Moderate Depressive Disorder Research Articles

Assessment of Depression Disorder among Recovered Nurses from Covid-19

Objectives: The present study aims to assess depression disorder among recovered nurses from COVID-19 in Babylon Governorate Hospitals and to find out the relationship between depression disorder and demographic characteristics, which include age, gender, marital status, type of family size, education level, and years of experience in a health setting. Methods: A descriptive correlation design used in the present research established that for a period from October 10th, 2021 to March 20th, 2022. The study used a probability (convenient) samples of 143 nurses who recovered from COVID-19 and were drawn from wards of educational and non-educational hospitals. The instruments of the research are adopted and modified for the purpose of this research. Results: The current study showed that less than three-quarters (102, or 71.3%) of those aged (19–29) years of age of age, and more than two-thirds (94, or 65.7%) were female. Regarding marital status, more than half of the sample of 81 (56.6%) were single, and concerning family size, less than two thirds of 89 (62.2%) were small less than six individuals. In relation to educational level, more than a fifth (58, or 40.6%) were diplomas in nursing. It also revealed that about two thirds (93, or 65%) had had (1–5) years of experience in a health setting. Conclusions: Moderate depressive disorder was more prevalent in recovered nurses from the age group (19–29), specifically females, and they had served in health institutions for 1–5 years. Recommendations: Researchers must invest more in studies to measure a larger population to generalize the results. The Department of Continuing Medical Education must provide psychological support for recovered nurses from COVID-19, especially female nurses. Increased efforts should be made to hold epidemiological training courses on how to deal with transmissible viruses, as well as to understand their dangers and modes of transmission. Key word: depression disorder, recovered nurses and COVID 19.

Therapy based on positive self-defining memories for older women with depressive disorder and associated ruminations: a pilot study.

Depressive disorders hinder the retrieval of positive memories, which is the mechanism strategically used by healthy subjects to cope with negative feelings. An adjustment to this strategy to deal with depression affecting elderly women presenting ruminative responses could be obtained by materialising a number of positive self-defining memories. This innovative cognitive therapeutic method should lead to a decrease in the rumination rate and an improvement in depressive disorders for ageing women. Our study, which included 14 depressed women over the age of 65 who presented with ruminative responses, was divided into two groups according to the severity of their depressive disorder (moderate or severe). Participants collected positive self-defining memories in a notebook over three sessions, which was used independently over the three following weeks. The results show a significant decrease in rumination, regardless of the disorder severity. A significant improvement in the depressive disorder was observed in the elderly women with moderate depressive disorder but stagnated after the support phase. These data highlight the interest of this therapeutic method for the treatment of patients suffering from moderate depression, while further studies will be required to adjust it for severely affected patients.

Risk Factors for Viral Non-Suppression among People Living with HIV and Major Depressive Disorder in Uganda

Background: Several studies indicate that depression is associated with non-viral suppression among persons living with HIV (PLWH) using antiretroviral therapy (ART) worldwide. However, among PLWH with major depressive disorder, factors associated with non-viral suppression remain uncertain. We determined the prevalence and identified the factors associated with viral non-suppression among PLWH with major depressive disorder using ART in Northern Uganda. Method: A total of 30 primary care HIV clinics across three northern districts (Gulu, Kitgum, Pader) participated in the study. Using baseline data from the SEEK-GSP study, a cluster-randomized trial in northern Uganda (2016-2019) that involved 1140 PLWH with mild to moderate major depressive disorder; we examined the demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors using standardized questionnaires. Data on viral load was abstracted from clinic records and dichotomized into suppressed (<1000 viral copies/mL) and non-suppressed (≥1000 viral copies/mL). We used generalized linear regression models to evaluate the factors associated with non-viral suppression. Results: We recruited 1140 PLWH. The viral non-suppression prevalence was 12.2%. In multivariable analysis, the only baseline psychosocial variable independently associated with non-viral suppression was suicide risk (PRR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05 - 2.32, p-value = 0.029). The prevalence odds for non-viral suppression were 56% higher among depressed PLWH with moderate to high suicide risk than those with low suicide risk. Among clinical variables, duration on ART ≥ 4 years was independently associated with non-viral suppression (PRR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.32, p-value = 0.015). Conclusions: Suicide risk and longer duration on ART are associated with non-viral suppression among anti-retroviral therapy users with mild to moderate major depressive disorder in Uganda. As ART is scaled up across Sub-Saharan Africa, first-line psychological care for depression and its complications is urgently needed in established HIV treatment centers.

Anxiety and depression among women with COVID-19 infection during childbirth—experience from a tertiary care academic center

BACKGROUNDPregnancy and postpartum are vulnerable periods for mental health problems and distress. Studies conducted worldwide have highlighted the role of the COVID-19 pandemic in adding to the rates of depression and anxiety in the perinatal period. However, there are very few reports on mothers who were identified as having COVID-19 infection at the time of childbirth.OBJECTIVEOur study aimed to find the prevalence of depression and anxiety among pregnant women who were admitted for labor and tested positive for COVID-19 infection. We also aimed to study the association of various sociodemographic, social support, and obstetrical factors and that of COVID-19-related worries with depression and anxiety.STUDY DESIGNThe study was conducted at the obstetrics inpatient setting in a public hospital in New Delhi, which had a separate designated COVID-19 block. Pregnant and postpartum women >18 years of age who were admitted to the COVID-19 maternity ward for delivery were included for this study. The women were interviewed within the first week of admission and after 6 to 8 weeks of childbirth. The sociodemographic and obstetrical details and COVID-19-related worries and concerns were assessed. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire version 9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale, respectively.The normally distributed variables are expressed as mean±standard deviation and continuous variables with skewed distribution as median (interquartile range). The categorical data presented as proportions of categorical variables were compared using the chi-square or the Fischer exact test. All the tests are 2-sided, with a significance level of 5%. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 24. The rates of depression and anxiety were calculated and univariate analysis was done to identify the factors associated with moderate and severe anxiety and depression using various sociodemographic and obstetrical variables, the total COVID anxiety scale scores, and the social support score.RESULTSThe mean age of the women was 26.86 years (±4.31). Of the 243 women assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire version 9, 168 (69.13%) had mild depressive disorder, and 29 (11.3%) had moderate depressive disorder. Of the 187 women who were assessed at the 6-weeks follow-up, 31 (16.57%) had minimal depression, 131 (70.05%) had mild depression, and 25 (13.36%) had moderate depression. Mild anxiety was seen in 121 cases (49.79%) and 13 (5.34%) had moderate anxiety symptoms. Women reported several worries, especially about the stigma of COVID-19 infection, support for infant care, and access to infant health services.CONCLUSIONScreening for common mental illnesses with the timely identification of associated risk factors should be done, with a liaison between obstetricians and mental health professionals. Obstetricians can address and reassure pregnant women regarding concerns about contracting the infection, worries about the possible effects of COVID-19 on the fetus and the newborn, and concerns about future consultations. In case the worries are out of proportion and necessitate intervention by mental health professionals, referral services should be made available. Hence, identifying and addressing the mental health concerns will help provide the optimum perinatal care during the pandemic.

Characteristics of psycho-emotional manifestations and evaluation of the quality of life indicators in women with ovarian endometrioma combined with pelvic inflammatory diseases

The objective: an assessment of the psycho-emotional status and quality of life in women with endometrioid ovarian cysts combined with inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. Materials and methods. The study included 44 patients with endometrioid ovarian cysts combined with inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs (I group), and 46 women with isolated ovarian endometriosis (II group). The control group consisted of 30 patients without endometriosis and symptoms of chronic pelvic pain. The SF-36 questionnaire (The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey) was used to assess the quality of life, the level of depression and anxiety were determined by the Beck depression scale and the Spielberger–Khanin anxiety scale. Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale. Results. The reasons for doctor’s visit were: menstrual irregularities (43.2% of patients in the I group and 34.8% – II group II), infertility (77.3% and 63.0%, respectively), miscarriage (13.6% and 8.7%), pain syndrome (up to 61.1% in general), as well as psycho-emotional and neurological conditions, urogenital disorders – cystalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, dysuria, frequent urination during menstruation, hematuria, dryness of the mucous membrane and dyspareunia. More than half of the women in the I group (56.8%) had severe pain combined with an expressed decrease in activity and transient disability, while in the II group only a quarter of the surveyed persons (23.9%) had pronounced manifestations of pelvic pain. The average level of depression in the II group was mild, while in the I group the parameters of moderate and mild depressive disorders were found in equal proportions. In the control group there were no manifestations of a depressive state. The indicators of trait anxiety and state anxiety scores in women in the I group were 52.12±12.26 and 49.84±8.29 points, respectively, in the II group – 40.12±10.22 and 44.26±6.24 points versus the data of the control group – 31.14±8.12 and 31.16±4.22 points (p&lt;0.05). The results of the SF-36 questionnaire presented that the patients in the I group had lower quality of life parameters on the following scales: general health, physical functioning, the pain, dissatisfaction with the emotional state.Conclusions. In women with ovarian endometriosis combined with chronic pelvic inflammatory processes an increased level of anxiety and depression and significantly low indicators of all scales of the SF-36 questionnaire were determined.

A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study on the effects of SZL on patients with mild to moderate depressive disorder with comparison to fluoxetine

Ethnopharmacological relevanceKaixinsan (KXS) decoction, as an herbal formula, was used to treat the diseases, such as insomnia, amnesia, emotional disorders in ancient china. It has been demonstrated to be active in various animal models resembling human depression with multitarget effects. However, effective verification on the clinical application of KXS is still lacking. Supplements in this knowledge field are urgently needed. Aim of the studyThis very first study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of ShenZhiLing (SZL) tablets (KXS preparation), compared with fluoxetine (FLX, positive comparator), in patients with mild to moderate depressive disorder. Materials and methodsIn this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, 156 patients with mild to moderate depression without taken any antidepressants in the past 6 months or 4 continuous weeks were randomized to receive either 3.2 g/d SZL plus 20 mg/d FLX placebo (SZL group) or 20 mg/d FLX plus 3.2 g/d SZL placebo (FLX group), for 8 weeks. Their clinical presentations and some metabolic indexes were assessed during the 8 weeks' visiting period. ResultsPatients in SZL group showed a statistically significant improvement after 8 weeks of treatment in HAM-D17 score (18.79±2.09 to 4.43±4.71, p<0.001) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) score (58.49±8.89 to 39.84±12.09, p<0.001), but not in N-back total respond time (1145.55±608.26 to 1128.47±387.49, p>0.05). In addition, no significant difference at 8 weeks of treatment was found between SZL and FLX groups in SDS score (39.84±12.09 vs. 36.63±12.44) and N-back respond time (1128.47±387.49 vs. 1089.43±352.08) as well as reduction of HAM-D17 score (14.79±4.88 vs. 15.24±4.29) (p>0.05 for all). However, the serum APOB, APOC3 and ALB levels and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio decreased significantly in patients after SZL treatment, while only APOB/APOA1 ratio decreased significantly in FLX group. Other metabolic indexes did not alter significantly after treated with SZL or FLX. ConclusionThe efficacy and safety profile of SZL are comparable to that of fluoxetine in patients with mild to moderate depression. The beneficial effect of SZL is probably associated with improvement of lipid metabolic balance.

Efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharide capsules for depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharide (MOO) capsules for depressive disorder.Methods:Eight electronic databases were searched for relevant studies from inception to April 19, 2020. Randomized controlled trials comparing MOO capsules with antidepressants were included. Data analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 software. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and the quality of the studies was evaluated by two researchers using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) software.Results:Seven studies involving 1,384 participants were included in this study. The effect of MOO capsules for moderate depressive disorder was not different from that of antidepressants (risk ratio [RR] = 0.99, 95%CI 0.92-1.06). Regarding adverse events, no significant difference was found between MOO capsules and antidepressants (RR = 0.84, 95%CI 0.65-1.07). In addition, the quality of evidence related to these adverse events was rated as low.Conclusion:This systematic review suggests that the efficacy of MOO capsules in the treatment of mild to moderate depression is not inferior to that of conventional antidepressants, which may provide a new direction for clinical alternative selection of antidepressants. However, more high-quality research and detailed assessments are needed.

Acceptance of Digital Health Interventions in Light to Moderate Depressive Disorders - A Qualitative Analysis from the Perspective of Affected Persons, Relatives and Health Professionals

User acceptance of digital health interventions in light to moderate depressive disorders has been rudimentarily researched and is examined in this study. Problem-centered individual interviews were conducted with 3 affected persons, 3 relatives and 13 health care professionals. The data evaluation was based on the structured qualitative content analysis. Along the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology attitudes of affected persons, relatives and health care professionals were presented. Expectations of performance and the supportive framework conditions were the most significant influencing predictors for the positive intention to use. The results provide a basis for prioritizing needs and attitudes in next step. In terms of ethical, sustainable and economical use further research on user acceptance is required.

Effect of vortioxetine on proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with heart failure and comorbid depression

IntroductionSeveral studies have shown impaired cytokine status in both patients with depression and chronic heart failure (HF).Objectivesto study the effect of vortioxetine on the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin -1β (IL-1β) and interleukin - 6 (IL-6).Methodsthere were examined 80 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) of ischemic genesis with functional class (FC) II-III (NYHA), 37 patients were without depression, 43 - with mild or moderate depressive disorders. Those with mild or moderate depressive disorders were divided into 2 subgroups: 21 patients received psychotherapy, 22 patients, in addition to psychotherapy, were prescribed vortioxetine at a dose of 10 mg / day in the morning after meals. The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals. The level of cytokines in the blood was determined by ELISA method.ResultsPatients with CHF have an increase in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the concentration in the serum of IL-1β was 2.3 times higher than the same indicator in the control group: (56.45 ± 4.17) pg / ml, against (24.71 ± 4.21) pg / ml p &lt;0.001). Depression caused an additional increase in the levels of IL-1β by 13.5% (p &lt;0.05) and IL-6 - by 17.3% (p &lt;0.01). Additional administration of vortioxetine caused a more rapid decrease in blood levels of both IL-1β (HR 0.87 [95% CI 0.72-0.97; p = 0.034]) and IL-6 (HR 0.81 [95% CI 0.68-0.93; p = 0.029]).ConclusionsThus, vortioxetine causes a decrease in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in patients with HF and comorbid depression.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Effect of daily social media exposure on anxiety and depression disorders among cargo seafarers: a cross-sectional study.

Several studies have linked social media use to increased risks for anxiety and depression. Cargo seafaring is one occupation prone to constant mental health instability due to workload, social isolation, and harsh working conditions. We examined the effect of daily social media exposure, occupational experience, and socioeconomic factors on anxiety and depression disorders among cargo seafarers. We assessed the anxiety and depression disorders of 153 cargo seafarers using Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scales. We fitted generalised linear models to estimate associations between depression and anxiety disorders and daily social media exposure, occupational experience, and socioeconomic factors. Approximately 30% and 37% of the seafarers had mild, moderate, or severe anxiety and depression disorders. The prevalence of anxiety was 2.68 times higher (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 2.68, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.30-5.50) and 2.27 times higher (aPR 2.27; 95% CI 1.12-4.62) among seafarers who spend > 2 to 4 hours and > 4 hours each day, respectively, on social media compared to seafarers who spend only up to 2 hours. In addition, seafarers who were on social media daily for > 2 to 4 hours (aPR 1.49; 95% CI 0.86-2.60) and > 4 hours (aPR 1.34; 95% CI 0.75-2.40) had a higher prevalence of depression compared to seafarers who were on social media daily for only up to 2 hours. Non-Catholics or seafarers with ≤ 10 years of occupational experience had a higher prevalence for anxiety and depression disorders than Catholics or seafarers with > 10 years of occupational experience. Daily social media exposure for > 2 hours, working for ≤ 10 years, or being a non-Catholic may contribute to the increase in the seafarers' susceptibility to depression and anxiety disorders. The establishment of support groups for cargo seafarers is warranted to promote mental health awareness and well-being.

Mental Health of Community-Dwelling Older Adults and Related Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Improving lifestyle, increasing lifespan and life expectancy have led to the phenomenon of aging in societies. The increasing population of older adults is one of the most important economic, social, and health challenges in the current century. Objectives: This study was conducted to measure the mental health of older adults in Qom City and its relationship with socioeconomic factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study on 400 older adults over 60 years in the urban areas of Qom in 2018. A multi-stage sampling method was used for this study. The research tools were a demographic questionnaire, the Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K6), and a standard psychological well-being scale. Data were analyzed by Stata 12 software using the t-test. The significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: Considering the mental health status, based on the K6, 55% of the elderly showed signs of low depression anxiety, 34% moderate, and 11% showed severe anxiety symptoms. Regarding the status of well-being, 49.50% were in good condition (11.3 ± 3.3), 27.75% were in moderate condition (13.8 ± 2.9), and 22.75% were in poor condition (7.3 ± 2.6). Anxiety and depression had significant relationships with gender, having an illness, marital status, having a caregiver, and income. Conclusions: The results showed that about half of the elderly in Qom had moderate anxiety and depression disorders, as well as moderate mental well-being, which indicates the moderate level of anxiety and mental disorders in the elderly in Qom.

Experience with vortioxetine in the treatment of post-stroke depression

Post-stroke depression significantly impairs functional recovery in patients and their quality of life. Objective : to evaluate the efficacy of vortioxetine in correcting depressive symptoms in the early recovery period of ischemic stroke, as well as its effect on the cognitive functions of patients. Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 60 patients with ischemic stroke in the carotid bed with symptoms of mild and moderate depression according to the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Group 1 (a study group) included 30 patients who received vortioxetine 10 mg/day for 8 weeks; Group 2 (a comparison group) consisted of 30 patients who refused to take an antidepressant. The investigators evaluated the severity of focal neurological deficit using the US National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the degree of functional deficit with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). The diagnosis of poststroke depression was established according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria; the authors analyzed the severity of depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and MADRS and cognitive functions with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). For evaluation of higher mental dysfunctions, they used a set of neuropsychological techniques developed by A.R. Luria and his followers, by applying the classic stimulus materials. Results and discussion. At 8-week follow-up, in Group 1 there were no patients with symptoms of moderate depression, only 14 (46.7%) patients had symptoms of mild depression, and the remaining 16 (53.3%) patients did not have emotional disturbances. At the same time, in Group 2, 14 (46.7%) patients were observed to have signs of moderate depressive disorder and 15 (50%) had symptoms of mild depression; 1 (0.3%) patient had symptoms of major depressive disorder. During treatment with vortioxetine, there was a considerable decrease in the severity of depressive symptoms according to the total MADRS score (U=87.0; p<0.0001) and a better functional recovery after a stroke, as shown by FIM (U=296.0, p= 0.023) and NIHSS scores (p<0.05). Analyzing the MoCA subtest scores revealed that Group 1 patients statistically significantly better coped with attention tasks (U=237.0; p<0.001). Conclusion. Vortioxetine significantly reduces the severity of depressive symptoms, has an obvious positive effect on the cognitive status of patients, by improving neurodynamic functions and memory in patients in the early recovery period of ischemic stroke.

Understanding the Breadth and Depth of C-L Psychiatry: Decisional Capacity Assessments

Understanding the Breadth and Depth of C-L Psychiatry: Decisional Capacity Assessments

Antidepressants effects of Rhodiola capsule combined with sertraline for major depressive disorder: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial

BackgroundWe performed a proof of concept trial to evaluate relative safety and efficacy of Rhodiola Capsule for mild to moderate major depressive disorder(MDD). MethodsIt is a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial which 100 patients were randomized to 12 weeks into three groups. One of which (group A: 33 patients) received one sertraline and two placebos(0.6 g/day) tablets daily, a second (group B: 33 patients) received one sertraline and two Rhodiola capsules (0.6 g/day) daily, and a third (group C: 34 patients) received one sertraline,one placebo tablet and one tablet of Rhodiola capsule (0.3 g/day)daily. Changes over time in Hamilton Depression Rating (HAM-D), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Clinical Global Impression Change (CGI/C) scores were examined. Significant post-treatment improvements were observed for both groups (Rhodiola Capsule) in HAMD, BDI, and CGI scores. The decline in HAMD, BDI, and CGI scores was greater for group B versus group A and C.While the CGI (versus group A) were greater for group B and C. ResultsStatistically significant reductions were observed for HAM-D, BDI, and CGI scores for all treatment conditions with significant difference between groups. The decline in HAM-D, BDI, and CGI scores was greater for group B versus group C and A. ConclusionsIt is concluded that the Rhodiola capsule shows anti-depressive potency in patients with depression disorder when administered in dosages of either 0.3 or 0.6 g/day over a 12-week period.Rhodiola capsule can improve the quality of life and clinical symptoms.The high doses of Rhodiola capsule are better than the lower doses.

P.500 Do CYP2C19 polymorphisms predict treatment response to escitalopram in moderate and severe depressive disorder?

The natural variant of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2D6.1, CYP2D6.17, is most common in African populations, has three amino acid substitutions (T107I, R296C, and S486T) compared to the wild-type, and is known to have a different ligand preference from CYP2D6.1. It is becoming increasingly important to understand differences in the metabolism of medicines in different ethnic groups in order to assess the relevance of clinical data from different countries. This study investigated differences in the inhibition profiles of drugs for CYP2D6 with respect to gene polymorphisms. Firstly, we used computer docking with six drugs to several CYP2D6.1 structures, sampled from the trajectory of MD simulations, and calculated MM-GB/SA scores representing binding free energies. We then used regression analysis to predict the potency with which drugs inhibited CYP2D6.1 based on MM-GB/SA scores. The pKi-values obtained were in good agreement with experimental values measured for the six drugs (r2 = 0.81). We carried out the same analysis for CYP2D6.17 and the pKi-values calculated were also in good agreement with experimental values (r2 = 0.92). Finally, we were able to successfully explain the different abilities of CYP2D6.1 and CYP2D6.17 to metabolize drugs in different ethnic groups with reference to their 3D-structures.

TA Treatment of Depression: A Simplified Hermeneutic Single-Case Efficacy Design - The Case of “Giovanni”

This study is inspired by previous case series replications of Hermeneutic Single-Case Efficacy Design which aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a manualized transactional analysis treatment for depressive disorders and depressive personality. We address problems and difficulties emerged in previous case series, such as: spending time in training a group of people to conduct the hermeneutic analysis, organizing the involvement of external judges to give the final adjudication, and dealing with inconsistencies between quantitative and qualitative data. For these reasons, this study suggests a simplified method to conduct the hermeneutic analysis that require one person only, maintaining its validity. Therefore, we integrated hermeneutic design with the pragmatic case evaluation methodology in order to follow pre-defined criteria in analysing qualitative material. Furthermore, we present a way to use the Script System to detect changes in depressive symptomatology and depressive personality. We tested this approach to HSCED in the case of ‘Giovanni, a 17-years old white Italian boy who attended sixteen session of transactional analysis psychotherapy with a white Italian woman specializing in psychotherapy with 2 years of clinical experience. The patient satisfied DSM-5 criteria for moderate major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder.This is the second investigation which has evaluated the effectiveness of Transactional Analysis psychotherapy for depressed adolescents.&#x0D;

The distinctions of higher nervous activity disorders during the long-term period of military injury of the Donbass defenders

In Donbass getting 55% of military injuries is related to extremities injuries. It was surveyed 83 soldiers who had surgery on the extremities injuries; research was conducted 3–4 years later after sustained injuries. Overwhelming majority of defenders have mine-explosive injuries (MEI) - 49 people, 34 people have gun-shot injuries (GSI). During research the following methods were used: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (МоСА), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Mild cognitive impairments were diagnosed in 25.2% of patients suffering from the mine-explosive injuries (MEI), in 18.4% of patients suffering from the gun-shot injuries (GSI). Moderate cognitive impairments were detected in 21.1% of defenders suffering from mine-explosive injuries (MEI) and in 15.4% of defenders suffering from gun-shot injuries (GSI). These patients have violated working memory, disorders of attention and delayed recall. Moderate depressive disorders were diagnosed in the 23 patients suffering from the mine-explosive injuries (MEI),12 patients suffering from the gun-shot injuries (GSI). Severe somatogenic depression were diagnosed in 7 patients suffering from the mine-explosive injuries (MEI) and 2 patients suffering from gun-shot injuries (GSI). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (МоСА) scale for persons suffering from mild depressive disorders had following results: 23.21 ± 1.34 points; Montreal Cognitive Assessment (МоСА) scale for persons suffering from the severe depressive disorders - 23.01 ± 1.15 points. Asthenic disorders were detected in 36.2% of the examined individuals. In the long-term rehabilitation period, patients who have military injuries as the bone injuries and joints damages often require corrections of the cognitive and psychoemotional disorders.

The use of psychometric methods for the diagnosis of anxiety and depressive disorders in patients with a general somatic profile

Aim. To identify and compare the level of anxiety and depression in therapeutic patients with somatic pathology, establish the structure of the gender distribution of anxiety and depressive disorders.&#x0D; Methods. The study involved 126 people: 74 (58.73%) women and 52 (41.27%) men aged 21–59 years. 59 patients had diseases of the respiratory system (chronic bronchitis in the acute stage with an asthmatic component), 67 patients with cardiovascular diseases (40 subjects with coronary heart disease, 27 subjects with arterial hypertension). In 11 patients with coronary artery disease and 13 patients with hypertension, type I thyrotoxicosis was diagnosed. Clinical psychopathological, psychometric, psychological and statistical methods were used in the study. Psychometric tests were used: the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Research; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Taylor Anxiety Disorder Scale adapted by T.A. Nemchinova and V.G. Norakidze, adapted standardized multivariate questionnaire for personality research.&#x0D; Results. According to the severity of anxiety and depressive disorders, patients were divided into the groups: group 1 with severe level, group 2 with a moderate (subclinical) level, and group 3 with mild (not exceeding the norm) anxiety and depressive disorders. Severe and moderate disorders are most characteristic for the pathology of cardiovascular system. In coronary artery disease and arterial hypertension, abnormal (severe and moderate) anxiety and depressive disorders were observed in 24/29 (82.76%) and 20/22 (90.9%) patients, respectively. In patients with abnormal anxiety and depressive disorders, the number of women prevailed over men in the subgroup with hypertension (80% versus 20%, p=0.025) as well as in combination of hypertension with type 1 thyrotoxicosis (85.7% versus 14.3%, р=0.029).&#x0D; Conclusion. In patients, severe and moderate anxiety and depressive disorders are associated with the development of the pathology of cardiovascular system: coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension.

Whole-body Hyperthermia for Mild to Moderate Depressive Disorder

Whole-body Hyperthermia for Mild to Moderate Depressive Disorder

Symptoms of post-stroke depression

The purpose of this manuscript is to present our research on post-stroke depression and compare them to previous observations. Depression is a very common among disorders found in stroke patients, thus there is а high necessity in its research. We have used a contingent of 93 patients in the acute phase after stroke, which were treated at the Neurological Clinic to the University Hospital "Prof. Dr. Stoyan Kirkovich" in Stara Zagora for the period 2015 – 2016. We tested them with The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17) and analyzed the results with Statistica, version 10 (StatSoft, Inc.). We found high occurrence of depression in stroke patients. We tested for its severity and for its different symptoms in order to compare them to other studies and discover which are most common in post-stroke depression. As a conclusion, we summarize our results that among our contingent there are predominantly mild and moderate depressive disorders with reduced mood, sadness, increased psychic and somatic anxiety, insomnia, somatic complaints and superfluous hypochondriac thoughts.