate respectively Quality of Life, perceived emotional Burden (B), Coping styles and Attachment styles. The sample takes care his/her partner (P) (n = 85), parent(PA) (n = 68), son/daughter (SD) (n = 7), brother/sister (BS) (n = 19), or others (O) (n = 22). Preliminary results show a main effect of type of relationship between caregiver and patient for “Mental Health Index”(MHI) (F(4,191)=4.150;p<.003).In particular P (m = 35.28; sd = 1.38) and PA (m = 36.25;sd=1.53) reported worse levels of MHI than O (m = 45.23;sd=2.68). MHI and Anxiety attachment style average were significantly correlated(r=-.522,p<.05).Furthermore a main effect of type of relationship between caregiver and patient was found for B (F(4,190)=4.091;p<.003). Specifically P reported higher levels of B (m = 23.31;sd.=1.39) than O(m = 14.24;sd.=2.78). P, PA, SD reported mild or moderate levels of Burden. On the basis of the results, the relationship is a relevant element in the experience of caregiving. The final aim is increasing the knowledge about specific oncological caregivers' needs, in order to improving psychological interventions.

Caregiving Burden Among Family Members Of People With Mental Illness

Background: Presence of a person with mental disorder in family is often associated with some objective and subjective burden on family members, especially those who have a caregiving role. The present study aimed to assess the levels of caregiving burden among family members of people with mental illness.Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in a sample of 56 family caregivers of people with mental illness. Sample was selected using purposive sampling method and their caregiving experience was assessed by using Burden Assessment Schedule.Result: Among the 56 caregivers, 48.2 % had moderate level of burden and 32.1% had severe level of burden. Highly significant difference was observed in the distribution of burden according to level of burden but no significant gender difference was found in the distribution of burden in total and in different domains of BAS. Highly significant burden was found among married and spouse caregivers.Conclusion: As moderate to severe level of caregiving burden was reported by the family caregivers, it is recommended that family intervention should focus on strengthening coping behaviors and social support system to manage caregiving stress.

Caregivers' resilience is independent from the clinical symptoms of dementia.

Resilience is the capacity for successful adaptation when faced with the stress of adversity. We aimed to investigate the relationship between caregivers' resilience and the sociodemographic and clinical factors of people with dementia. Cross-sectional assessment of 58 people with dementia and their caregiver dyads showed that most caregivers were female adult children. The caregivers reported moderate to higher levels of resilience, lower levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms and moderate levels of burden. Resilience was not related to the caregiver's gender (p = 0.883), nor clinical (p = 0.807) or emotional problems (p = 0.420). The regression showed that resilience was related to the caregiver's quality of life (p < 0.01) and inversely associated with their depressive symptoms (p < 0.01). There was no relationship between caregivers' resilience and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of people with dementia. We can assume that resilience is an individual characteristic. Support groups should also focus on the factors that may increase resilience among caregivers.

Burden among Caregivers of Persons with Dementia

Caring for a person who has dementia is not an easy task and requires a lot of understanding and patience and it impose a lot of burden on caregivers. So this study was carried out to see the level of burden experienced by caregivers of patients with dementia. The sample comprised of 50 Caregivers of persons with dementia. The data collected from NIMHANS Geriatric Clinic. The patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified using simple random sampling. The following tools were used for the current study: Socio-demographic data sheet and family burden interview schedule. The result found that caregivers of patients with dementia experienced mild to moderate level of burden especially in the areas of financial burden, disruption of family activities, and disruption of family life.

Care Burden and Self-Efficacy Levels of Family Caregivers of Elderly People in Turkey.

The aim of this research was to determine the level of burden and self-efficacy among family caregivers of elderly people in Turkey. This study is descriptive and cross-sectional. A total of 658 family caregivers of elderly people were included in the study. The data were collected with a caregiver's characteristics form, elderly people's characteristics form, the Zarit Burden Interview, the self-efficacy scale, and the Barthell Index. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 program. What are care burden and self-efficacy levels of the caregivers? Is there a relationship between care burden and self-efficacy levels of the caregivers with variables such as age, duration of care, sex, status of education, type of relationship, and status of employment that belong to the caregiver? Is there a relationship between care burden and self-efficacy levels of the caregivers with variables such as age and Bartell Index that belong to the elderly? The caregiver burden score was 38.65 ± 13.73, which indicates a moderate level of burden. The self-efficacy score was 29.31 ± 6.09, which is in the low range of self-efficacy. There were statistically significant differences between the caregiver burden score and the sex of caregivers, status of education, type of relationship, and the elderly person's score on the Bartell Index (P < .05). The relationship between the employment status of caregivers (P = .01), the age of the elderly (P = .01), and the caregivers' score on the self-efficacy scale (P < .05) was found to be statistically significant. Study revealed that the majority of the caregivers experienced moderate levels of care burden and low levels of self-efficacy. These results will provide beneficial information for nurses to provide the holistic nursing care.

A Correlative Study to Assess the Burden and Coping Strategies among Caregivers of Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) Patients who are Visiting the Rehabilitation Departments of Selected Hospitals of Mangalore Taluk with a View to Provide an Information Booklet

Background : Diseases take a toll not only on those affected, but also on the ones around them. Providing care for a CVA patient can be a very stressful situation to the caregivers. Apart from taking care of their own needs, the caregivers need to spend more time for the patient care. Stroke is a life challenging event and use of coping strategies to manage burden is helpful for the caregivers to improve their health. Statement of the problem : A Correlative study to assess the burden and coping strategies among caregivers of Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) patients who are visiting the rehabilitation departments of selected hospitals of Mangalore Taluk with a view to provide an information booklet. Objectives of the study : The objectives of the study were to: 1. assess the level of burden and coping strategies among caregivers 2. find the correlation between burden and coping strategies 3. find the association between burden and selected demographic variables 4. find the association between coping strategies and selected demographic variables Method : Descriptive survey approach, with non experimental descriptive correlational design was adopted in order to assess the burden and coping strategies among caregivers of CVA patients and to identify the correlation between them among caregivers of CVA patients in rehabilitation departments of selected hospitals of Mangalore Taluk. The conceptual framework adopted for the study was based on Roy's Adaptation Model. Content validity of the tool and information booklet was established in consultation with nine experts (seven were from the field of medical surgical nursing speciality, one neuro surgeon and one psychologist). Reliability of the tool was tested by split half method followed by Spearman's Brown Prophecy Formula. Non probability purposive sampling was used to select the subjects for the study. Pilot study was conducted to find out the feasibility of the study. Data collected from the subjects were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The sample size was 100. Significant findings of the study : The findings of the study demonstrated that among 100 caregivers of CVA patients surveyed, many subjects (36%) were in the age group of 31- 40 years, majority of subjects (77%) were female, maximum number of subjects (63%) were married, most of the subjects (48%) were Hindus, maximum number of the subjects (63%) belonged to joint families, about 39% of the subjects had higher secondary schooling, most of the subjects (51%) were home makers, around 32% of the subjects had monthly income of Rs 10,001- 15,000, about 39% were taking care of the patient for 7-12 months, most of caregivers (39%) were others (daughter/ daughter in-law) and about 47% of subjects had a history of stroke in the family. The mean percentage of the burden score among caregivers of CVA patients was 53.8%. The mean percentage of the coping score among caregivers of CVA patients was 52.1%. There was a positive significant correlation between burden and coping strategies among caregivers of CVA patients. There was significant association between burden and demographic variable education (χ2 =11.1, table value χ2 =11) and no significant association with other demographic variables. There was no significant association between the coping strategies and demographic variables. Conclusion : The findings of the study showed that caregivers of CVA patients had moderate level of burden, average level of coping and a positive correlation between burden and coping strategies.