Moderate-intensity Exercise Group Research Articles

Aerobic exercise training engages the canonical wnt pathway to improve pulmonary function and inflammation in COPD

BackgroundWe studied whether the exercise improves cigarette smoke (CS) induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in mice through inhibition of inflammation mediated by Wnt/β-catenin-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ signaling.MethodsFirstly, we observed the effect of exercise on pulmonary inflammation, lung function, and Wnt/β-catenin-PPARγ. A total of 30 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the control group (CG), smoke group (SG), low-intensity exercise group (LEG), moderate-intensity exercise group (MEG), and high-intensity exercise group (HEG). All the groups, except for CG, underwent whole-body progressive exposure to CS for 25 weeks. Then, we assessed the maximal exercise capacity of mice from the LEG, MEG, and HEG, and performed an 8-week treadmill exercise intervention. Then, we used LiCl (Wnt/β-catenin agonist) and XAV939 (Wnt/β-catenin antagonist) to investigate whether Wnt/β-catenin-PPARγ pathway played a role in the improvement of COPD via exercise. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6 per group): CG, SG, LiCl group, LiCl and exercise group, XAV939 group, and XAV939 and exercise group. Mice except those in the CG were exposed to CS, and those in the exercise groups were subjected to moderate-intensity exercise training. All the mice were subjected to lung function test, lung histological assessment, and analysis of inflammatory markers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as detection of Wnt1, β-catenin and PPARγ proteins in the lung tissue.ResultsExercise of various intensities alleviated lung structural changes, pulmonary function and inflammation in COPD, with moderate-intensity exercise exhibiting significant and comprehensive effects on the alleviation of pulmonary inflammation and improvement of lung function. Low-, moderate-, and high-intensity exercise decreased β-catenin levels and increased those of PPARγ significantly, and only moderate-intensity exercise reduced the level of Wnt1 protein. Moderate-intensity exercise relieved the inflammation aggravated by Wnt agonist. Wnt antagonist combined with moderate-intensity exercise increased the levels of PPARγ, which may explain the highest improvement of pulmonary function observed in this group.ConclusionsExercise effectively decreases COPD pulmonary inflammation and improves pulmonary function. The beneficial role of exercise may be exerted through Wnt/β-catenin-PPARγ pathway.

An 8-Week study on the effects of high and Moderate-Intensity interval exercises on mitochondrial MOTS-C changes and their relation to metabolic markers in male diabetic sand rats

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a significant feature of type 2 diabetes. MOTS-C, a peptide derived from mitochondria, has positive effects on metabolism and exercise capacity. This study explored the impact of high and moderate-intensity interval exercises on mitochondrial MOTS-C alterations and their correlation with metabolic markers in male diabetic sand rats. Thirty male sand rats were divided into six groups: control, MIIT, DM + HIIT, DM + MIIT, DM, and HIIT (5 rats each). Diabetes was induced using a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ). The Wistar sand rats in exercise groups underwent 8 weeks of interval training of varying intensities. Post sample collection, protein expressions of PCG-1a, AMPK, and GLUT4 were assessed through Western blot analysis, while MOTS-C protein expression was determined using ELISA. Both exercise intensity and diabetes significantly affected the levels of PCG-1a, MOTS-C, GLUT4 proteins, and insulin resistance (p < 0.001). The combined effect of diabetes status and exercise intensity on these levels was also significant (p < 0.001). However, the diabetes effect varied when comparing high-intensity to moderate-intensity exercise. The moderate-intensity exercise group with diabetes showed higher levels of PCG-1a, MOTS-C, and GLUT4 proteins and reduced insulin resistance levels (p < 0.001). Exercise intensity (p = 0.022) and diabetes (p = 0.008) significantly influenced AMPK protein levels. The interplay between diabetes status and exercise intensity on AMPK protein levels was noteworthy, with the moderate-intensity diabetes group exhibiting higher AMPK levels than the high-intensity diabetes group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, exercise elevates the levels of PCG-1a, MOTS-C, GLUT4, and AMPK proteins, regulating insulin resistance in diabetic sand rats. Given the AMPK-MOTS-C mitochondrial pathway's mechanisms, interval exercises might enhance the metabolic rates and general health of diabetic rodents.

Effects of moderate-intensity combination exercise on increase adiponectin levels, muscle mass, and decrease fat mass in obese women

Obesity is reported to be strongly associated with low levels of adiponectin, which may be involved in metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cancer cell proliferation. Meanwhile, physical exercise has been reported to increase adiponectin levels and decrease insulin resistance in obese individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to prove the effects of four weeks of moderate-intensity combination exercise (aerobic and resistance) on increasing adiponectin levels, skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and decreasing fat mass (FM) in obese women. A total of 14 obese adolescent women aged 20-24 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 27.5-36.5 kg/m2 (based on Asia-Pacific BMI classification) were selected as research subjects and divided into two intervention groups: control (CON) and moderate-intensity combination exercise (MCE) groups. The ELISA kit method was used to analyze pre- and post-exercise adiponectin levels, while the mBCA 554 seca was used to measure BMI, FM, and SMM. Statistical analysis was performed using an independent samples t-test with a 5% significance level. The data showed ∆-BMI between CON and MCE (0.54±0.99 vs -1.31±0.19 kg/m2; p = 0.001), ∆-FM (1.56±3.89 vs -3.60±1.16 kg; p = 0.006), ∆-SMM (-0.85±1.91 vs 3.61±0.74 kg; p = 0.001), ∆-Adiponectin (0.55±2.39 vs 15.45±6.21 ng/mL; p = 0.001). The results demonstrate that a 4-week moderate-intensity combination exercise intervention effectively increases adiponectin levels and skeletal muscle mass and reduces body mass index and fat mass in obese women. Keywords: Obesity, combination exercise, adiponectin levels, body composition.

Effects of Exercise Intensity Differences in Forest Therapy Programs on Immunoglobulin A and Dehydroepiandrosterone Levels in Older Adults

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise intensity and the duration of an exercise-based forest therapy program on physiological changes in older adults. The forest therapy program consisted of 20 sessions over 10 weeks. Forty-one older adults aged 65 years and older were divided into no treatment (daily activity group) and experimental (forest therapy) groups. The experimental group was further divided into the medium-intensity forest exercise group and the high-intensity forest exercise group to analyze physiological changes according to exercise intensity and duration. The physiological changes were analyzed by collecting saliva and measuring changes in the levels of immunoglobulin A and dehydroepiandrosterone, a hormone used to predict aging. Changes within the daily activity group and the forest therapy group after their respective exercises were analyzed using paired t-tests. Saliva testing was performed before and in weeks 5 and 10 of the program and analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance to assess the effects of the forest therapy on the medium-intensity forest exercise group and the high-intensity forest exercise group based on the duration of exercise. As a result of the study, a significant increase in immunoglobulin A was observed in the medium-intensity forest exercise group. The daily activity group and the high-intensity forest exercise group showed an increase, but there was very little change and no significance. Changes in dehydroepiandrosterone decreased in the daily activity group and significantly increased in the moderate-intensity forest exercise group at 5 and 10 weeks, showing that regular moderate-intensity forest exercise has an effect on dehydroepiandrosterone. The high-intensity forest exercise group improved over time, but no significant level of change was observed. This study shows that forest exercise has a beneficial effect on immunoglobulin A and dehydroepiandrosterone levels in older adults.

The influence of baseline sleep on exercise‐induced cognitive change in older adults: A randomised clinical trial

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies consistently demonstrate that physical activity is associated with enhanced cognitive function and reduced risk for dementia. However, there remains significant heterogeneity in study findings regarding the effect of exercise interventions on cognitive function. Individual variation in sleep behaviours are hypothesized to be a source of this variability in the effectiveness of exercise to influence cognition, however this has not yet been investigated. Thus, the current study aimed to 1) investigate the influence of a 6‐month exercise intervention on sleep pre‐ and post‐intervention and 2) investigate whether baseline sleep measures moderate exercise‐induced cognitive changes.MethodWe utilised data from the Intense Physical Activity and Cognition (IPAC) study (n = 89), a 6‐month moderate intensity and high intensity exercise intervention, in cognitively normal community‐dwelling older adults aged 60‐80 years (68.76 ± 5.32). Exercise was supervised and completed on a stationary exercise bicycle, and cognitive function was measured using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery administered pre‐ and post‐intervention. Sleep was measured using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) to yield measures of sleep duration, efficiency, and sleep latency.ResultThere was no effect of the exercise intervention on any sleep outcomes from pre‐ to post‐intervention. There was a significant moderating effect of baseline sleep efficiency on both episodic memory and global cognition within the moderate intensity exercise group (β = ‐0.024, SE = 0.008, p = .004; β = ‐0.011, SE = 0.005, p = .036), such that those with poorer sleep efficiency at baseline showed greater exercise‐induced cognitive improvements.ConclusionThese results indicate that those with poorer sleep may have the greatest exercise‐induced cognitive benefits and that baseline sleep behaviours may be an important source of heterogeneity in previous exercise interventions targeting cognitive outcomes.

Feasibility and effect of high-intensity training on the progression of motor symptoms in adult individuals with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To determine the feasibility and effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in individuals with Parkinson's and their effect on symptom modification and progression. We conducted this systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). All studies were searched in seven databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Virtual Health Library (VHL) and SCOPUS in September 2020 and updated in June 2023. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. We used standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and random effects models, as well as the non-parametric Cochran's Q test and I2 inconsistency test to assess heterogeneity. A total of 15 randomized clinical trials with 654 participants (mean age, 65.4 years). The majority of studies included high intensity training interventions versus moderate intensity, usual care, or control group. The meta-analysis comparing high-intensity exercise versus control group showed an improvement in the disease severity (MD = -4.80 [95%CI, -6.38; -3.21 high evidence certainty); maximum oxygen consumption (MD = 1.81 [95%CI, 0.36; 3.27] very low evidence certainty) and quality of life (MD = -0.54 [95%CI, -0.94; -0.13] moderate evidence certainty). The results showed that high-intensity exercise compared with moderate intensity exercise group showed a improve motor function and functional mobility measured by the TUG test (MD = -0.38 [95%CI, -0.91; 0.16] moderate evidence certainty) with moderate heterogeneity between studies. High-intensity exercise performed in both continuous and interval modes when compared with control groups may provide motor function benefits for individuals with Parkinson's disease. HIIT may be feasible, but the intensity of the exercise may influence individuals with Parkinson's disease. However, there was a lack of evidence comparing high intensity and moderate intensity for this population, as the results showed heterogeneity.

The effect of moderate and low-intensity aerobic exercise on lowering blood sugar

Problems and Purpose. The global prevalence of diabetes is on the rise, alongside other diseases related to obesity, including hypertension, heart disease and dyslipidemia. Exercise is recognized as a method to control blood sugar levels. This study aimed to investigate the impact of low and moderate-intensity sports exercises on blood sugar levels in patients. Materials and Methods. This research was a laboratory experiment following a completely randomized design. Twenty participants were enlisted for the study and divided into two groups: a control group and a moderate-intensity exercise group. The study spanned two months. Results. The results revealed a significant change in the blood sugar levels of patients who underwent low and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with a p-value of 0.001. Conclusion. This research concludes that there are notable differences in the impact of low and moderate-intensity aerobic exercises on body mass index and blood sugar levels in diabetes patients.

The effect of 4 week-long swimming exercise intervention on increased serotonin levels in male mice (Mus musculus)

Abstract Being overweight can be caused by an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure over a long period, and the brain plays an important role in controlling overeating responses. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in regulating food intake and weight. Being overweight is associated with decreased serotonin levels. Decreased serotonin levels have an impact on increased health disorders and depression. The study aimed to analyse the effect of 4 week-long swimming exercise intervention on increased serotonin levels in male mice (Mus musculus). A total of 18 male mice (20-40 g), aged eight weeks with (Lee index (LI) ≥0.3) randomly assigned to three groups: COG (n = 6; control group without intervention), MEG (n = 6; moderate-intensity morning exercise group), and AEG (n = 6; moderate-intensity afternoon exercise group). Morning and afternoon exercise was carried out with a load of 5% of the total body weight of mice. Four weeks of exercise with a frequency of three times a week and were performed for 70% of the maximum duration per session. Blood collection was done 2 × 24 h after the last intervention. Measurement of serum serotonin levels using ELISA. Data analysis techniques using the one-way ANOVA test with SPSS version 17 software. The average levels of serum serotonin of COG were (56.29 ± 3.59 ng/ml), MEG (86.21 ± 18.44 ng/ml), AEG (82.73 ± 25.15 ng/ml), and (). The results of this study show that moderate-intensity exercises in the morning and afternoon increase serum serotonin levels in male mice. Therefore, moderate-intensity morning and afternoon swimming exercises can be used in controlling and inhibiting the over-eating response mediated by the serotonin.

Effects of Different Intensity Exercises On Bone Structure of Young Male Wistar Rats

Many adolescents have insufficient physical activity. Regular physical activity from young age can improve health and fitness. Getting regular exercise and eating healthy diet should be encouraged among kids and teenagers to prevent various diseases in adulthood and old age, such as osteoporosis and fractures. When exercising, a prescription is needed that is tailored to each individual abilities. The intensity of exercise will be different for each individual in accordance with their age, physiological function, genetics, economic status, and previous comorbid diseases. There is no standardised exercise prescription proven to increase bone mineral density in adolescents. Based on the above description, a study was conducted on the provision of different intensity exercise and its effect on bone morphology and density. In this study, male Wistar rats, aged 15–16 weeks (body weight ± 250-350 grams; n = 20), were split into 4 groups, namely control group, low intensity exercise group, moderate intensity exercise group, and high intensity exercise group. All groups were receiving intervention for 8 weeks. Then, the rats were sacrificed and the femoral bones were isolated. Femur weight and femur length was checked. Bone density was examined using X-Ray and calculated by statistical tests. Research was conducted in the Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran. There were significant differences of femur weight between high intensity exercise group and control and low intensity exercise groups (p 0.05). Moderate and high intensity exercises significantly increased femur length as opposed to control and low intensity exercise groups (p 0.05). Bone density was higher in moderate and high intensity exercise groups (p 0.05). Moderate to high intensity exercise can increase bone health, seen from significances of bone morphology analysis and a higher density compared to low intensity exercise.

Effect of a 24-Week Concurrent Exercise Intervention on Neck Adiposity and Its Distribution in Young Adults: The ACTIBATE Randomized Controlled Trial.

Neck adipose tissue (NAT) accumulation and neck circumference are independent predictors of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and low-grade chronic inflammation in young adults. The present study examines whether a 24-week concurrent exercise intervention can reduce NAT volume and neck circumference in young adults, and whether any changes in these variables are related to changes in body composition, CMR, and the inflammatory profile. Seventy-four participants (51 women, age 22 ± 2years) were included in the main analyses, after being randomly assigned to either a (a)control (n = 34), (b)moderate-intensity exercise (n = 19), or (c)vigorous-intensity exercise (n = 21) group. Participants in the exercise groups trained 3-4days/week (endurance + resistance exercise training). NAT volume and NAT distribution across different depots were estimated using computed tomography before and after the intervention. Anthropometric variables, body composition (determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and CMR/inflammatory markers were also recorded. The exercise intervention did not reduce the total NAT volume, nor was NAT distribution affected (p > .05). However, it did reduce neck circumference in the vigorous-intensity exercise group compared with the moderate-intensity exercise and control groups (by 0.8 and 1cm, respectively, p ≤ .05). Changes in total NAT and neck circumference were positively, albeit weakly, related (adj. R2: .05-.21, all p ≤ .05) to changes in body weight and adiposity, leptin (only total NAT), and CMR (only neck circumference). Altogether 24weeks of concurrent exercise does not appear to reduce NAT accumulation in young adults, but may slightly reduce neck circumference in those who partake in vigorous exercise.

Correlation between high sensitivity C reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and neutrophil-to- lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with functional capacity in post COVID-19 syndrome patients.

Post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome is one of the causes of reduced functional capacity and work productivity, in particular for healthcare workers. The pathophysiology of the post COVID-19 syndrome is related to complex and multisystem inflammatory mechanisms, and cardiopulmonary exercise rehabilitation program is one of the efforts to improve the recovery process for patients with post COVID-19 syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the level of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with functional capacity (VO2max) in individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome who received moderate- and high-intensity supervised cardiopulmonary exercise. A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Integrated Cardiac Rehabilitation Center of Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The supervised cardiopulmonary exercise was conducted for six weeks according to the participant's baseline VO2max. Spearman's and Pearson's correlation tests were used to assess the correlations. A total of 30 individuals (19 and 11 had moderate and high intensity exercise, respectively) were involved in this study. At moderate intensity exercise, the average Hs-CRP and NLR were 3.3 mg/L and 1.99, respectively; while at high intensity, the values were 3.8 mg/L and 1.79, respectively. No significant correlation between Hs-CRP level and functional capacity in both moderate-intensity and high intensity groups. In contrast, NLR was negatively correlated with functional capacity (r=-0.545, p=0.016) in moderate intensity exercise group. In conclusion, NLR value was negatively correlated with functional capacity in individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome after receiving moderate intensity supervised cardiopulmonary exercise program. Therefore, moderate intensity of cardiopulmonary exercise maybe be used as a program to accelerate the recovery for those with post COVID-19 syndrome.

Neuroprotective Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training through Neuroplastic Changes in a Restraint Stress-Induced Depression Model

This study aimed to analyze the neuroprotective effects of various exercise intensities in a mouse model of depressive behavior disorders. Seven-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into a control group, depressive disorder group (RST), moderate-intensity sustained exercise group (RST_MICT), high-intensity sustained exercise group (RST_HICT), and high-intensity interval exercise group (RST_HIIT). The animal model was established by applying restraint stress (RST) at 2 h/day for 14 days. Behavioral function was better in all exercise groups, especially in the RST_HIIT group, than in the RST group. Factors related to brain-derived neurotrophic factor showed higher levels in the exercise groups than in the RST group. The levels of 4-hydroxynonenal, an oxidative stress index, were significantly lower in the exercise groups than in the RST group. Malondialdehyde levels were lower in the exercise groups than in the RST group, but the difference was not significant. The analysis of serotonin and corticosterone, indicators of depression, revealed positive results in the exercise groups. The neuroplasticity-related variables c-fos and glial fibrillary acidic protein were more positive in the RST_HIIT group than in the RST group. Thus, HIIT improved neuroplasticity, oxidative stress, and neurotrophic factors in the depressive disorder model, indicating its potential for preventing and treating depression.

Effects of exercise intensity on spatial memory performance and hippocampal synaptic function in SAMP8 mice

Learning and memory impairment is commonly noted in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is regarded as a progressive synaptic failure disease. Exercise is a nonpharmacological strategy that may help prevent cognitive decline and reduce the risk of AD, which is usually thought to be related to synaptic damage in the hippocampus. However, the effects of exercise intensity on hippocampal memory and synaptic function in AD remain unclear. In this study, senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) mice were randomly assigned to the control group (Con), low-intensity exercise group (Low), and moderate-intensity exercise group (Mid). Here, we showed that eight weeks of treadmill exercise beginning in four-month-old mice improved spatial memory and recognition memory in six-month-old SAMP8 mice, while the Con group exhibited impaired spatial memory and recognition memory. Treadmill exercise also improved hippocampal neuron morphology in SAMP8 mice. Furthermore, dendritic spine density and the levels of postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD95) and Synaptophysin (SYN) increased significantly in the Low and Mid groups as compared with the Con group. We further showed that moderate-intensity exercise (60 % of maximum speed) was more efficacious in increasing dendritic spine density、PSD95 and SYN, than low-intensity exercise (40 % of maximum speed). In conclusion, the positive effect of treadmill exercise is closely related to exercise intensity, with moderate-intensity exercise showing the most optimal effects.

The Effects of Aerobic Sports on Fatigue and Vital Sign in Sportsman

The lactic acid buildup has long been suspected as a cause of muscle fatigue. Lactate is a waste of anaerobic metabolism; this process takes place in the absence of oxygen. Blood pressure, pulse, and respiration are vital signs to monitor adaptation to fatigue levels. This study aims to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on the level of fatigue and vital signs in athletes. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a non-random re-experimental design. Lactic acid levels and vital signs were assessed before and after the exercise program in 3 groups, namely the light-intensity exercise treatment group, the moderate-intensity exercise group, and the control group. The research site is at the Harapan Bangsa football stadium in Banda Aceh. The subject of PPLP Dispora Aceh athletes. The exercise was carried out for four weeks. The average lactic acid levels of the three groups showed differences. A significant decrease in lactic acid after the training test was seen in the group with OAIS (p = 0.04). Exercise with the right intensity, duration, and frequency can reduce lactic acid levels and vital signs. This study shows that moderate-intensity exercise can affect reducing lactic acid levels and vital signs so that it can slow down fatigue during exercise in Aceh football athletes. Keywords: Light and Moderate Intensity Exercise, Lactic Acid, Vital Signs.

Exercise induced meteorin-like protects chondrocytes against inflammation and pyroptosis in osteoarthritis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling

The production of metrnl, a novel adipomyokine, is induced upon exercise in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antipyroptotic effects of exercise-induced metrnl producted in rats in vitro and in vivo. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups: control (CG), osteoarthritis (OA) with sedentary lifestyle (OAG), OA with low intensity exercise (OAL), OA with moderate intensity exercise (OAM), and OA with high intensity exercise (OAH). The correlation between the level of metrnl and OA degree was detected using ELISA, X-ray imaging, histology, and immunohistochemistry in vivo. Primary chondrocytes were preincubated with recombinant metrnl before interleukin-1β administration to verify the anti-inflammatory and antipyroptotic effects of metrnl. Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR were used to evaluate the differences in protein and mRNA expression between groups, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and flow cytometry were used to evaluate morphological changes and pyroptosis in chondrocytes. In the moderate-intensity treadmill exercise group, the severity of OA showed maximum relief and the metrnl levels had the most significant increase. Metrnl exerted its anti-inflammatory effect through the suppression of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway in IL-1β-induced OA chondrocytes, which was accompanied with the recovery of collagen II expression and the attenuation of MMP13 and ADAMTS5. Moreover, metrnl ameliorated chondrocyte pyroptosis by inhibiting the activation of the nod-like receptor protein-3/caspase-1/gasdermin D cascade. In conclusion, moderate-intensity exercise improves inflammation and pyroptosis by increasing metrnl release, which inhibits the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and further NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathways.

Moderate-intensity Exercise Decreases Cortisol Response in Overweight Adolescent Women

The study purpose was to demonstrate the effect of moderate-intensity exercise on reducing cortisol levels in overweight adolescent women.&#x0D; Materials and methods. This study is an actual trial study with a pre-test randomized control group design involving 20 overweight adolescent women aged 19–22 as research subjects who were randomly divided into two groups, namely CNG (n = 10, control group) and EXG (n = 10, moderate-intensity exercise group). The moderate-intensity exercise intervention was performed for 40 minutes on a treadmill. Cortisol levels were measured using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Data analysis technique used t-test of independent samples and correlation test using Pearson's correlation coefficient with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.&#x0D; Results. Cortisol levels were obtained as a result of the best means between CNG and EXG (222.57 ± 56.04 vs 225.56 ± 63.96 ng/mL, (p ≥ 0.05)), post-test cortisol levels between CNG and EXG (238, 27 ± 77.94 vs 118.13 ± 12.90 ng/mL, (p ≤ 0.001)) and cortisol Δ between CNG vs EXG (15.71 ± 13.14 vs -107.43 ± 21, 13 ng/mL, (p ≤ 0.001)). Cortisol levels also showed a positive relationship with markers of overweight (p ≤ 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusions. Based on the study results, it was concluded that the cortisol response decreased after moderate-intensity exercise and found a positive relationship between cortisol levels and markers of overweight. These results could be used as a long-term approach to modifying an active lifestyle to reduce stress levels.

Effect of moderate continuous aerobic training versus cryolipolysis on stress hormone and aerobic capacity in central obesity

Purpose. This is the first comparative study aimed to find out the effect of moderate continuous aerobic exercise versus the widely popular body reshaping intervention, cryolipolysis, on cortisol (stress hormone), aerobic capacity (VO2max), 6-minute walking test (6MWT) in central-obesity (CO) patients. Methods. Sixty CO patients (30 men and 30 women) were recruited from El Zawia El Hamra One Day Surgery Egyptian Hospital with a body mass index (BMI) ranged from 35–39.9 kg/m2 to be randomly assigned to the aerobic continuous moderate-intensity exercise group (thirty patients who received 30 minutes of treadmill walking, 3 sessions per week) and cryolipolysis group (thirty patients received on-abdomen one session for 60 minutes weekly). Both groups were ordered to reduce their daily diets to 1500–1800 Kcal/day (the diet was revised by a diet specialist every 14 days to consider the inclusion of fat (20–25%), carbohydrate (high complex, 50–60%), and protein components (25–30%). Anthropometry (weight, BMI, and waist circumference), plasma cortisol, VO2max, and 6MWD were assessed before and after 12-week cryolipolysis and exercise. Results. A significantly improved difference was extracted using paired tests either within-exercise or with-cryolipolysis groups regarding the patients' weight, BMI, cortisol, VO2max, and 6MWT. In favor of the exercise group, the post-treatment comparison between exercise and cryolipolysis groups showed a more marked significant statistical difference (p &lt; 0.05) regarding the patients' weight, BMI, VO2max, and 6MWD. In favor of the cryolipolysis group, post-treatment waist circumference showed a more marked significant decrease when compared to its post-treatment level of the exercise group. Regarding post cortisol levels between exercise and cryolipolysis groups, a non-significant difference was reported. Conclusion: After the addition of aerobic exercise or cryolipolysis to a 12-week supervised DR plan, both therapeutic interventions can improve central fat deposition, weight, cortisol, VO2max, and 6MWT in CO patients.

No evidence of brown adipose tissue activation after 24 weeks of supervised exercise training in young sedentary adults in the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial

Exercise modulates both brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning in murine models. Whether this is true in humans, however, has remained unknown. An unblinded randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02365129) was therefore conducted to study the effects of a 24-week supervised exercise intervention, combining endurance and resistance training, on BAT volume and activity (primary outcome). The study was carried out in the Sport and Health University Research Institute and the Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital of the University of Granada (Spain). One hundred and forty-five young sedentary adults were assigned to either (i) a control group (no exercise, n = 54), (ii) a moderate intensity exercise group (MOD-EX, n = 48), or (iii) a vigorous intensity exercise group (VIG-EX n = 43) by unrestricted randomization. No relevant adverse events were recorded. 97 participants (34 men, 63 women) were included in the final analysis (Control; n = 35, MOD-EX; n = 31, and VIG-EX; n = 31). We observed no changes in BAT volume (Δ Control: −22.2 ± 52.6 ml; Δ MOD-EX: −15.5 ± 62.1 ml, Δ VIG-EX: −6.8 ± 66.4 ml; P = 0.771) or 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake (SUVpeak Δ Control: −2.6 ± 3.1 ml; Δ MOD-EX: −1.2 ± 4.8, Δ VIG-EX: −2.2 ± 5.1; p = 0.476) in either the control or the exercise groups. Thus, we did not find any evidence of an exercise-induced change on BAT volume or activity in young sedentary adults.

The effects of aerobic exercise on body composition in overweight and obese patients with gout: a randomized, open-labeled, controlled trial

BackgroundOverweight and obesity are typical risk factors for the increased prevalence and incidence of gout. The existing guidelines unequivocally indicated that exercise is highly advantageous for patients with gout. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of specific guidance and clinical evidence. The effects of exercise on improving gout, and the optimal frequency, timing, and types of exercise have not been fully clarified. The present trial aims to determine the effects of a specific aerobic exercise program on body composition in overweight and obese patients with gout.MethodsIn this randomized, open-labeled, controlled trial, a total of 60 overweight and obese patients with gout [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m2; age,18–55 years old] are equally randomized (1:1) into two groups (n = 30): moderate-intensity aerobic exercise group (MIAEG), heart rate reserve (HRR) = [(HRmax-HRrest) × 60% intensity] + HRrest, and control group (CG). The moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training program will be conducted for 30–40 min/session and 3 days/week for 12 weeks. Participants in the CG will be asked to avoid making changes in their exercise habits. There will be no limitation in the type of exercise. The primary outcome is the number of patients whose body fat is reduced after 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes include the changes in BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), insulin resistance index (IRI), serum uric acid (sUA), serum creatinine (SCr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hepatic steatosis, and adverse effects after 12 weeks. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be used to compare the mean values of normally distributed variables between MIAEG and GC.DiscussionThe effect and optimal frequency of exercise for improving the status of overweight and obese patients with gout have not yet been determined. We design a 12-week randomized controlled trial and evaluate the effects of individualized aerobic exercise program on patients with gout. The results may assist such patients with a personalized scientific exercise program based on the disease status and motor abilities, so that patients are prone to exercise under the condition of low risk and achieve the greatest benefits.Trial registrationChiCTR2200062153. Registered on July 25, 2022, with ChiCTR. http://www.chictr.org.cn/

The Effect of Exercise Intensity on Affective and Repetition Priming in Middle-Aged Adults.

Previous research has shown that physical exercise improves memory. In the present study, we investigated the possible effects of the intensity of physical exercise as a function of the affective valence of words on implicit memory. In the study, 79 young adult volunteers were randomly assigned to perform moderate- (50% VO2max) or high-intensity exercise (80% VO2max) on a stationary bike. Once the required exercise intensity was achieved, participants performed an affective and repetition priming task concurrently with the physical exercise. Both groups showed similar repetition priming. The moderate-intensity exercise group showed affective priming with positive words, while affective priming was not found in the high-intensity exercise group. Facilitation occurred in both groups when a negative target word was preceded by a positive prime word. Our results suggest that the positive effect of physical exercise on memory is modulated by the affective valence of the stimuli. It seems that moderate-intensity exercise is more beneficial for implicit memory than high-intensity exercise.