Moderate Dispersion Research Articles

Development of Multipurpose Supported Asymmetric Salen Catalysts by Cu(0)‐Mediated Reversible Deactivation Radical Copolymerization

Designing heterogeneous catalysts that ensure efficient recycling and reuse of the catalyst in a wide range of transformations remains a real challenge. In this contribution, targeted copolymers are used as supports for the development of heterogeneous asymmetric catalysts. They are made up of two methacrylate monomers, 3‐azidopropylmethacrylate (AZMA), and 2‐methoxyethyl methacrylate (MEMA) used as a diluting agent. Polymerization was carried out using Cu(0)‐mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), yielding two copolymers with controlled MEMA/AZMA compositions of 70/30 and 30/70 with moderate dispersity control (Ð = 1.32‐1.54), targeting polymers with a similar molar mass, which is important to achieve precise control of the catalyst loading to implement asymmetric catalysis. The copolymers were post‐functionalized using click chemistry with two salen complexes containing a chromium or a cobalt center, these species being recognized for their broad range of applications. The supported catalysts were evaluated in two reactions and recovered by precipitation and filtration techniques. The first reaction involved the asymmetric ring opening (ARO) of cyclohexene oxide with trimethylsilylazide, catalyzed by the chromium sites, the second reaction was the dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of epibromohydrin with water, promoted by the cobalt sites. The recycling was effective, demonstrating the robustness and viability of the procedure.

Synthesis and Polymerization of Thiophene-Bearing 2-Oxazolines and 2-Oxazines.

Intrinsically conductive polymers have garnered a great deal of attention for use in medical and bioelectronic applications. Despite this, challenges associated with the mechanical stability, processability, and fabrication of conducting polymers have limited their utility. To circumvent these limitations, thiophene substituted 2-oxazolines (2Ox)and 2-oxazines (2Ozi) are introduced, which can be polymerized to form a thermally stable and potentially melt-processable polymers as precursors for conductive polymers. A series of such monomers are synthesized and yields above 50% are obtained for gram scale reactions. The monomers can subsequently be polymerized using standard cationic ring-opening methods to yield thiophene-bearing poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) and poly(2-oxazine)s (POzi) with narrow to moderate dispersity. The polymers exhibit glass transition temperatures between 50 °C and 100 °C and thermal stability beyond 250 °C. Moreover, random copolymers can be produced by introducing aliphatic 2-oxazolinesduring polymer synthesis, which facilitates tailoring of the polymer properties and may enable new applications in melt extrusion printing or electrospinning of precursors for conducting polymer systems. Overall, a facile approach is described for the synthesis of thiophene-functionalized monomers and polymers, providing covalent integration of thiophenes that opens new avenues toward the generation of functional and stimuli-responsive biomaterials.

Volumetric measurement of manually drawn segmentations in cone beam computed tomography images of newly formed bone after sinus floor augmentation with bovine-derived bone substitutes.

Precise volumetric measurement of newly formed bone after maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) can help clinicians in planning for dental implants. This study aimed to introduce a novel modular framework to facilitate volumetric calculations based on manually drawn segmentations of user-defined areas of interest on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images MATERIAL & METHODS: Two interconnected networks for manual segmentation of a defined volume of interest and dental implant volume calculation, respectively, were used in parallel. The volume data of dental implant manufacturers were used for reference. The efficacy of this framework was demonstrated through practical applications for collecting CBCT data from patients after MSFA with the same quantity of two different bovine-derived bone substitutes: xenohybrid composite bone (Group I, n = 10) and hydroxyapatite (Group II, n = 10). The study was approved by the central Ethical Review Board of the federal state of Lower Austria (approval number: GS4-EK-4/451-2021). The volumes were measured immediately (T1) and 6 months (T2) after MSFA and before insertion of the dental implant. All measurements were analyzed for inter- and intravariability. P-values of >0.05 were obtained from the t-test analysis RESULTS: The manual delineation of Group II (n = 10) was easier than that of Group I (n = 10) due to the visual contrast of the CBCT scan. The mean volume was 861.65 ± 290.02 mm³ at T1 and 875.9 ± 288.96 mm³ at T2. This shows a moderate dispersion around the mean value, which indicates variability of the analyzed data DISCUSSION: The proposed network may be useful for the development of computer-based diagnostic systems for assessing the success of MSFA with bone replacement materials. The volumetric stability achieved with the two bone replacement materials were comparable.

The nature of synergy effects between VOx and TiO2 in low temperature NH3-SCR reaction

In this study, we investigated the low-temperature activity of selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 (NH3-SCR) with the effect of different vanadium oxide (VOx) loading in the VOx/TiO2 catalyst. By calculating the specific rate of activity, it was found that the fastest specific rate of activity was achieved when the loading of V2O5 reached 10 wt%, and the nitrogen oxides (NOx) conversion of the above optimal catalyst reached over 80 % in the temperature range of 180–465 °C. The effects of preparation method, calcination temperature, and support on the aggregation state of the vanadium species and the SCR activity of the catalyst were also investigated on the basis of the ideal ratio. Combining the activity and characterization results, it is found that the impregnation method and calcination at 410 °C are more favorable for the moderate dispersion of the vanadium species on the TiO2 surface, producing more highly reactive polymorphic VOx, which is more readily dispersed on the surface of the TiO2 support and interacts more strongly with the TiO2. The interaction between the two can promote the transfer of electrons, resulting in the production of more active O species and low-valent vanadium. The aforementioned species can enhance the catalyst's low- temperature denitrification activity.

Visible light-driven organocatalyzed radical ring-opening polymerization of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes

Radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP) offers an essentially practical strategy to introduce a broad scope of functional groups in the polymer backbone. While suitable cyclic monomers mostly possess a vinyl group to facilitate the radical addition step, we herein present an efficient rROP of highly strained bicyclo[1.1.0]butane (BCB)-derived monomers through radical addition to bridge σ-carbon–carbon bond by photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization technique, producing poly(BCBs) with relatively predictable molecular wight and low to moderate dispersity. Spatiotemporal control over the polymer chain-growth was achieved and high chain-end fidelity was imparted to access intriguing random and block copolymers with complex structures.

Dispersal stabilizes coupled ecological and evolutionary dynamics in a host-parasitoid system.

When ecological and evolutionary dynamics occur on comparable timescales, persistence of the ensuing eco-evolutionary dynamics requires both ecological and evolutionary stability. This unites key questions in ecology and evolution: How do species coexist, and what maintains genetic variation in a population? In this work, we investigated a host-parasitoid system in which pea aphid hosts rapidly evolve resistance to Aphidius ervi parasitoids. Field data and mathematical simulations showed that heterogeneity in parasitoid dispersal can generate variation in parasitism-mediated selection on hosts through time and space. Experiments showed how evolutionary trade-offs plus moderate host dispersal across this selection mosaic cause host-parasitoid coexistence and maintenance of genetic variation in host resistance. Our results show how dispersal can stabilize both the ecological and evolutionary components of eco-evolutionary dynamics.

Modelling and numerical simulation of a concentrated mass-based branch vibration

To investigate the variation patterns of spectral characteristics of main branches in fruit trees due to uneven distribution of growth, pruning, and fruit quality, as well as to determine the optimal fruit vibration harvesting, a vibration differential model of tree branches was constructed using the concentrated mass method. A three-dimensional model of the fruit tree was built using finite element software. The spectral characteristics of each branch were obtained using the linear sweep frequency method. The method of changing the mass of each branch was employed to simulate the variation in branch mass. The frequency of occurrence, mean acceleration, and coefficient of variation of the inherent frequencies were used as evaluation indicators. The results revealed that when the vibration frequency of the fruit tree was at the maximum peak frequency in the tree trunk spectrum, the frequency of occurrence and mean acceleration were optimal. And the coefficient of variation of branch acceleration was less than 1, indicating a moderate dispersion. Additionally, reducing the branch mass resulted in an increase in the maximum peak frequency of the tree trunk spectrum. Therefore, the growth, pruning, and uneven distribution of the branches in fruit trees can alter the spectral characteristics. When harvesting fruit by vibration, selecting the maximum peak frequency in the trunk vibration spectrum as the excitation force frequency yields the best fruit detachment.

Backspin in Ruellia ciliatiflora does not maximize seed dispersal range, but provides moderate dispersal range thatisrobust to launch conditions.

Ruellia ciliatiflora is a perennial herb whose fruits explosively dehisce, launching their thin disc-like seeds over 6 m with a backspin up to 1660 Hz. Whileithas been previously shown that the backspin launch orientation minimizes the aerodynamic drag experienced by the seeds, it is not immediately obvious whether backspin is also the range-maximizing launch orientation. Here the three-dimensional equation of motion of a thin, spinning disc flying through a fluid medium was derived and solved numerically to simulate the flight of seeds of R. ciliatiflora under different launch conditions. Simulations of seed flights reveal that the range-maximizing launch orientation lies between sidespin and topspin, far from the backspin that is observed in nature. While this range-maximizing orientation results in dispersal ranges of nearly 10 m, the precise orientation is highly sensitive to other launch parameters, chiefly spin rate and launch angle. By contrast, backspin, which yields moderate dispersal ranges about 60% of the range-maximizing orientation, is robust to perturbations in launch parameters that the plant cannot precisely control.

Optimizing hydrogen-driven n-pentane isomerization over Pt-doped fibrous ZSM-5

This study focuses on developing and optimizing Pt-doped fibrous ZSM-5 catalysts for n-pentane hydroisomerization. The catalysts demonstrated improved Pt dispersion and surface area through comprehensive characterization, particularly in Pt/HFZSM-5. Catalytic evaluations revealed that Pt/HFZSM-5 exhibited remarkable hydroisomerization performance (91.9 % of conversion), surpassing commercial ZSM-5, attributed to the enhancement in physicochemical attributes like high surface area, moderate acid sites and active Pt dispersion. Notably, under optimized conditions (reaction temperature: 323.6 °C, treatment temperature: 453.7 °C, F/W ratio: 498.7 mL/g.min), Pt/HFZSM-5 achieved an impressive 92.6 % isomerization yield, signifying a substantial enhancement in catalytic activity. Mechanistic insights highlighted the pivotal role of acid sites along with hydrogen activation in hydroisomerization. The utilization of statistical modeling, response surface analysis, and experimental validation underscored the accuracy of the predictive model and its alignment with the observed outcomes (with 2.1 % variance). This work contributes to developing high-performance hydroisomerization catalysts and advances understanding of the underlying reaction mechanisms.

Blind Polarization Demultiplexing of Shaped QAM Signals Assisted by Temporal Correlations.

While probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) enables rate and reach adaption with finer granularity [1], it imposes signal processing challenges at the receiver. Since the distribution of PCS-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals tends to be Gaussian, conventional blind polarization demultiplexing algorithms are not suitable for them [2]. It is known that independently and identically distributed (iid) Gaussian signals, when mixed, cannot be recovered/separated from their mixture. For PCS-QAM signals, there are algorithms such as [3], [4] which are designed by extending conventional blind algorithms used for uniform QAM signals. In these algorithms, an initialization point is obtained by processing only a part of the mixed signal, which have non-Gaussian statistics. In this paper, we propose an alternative method wherein we add temporal correlations at the transmitter, which are subsequently exploited at the receiver in order to separate the polarizations. We will refer to the proposed method as frequency domain (FD) joint diagonalization (JD) probability aware-multi modulus algorithm (pr-MMA), and it is suited to channels with moderate polarization mode dispersion (PMD) effects. Furthermore, we extend our previously proposed JD-MMA [5] by replacing the standard MMA with a pr-MMA, improving its performance. Both FDJD-pr-MMA and JD-pr-MMA are evaluated for a diverse range of PCS (entropy ) over a first-order PMD channel that is simulated in a proof-of-concept setup. A MMA initialized with a memoryless constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is used as a benchmark. We show that at a differential group delay (DGD) of 10% of symbol period and 18 dB SNR/pol., JD-pr-MMA successfully demultiplexes the PCS signals, while CMA-MMA fails drastically. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the newly proposed FDJD-pr-MMA is robust against moderate PMD effects by evaluating it over a DGD of up to 40% of . Our results show that the proposed FDJD-pr-MMA successfully equalizes PMD channels with a DGD up to 20% of .

Synthesis of megadalton stereoregular ring-substituted poly(phenylacetylene)s by a rhodium(i) catalyst with a N-functionalized hemilabile phosphine ligand

The compound [Rh(nbd){κ2P,N-Ph2P(CH2)3NMe2}][BF4] efficiently catalyzes the polymerization of ring-substituted phenylacetylenes to give highly stereoregular megadalton and ultra-high molecular weight polymers with moderate dispersity.

Silver-releasing bioactive glass nanoparticles for infected tissue regeneration

Bacterial infections represent a formidable challenge, often leaving behind significant bone defects post-debridement and necessitating prolonged antibiotic treatments. The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains further complicates infection management. Bioactive glass nanoparticles have been presented as a promising substitute for bone defects and as carriers for therapeutic agents against microorganisms. Achieving consistent incorporation of ions into BGNs has proven challenging and restricted to a maximum ion concentration, especially when reducing the particle size. This study presents a notable achievement in the synthesis of 10 nm-sized Ag-doped bioactive glass nanoparticles (Ag-BGNs) using a modified yet straightforward Stöber method. The successful incorporation of essential elements, including P, Ca, Al, and Ag, into the glass structure at the intended concentrations (i.e., CaO wt% above 20 %) was confirmed by EDS, signifying a significant advancement in nanoscale biomaterial engineering. While exhibiting a spherical morphology and moderate dispersity, these nanoparticles tend to form submicron-sized aggregates outside of a solution state. The antibacterial effectiveness against MRSA was established across various experimental conditions, with Ag-BGNs effectively sterilizing planktonic bacteria without the need for antibiotics. Remarkably, when combined with oxacillin or fosfomycin, Ag-BGNs demonstrated a potent synergistic effect, restoring antibacterial capabilities against MRSA strains resistant to these antibiotics when used alone. Ag-BGNs exhibited potential in promoting human mesenchymal stromal cell proliferation, inducing the upregulation of osteoblast gene markers, and significantly contributing to bone regeneration in mice. This innovative synthesis protocol holds substantial promise for the development of biomaterials dedicated to the regeneration of infected tissue.

Pore network simulation of loop heat pipe evaporator with different pore size distribution

To investigate the relationship between the loop heat pipe evaporator heat-transfer coefficient and wick pore size distribution, this work simulated the two−phase thermal hydraulics in the evaporator by pore network model in three dimensions. The simulation considered a liquid–vapor (L–V) two-phase state in the wick, which is induced by nucleate boiling and local pore-scale fluid dynamics. Some wick samples, while having the same macroscopic porous characteristics such as permeability, were created with different pore size distributions. Heat transfer and fluid flow of the evaporator were solved with ammonia and R134a as working fluids, along with stainless-steel and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) porous materials. Each evaporator showed a different evaporator heat-transfer coefficient and maximum applied heat flux. Some characteristics with respect to the L–V phase distribution in the wick were selected to investigate their correlation with heat-transfer coefficients. As a result, the correlation coefficients with the three-phase contact line (TPCL) length ranged from 0.70 to 0.91. Only the TPCL showed a correlation with the heat-transfer coefficients in all conditions, as opposed to the vapor pocket maximum depth and liquid saturation. It was discovered that the TPCL length is proportional to the heat-transfer coefficients. In all cases, the TPCL length and heat-transfer coefficients reached a maximum at moderate pore size dispersion. In addition, The heat-transfer coefficients of the PTFE wick were more sensitive to the TPCL length than that of the stainless-steel one. The discovery helps enhance the thermal performance of the evaporator porous structural design by additive manufacturing.

On the evaluation of failure strain in graphite-epoxy composites

Determination of failure strains is a topic of great interest for the design of composite structures. To evaluate the ultimate strains of a composite, tensile tests have been carried out on specimens with a range of fiber orientations between 0° and 90°. Ultimate tensile strengths obtained present low or moderate dispersion, the average values constituting a good estimation of the failure stress. Values of failure strains obtained present high dispersion for almost all orientations, so it is proposed to take as failure strain threshold the minimum value for each orientation. Finally, the shear behavior of the material has been evaluated.

The Reliability of the Divergence Angle for Evaluating Rotational Implant Positioning in Medial Unicompartmental Knee Replacement.

Background Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a highly effective surgical procedure used to treat patients with osteoarthritis affecting a single knee compartment. UKA has gained significant popularity, accompanied by an expansion of its surgical indications. This increasing trend can be attributed to the consistently excellent clinical outcomes associated with UKA, which rival those achieved with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, despite these advancements, implant rotation malposition remains a prevalent factor contributing to early failure in UKA cases. The aim of this study is to analyze the rotational positioning of femorotibial implants in UKA and to identify an appropriate angle formed by the femoral component and the tibial component using a newly described angle. Methods This was a retrospective study of patients' data of 40 medial UKA cases of 33 patients who were operated on in our hospital between October 1998 and March 2019. The study introduces a new angle called the "divergence angle." This angle is formed between the lateral portion of the femoral component and the lateral part of the tibial component, as measured on a patellofemoral Merchant view at 30 degrees of knee flexion. The divergence angle was evaluated through radiographic assessment by two independent reviewers. Results According to statistical analysis, the divergence angle was highly reliable with both intra- and inter-observer reproducibility. Intra-observer reproducibility was excellent with an intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC) between 0.901 and 0.933 (p < 0.001). The inter-observer reproducibility was excellent with an ICCof 0.92 (p < 0.001).The Gaussian curve confirmed the normal distribution of the divergence angle values with moderate dispersion of values. The majority of the angles of divergence (85%) measured between the femoral and tibial components were less than 10 degrees (n = 34), with a mean angle of 6.3 ± 4.5°. Conclusion The divergence angle between the femoral and tibial components, measured at 30 degrees of knee flexion using the Merchant view, is an easily accessible, reliable, and reproducible method. This technique enables the assessment of the optimal rotational positioning of implants in medial UKA.

Exploring the Feasibility of Calculating Expected pCO2 From Venous Blood Gas Samples Alone in Intensive Care Patients.

Introduction This study highlights the significance of assessing acid-base balance and gas exchange in intensive care patients. The research investigates the applicability of using the "expected (pCO2 = HCO3 + 15)" formula, derived from venous blood gas samples, as an alternative to Winter's formula and practical formula. The study emphasizes the importance of identifying the primary acid-base abnormality accurately and efficiently for appropriate clinical intervention in critically ill patients. Methods This study included 400 adult patients admitted to the Anesthesia Clinic in the Third Stage Anesthesia and Reanimation Intensive Care Unit at Hitit University Erol Olçok Training and Research Hospital between April 2020 and July 2023. Blood gas samples were collected simultaneously from both arterial lines and venous catheters. Patients under 18 years, pregnant women, hemodialysis patients, and those with missing data were excluded. The study aimed to calculate the expected partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) values using Winter's formula and simple formulafor both arterial and venous blood gas samples and assess potential correlations between them. Results The results showed a narrow range for arterial pH values (7.12-7.72), a wider distribution for pCO2 values (17.90-81.30 mmHg), and a moderate dispersion for HCO3values (12.80-44.33 mmol/L). Both Winter's and simple formulas were applied to estimate the expected pCO2 values, showing strong positive correlations between arterial and venous pH, pCO2, and HCO3 values. The scatterplot illustrated a very high level of association (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r = 1) between the expected pCO2 values derived from both formulas using arterial and venous blood gas samples. Conclusion The clinical study demonstrates that estimating expected pCO2 values in mixed acid-base disorders can be achieved using a simple and convenient formulation, eliminating the need for arterial blood gas sampling and its associated complications.

Dynamics of non-equilibrium concentration fluctuations during free-diffusion in highly stratified solutions of glycerol and water.

We investigate the non-equilibrium fluctuations occurring during free diffusion between two solutions of glycerol and water with various concentration differences. The non-linearity of the system, determined by the strong stratification of the sample, requires introducing an interpretation model able to characterize the dependence of the correlation properties of the non-equilibrium fluctuations on the local thermophysical variables of the system. The proposed model allows us to characterize the dynamics of non-equilibrium fluctuations in the presence of a wide range of relaxation times determined by the strong stratification of the sample, at variance with the cumulant methods commonly used in dynamic light scattering experiments, which work well in the presence of a moderate dispersion of relaxation times.

Defects Tune the Strong Metal-Support Interactions in Copper Supported on Defected Titanium Dioxide Catalysts for CO2 Reduction.

A highly active and stable Cu-based catalyst for CO2 to CO conversion was demonstrated by creating a strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) between Cu active sites and the TiO2-coated dendritic fibrous nano-silica (DFNS/TiO2) support. The DFNS/TiO2-Cu10 catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance with a CO productivity of 5350 mmol g-1 h-1 (i.e., 53,506 mmol gCu-1 h-1), surpassing that of almost all copper-based thermal catalysts, with 99.8% selectivity toward CO. Even after 200 h of reaction, the catalyst remained active. Moderate initial agglomeration and high dispersion of nanoparticles (NPs) due to SMSI made the catalysts stable. Electron energy loss spectroscopy confirmed the strong interactions between copper NPs and the TiO2 surface, supported by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The H2-temperature programmed reduction (TPR) study showed α, β, and γ H2-TPR signals, further confirming the presence of SMSI between Cu and TiO2. In situ Raman and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy studies provided insights into the role of oxygen vacancies and Ti3+ centers, which were produced by hydrogen, then consumed by CO2, and then again regenerated by hydrogen. These continuous defect generation-regeneration processes during the progress of the reaction allowed long-term high catalytic activity and stability. The in situ studies and oxygen storage complete capacity indicated the key role of oxygen vacancies during catalysis. The in situ time-resolved Fourier transform infrared study provided an understanding of the formation of various reaction intermediates and their conversion to products with reaction time. Based on these observations, we have proposed a CO2 reduction mechanism, which follows a redox pathway assisted by hydrogen.

Use of non‐isothermal DSC in comparative studies of tin(II) systems for the ring‐opening polymerization ofd‐lactide

AbstractUnderstanding the kinetics and mechanisms of polymerization, particularly the role of a catalyst or initiator used, allows for the manipulation and control of the fabrication of new materials by the most convenient, straightforward routes. The kinetics of the bulk ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) ofd‐lactide, a useful monomer employed to control the properties of poly(l‐lactide), have been studied herein to identify a relatively quick (1 h), controlled, yet convenient route to moderately high molecular weight poly(d‐lactide). Tin(II) octoate (Sn(Oct)2), Sn(Oct)2/n‐butanol (nBuOH) and liquid tin(II) butoxide (Sn(OnBu)2) as initiating systems were investigated by non‐isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Isoconversional methods were employed to determine the activation energy (Ea) for each reaction. The results showed that liquid Sn(OnBu)2was a more efficient initiator than the commonly reported initiating systems of Sn(Oct)2and Sn(Oct)2/nBuOH in terms of producing higher polymerization rates and polymer molecular weights. High‐molecular‐weight poly(d‐lactide) (1.8 × 105 Da) with moderate dispersity (Ð = 1.3) was obtained using 0.1 mol% liquid Sn(OnBu)2as the initiator at 120 °C. This work describes the applications of non‐isothermal DSC and isoconversional methods in comparing the effectiveness of different initiators in the bulk ROP ofd‐lactide for the first time. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Organocatalytic synthesis of sugar‐derived polyesters via ring‐opening alternating copolymerization of anhydrosugar oxetane and anhydrides

AbstractIn this work, the organocatalytic strategy for the ring‐opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of 3,5‐anhydro‐D‐xylose oxetane 1 and various anhydrides has been demonstrated by use of phosphazene base (P1) and triethyl borane (TEB). The ROCOP proceeds efficiently to generate sugar‐derived polyesters with perfectly alternating sequence distribution, controlled molar masses, and moderate dispersity. These polyesters show good thermal stability (Tmax &gt; 320°C) and adjustable glass transition temperatures (Tg 70 ~ 110°C) with the variation of anhydrides. This work provides efficient organocatalyst for the selective copolymerization for biomass‐derived degradable polyesters.