Moderate Intensity Interval Training Research Articles

What Type Of Exercise Is Appropriate For An Optimistic Affective Mind-set?

PURPOSE: “Affective mind-set” is a mental frame or lens that selectively organizes. Previous reports proved that activation of the left anterior brain region is linked with the optimistic affective mind-set. Aerobic exercise such as moderate-intensity interval training (MIT) and moderate continuous training (MCT) activates the frontal area of the left hemisphere, which gives euphoric feelings. However, whether interval training is appropriate for stimulating an optimistic affective mind-set is unknown. We hypothesized that interval, rather than continuous, training activates the left brain. This study aimed to evaluate which exercise can activate the left brain more by using three different kinds of bicycle exercise. METHODS: The participants were six healthy male volunteers. The three bicycle exercises used were MCT, MIT, and high-intensity interval training (HIT). Exercise intensity was considered in the assessment of the peak heart rate (PHR) induced by the cardiopulmonary exercise test. A 70% PHR was defined as moderate intensity; and 90% PHR, as high intensity. The MCT protocol included 3 min of warm-up (WU) and 40 min of moderate-intensity (70% PHR) continuous exercise, 3 min of cooldown (CD), and 10 min of rest. The MIT protocol was composed of a 3-minute WU, 4 term of moderate-intensity (70% PHR) exercise, active rest (45% PHR), 5-min CD, and 10-min rest. The HIT protocol was composed of a 3-min WU, 4 term of high-intensity (90% PHR) exercise with active rest (70% PHR), 3-min CD, and 10-min rest. Brain activity was measured using electroencephalography (EEG; NegPos, Neuro Sky). EEG was performed during each session. Data were the mean values obtained at WU, CD, and 5-min rest. ⊿CD-WU and ⊿Rest 5-min WU were calculated. The three groups were compared via one-way analysis of variance, with the Bonferroni test for post hoc comparison. RESULTS: A slight difference was observed among the three groups in ⊿Rest 5-min WU (MIT: 42.0±42.6, HIT: −19.5±48.6, MCT:-3.8±14.8, p<0.057). ⊿CD-WU was not significantly different among the groups (MCT: −2.7±15.8, MIT: 39.1±43.7, HIT: −16.2±51.1, p<0.11). WU and CD showed no significance differences among the three groups (WU: p<0.25, CD: p<0.51). CONCLUSION: MIT is the most appropriate exercise for an optimistic affective mind-set. I have no financial relationships to disclose.

Effectiveness of high intensity interval training supplemented with peripheral and inspiratory resistance training in chronic heart failure: a pilot study

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an evidence-based therapy in chronic heart failure (CHF). There is still debate about the optimal training protocol in CHF. The use of high intensity interval training (HIIT) supplemented with peripheral (PRT) and inspiratory resistance training (IRT) might be more beneficial because of the higher impact on the peripheral and inspiratory muscles, with less symptoms of dyspnoea and lower amount of dropouts as a result. We compared our standard exercise-based CR programme, mainly consisting of moderate intensity interval training to a programme combining HIIT, PRT and IRT (resistance training supplemented HIIT (RHIIT) programme).Design: Randomised controlled pilot study.Methods: Twenty patients with CHF were randomised on a 1:1 basis to the standard or RHIIT programme. At baseline and after 3 months, peak exercise capacity (VO2peak), peripheral (QF) and inspiratory respiratory muscle strength (MIP), quality of life (QOL) and physical activity were measured.Results: The RHIIT programme resulted in a significantly larger improvement in QF (ΔQF RHIIT programme: 19.3 ± 11.8 vs standard programme: –6.89 ± 19.0 Nm (p < .01)) and MIP (ΔMIP RHIIT programme: –44.9 ± 29.9 vs standard programme: 0.56 ± 19.4 cmH2O (p < .01)). Both programmes equally improved in VO2peak (p = .91), whereas ventilatory efficiency and physical activity remained stable.Conclusion: HIIT supplemented with PRT and IRT might be applicable as standard protocol in CHF. Larger studies are warranted to confirm our findings. The RHIIT programme resulted in similar training effects in VO2peak in a shorter training period. This might be beneficial in a chronic patient population such as CHF, where adherence is difficult.

Multimodal Prehabilitation in Patients Listed for Heart Transplantation: A Pilot Study

Purpose To assess the effect of multimodal prehabilitation in patients listed for heart transplantation (HT) Prehabilitation programs that combine physical training, nutritional support and emotional reinforcement have been effective in increasing functional capacity and preventing postoperative complications in selected high risk surgical populations Methods Adult patients listed for HT were included. Exclusion criteria were hospitalized/unstable patients and lack of availability for going to the hospital for 2 times a week. Patients were evaluated before and after completing 8 weeks of prehab program. The intervention consisted on exercise training, nutritional counseling and protein supplementation, respiratory physiotherapy and mindfulness therapy. The exercise training consisted in 2 1-hour sessions/week of personalized monitored and supervised moderate-intensity interval training and endurance strength training at the hospital outpatient gym facility during 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, and until HT, patients followed a mixed maintenance program (1 session/week of supervised training) and were encouraged to keep their physical activity. Results 14 patients were included from July 2017 to October 2018 (12M/2F, Age 53±10yr-old). One patient was transplanted before the program was started. 7 patients completed the 8wks-intensive phase program and were re-assessed and 2 patients are still in the intensive phase. The 4 remaining ones received transplantation before completing the program. 5 patients enrolled in the program were successfully transplanted (median time of intubation=16h (6-19); median hospital stay=15 days (14-17). The median duration of the program was 72 days (range 14-452). One patient asked to opt out from the HT waiting list since symptomatology improved. No cardiac events occurred during the program. Conclusion Multimodal prehabilitation program in patients awaiting HT seems feasible, safe and might increase exercise tolerance, functional capacity and quality of life.

High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Systematic Review.

High-intensity exercise may beneficially impact on insulin sensitivity. However, there is still uncertainty on the actual impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on chronic physiologic adaptations among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to systematically search and appraise the evidence base on the effects of HIIT in comparison to mild- or moderate-intensity interval training (MMIIT) on glycemic control inT2DM. A total of 5 RCT met the inclusion criteria. Most studies presented significant differences for weight and BMI with HIIT, and with both interventions for total body fat. For the other health-related variables (systolic and diastolic BP, fasting cholesterol, LDL and HDL, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and HbAc1), only 1 study provided detailed results for HIIT, showing significant differences for systolic BP and HDL cholesterol in 2 studies, total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, whereas for MIIT, only 1 study brought significant differences for LDL cholesterol. For glucose levels, significant differences were reported in 4 studies for both HIIT and MMIT, but only two studies used the percentage delta assessment tool, whereas 1 study only showed significant improvements for HIIT. The number of studies for the analysis is not precise as to the statements regarding the results of the intervention proposed for this public, since they do not allow identifying a consistency of the findings, not presenting diversity between the training methods and the different methods of volume control and intensity of training.

Risk of Falls in Healthy Older Adults: Benefits of High-Intensity Interval Training Using Lower Body Suspension Exercises

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) programs, both with a suspension training system, on several fall risk factors in healthy older adults. A total of 82 participants (68.23 ± 2.97 years) were randomized to HIIT (n = 28), MIIT (n = 27), or control (n = 27) groups. Balance confidence (Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale), fear of falling (Falls Efficacy Scale-International), dynamic balance (Timed Up and Go test), and gait analysis (OptoGait optical detection system) were assessed. Statistical analysis showed improvements after the intervention in the HIIT group compared with the MIIT and control groups regarding the fear of falling (p < .05 and p < .01, respectively), gait (both ps < .05), and dynamic balance (p < .05 and p < .01, respectively), whereas both HIIT and MIIT groups improved balance confidence compared with the control group (p < .01 and p < .05, respectively). We can conclude that HIIT has significant beneficial effects of fall risk in older adults.

The Effects of Exercise Training Intensity on the Expression of C/EBPβ and CITED4 in Rats with Myocardial Infarction

Background: Exercise training (ET) has a cardioprotective effect and can induce new cardiomyocyte formation in physiological cardiac remodeling. However, following a large myocardial infarction (MI), the changes in cardiac regeneration and the subsequently different intensities of ET remain unexplored. We investigated the effect of different intensities of ET on the expression of C/EBPβ and CITED4 after an MI. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to left coronary artery ligation (LAD). Following an echocardiographic evaluation at four weeks after surgery, MI-operated animals were randomly assigned to either the MI-sedentary (MI-Sed) or the MI-trained groups (low intensity interval training (LIIT), moderate intensity interval training (MIIT), and high intensity interval training (HIIT)). MI-trained animals performed six weeks ET protocols (five days/week). Results: Ten weeks after surgery, HIIT and MIIT animals had significantly higher LV ejection fraction compared to MI-Sed animals. HIIT animals had significantly diminished mRNA levels of C/EBPβ compared to MI-Sed. The mRNA level of CITED4 in HIIT and MIIT were significantly high compared to MI-Sed. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that cardiac functions are ET intensity-dependent, following a MI. It seems that higher intensities of ET are most effective agents in promoting the expression of C/EBPβ and CITED4. Thus, ET has emerged as an important variable in preclinical and clinical investigations.

OR-005 Effects of HIITand MICT for 10 weeks on myocardial AMPK and PGC-1α in rats

Objective: The improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is known as an effective strategy for prevention cardiovascular risk. Myocardial aerobic oxidation which control by the signal way of adenosine monophosphate -activated protein kinase (AMPK)- peroxisome proliferators γ activated receptor coativator-1-α (PGC-1α) is the key for CRF. Previous studies only discuss the effect of the Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) and High Intensive Interval Training (HIIT) on the signal way of AMPK- PGC-1α in skeletal muscle but not in the myocardium. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 10 weeks HIIT and MICT on the expression of AMPK and PGC-1α in the myocardium of wistar male rats.&#x0D; Methods: Wistar male rats (n=30) aged 6 weeks were randomly divided into HIIT or MICT or control (CON) group. The training groups ran on a treadmill 5 days/week for 10 weeks. HIIT group ran six times 3 minutes (0° slope) 90% of Vmax separated by 3 minutes 50% of Vmax and MICT group ran for 50min (0° slope) at 60–70% of maximal speed (Vmax). The expression of AMPK and PGC-1α were assessed by Western Blotting.&#x0D; Results: After 10 weeks training, HIIT and MICT both increased the AMPK and PGC-1α expression compared with the CON group. Compared with the MICT group, the expression of AMPK and PGC-1α were significantly higher than the HIIT group (p&lt;0.05). AMPK in MICT group were significant increased 1.16 times, and in HIIT group were significant increased 1.28 times to CON (P&lt;0.05). PGC-1α level of HIIT was significant increased to 1.32 times to CON and also significant increased to 1.15 times to Group M (P&lt;0.05); PGC-1α level of MICT was significant increased to 1.15 times to CON.&#x0D; Conclusion：HIIT seems to improve myocardial AMPK and PGC-1α more efficiently than MICT in rats after 10 weeks training.

Effect of exercise training intensity on mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in post myocardial infarction rats

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common type of heart disease. According to recent studies, mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested as a central player in cardiac disease and evidences point out the association of mitochondrial morphology with development of heart diseases. Exercise training plays a protective role against cardiovascular disease. However, the role of exercise training on proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy system are not well understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate these on cardiac mitochondrial dynamic and mitophagy proteins in rats with myocardial infarction. The present study was post-test design experiment with the control group. after MI with ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and ensuring the creation of MI by echocardiography, male rats were subjected to high intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate (MIIT), low (LIIT), sedentary myocardial infarction (SED-MI) and healthy control groups. After six weeks exercise, the levels of MFN2, DRP1, Parkin, P62 and PGC-1α proteins were measured by ELISA method. Data analysis showed that proteins levels of MFN2, PGC-1α, Parkin and P62 decreased significantly in SED-MI group compared to healthy control while DRP1 protein levels increased significantly (P≤0.05). Also, MFN2 and PGC-1α proteins increased in MIIT group compared with SED-MI group and DRP1 protein levels were significantly decreased (P≤0.05). Moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) resulted to improve mitochondrial fusion and fusion proteins in rats with myocardial infarction. While high and low intensity interval training (HIIT, LIIT), despite increasing MFN2 and PGC-1α and reducing DRP1, failed to improve fusion and mitochondrial fission

Blood Lactate Steady state Level Sustained During Rest Time In Moderate Intensity Interval Training

Blood Lactate Steady state Level Sustained During Rest Time In Moderate Intensity Interval Training

Highly favorable physiological responses to concurrent resistance and high-intensity interval training during chemotherapy: the OptiTrain breast cancer trial

BackgroundAdvanced therapeutic strategies are often accompanied by significant adverse effects, which warrant equally progressive countermeasures. Physical exercise has proven an effective intervention to improve physical function and reduce fatigue in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in this population are not well established although HIIT has proven effective in other clinical populations. The aim of the OptiTrain trial was to examine the effects of concurrent resistance and high-intensity interval training (RT-HIIT) or concurrent moderate-intensity aerobic and high-intensity interval training (AT-HIIT), to usual care (UC) on pain sensitivity and physiological outcomes in patients with breast cancer during chemotherapy.MethodsTwo hundred and forty women were randomized to 16 weeks of RT-HIIT, AT-HIIT, or UC. Outcomes: cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, body mass, hemoglobin levels, and pressure-pain threshold.ResultsPre- to post-intervention, RT-HIIT (ES = 0.41) and AT-HIIT (ES = 0.42) prevented the reduced cardiorespiratory fitness found with UC. Handgrip strength (surgery side: RT-HIIT vs. UC: ES = 0.41, RT-HIIT vs. AT-HIIT: ES = 0.28; non-surgery side: RT-HIIT vs. UC: ES = 0.35, RT-HIIT vs. AT-HIIT: ES = 0.22) and lower-limb muscle strength (RT-HIIT vs. UC: ES = 0.66, RT-HIIT vs. AT-HIIT: ES = 0.23) were significantly improved in the RT-HIIT. Increases in body mass were smaller in RT-HIIT (ES = − 0.16) and AT-HIIT (ES = − 0.16) versus UC. RT-HIIT reported higher pressure-pain thresholds than UC (trapezius: ES = 0.46, gluteus: ES = 0.53) and AT-HIIT (trapezius: ES = 0.30).ConclusionSixteen weeks of RT-HIIT significantly improved muscle strength and reduced pain sensitivity. Both exercise programs were well tolerated and were equally efficient in preventing increases in body mass and in preventing declines in cardiorespiratory fitness. These results highlight the importance of implementing a combination of resistance and high-intensity interval training during chemotherapy for women with breast cancer.

Greater effects of high- compared with moderate-intensity interval training on cardio-metabolic variables, blood leptin concentration and ratings of perceived exertion in obese adolescent females

Greater effects of high- compared with moderate-intensity interval training on cardio-metabolic variables, blood leptin concentration and ratings of perceived exertion in obese adolescent females

Greater effects of high- compared with moderate-intensity interval training on cardio-metabolic variables, blood leptin concentration and ratings of perceived exertion in obese adolescent females.

This study examined the effects of high- vs. moderate-intensity interval training on cardiovascular fitness, leptin levels and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in obese female adolescents. Forty-seven participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups receiving either a 1:1 ratio of 15 s of effort comprising moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT at 80% maximal aerobic speed: MAS) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT at 100% MAS), with matched 15 s recovery at 50% MAS, thrice weekly, or a no-training control group. The HIIT and MIIT groups showed improved (p < 0.05) body mass (BM), BMI Z-score, and percentage of body fat (%BF). Only the HIIT group showed decreased waist circumference (WC) (p = 0.017). The effect of exercise on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was significant (p = 0.019, ES = 0.48 and p = 0.010, ES = 0.57, HIIT and MIIT, respectively). The decrease of rate-pressure product (RPP) (p < 0.05, ES = 0.53 and ES = 0.46, HIIT and MIIT, respectively) followed the positive changes in resting heart rate and blood pressures. Blood glucose, insulin level and the homeostasis model assessment index for insulin decreased (p < 0.05) in both training groups. Significant decreases occurred in blood leptin (p = 0.021, ES = 0.67 and p = 0.011, ES = 0.73) and in RPE (p = 0.001, ES = 0.76 and p = 0.017, ES = 0.57) in HIIT and MIIT, respectively. In the post-intervention period, blood leptin was strongly associated with %BF (p < 0.001) and VO2max (p < 0.01) in the HIIT and MIIT groups, respectively, while RPE was strongly associated with BM (p < 0.01) in the HIIT group. The results suggest that high-intensity interval training may produce more positive effects on health determinants in comparison with the same training mode at a moderate intensity.

Effect of Various Intensities of Short-Term Interval Training on Oxygen Uptake Kinetics

Oxygen (O2) uptake kinetics reflect the rate at which an individual’s oxygen consumption (VO2) changes to meet a new metabolic demand, such as an increase or decrease in exercise intensity. O2 uptake kinetics can indicate cardiovascular and metabolic fitness and are described by the time variable, τ (tau), of the exponential equation describing the change in VO2. With training τ decreases, indicating a more rapid increase in VO2 to meet the new metabolic demand. Interval training at supramaximal (&gt;100% VO2max) intensities has been shown to elicit similar improvements in O2 uptake kinetics to traditional endurance training. This study looked to determine the optimal intensity of interval training for eliciting improvements in O2 uptake kinetics. Fifteen recreationally active individuals (males: n=9, age = 23.3±3.3 years, VO2max = 44.2±6.5 ml O2•min-1•kg-1; females: n=6, age = 21.5±0.7 years, VO2max = 39.7±5.4 ml O2•min-1•kg-1) participated in 12 training sessions over 4 weeks. To measure O2 uptake kinetics subjects completed three step transitions from loadless (~25W) to low work-rate (~80W) cycling, prior and following training. Each subject was randomly assigned to one of three intensities - high-intensity interval training (HIIT ~120% VO2max), moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT ~90% VO2max), and low-intensity interval training (LIIT ~65% VO2max). Each session consisted of 8-12 intervals of 1-minute duration with 1-minute recovery on a stationary bicycle at the prescribed relative intensity. No significant differences between groups were observed in changes in τ (Δτ: LIIT: 3.1±8.3s; MIIT: -0.59±12.4s; HIIT: 6.2±6.0s).

Effectiveness of Moderate Intensity Interval Training as an Index of Autonomic Nervous Activity.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of moderate intensity interval training from the change of the autonomic nervous activity. Ten male volunteers aged 21-22 years were studied. After 10-minute rest in a seated position, the subjects were asked to perform the strength of moderate cycling exercise in ergometer. Cycling rate was done in 50 times/min. Load resistance of the ergometer was set to 2.0 kgm. Subjects paused the exercise when the heart rate becomes 120 beats/min. Subjects have resumed the exercise when the heart rate returns to the value at rest. This trial was repeated twice. The experiment was ended when the heart rate of the subjects has returned to resting level. When the heart rate during exercise is maintained to less than 120 beats/min, sympathetic nerve activity during exercise did not work actively compared to the baseline. Vagus nerve activity after exercise cessation exceeds the baseline. It is clarified that the exercise as well as activating the vagus nerve activity stimulates the total autonomic nervous activity. It has revealed that at the time of interval training at moderate load the vagus nerve activity can be carried out.

Abstract 18329: Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Improves Following Moderate-intensity Continuous Training but not High-intensity Interval Training in Older Men and Postmenopausal Women

Introduction: Aortic pulse wave velocity (AoPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, increases with age and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. Higher levels of habitual physical activity are associated with reduced AoPWV, but the effect of well-controlled aerobic training interventions in healthy older adults remains unclear. We hypothesized that moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) will both improve AoPWV in healthy older adults. Methods: Thirty five sedentary older men and postmenopausal women, free of overt cardiovascular disease (age, 65±1 yrs, body mass index, 27.7±0.8 kg/m 2 ; systolic and diastolic blood pressures, 116±2 and 69±1 mmHg, respectively; mean±SE) participated in this intervention. Subjects were randomized to MICT (n=13), HIIT (n=12) or non-exercise control group (CONT; n=10). Isocaloric MICT and HIIT were performed on Airdyne bicycles 4 days/week for 8 weeks under supervision. MICT consisted of 47 min of cycling at 70% of maximal heart rate, while HIIT consisted of 40 min of cycling at alternating intensities of 90% and 70% of maximal heart rate. AoPWV, aortic systolic and diastolic blood pressures were evaluated using applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor) before and after the intervention. Results: AoPWV improved by 0.52 m/s in MICT (9.26±0.39 vs. 8.75±0.35 m/s, pre- vs. post-intervention; P&lt;0.05), but did not change in HIIT (9.29±0.29 vs. 9.16±0.38 m/s, P&gt;0.05) or CONT (8.82±0.75 vs. 9.26±0.70 m/s, P&gt;0.05). Aortic systolic blood pressure (MICT: 106±2 vs. 107±3 mmHg; HIIT: 115±3 vs. 113±4 mmHg; CONT: 109±5 vs. 110±4 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (MICT: 69±2 vs. 69±2 mmHg; HIIT: 70±2 vs. 70±2 mmHg; CONT: 68±2 vs. 69±2 mmHg) did not change with the intervention (P&gt;0.05). Body mass index remained unchanged in all groups (P&gt;0.05). Conclusions: MICT Airdyne exercise leads to arterial destiffening, however, HIIT does not lead to improved arterial stiffness in healthy older men and postmenopausal women.

Relationship of Training Load to Training Response During High Intensity and Continuous Cycle Training

BACKGROUND: High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been promoted as an alternative to conventional aerobic training (AER). However, it is unclear if HIIT is more effective than conventional AER or moderate intensity interval training. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare & correlate improvements in peak sprint (SPR) and incremental( INC) power output with various markers of training load, including percent heart rate reserve (%HRR), blood lactate ([BLa]), & session RPE (sRPE). METHODS: Untrained subjects (N=55) completed pre and post SPR and INC cycle tests & 24 sessions (random assignment to training group) of AER (20-min bout @ 90%VT), moderate intervals (INT) ( 13 x 30/60s @ 100% PPO/25W), or Tabata (TAB) intervals (8 x 20/10s @ 170% PPO/passive recovery). RESULTS: Following the 8-week training period, %HRR, BLa, & sPRE, followed study design, with intensity progressed so that relative training intensity remained stable. Despite TAB having highest average (vs AER & INT) %HRR (84 vs 76 vs 75 %HRR), sRPE (6.9 vs 4.3 vs 5.4), & [BLa] (11.5 vs 5.5 vs 8.3 mmol/L), it was not associated with significantly (p<0.05) greater increases in SPR (+9.7 vs +8.5 vs +4.7%) or INC (+8.3 vs +4.3 vs +6.7%) compared to AER & INT. None of the correlations betweeen training markers and changes in SPR or INC were strong. Even when intensity and duration were combined as the HR zone derived training impulse (TRIMP) (10.6 vs 40.8 vs 41.4) there was no clear relationship between training load and the response of either SPR or INC. CONCLUSION: Contrary to claims for the superiority of HIIT, the data suggest that two varieties of HIIT (INT & TAB) were not superior to conventional AER relative to improving either SPR or INC cycle power output in previously untrained subjects.

Biventricular Strain Following Moderate-intensity And High-intensity Interval Training In Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Biventricular Strain Following Moderate-intensity And High-intensity Interval Training In Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Effect of interval training programme on pulse pressure in the management of hypertension: A randomized controlled trial

Pulse pressure (PP), might be a stronger determinants of cardiovascular risk. To investigate the effect of interval training program on PP in subjects with hypertension. Two hundred and forty five male patients with mild to moderate (Systolic Blood Pressure [SBP] between 140-179 & Diastolic Blood Pressure [DBP] between 90-109 mmHg) essential hypertension were age-matched and grouped into exercise and control groups. The exercise (work: rest ratio of 1:1) groups involved in an 8-weeks interval training programs of between 45-60 minutes, at intensities of 60-79% of HR max (maximum heart rate), while the control group remained sedentary during this period. SBP, DBP, VO2max and PP were assessed. Findings of the study revealed significant correlation between PP and blood pressure; correlation of PP with SBP was much stronger (95% variance). Also, there was significant effect of the exercise training program on SBP, DBP and PP. Changes in VO2max also negatively correlated with changes in PP (r= -.285) at p<0.05. Moderate intensity interval training programs is effective in the non-pharmacological management of hypertension and may prevent cardiovascular event through the down regulation of PP in hypertension.

Effects of high vs. moderate exercise intensity during interval training on lipids and adiponectin levels in obese young females

We investigate the effects of 12-week interval training of moderate- or high-intensity exercise on blood lipids and plasma levels of adiponectin. Thirty-four obese adolescent females [age = 15.9±0.3years; BMI and BMI-Z-score =30.8±1.6kg/m(2) and 3±0.3, respectively], were randomized to high-intensity interval training (HIIT, n=11), moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT, n=11), or a control group (CG, n=12). Maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]), maximal aerobic speed (MAS), plasma lipids and adiponectin levels were measured in all subjects before and after training. Following the training program, in both training groups, body mass, BMI-Z-score, and percentage body fat (% BF) decreased, while [Formula: see text] and MAS increased. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and adiponectin levels were positively altered (-12.6 and -7.4%; 6.3 and 8.0%; 35.8 and 16.2%; high to moderate training program, respectively). Waist circumference, triglyceride and total cholesterol decreased only in HIIT group (-3.5; -5.3 and -7.0%, respectively, in all P<0.05). Significant decrease in the usual index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) occurred in HIIT and MIIT groups (-29.2±5.3 and -18.4±8.6%, respectively; P<0.01). The results show that HIIT positively changes blood lipids and adiponectin variables in obese adolescent girls, resulting in improved insulin sensitivity, as attested by a lower HOMA-IR, and achieving better results compared to moderate-intensity exercise.

High Intensity Interval Training in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Brief Review of Physiologic Adaptations and Suggestions for Future Research

High Intensity Interval Training in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Brief Review of Physiologic Adaptations and Suggestions for Future Research