Moderate Knowledge Research Articles

Description of the Level of Knowledge About Dental and Oral Hygiene in Class XII of SMK Karya Adi Husada Mataram

Knowledge of dental and oral hygiene is very important in maintaining oral hygiene. Dental and oral hygiene is carried out to prevent dental and oral diseases, increase endurance, and improve oral function. Maintaining oral hygiene at school age is one way to improve health at an early age. This study aims to describe the level of knowledge about oral hygiene in class XII SMK Karya Adi Husada Mataram. The type of research used is descriptive survey research, which is a research method that takes a sample from a population and uses a questionnaire as a data collection tool to see the level of knowledge of dental and oral hygiene in Class XII SMK Karya Adi Husada Mataram. From the examination conducted at SMK Karya Adi Husada Mataram, it was found that the results of OHI-S scores on 30 students who had been examined were 3 students with good OHI-S scores, 10 students with moderate OHI-S scores, and 17 students whose OHI-S scores bad. The conclusion of this study is the level of knowledge about oral hygiene, the results can be obtained from the majority of respondents with moderate knowledge of 16 respondents.

Assessing Individual Taxpayer Compliance: Does Service Quality Moderate Tax Knowledge and Tax Penalties?

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of tax knowledge and tax penalties on the compliance of individual taxpayers, with service quality acting as a moderating variable, at the Mulyorejo Pratama Tax Service Office. The study population consisted of all individual taxpayers who were registered at the Surabaya Mulyorejo Pratama Tax Office. The study utilized a sample of 100 respondents from a population of 47,115 personal taxpayers. The sample was drawn from the Surabaya Mulyorejo Pratama Tax Service Office in 2018. The questionnaires are distributed using the incidental sampling technique. The data collection in this study was carried out utilizing a questionnaire. The study employed the Partial Least Square (PLS) analytic technique, utilizing the warpPLS 6.0 program. The findings indicated that having knowledge about taxation had a positive impact on personal taxpayer compliance. However, the imposition of taxation penalties did not have any effect on personal taxpayer compliance. Additionally, the moderation of service quality was unable to influence the relationship between tax knowledge and personal taxpayer compliance. However, it was found that service quality moderation had a significant effect. It diminished the impact of tax penalties on the compliance of individual taxpayers.

Evaluating the knowledge of pain management and the impact of PASHA (Pain Assessment Stimulation and Healing Application) on pain intensity among Indonesian adolescents

Background: Effective pain management for adolescents is essential because it significantly affects their quality of life and can prevent the development of chronic pain. Although there have been advancements in this field, managing pain effectively remains challenging, highlighting the need for innovative approaches that combine technology with clinical practice. Objective: This study aimed to assess adolescents’ pain management knowledge and evaluate the effectiveness of the PASHA (Pain Assessment Stimulation and Healing Application) in reducing pain intensity among adolescents. Methods: A combination of a cross-sectional design (N = 461) and one group pretest-posttest approach (N = 60) were employed in a Junior High School at Bukittinggi, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Data were collected from June to August 2022 using the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) to assess pain management knowledge and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) to measure pain intensity. The intervention involved using the PASHA application for three days, with pain intensity assessed before and after. Descriptive statistics and Paired t-test were used for data analysis. Results: Headaches were the most prevalent pain type among adolescents (60.5%). Many adolescents lacked adequate knowledge about pain management (57.7%) and self-medication practices (49.2%). Massage/acupressure therapy was the most recognized pain management strategy (39.1%), while aromatherapy was the least known (4.8%). The PASHA application significantly reduced pain intensity (Mean difference = 0.567, p <0.001). Conclusion: Adolescents had moderate knowledge gaps in pain management, particularly in chronic pain and non-pharmacological strategies. The PASHA application effectively reduced pain intensity, suggesting its potential to enhance pain management outcomes. Future research is necessary to validate the findings.

Knowledge Level and Practice of Primary School Teachers Regarding Traumatic Dental Injuries and Their Emergency Management in Twin Cities

Background: Childhood dental trauma frequently occurs at school, with primary school teachers often being the first responders. The immediate response and management by teachers can help mitigate the adverse physical, psychological, and social impacts of dental trauma on children. Despite the significance, there is limited data on the knowledge and practices of primary school teachers regarding the emergency management of dental injuries. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge level and practices of primary school teachers concerning dental trauma and its emergency management. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in primary schools of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. A sample of 335 primary school teachers was selected using simple random sampling. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from Ivanda et al. (10), which included three sections: demographic information, background and satisfaction with current knowledge, and specific knowledge of dental trauma management. The questionnaire consisted of 14 multiple-choice questions, and knowledge was scored out of 14 points. Scores were categorized as good (11.2-14 points), moderate (8.4-11.1 points), or poor (<8.3 points) based on Bloom's cut-off points. Statistical analyses were conducted using Fisher’s exact test, chi-square test, and independent t-test with a significance threshold of p≤0.05. Results: All participants reported they had not received training for traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). The majority (97.9%) demonstrated poor knowledge, with only 2.1% showing moderate knowledge and none achieving a good knowledge level. There was a statistically significant difference in knowledge between private and public sector teachers (p=0.04), but no significant correlations were found between knowledge scores and age, education level, or teaching experience. Conclusion: Traumatic dental injuries occur frequently in schools, and teachers should be well-equipped to handle such emergencies. The study highlights the insufficient knowledge among primary school teachers regarding dental trauma management. Comprehensive training programs are recommended to improve teachers' preparedness, potentially reducing the physical and psychological impacts of dental trauma on children.

A Study to Assess the Knowledge on Care of Preterm Baby among B.Sc.(N) Students at Selected College of Nursing, Salem

Background: Preterm baby can develop a range of problems because their immature organs. As they are on risk to develop hypoxia, hypothermia and other many associated adverse conditions, who need special care and attention. Preterm babies are usually nursed in incubators to provide the best possible warmth. A proper nursing care for a preterm baby should be established through good nursing practices. Objectives: 1) To assess the level of knowledge on care of preterm baby among B.Sc(N) students. 2) To associate the level of knowledge on care of preterm baby and selected demographic variables of the B.Sc(N) students. Methods: A descriptive research design was adopted to assess the knowledge on care of preterm baby at selected college of nursing, salem. A total sample size was 27. They were selected by consecutive sampling technique. Results: The findings showed that majority 11(40.6%) had moderate knowledge, 10(37.1%) had adequate knowledge, 6(22.3%) had inadequate knowledge on care of preterm baby. Conclusion: There was a significant association between the level of knowledge and selected socio demographic variables of the students such as age, residence, previous year university examination marks (%) and source of information.

Knowledge of Nurses Toward Covid-19 at Primary Health Care

Background: Nurses' COVID-19 knowledge in primary health care is vital for managing the pandemic, including prevention, detection, and patient education. As we know, the danger of Covid-19 is not limited to workers in health centers only, but it may develop and spread to all members of society due to the lack of knowledge of health workers about methods of prevention and protection from this disease. Objective: This study assesses nurses' COVID-19 knowledge at primary healthcare centers to control the spread of the virus. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on the knowledge of nurses about COVID-19 at PHCs in Al-Najaf city. The study spanned from March to the end of July 2023. A total of 122 samples were collected from nine PHCs in AL-Najaf quarters. using a two-part questionnaire. The first part consisted of demographic information (6 items), and the second part involved scale questions to assess nurses' knowledge (35 items). Results: The study revealed that more than half of the nurses possess moderate knowledge (53.28%), while less than half demonstrated good knowledge (40.72%). It was found that demographic information does not correlate with nurses' knowledge of COVID-19., with the exception of variations across primary healthcare centers. Conclusion: The majority of nurses working in health centers have a moderate level of knowledge about COVID-19.

Assessment of Chest Tube Management Knowledge among Critical Care Nurses in a Tertiary Care Cardiac Hospital: A Descriptive Study

Objectives: Chest tubes play a critical role in managing intra-pleural pressure imbalances and preventing potentially fatal outcomes such as pulmonary collapse. The management of chest tubes is primarily the responsibility of nursing care in patients reliant on this intervention. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding chest tube management among critical care nurses at a tertiary care cardiac hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study utilized a convenient sampling method, involving a sample size of n=120 participants. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire comprising demographic parameters followed by an 18-item questionnaire assessing knowledge of chest tube management. Knowledge scores were calculated as the percentage of correct responses to the 18 knowledge-related questions. Results: Among the 120 nurses surveyed, 59.2% (71) were male, 55% (66) were under 36 years of age, and 66.7% (80) had up to 10 years of work experience. Only 20% (24) had participated in training courses regarding thoracic diseases. The mean knowledge score was 57.3 ± 17.2, with 30% (36) categorized as having low knowledge (<50%), 65% (78) as moderate knowledge (50% to 80%), and 5% (6) as high knowledge (>80%). Conclusion: The study revealed a moderate level of knowledge concerning chest tube management among critical care nurses in a tertiary care cardiac center. There is a need for structured and comprehensive training programs focusing specifically on chest tube management to enhance nurses proficiency in this critical area of patient care.

The Assessment of Knowledge Regarding Anemia in Primigravida In Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Anemia remains the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, particularly among pregnant women. It significantly impacts maternal and fetal health, contributing to both morbidity and mortality. The problem is exacerbated by a general lack of awareness about the condition, its prevention, and management. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge regarding anemia among primigravida women attending a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, aiming to identify key educational gaps that could be addressed to improve health outcomes. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Gyne Out-Patient Department of a Public Hospital in Lahore. A total of 150 primigravida women were purposively sampled. Participants were excluded if they were visiting the labor room only or had a medical background. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires, which included sections on demographic information and knowledge about anemia. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review boards, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics and chi-square tests for categorical data. Results: Out of the 150 participants, 41.3% demonstrated poor knowledge regarding anemia, 30% had moderate knowledge, and 28.7% exhibited good knowledge. Awareness of dietary sources of iron and the impact of dietary habits on iron absorption was notably low among the respondents. Conclusion: The study revealed a significant lack of knowledge about anemia among primigravida women at the surveyed hospital, highlighting an urgent need for targeted educational interventions. Improving anemia awareness can potentially enhance maternal and fetal health outcomes.

Nurses' Knowledge of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-sectional Study

General Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver conditions, including simple steatosis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Specific Background: Given the increasing prevalence of NAFLD, understanding healthcare professionals' knowledge about this condition is crucial for effective patient care and management. Knowledge Gap: However, there is limited research assessing nurses' knowledge regarding NAFLD, particularly in the context of Basrah City Center Hospitals. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate nurses' knowledge of NAFLD and investigate its relationship with demographic characteristics such as gender, age, years of experience, and departmental affiliation. Results: A cross-sectional survey involving 150 nurses revealed that 57.3% possessed high levels of knowledge regarding NAFLD, while 34% had moderate knowledge. Notably, a significant correlation was found between nurses working at Al-Shifaa Hospital and their knowledge levels. The majority of participants were female (64.7%) and aged 20-30 (72%), with a predominant educational background from Nursing Institutes (39.3%) and fewer than five years of experience (56%). Novelty: This study is pioneering in assessing the knowledge of NAFLD among nurses in Basrah, highlighting specific areas of strength and weakness in their understanding. Implications: The study highlights the need for targeted educational interventions to improve nurses' understanding of NAFLD, leading to improved patient care and outcomes in liver disease management. practice. Highlights: Increasing NAFLD prevalence necessitates enhanced healthcare provider awareness. Nurses showed significant knowledge levels about NAFLD. Knowledge varies significantly by hospital affiliation. Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, nurses' knowledge, Basrah City, cross-sectional study, healthcare education.

Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Orang Tua Tentang Penanganan ISPA Pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Palasari Subang

Acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) is still one of the important public health problems to pay attention to, because it is an acute disease that can cause death of toddlers in various developing countries including Indonesia. This study aims to determine the level of parental knowledge about handling ARI in toddlers in the Palasari Subang Health Center work area. This research method uses quantitative descriptive with descriptive design. The sampling method in this study used purposive sampling with certain considerations of 55 people. The research instrument used a questionnaire for handling ARI. The results of this study are that the majority of respondents are 26-35 years old, namely 28 people (50.9%), most respondents are female with 47 people (85.5%), with most respondents working as housewives, namely 41 people (74.5%) and the last education is high school graduates, namely 28 people (50.9%). Where the results of the level of knowledge of respondents at the Palasari Subang Health Center, most respondents have moderate knowledge, namely 39 people (69.1%). It can be concluded that the level of knowledge of respondents regarding the handling of ISPA is mostly in the moderate category, the age of respondents is mostly 26-35 years old, the majority of respondents' jobs are as housewives and the majority of respondents' education is high school level. Parents' knowledge in the good category is expected to be able to increase their knowledge about the transmission of ISPA in toddlers by seeking information about ISPA in toddlers from cadres, health workers at health centers or other information media.

Assessing Cardiovascular Knowledge Gaps in Iraq Nursing Students

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the principal cause of death globally, yet there is a noticeable gap in literature regarding the knowledge of nursing students about this critical health issue. This study aimed to assess the understanding of CVD among students at a nursing college and to explore the association between their knowledge levels and socio-demographic characteristics. Employing a descriptive cross-sectional design, the research involved a random sample of 100 nursing students, using a standardized questionnaire validated by experts and tested for reliability (alpha correlation coefficient of 0.70). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26, revealing that 59% of participants had a moderate level of knowledge about CVD. Based on these findings, we recommend the incorporation of more frequent educational sessions on cardiovascular health in nursing curricula to enhance student knowledge. Future research should expand on these findings to foster a deeper understanding of educational impacts on healthcare outcomes. Highlights: Moderate Knowledge: 59% of students have moderate CVD knowledge, indicating room for educational improvements. Reliable Assessment: The study used a validated questionnaire ensuring accurate knowledge assessment. Educational Recommendations: Suggests more frequent lectures to enhance student understanding of cardiovascular health. Keywords: Nursing Education, Student Awareness, Health Outcomes, Cardiovascular Disease, Knowledge

Evaluating the Impact of a Structured Teaching Program on Maternal Knowledge of Weaning Diets for Children Aged 6 Months to 2 Years

Beginning with supplementation, weaning continues until the child is totally off breast milk. Indian babies are entirely breastfed till six months, and their growth is usually good. Breast milk alone cannot support growth after six months. Breast milk cannot provide enough calories and nutrients for growing newborns as it diminishes. Fruit juice supplementation is necessary since breast milk lacks vitamin C. Since a child’s liver stores iron for only 4-6 months, iron-rich foods should be offered after six months. Vitamin D is absent from breast milk. Starting additional meals around six months helps the youngster grow and stay healthy. This was a pre-experimental study (one group pre- and post-test). The sample included 100 moms from Mokhumpur, Dehradun. Study participants were selected via convenient sampling. Data was collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire. The pre-test showed that 15% (15) of mothers had inadequate weaning diet knowledge, 80% (80) had intermediate knowledge, and 5% (5) had adequate knowledge. After the intervention (a structured teaching program), 23% (23) had moderate knowledge, and 77% (77) had adequate understanding. Post-test knowledge scores (M = 21.86, SD = 2.98) were 7.09 points higher than pre-test scores (M = 14.77, SD = 3.59). The t-test value (t(99) = 26.660) and p-value (<0.001) indicate statistical significance (p-value < 0.05).

Human papillomavirus vaccine beliefs and intentions Post-COVID-19 vaccine release among mothers in Alabama

PurposeThe current study sought to determine if the release of COVID-19 vaccines influenced Alabama mothers’ attitudes and behaviors regarding HPV vaccination of their adolescent children. MethodsA social media survey was conducted August − September 2022 among mothers of adolescents ages 9–18, who self-identified as Alabama residents and their child(ren)’s primary medical decision maker. The survey assessed demographics, vaccine knowledge and opinions, vaccination history, influences on vaccination decisions, and how COVID-19 vaccine release affected vaccine opinions. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted. ResultsOf 241 responses, most participants were white (82.0 %, n = 196), non-Hispanic (96.6 %, n = 230), and privately insured (64.5 %, n = 151), with annual household incomes ≥$61,000 (45.4 %, n = 103). The majority (60.8 %) reported that their child either had or planned to receive the HPV vaccine. The release of COVID-19 vaccines did not change the majority of parental opinions towards HPV, with 78.5 % (n = 161) reporting no change. Among those who experienced a change, 25 % (n = 5) reported an increased likelihood of having their child vaccinated for HPV and 75 % (n = 15) reported a decrease in likelihood. Moderate and high HPV knowledge scores were associated in multivariable analysis with increased likelihood of having their child vaccinated for HPV (“moderate” knowledge AOR: 12.4, 95 % CI: 1.98–78.1; “high” knowledge AOR: 12.8, 95 % CI: 2.00–82.1). Positive HPV opinion scores in the univariable analysis similarly showed increased odds (AOR = 1.5). ConclusionsThese findings indicate that, in this population, COVID-19 vaccine release did not significantly impact subsequent HPV vaccination decision making. Parental perceptions regarding vaccination are critical to informing future interventions.

EFFECTIVENESS OF SELF INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR AND ITS PREVENTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SELECTED P. U. COLLEGES AT VIJAYAPUR

Background: Approximately 20% of the population in India consists of adolescents. Adolescence can be defined as a developmental period that serves as a bridge between childhood and maturity. The current stage of growth and development is characterized by a state of vulnerability. Methodology: A quantitative approach with pre experimental one group pretest post test design was adopted for the study. The samples from the selected PU colleges of Vijaypura district were selected using convenient sampling technique. The sample consisted of 60 PU college students. The tools used for data collection was knowledge questionnaire. Results: The study result reveal that, pre tests knowledge score mean was 20.4 and mean post tests score was 26.5. In pretest 8(13.3%) of Adolescents were had Inadequate Knowledge, 42(70.0%) of them were had Moderate Knowledge and 10(16.7%) of them were had Adequate Knowledge and in post test 12(20.0%) of them were had Moderate Knowledge and 48(80.0%) of them were had Adequate Knowledge.A significant difference will be found between the pre test and post test knowledge scores of the adolescents regarding Aggression behaviour and its prevention at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion:Self instructional module improved the knowledge level of the participants. Since a very few studies have been conducted regarding this topic in India, so the nurse researcher can take further studies on the same topic.

Assessment of the level of technological literacy among non-teaching staff in selected universities in Edo State, Nigeria

The purpose of the study was to assess the level of technological literacy among non-teaching staff (NTS) in selected public universities in Edo State, Nigeria. Two research questions were raised to guide the study and two corresponding hypotheses were formulated and were also tested at 0.05 level of significance. A survey research design was used for the study. The population of the study comprised 1520 NTS obtained from both public and private universities in Edo State used for this study. A forty-item questionnaire structured on a five-point rating scale was the instrument used for data collection. The content and face validity of the instrument were carried out by experts in measurement and evaluation and a science educator A reliability coefficient of 0.80 was obtained. A reliability test of the instrument was also conducted and analysed using mean, standard deviation, and Z-test statistics. Findings show that non-teaching staff in Edo State selected universities possess moderate level knowledge of: (1) technological literacy, and (2) nature of technology. The study also revealed that there were high differences in technological skill levels between public and privately owned universities. Implication of the study was highlighted as being of great benefit to science and technology education planners and administrators, technical instructors and students. Based on the findings of the study, appropriate recommendations were made and if adopted it will enhance the level of technological literacy among non-teaching staff in universities in Edo State, Nigeria.

Knowledge About Cervical Cancer and Awareness About Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Medical Students at the Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Objectives To evaluate the knowledge and awareness about cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among medical undergraduates at Northern Border University. Methods It was a cross-sectional studydoneon students selected conveniently from the College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar. The data were collected regarding knowledge about HPV infection and vaccine awareness using a validated questionnaire. Results A total of 200 students responded to the questionnaires, with 104 (52%) being male students and 120 (60%) being clinical years of MBBS. The mean knowledge score was 17.12 ± 2.73 out of 24, which was labeled as moderate knowledge about cervical cancer and HPV. Almost two-thirds of the students responded correctly to the etiology and risk factors of cervical cancer, whileonly half of the students knew the correct screening intervals for cervical cancer.The awareness of studentsabout the HPV vaccine was deficient, andthe mean score was estimatedto be 4.20 ± 0.79 out of nine. Female students and students in clinical years showed significantly better understanding and awareness about cervical cancer and its vaccine and showed greater vaccine acceptability as compared to male students and students in preclinical years. Conclusion The present study shows moderate knowledge about cervical cancer but deficient awareness of medical students about the HPV vaccine. However, the students were willing to get educated about cervical cancer and its vaccine and showed a favorable opinion towards vaccinating the schoolgirls and educating their patients as future physicians. The information can be considered a benchmark on knowledge and awareness levels and can be utilized to modify medical curricula and develop efficient awareness programs.

Healthcare Workers' Knowledge and Attitude Towards COVID-19 and Its Effect on Their Mental Health in England

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious disease that is presently a global public health concern. Evidence from previous disease outbreaks, along with early evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic, suggests that these events have significant short and long-term effects on the mental health of healthcare workers. All healthcare stakeholders should create short and long-term plans to support the mental health of workers during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This research examines the knowledge and attitude of healthcare workers towards the COVID-19 crisis, investigates the impact on their mental health. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional quantitative design with a closed ended structured anonymous questionnaire as a tool to explore data online from healthcare workers at the study site in selected hospitals in England. The quantitative data analysis software SPSS was used to analyse the data using inferential statistics and cross tabulation. Results: Data from this quantitative study was collected using a questionnaire and analysed using SPSS and inferential statistics. Findings show that 80% of the respondents significantly have general good knowledge of COVID-19 and 11% had moderate and poor knowledge respectively. A good attitude towards COVID-19 was found among 73% of respondents while a poor attitude among 27%. An increase in death rate (10.9%), close contact with the patient (10.9%), and getting infected thereby transmitting the virus to family were most of the factors linked to the effect on their mental health. Accepting responsibility (9.9%), escaping evidence to relieve stress (9.7%), and calling a friend (9.6%) were methods adopted by the respondents as a coping strategy. Conclusion: Healthcare workers’ mental well-being has been negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in depression, anxiety, and stress. It is recommended that healthcare authorities ensure that they provide necessary assistance, proper information, and training and substantiate practical resources. Self-care is one of the important needs during mental disorders thus it is recommended that healthcare workers should focus on taking time out to mentally relax themselves during work.

The knowledge, attitudes, and practices of arteriovenous access assessment among hemodialysis nurses: A multicenter cross-sectional survey.

Hemodialysis nurses' cannulation technique, monitoring, and management methods can affect patients' vascular access longevity. An arteriovenous access assessment comprises a medical history and vascular assessment through physical examination and surveillance. However, further exploration is needed to fully understand hemodialysis nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in this area. Between June and July 2023, we recruited hemodialysis nurses from 21 cities in Guangdong Province using a convenience sampling method. Four questionnaires-the General Data Questionnaire, the KAP Scale of Arteriovenous Access Assessment among Hemodialysis Nurses, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and the NASA Task Load Index-were utilized for data collection through the Questionnaire Star platform. Of the 530 hemodialysis nurses participating in the study, 458 (86.4%) had a valid response. The participants demonstrated moderate knowledge and practice levels regarding arteriovenous access assessment and exhibited positive attitudes. We identified several factors related to arteriovenous access assessment that predict KAP in hemodialysis nurses. These factors included years of experience as a hemodialysis nurse, whether a nurse's knowledge of physical examination was sufficient to meet clinical needs, whether a nurse had received training in performing physical examination, whether a nurse's department regularly checked the quality of physical examination, and nurses' levels of work engagement and mental workload. All factors explained 32.4% of the variance in participants' KAP regarding arteriovenous access assessment. Improving hemodialysis nurses' assessment of arteriovenous access is crucial to ensure optimal patient care. Dialysis center managers and educators should prioritize understanding hemodialysis nurses' KAP of arteriovenous access assessment and any factors influencing these areas.

Frequency of Knowledge of Risk and Complications of Cigarette Smoking among Female Smokers

Background: Despite the significant role of smoking in causing preventable diseases, many women smokers lack an understanding of the associated risks. Gaining insights into their knowledge levels is crucial for designing effective health interventions that promote smoking cessation and enhance overall public health. Objective: To assess the level of awareness regarding the risks and complications of cigarette smoking among female smokers. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Outpatient Department of Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana, Pakistan, from July to December 2023. The study involved 126 female smokers. Data were collected using a 15-item questionnaire to evaluate the participants' knowledge about the risks and complications of smoking. The responses were categorized as low, moderate, or high knowledge. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: The participants' average age was 31.25 years (SD = 13.55 years). Knowledge levels about smoking risks among the participants were distributed as follows: 54.8% had low knowledge, 30.2% had moderate knowledge, and 15.1% demonstrated high knowledge of smoking risks and complications. Conclusion: Over half of the female smokers surveyed exhibited low awareness of the dangers associated with smoking. This underscores the need for targeted educational and health-related activities to effectively reduce smoking levels among women.

Investigating the knowledge and attitude of nurses regarding hypoglycemia of diabetic patients hospitalized in Marjan Teaching Hospital in 2022

Introduction and purpose: Diabetes is the most common disease caused by carbohydrate metabolism disorder that causes damage to many organs including kidney, eyes and heart. Increasing the knowledge and attitude of nurses can reduce the chronic complications of the disease. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of determining the knowledge and attitude of nurses regarding hypoglycemia of diabetic patients admitted to Marjan Teaching Hospital in the year. Research method: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 172 nurses working in Marjan teaching hospital in Babylon city were selected by available purposive sampling method. Information was collected using three parts of questionnaire, including first part of demographic data, and tow part about knowledge assessment, and last part of questionnaire to assess nurses' attitudes regarding hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. Findings: results of the study showed that among 172 participating nurses, the majority were women (55.8%), with the largest number falling into the age group of 20-29 years. Regarding knowledge assessment, nurses scored an average of 57.47 out of a total possible score ranging from 41 to 70, indicating a moderate level of knowledge about hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. Specifically, nurses in this department scored an average of 59.86% of knowledge points related to hypoglycemia. The average score among nurses regarding hypoglycemia in diabetic patients was 17.41 out of a possible range of 9 to 24, suggesting a generally positive attitude towards managing hypoglycemic episodes in diabetic patients. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of improving nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. While most nurses showed moderate knowledge levels, there's room for enhancement, especially in managing hypoglycemic episodes effectively. Although nurses generally displayed a positive attitude, continuous education could bolster their confidence and skills in diabetic care, potentially reducing chronic complications.