Heating Mode Research Articles

Chlorite chemical refinement during giant quartz vein formation

Abstract The major elemental composition of chlorite is widely used for petrogenetic investigations on low-temperature geological processes. However, compositional variations of chlorite within a given tectonic environment are common and, when overlooked, can lead to erroneous petrological interpretations. We thoroughly investigate chlorites occurring within giant quartz veins (GQVs) in the basement rocks of the Pyrenees. These structures have widths of up to tens of meters and lengths of kilometers and form in both mid-crustal ductile and upper-crustal seismogenic domains. Texturally constrained chlorite analyses and spatially resolved whole-rock elemental analyses reveal a progressive chemical evolution of chlorite coupled to GQV formation. Six chlorite generations that were distinguished according to their texture show consistent chemical variations at the microscale. Host rock– and quartz vein–related chlorites are the textural and compositional endmembers. Between them, a progressive chemical refinement occurred in transitional chlorite compositions linked to host rock, vein quartz, and pressure-solution microstructures, in accordance with significant fluid-rock interactions leading to GQV formation. This rock alteration process is further confirmed at the macroscale by the progressive depletion of all major and trace elements but silica, with decreasing distance toward GQVs. We demonstrate that (1) inferring the temperature conditions of chlorite crystallization is not as straightforward as generally assumed and that (2) GQVs can be formed under rock-buffered conditions, at lower temperatures than previously thought. These results have implications for the practice commonly used in chlorite-based geothermometry, as well as for the modes of fluid, heat, and mass transport within Earth’s crust.

Numerical design of an efficient Ho3+-doped InF3 fiber laser at ∼3.2 ​μm

In this work, we theoretically unlock the potential of Ho3+-doped InF3 fiber for efficient ∼3.2 ​μm laser generation (from the 5F4,5S2→5F5 transition), by employing a novel dual-wavelength pumping scheme at 1150 ​nm and 980 ​nm, for the first time. Under clad-coupled 1150 ​nm pumping of 5 ​W, ∼3.2 ​μm power of 3.6 ​W has been predicted with the optical-to-optical efficiency of 14.4%. Further efficient power scaling, however, is blocked by the output saturation with 980 ​nm pumping. To alleviate this behavior, the cascaded 5I5→5I6 transition, targeting ∼3.9 ​μm, has been activated simultaneously, therefore accelerating the population circulation between the laser upper level 5F4,5S2 and long-lived 5I6 level under 980 ​nm pumping. As a result, enhanced ∼3.2 ​μm power of 4.68 ​W has been obtained with optical-to-optical efficiency of 15.6%. Meanwhile the ∼3.9 ​μm laser, yielding power of 2.76 ​W with optical-to-optical efficiency of 9.2%, is theoretically achievable as well with a moderate heat load, of which the performance is even better than the prior experimentally and theoretically reported Ho3+-doped InF3 fiber lasers emitting at ∼3.9 ​μm alone. This work demonstrates a versatile platform for laser generation at ∼3.2 ​μm and ∼3.9 ​μm, thus providing the new opportunities for many potential applications, e.g., polymer processing, infrared countermeasures, and free-space communications.

Citrullus colocynthis regulates photosynthetic and biochemical processes to develop stress resilience and sustain growth under sub-optimal temperatures

Sub-optimal temperatures posed significant challenges to leaf photosynthesis and plant growth. This study examined the eco-physiological adaptations of a desert vine (Citrullus colocynthis) to unfavorable temperatures (15/25 °C, 25/35 °C, and 35/45 °C) over 35 days. Plants grown in moderate temperatures increased shoot number and leaf canopy (55 %), chlorophyll a (2.5 folds), and carotenoid accumulation compared to other treatments. Conversely, high-temperature stress resulted in longer shoot development with fewer primary branches, while low temperatures constrained both shoot and leaf growth. Plants treated with high heat exposure produced more oxidative stress markers (MDA and H2O2, by two folds), causing greater cellular damage while attaining lesser growth. During the high-temperature episode, plants increased their antioxidant enzyme activities and proline (2.5-fold) levels to protect the tissues from oxidative damage. Plants treated with either moderate or higher heat stress increased the potential quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and maximum quantum yield ФPSII in the young leaves, which indicated the constitutive plant adaptation to unfavorable temperatures. Additionally, photosynthetic efficiency differed with leaf age and temperature; mature leaves performed better physiologically at low temperatures, whereas young leaves adapted better at high temperatures stress. The results suggested that C. colocynthis plants were highly adaptable to unfavorable temperatures by regulating the plants’ thermal homeostatic ability through their photosynthetic and biochemical processes. This study provided deeper insights into species-specific eco-physiological responses to sub-optimal temperatures and contributed to our broader understanding of plant resilience and ecological adaptability in the era of global climate change.

Thermal bioclimate in Greece based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and insights into 2021 and 2023 heatwaves

The research on the thermal bioclimate is increasingly valuable in the context of climate change. Human well-being is threatened not only from direct exposure to extreme thermal conditions and complications from underlying health issues but also from disruptions of health and social services. This study aims at examining the thermal bioclimate in Greece. Data of ERA5-Land reanalysis dataset were used to estimate the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI, in °C). The analysis covered a 30-year period (1991–2020) examining UTCI climatology and trends. Additionally, the intensity of two recent heatwaves which occurred in summers 2021 and 2023 was assessed. During the period 1991–2020, the UTCI equivalent temperature ranges between -49.8 °C and 51.9 °C [mean ± standard deviation (sd) = 13.3 ± 12.2 °C] classifying thermal stress from ‘extreme cold stress’ to ‘extreme heat stress’. Across the country, the mean UTCI ranges from 7.5 °C to 17.8 °C (mean ± sd = 13.3 ± 2.1 °C), with a decrease of 0.5 °C per latitude degree. Mountainous regions exhibit the lowest UTCI equivalent temperatures, while inland plains display higher UTCI equivalent temperatures, especially in the eastern regions of the country. An increasing trend in mean annual UTCI (mean = 0.05 °C/year) is identified, more pronounced in higher latitude regions. Both the 2021 and 2023 heatwaves were exceptionally severe, with about 99% of the population to experience mean UTCI equivalent temperatures falling within stress categories of ‘moderate heat stress’ and above. The 2023 heatwave set a new record with the highest absolute maximum UTCI (52.1 °C) and number of heat stress hours compared to the period 1991–2020. The bioclimatic maps developed in this study analyze the spatial variability in the thermal conditions across Greece identifying high-risk areas. These findings can contribute to impact studies for tourism, energy efficiency, urban design and public health purposes.

Biomass phytate salt-based flame-retardant polyurethane coating for outdoor polyester fabric: A long-lasting solution

Polyurethane (PU)-coated polyester fabrics are commonly used in outdoor settings, but their flame-retardant properties are somewhat lacking. In this study, biomass phytate salt was applied to improve the flame retardancy and anti-dripping properties of PU-coated polyester fabrics. This study also explored the hydrostatic pressure, mechanical performance, heat release capacity, flame retardancy, washing durability, and mode of action of coated polyester fabrics. The polyester fabric coated with 4 % phytate salt-modified PU exhibited impressive self-extinguishing properties without any dripping. Additionally, the coated polyester fabric showed a low damaged length of 12.2 cm and a high LOI of 33.8 %, satisfying the requirements for the B1 level. The coated polyester fabric proved to withstand 50 washing cycles, highlighting its remarkable flame retardancy efficiency and durability. It also exhibited a significant reduction in heat release, suggesting the fire safety performance. Analysis of the thermal resistance and char residue revealed a condensed flame-retardant mechanism attributed to the phytate-based system. Overall, phytate salt shows promising potential as a long-lasting flame-retardant system for outdoor PU-coated polyester fabrics.

Intraspecific variation in responses to extreme and moderate temperature stress in the wild species, Solanum carolinense (Solanaceae).

Adaptation or acclimation to local temperature regimes has often been used as a proxy for predicting how plant populations will respond to impending novel conditions driven by human-caused climate change. To understand how plants may successfully respond to increasing air temperatures (extreme and moderate) in the future, we explored how temperature tolerance traits differ in populations of Solanum carolinense from northern (MN) and southern (TX) regions of the continental USA in a two-experiment study. In the first experiment, we compared the heat and cold tolerance in vegetative (sporophyte) and reproductive (male gametophyte) traits. In the second experiment, we studied if long-term heat influences plant development by examining how development in moderate heat affected reproductive structures and reproductive success. We found that temperature sensitivity differed between southern populations, which regularly experience extreme heat, and northern populations which do not. In contrast to our expectations, northern populations appeared more heat-tolerant than southern populations for vegetative traits such as chlorophyll stability and reproductive traits such as pollen germination. Our results are consistent with a heat-avoidance, rather than tolerance mechanism to mitigate extreme heat during pollen germination. In the second experiment, plants developing under the moderate heat treatment had significantly smaller reproductive structures and reduced seed production (27% fewer seeds on average than in the control treatment). Reproductive structures that developed in moderate heat were also reduced in size, particularly in the northern populations relative to populations from the south. We conclude that rising temperatures have the potential to incur substantial negative consequences for the reproductive success of individuals in this species and that some populations already mitigate stressful temperature conditions through phenotypic plasticity.

Experimental Study of a Novel Helix-Shaped Oscillating Heat Pipe and Design Parameters for Flow Stabilization

Abstract Abstract A novel helix-shaped oscillating heat pipe (OHP) designed for enhanced heat transfer in thermal management and heat recovery was studied experimentally. Two orientations were explored: side-heated, the intended orientation in which improved fluid circulation is expected, and bottom-heated, a control resembling traditional bottom-heated OHPs. Results showed stronger circulation, reduced temperature differences, and lower start-up thresholds in most side-heated cases. This orientation achieved higher maximum heat loads at a fill ratio of 0.5, although the maximum heat load decreased at a fill ratio of 0.7. Notably, the experimental OHP attained an effective thermal conductivity over 9,000 W m-K-1 in multiple tests and a maximum heat transport of 676 W. Additional parameters were explored including heat load, fill ratio, condenser temperature, and the presence of noncondensable gases (NCGs). NCGs increased the temperature drop as expected, but also raised the maximum heat transport, indicating potential benefits in certain applications. Elevated condenser temperatures decreased temperature drops, but also reduced maximum heat transport. A previously developed OHP performance model was expanded to evaluate the novel helix-shaped OHP. The model reasonably predicted temperature drops during degassed experiments under moderate heat loads. However, most data points fell outside the model's scope, emphasizing the need to extend it to handle condenser bubble collapse. The expanded analytical models for side-heated helix OHPs highlighted restrictions on circulation that differed from traditional, bottom-heated OHPs, which explains the superior performance of the novel design.

Neural network for predicting operating modes and calculating energy characteristics of steam turbine plants

The article describes the results of work on the creation of neural networks calculating the technical and economic parameters of all possible modes of operation of a thermal turbine unit with a steam turbine of type PT-60-130/13. In accordance with the objectives set, recommendations for the preparation of training data samples are formulated. The input and output parameters of the condensing and heating modes of operation of the steam turbine are determined. The results of research on determining the most optimal architecture of neural networks for calculating the energy characteristics of steam turbine plants of the heating type are presented. The results of calculations of the mean squared errors of neural network predictions from the results of calculations performed using a verified object-oriented model of a PT-60-130/13 turbine unit are tabulated.Graphs of the dependence of the specific heat consumption for the generation of electrical energy on the power of a PT-60-130/13 turbine unit for condensation and heating modes of operation using neural networks are plotted. The conclusion is formulated about the possibility of using neural networks for the development of energy characteristics and regulatory documentation on fuel use of equipment of thermal power plants.

Private vs. public emergency visits for mental health due to heat: An indirect socioeconomic assessment of heat vulnerability and healthcare access, in Curitiba, Brazil

Few studies have explored the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on the heat vulnerability of mental health (MH) patients. As individual socioeconomic data was unavailable, we aimed to fill this gap by using the healthcare system type as a proxy for SES. Brazilian national statistics indicate that public patients have lower SES than private. Therefore, we compared the risk of emergency department visits (EDVs) for MH between patients from both healthcare types. EDVs for MH disorders from all nine public (101,452 visits) and one large private facility (154,954) in Curitiba were assessed (2017–2021). Daily mean temperature was gathered and weighed from 3 stations. Distributed-lag non-linear model with quasi-Poisson (maximum 10-lags) was used to assess the risk. We stratified by private and public, age, and gender under moderate and extreme heat. Additionally, we calculated the attributable fraction (AF), which translates individual risks into population-representative burdens – especially useful for public policies. Random-effects meta-regression pooled the risk estimates between healthcare systems. Public patients showed significant risks immediately as temperatures started to increase. Their cumulative relative risk (RR) of MH-EDV was 7.5 % higher than the private patients (Q-Test 26.2 %) under moderate heat, suggesting their particular heat vulnerability. Differently, private patients showed significant risks only under extreme heat, when their RR became 4.3 % higher than public (Q-Test 6.2 %). These findings suggest that private patients have a relatively greater adaptation capacity to heat. However, when faced with extreme heat, their current adaptation means were potentially insufficient, so they needed and could access healthcare freely, unlike their public counterparts. MH patients would benefit from measures to reduce heat vulnerability and access barriers, increasing equity between the healthcare systems in Brazil. AF of EDVs due to extreme heat was 0.33 % (95%CI 0.16;0.50) for the total sample (859 EDVs). This corroborates that such broad population-level policies are urgently needed as climate change progresses.

Optimization of laser-induced graphene membrane for simultaneous photo- and electro-thermal membrane distillation

To optimize the Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) Janus membrane, this study investigated the effects of membrane pore structure, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating sequence and addition of silver (Ag) nanoparticles on membrane distillation (MD) performance. This study aimed to enhance the photothermal characteristics of graphene while using the intrinsic electrical conductivity for simultaneous photo- and electrothermal MD. Operating at the same photo- and electro-thermal power input, the LIG Janus membrane made by treating the membrane face with smaller pores (i.e., shiny side) gave an improved flux performance of up to 53.6% and a decrease in specific energy of 35.4% compared to that by treating the membrane face with larger pores (i.e., dull side). The effect of the PDMS coating sequence also depended on the pore structure. For the face with smaller pore structures, coating PDMS before laser irradiation (PDMS-BLSS) gave a flux improvement of up to 24.5% and a decrease in specific energy of 19.7%, compared to coating PDMS after laser irradiation (PDMS-ALSS). As for the face with larger pore structures, coating PDMS before laser irradiation (PDMS-BLDS) resulted in a flux reduction of up to 20.8% and an increase in specific energy of 27.1%, compared to coating PDMS after irradiation (PDMS-ALDS). The LIG Janus membranes embedded with Ag nanoparticles led to improved photothermal heating properties, improving flux by 43.1–65.8% and decreasing specific energy by 15.2–30.5% while maintaining similar electrothermal heating properties. Carrying out simultaneous photo- and electro-thermal MD indicates that only the Ag-doped Janus LIG membrane gave a synergistic effect whereby the flux of the combined heating mode was higher than the summation of the fluxes obtained when operating in the individual heating modes.

Case study in machine learning for predicting moderate pressure plasma behavior

Modeling and forecasting the dynamics of complex systems, such as moderate pressure capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) systems, remains a challenge due to the interactions of physical and chemical processes across multiple scales. Historically, optimization for a given application would be accomplished via a design of experiment (DOE) study across the various external control parameters. Machine learning (ML) techniques show the potential to “forecast” process conditions not tested in a traditional DOE study and thereby allow better optimization and control of a plasma tool. In this article, we have used standard DOE as well as ML predictions to analyze I-V data in a moderate-pressure CCP system. We have demonstrated that supervised regression ML techniques can be a useful tool for extrapolating data even when a plasma system is undergoing a transition in the heating mode, in this case from the alpha to gamma mode. Classification analysis of control parameters is another possible application of ML techniques that can be deployed for system control. Here, we show that given a large set of measured data, the models can identify the gas ratio in the feed gas as well as correctly identify the operating pressure and electrode gap in almost all the cases.

Heating performance of a vapor compression heat pump cascaded with a thermoelectric heat pump

Air source heat pumps (ASHPs) are widely utilized for heating and cooling in residential buildings; however, their effectiveness in heating mode is compromised during extreme weather conditions. Extensive research endeavors have been undertaken to develop, test, and assess a cost-effective vapor compression ASHP suitable for cold climate regions. This study takes an innovative approach by developing component and system prototypes for a cold climate heat pump. This design combines a thermoelectric heat pump (TEHP) with a traditional residential split ASHP to augment heating capacity in low ambient temperature conditions. The component and system prototypes underwent experimental testing in the psychrometric chambers. The experimental findings revealed a 13.6 % to 13.7 % increase in total heat pump heating capacity, accompanied by a 3.1 % to 5.0 % decrease in the coefficient of performance (COP) at ambient temperatures of −15 °C and −19 °C, when compared to the original ASHP. The COP of the TEHP is relatively constant, ranging from 1.63 to 1.76. This prototype offers a solution to address the challenges associated with reduced heat pump capacity at low ambient temperatures. The experimental results indicated that the lower the ambient temperature, thermoelectric heat pump auxiliary heating can increase the heating efficiency 60 % in comparison to electric resistance.

Occupant-centric dynamic heating demand in residential buildings based on a temporal-spatial combined quantification method

The occupant-centric Part-Time-Local-Space heating mode holds paramount significance for the carbon neutralization of buildings in China. It ensures a harmonious match between heat supply and personal demand in both temporal and spatial dimensions, effectively reducing space heating consumption. However, current studies predominantly focus on the temporal-spatial heating demands of occupants at the room scale, but the zonal scale heating demands remain inadequately explored. Thus, we developed a temporal-spatial combined quantification method to analyze residents’ indoor movement characteristics. It aims to identify the localized subzones in a room where residents have prolonged stays, with spatial boundaries of subzones entirely defined based on high-resolution positioning data. Using this approach, we analyzed the temporal-spatial heating demands of four households under single- and multiple-resident scenarios in typical rooms. Furthermore, we discussed the differences in demand between different heating modes. Results revealed distinctive “local space” demand features in living room and “part time” demand features in dining room. The areas of sofa subzones generally occupied less than 15 % of a room (within 4 m2), and stay durations in dining-table subzones ranged from 0.3 h to 1.2 h. Considering the entire monitored rooms, residents occupied only 4.1–12.1 % in space with 10.7–47.9 % in time per day, highlighting the significant energy-saving potential of the occupant-centric Part-Time-Local-Space heating mode. This evaluation provides a reference for the design and implementation of personalized environmental control system.

Effects of Process Conditions on Drying of Tomato Pomace in a Novel Daylight Simulated Photovoltaic-Assisted Drying System

The tomato pomace (TP), which is a by-product of the production of tomato paste, was dried in a novel custom-designed daylight simulated photovoltaic assisted dryer (DPVD). The different light applications (daylight, UV light, daylight + UV light, and without light), different air velocities (1.5 and 2 m/s), and different heating source modes (hot air and infrared) were applied to dry TP having a moisture content of 80.60 ± 0.73% to the moisture content of 7.66 ± 1.72%. The average water activity values of all dried samples were measured as 0.52 ± 0.08. Analysis was conducted to compare sun drying with the effects of process conditions on the quality (color properties, lycopene, β-carotene, and total mesophilic aerobic bacteria count) and performance (energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, specific moisture evaporation rate, and improvement potential) characteristics of TP. The effects of process conditions for each heating source mode were determined separately, and the improvement of the system performance for each mode was investigated. The effect of the process conditions on total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) count was similar in general. In the infrared heating mode, the loss in lycopene and β-carotene contents was 59.55 ± 2.22 and 57.87 ± 2.51 minimum for 1.5 m/s air velocity without light application and for 2 m/s with ultraviolet + daylight application. In general, the performance of the system decreased in case of using ultraviolet light. The retention in the lycopene and β-carotene contents was higher in the infrared mode with light applications compared to hot air mode without light. The optimum drying conditions were air velocity of 2 m/s with “daylight” assistance in the hot air heating mode and with “ultraviolet + daylight” assistance in the infrared heating mode. All the energy and the daylight source used in drying applications were obtained from the sun, a renewable energy source, thanks to the photovoltaic panel and the solar tube units in the novel custom-designed drying system.

Experimental and numerical investigation on the heat and mass transfer performance of tar rich coal in-situ pyrolysis

On ground experiments are conducted firstly to simulate the multi-physics underground pyrolysis of tar rich coal and find out the kinetic parameters of the reaction. And then multi-physics simulation is performed by coupling heat transfer, fluid flow and chemical reactions. Three pyrolysis models are compared and it’s found that the convective flow of heat carrier in coal seam plays an important role in heat transfer although the flow velocity is low. Then the effects of permeability, inlet mass flow rate on heat and mass transfer are investigated for two geometric models with homogeneous and inhomogeneous permeability. It’s found that increasing the permeability is beneficial for fast production of tar. For the homogeneous permeability model, the pyrolysis reaction can be completed in only 140 days when the permeability is 1000 md while for the non-homogeneous permeability model, increasing the inlet mass flow rate can improve the heat and mass transfer performance only in the early stage when the pyrolysis occurs mainly in the fractured zone with higher permeability. The pyrolysis reaction time when the inlet mass flow rate is 0.174 kg/s is 22 days shorter than that of 0.054 kg/s. But in the later stage the inlet mass flow rate has little effect on the reaction rate and brings about a higher pressure drop. The pyrolysis under different well patterns is also compared and the results indicate that four-well heating and six-well heating modes can improve the uniformity and the reaction conversion rate with the same total inlet mass flow rate during the same time. For the six-well heating mode, the pyrolysis reaction can be completed in about 100 days, which is 60 days shorter than the single-well heating mode.

Development and characterization of fly ash enriched epoxy coatings for corrosion protection in deep sea water

Fly ash (FA) has recently received increasing attention as inexpensive and readily abundant filler for development of epoxy-based anticorrosive coatings. In the present investigation a series of FA enriched epoxy coatings (FECs) has been developed and investigated for their anticorrosive behaviour under immersion in DSW (pH 8.2) over 48 h. The development of FECs was conducted through enrichment of FA ranging 0 to 80 phr (parts of FA per 100 g of epoxy) into epoxy matrix. The formation of FECs was ascertained through spectral, thermal, electrical and microscopic methods. Electrochemical impedance spectra in coherence with DC polarization measurements reveal enhanced corrosion protection efficiency (83 %) of FECs derived at 40 phr enrichment of FA. Enrichment of FA (phr) ranging 40 to 60 has rendered fair (0.01) to moderate (0.05) resistance (mm/year) to FECs against pitting corrosion in DSW. Whereas, FECs derived at 60 phr of FA has shown promising electrical behaviour, moderate heat resistance (TG onset 200 °C with 94.70 % weight residue) with enhanced limiting oxygen index (38.50 %). FECs developed in the present investigation may find their possible applications as anticorrosive coatings sustainable in DSW over 48 h.

Thermal runaway response and flame eruption dynamics of lithium-ion batteries under continuous/intermittent heating mode of dual heat sources

Thermal abuse is one of the main triggers of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and the study of thermal runaway in LIBs under dual heat source-induced stimulation is a gap that has not yet been addressed, and the continuous application of the heat source is an important breakthrough to study this problem. In this paper, by building an experimental platform for coupled thermal abuse stimulation, the TR mechanism and flame eruption dynamics behavior of LIBs under linear (continuous) and non-linear (intermittent) heating modes of dual heat sources are investigated. The results show that the linear heating mode exacerbates the accumulation of heat and pressure inside the battery, which in turn accelerates the process of side reactions in the battery. Compared with the non-linear heating mode, the peak TR temperature in the linear heating mode increased by 28.9 °C, and the onset of TR was 724 s. The TR flame eruption consisted of multiple processes, at 100 % SOC, the jet fire erupted as a “pillar of fire” under linear heating mode. And at 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % SOC, the jet fire area increased by 197.04 cm2, 830.97 cm2, and 2302.69 cm2 under linear heating mode compared to non-linear heating mode, respectively.

Research Status of New Energy Vehicle Thermal Management

Thermal management of new energy vehicles, as a way to break through the driving range of new energy vehicles and one of the guarantees of safety performance, has been paid more and more attention to. In order to improve the thermal management efficiency of new energy vehicles, the thermal management mode of the whole vehicle should be optimized, so that different parts can work at a suitable temperature, so as to ensure the functional safety and service life of the vehicle. Based on this, this paper analyzes the passenger cabin thermal management system through Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heating air conditioning, heat pump air conditioning and other technologies. This paper introduces the new energy vehicle battery thermal management system from the aspects of direct cooling mode and heating mode, introduces the battery thermal management system through the analysis of flow charts, and introduces the cooling mode of electric control and motor, and pays attention to some cutting-edge research progress, and summarizes the automobile thermal management technology theory.

Calcium-carbonate and phytoelements to improve egg production in backyard laying hens under heat stress

Calcium-carbonate and phytoelements to improve egg production in backyard laying hens under heat stress

Dynamic changes in proteomics during the response of Arabidopsis seedlings to heat stress.

Abstract The threat of global warming to plant survival, along with its adverse effects on growth and agricultural productivity, underscores the urgency of developing thermotolerant crops. Achieving this goal necessitates a thorough comprehension of plant responses to heat stress at the molecular level. To address this, we conducted an investigation into proteome dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings exposed to moderate heat stress (30°C). Employing a novel approach combining 15N-stable isotope labeling and the ProteinTurnover algorithm facilitated a detailed examination of proteomic changes across various cellular fractions. Our study unveiled significant alterations in the turnover rates of 571 proteins, with a median increase of 1.4-fold, indicative of heightened protein dynamics in response to heat stress. Notably, soluble proteins in the roots exhibited comparatively minor changes, suggesting tissue-specific adaptive mechanisms. The analysis also revealed substantial turnover variations in proteins associated with redox signaling, stress response, and metabolism, underscoring the intricate nature of the response network. Conversely, proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and mitochondrial ATP synthesis demonstrated minimal turnover fluctuations, highlighting their inherent stability. This comprehensive assessment sheds light on the proteomic adaptations of Arabidopsis seedlings to moderate heat stress, elucidating the delicate balance between proteome stability and adaptability. These insights contribute to our understanding of plant thermal resilience and offer valuable support for the development of crops endowed with enhanced thermotolerance.