Moderate Awareness Research Articles

Factors Influencing Nurses' Behavior in Nutritional Care for Community-Dwelling Older Adults Before, During, and After Hospitalization: A Delphi Study.

Background To improve nutritional care for community-dwelling older adults before, during, and after hospitalization, factors influencing nurses' current behavior should be targeted. The aim of this study was to obtain expert consensus on which factors influencing the behavior of hospital and home care nurses are most relevant, modifiable, and feasible to influence. Method In a two-round Delphi study, nine pre-selected factors were rated by 26 experts. Results Eight factors were rated as relevant, modifiable, and feasible to influence: (1) lack of sufficient knowledge, (2) mainly neutral attitude, (3) low prioritization, (4) ambiguous motivation to routinely use guidelines and screening tools, (5) moderate awareness about risk factors, (6) lack of sense of involving informal caregivers, (7) ambiguous motivation to follow education and training, and (8) strong focus on medical nutrition. Conclusion The expert panel reached consensus on eight factors influencing nurses' current behavior. To enhance nutritional care to prevent malnutrition in older adults, strategies are needed for targeting these factors in nursing practice, education, and research. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2022;53(12):545-556.].

TINGKAT AWARENESS MASYARAKAT TERHADAP BENCANA TSUNAMI DI KECAMATAN CARITA, KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG BANTEN

The tsunami on Carita Coast caused considerable losses, damages, and casualties. The casualties can be caused by the unpreparedness of the community in dealing with tsunami. This study aims are to determine the level of community awareness to overcome the tsunami in Carita District, Pandeglang. Data was collected by spreading questionnaires to 158 respondents and then analyzing by validity test, reliability test and descriptive analysis. The result shown that the level of community awareness of tsunami disaster in Carita (Case Study of Sukarame Village, Sukajadi Village, Carita Village, Banjarmasin Village and Pejamben Village) was 14% of the total respondents are low awareness, then there are 35% of people have moderate awareness level, and 51% have an elevated level of awareness of the tsunami disaster. Overall, the level of community awareness in dealing with tsunami is included in the sufficient category. The community awareness has increased significantly after experiencing the tsunami in 2018 compared to before the disaster. The socialization was still needed to improve community preparedness behaviors in overcoming the tsunami.

Perception and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) among Dental Professionals in Saudi Arabia

Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the new buzzword that is trendy in multiple branches of dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess perceptions and utilization of AI among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study investigating 389 dental students and dentists from 22 cities in Saudi Arabia using a validated self-reported questionnaire. Results: A total of 49.4% of participants reported knowing what AI is; 44.5% reported having basic knowledge of AI principles, and 42.2% know of AI uses in dentistry. The most common AI information source was social media (66.07%). Out of 17 AI attitude items, 16 were scored above the midpoint. A total of 75.0% of participants agreed or strongly agreed AI will lead to major advances in dentistry. In contrast, 49.1% agreed or strongly agreed that AI could replace dentists in the future. There were no significant differences by gender or region, but students and interns had significantly higher attitude scores than did dentists. There was a widespread desire to take professional courses in dental AI use (69.7%), and some had used dental AI applications (25.4%) or taken an AI course (18.5%–20.3%). The most common barriers to dental AI use were non-availability of courses (73%) and lack of time (68.9%). Conclusion: Dental professionals in Saudi Arabia have moderate awareness levels and high rates of good attitudes about AI in dentistry. However, AI use in practice is limited. Incorporating AI in dental curricula is crucial due to the worldwide digital transformation.

Ensuring resilience through fiscal responses to COVID-19; an empirical study of Mauritian micro small medium enterprises (MSMEs)

PurposeThe official authorities have established several action plans including fiscal support measures to help micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) counter the negative repercussions of COVID-19. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to critically assess the recent fiscal policies endeavoured by the Mauritian authorities in response to COVID-19, to assess the awareness and perception of some local MSMEs of these initiatives, to investigate the extent to which these MSMEs have benefited from them and also, to suggest recommendations to the Mauritian authorities on how to enhance the existing framework to ensure sustainable and equitable development.Design/methodology/approachThis study has adopted both the quantitative and qualitative research methods. Primary data were obtained by conducting a survey of some Mauritian MSMEs, and secondary data were obtained by referring to laws and policy papers on the research topic. Some statistical tests were performed using SPSS software on the primary data to illustrate the research findings.FindingsDespite the laudable initiatives, the survey conducted for this research demonstrates that MSMEs in Mauritius have a moderate awareness of these fiscal support measures. Furthermore, upon being asked whether they have availed of these tax incentives, again a moderate mean average was derived which implies that not all MSMEs have fully benefited from fiscal support to help them in countering the negative effects of COVID-19.Originality/valueAt present, this study will be amongst the first academic writings on the effectiveness of the fiscal measures undertaken by the Mauritian authorities to deal with issues entailed by the COVID-19. The study is carried out with the aim of combining a large amount of empirical, theoretical, and factual information that can be of use to various stakeholders and not only to academics.

Prevention of the Occupational Silicosis Epidemic in Australia: What Do Those Who Assess Workplace Health Risk Think Should Be Done Now?

An Australian National Dust Disease Taskforce was established to address the re-emergence of occupational lung disease, in particular silicosis. Exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) occurs in various industries in Australia. We asked occupational hygienists about their practical experiences and perspectives on RCS exposure and regulatory action. A total of 105 members of the Australian Institute of Occupational Hygienists completed an anonymous questionnaire, which addressed individual characteristics, experience, perceived level of employer awareness, effectiveness of current regulation, and recommendations for improvement, across three main industrial sectors. Based on professional experience, 71% were concerned about the potential for RCS over-exposure. Barriers to adequate exposure control included lack of management commitment and financial resources. The employment of specialist occupational hygiene inspectors was considered to be the most effective regulatory strategy. Given the large number of exposed workers in the construction industry, with only a moderate awareness, there is the potential for significant cost shifting of the burden of occupational lung disease from employers on to individuals and the public health system. A nationally consistent approach to RCS exposure control across all industrial sectors is now recommended, with an increased focus on measuring and controlling exposure.

Evaluation of paramedical student's awareness towards COVID-19 in Thi-Qar

Introduction: To limit the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries have implemented effective procedures. However, it has been noted that an individual’s attitude, knowledge, and practices concerning COVID-19 plays a major role in determining how much they will follow the established preventive and control measures. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness level of Iraqi paramedical student's regarding Covid-19. Methods: This study conducted an online survey of (118) paramedical students over a two-week period using piloted and validated questionnaire. Data were entered into SPSS version 21 for analysis. Contingency Coefficients test was used to estimate of the association between student's responses and socio-demographical characteristics variables. Results: Of the participants, (55%) students provided correct answers, indicating moderate awareness. Only (35%) of the sampled students could correctly define “close contact.” Further, (65%) students knew about the different infection control measures such as respiratory hygiene, cough etiquette, rapid triage, and the importance of a well-ventilated and separate waiting area for patients presumed to have COVID-19. Most students (85%) also knew about clinical management, including immediately executing recommended infection prevention and control measures as well as managing complications in a supportive manner.

Awareness and practice of the principles of circular economy among built environment professionals

PurposeThis study examines the level of awareness and practice of the principles of circular economy (CE) among built environment (BE) professionals in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachA structured questionnaire survey was used to solicit the views of 162 BE professionals working in construction, consulting and developer firms on the issue under investigation. Data were analysed through descriptive and inferential analysis.FindingsThe findings revealed that the BE professionals possessed moderate awareness of the six CE principles (i.e. repair, recycle, reuse, renewable energy usage, reduce and redesign) examined. The findings further revealed that only two out of the six principles (i.e. repair and reuse) received some moderate level of practice among the professionals.Practical implicationsPractically, the findings would be relevant to government, policymakers, researchers and other construction professionals. For the government and policymakers, these findings would inform them on the laws and policies to enact to increase awareness and practice of CE principles. For researchers, these findings will assist in exploring gaps for further studies. For the construction professionals, the findings would inform them of the need to step up measures to practice the various principles of CE in their firms adequately.Originality/valueThis study provides insights into an under-investigated topic in the construction industry worldwide. It offers new and additional insights into the current state-of-the-art practice of CE principles among BE professionals.

Parental Knowledge and Awareness of Childhood Urinary Tract Infections: A Cross Sectional Survey.

BackgroundParent’s misconceptions or lack of knowledge about childhood urinary tract infections (UTIs) can negatively impact their children’s health. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the childhood urinary tract infections awareness and understanding among parents in Saudi Arabia.Patients and MethodsAn online validated cross-sectional survey of parents in Saudi Arabia was conducted from August to September 2021. Study participants who met the inclusion criteria were selected using a convenience sampling technique. A questionnaire with two domains was used to assess parental awareness of childhood urinary tract infection symptoms, complications, treatment, prevention, epidemiology, and diagnosis. The total childhood urinary tract infections awareness scores were classified into three categories: low awareness, moderate awareness, and high awareness. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the data distribution. A chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between parental awareness about urinary tract infections in children and other variables. Statistical significance was established at 0.05.ResultsOf the 1688 parents who completed the survey, 1289 (76.4%) were female, 1581 (93.7%) were married, and 1161 (68.8) had a university degree. Parent’s total awareness scores were high; however, individual domain scores indicate a moderate level of knowledge. Statistically significant relationship were observed between total awareness and gender, occupation, and level of educational level ((P=0.004, P=0.001, P=0.007, respectively). Another statistically significant relationship was noted between the history of urinary tract infections and awareness of disease prevention (P=0.009).ConclusionIn Saudi Arabia, parental knowledge about childhood urinary tract infections is moderate to high. However, future studies are needed to investigate gender, educational, and occupational variations in childhood UTI knowledge among parents in Saudi Arabia.

Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Attending the Outpatient Clinic in the General Hospital in Rabigh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a major cause of blindness. DR awareness is important for early identification and management in patients with T2D. This study aimed to estimate the level of awareness of DR and its risk factors among patients with T2D in Saudi Arabia.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to analyze data collected from 291 patients with T2D attending outpatient clinics in the General Hospital in Rabigh during 2020-2021. We collected demographic information and level of awareness about T2D and DR.Results: Among 291 patients with T2D, 42.3% had T2D for more than five years, and 37.8% had T2D for two to five years. In our study population, 32.3% of participants obtained high school education, and 42.3% had moderate income. Over half of respondents (56.4%) had their last eye exam within the past year, and 68.4% of participants believed high blood glucose levels might cause vision problems. The mean ± standard deviation of the DR awareness score was 7.23 ± 2.74. Most participants had moderate level of awareness (39.5% of participants), 31.6% had good level of awareness, and 28.9% had poor level of awareness about T2D and DR. Participants without DR or who had DR for less than two years and those who had their eyes checked by a doctor last year had a significantly higher DR awareness level. Conclusion: We asked patients with T2D to assess their level of DR awareness. Most patients had moderate awareness levels, indicating a need for improved awareness of T2D complication on retina and treatment options. Patients should also be motivated for retinal screening to reduce the risk of visual complications. Furthermore, DR screening programs should not be limited to eye care centers. Improved awareness and access to screening programs will help patients and their healthcare providers achieve optimal outcomes in prevention of DR.

Awareness of gynaecological cancer and factors affecting in women: a cross-sectional study

The aim of this study was to determine women’s awareness of gynaecological cancer and the factors affecting this. The analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out with 422 women attending a gynaecology outpatient clinic between July 15 2019 and January 15 2019. Data were collected using a General Characteristics Form and the Gynecological Cancers Awareness Scale (GCAS). Descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the Mann–Whitney U-test, the Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman’s correlation analysis were used for data analysis. The mean score for the GCAS was 149.1 ± 0.85. The mean scores of the participants found for its subscales of early diagnosis and information, prevention, risk and routine checks, and serious illness were 15.40 ± 0.16, 21.44 ± 0.18, 26.61 ± 0.27 and 85.71 ± 0.52, respectively. The mean scores for the scale and its subscales had a correlation with age and education. The findings showed that the women had greater than moderate awareness about gynaecological cancers. Nurses and midwives should take account of age and education levels when offering training. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? An important factor in the protection of women from gynaecological cancers is awareness. Increasing the awareness of gynaecological cancer is important in terms of early diagnosis of the disease, treatment and reduction of mortality. Studies have shown that women's awareness of gynaecological cancers is generally above the moderate. There are, however, many factors that affect women's awareness of gynaecological cancer. What do the results of this study add? The present study shows that many factors have an effect on women’s awareness of gynaecological cancer. In particular, age and education status had a relation with the mean scores for the GCAS and all its subscales. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Increasing awareness is very important for the early diagnosis and treatment of gynaecological cancers and reducing mortality. Health professionals should identify the factors affecting awareness of gynaecological cancer and continuously design and implement personalised education programs. The number of studies on the awareness of gynaecological cancer and the factors which influence this awareness is insufficient. It is thus necessary to increase the number of studies on this subject.

Awareness and Influencing lifestyle modification factors regarding Hepatitis B among non-medical students – Efficacy of an educational package

Among all communicable diseases, Hepatitis B is a highly contagious disease affecting the liver. It spreads through contact with infected blood, saliva, and other bodily fluids. Symptoms may not occur for a few days or longer after contracting the virus and unfortunately public has a lack of awareness about hepatitis B and its risk. 2 billion people have been infected (1 out of 3 people) by hepatitis B in the world. Out of this 240 million people are chronically infected and 10-30 million will become infected each year. Up to a million people die each year from hepatitis B and its complications such as liver cancer. Approximately 2 people die each minute from hepatitis B related complications. According to the study report, India has over 40 million HBV carriers and accounts for 15% of the entire pool of HBV carriers of the world. Thus the researchers wished to conduct a research study on awareness and influencing lifestyle modification factors regarding hepatitis among non-medical students in selected colleges at Bengaluru. A total of 60 non-medical students were selected were recruited randomly. A quasy experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design with a quantitative approach were used. A structured knowledge questionnaire and a checklist developed by the investigator were used to collect data. The study findings showed that 50 students (83.3%) had inadequate awareness, 10 students (16.7%) had moderate awareness and none of the study participants had an adequate level of awareness regarding hepatitis-B. and Out of 9 influencing lifestyle factors 14 (23.3%) students had two factors, 11 (18.3%) students had three factors, 10 (16.7%) had one factor, 8 (13.3%) students had four factors, 7 (11.7%) of them had none of the factors, 6 (10%) of the subjects had six factors, 4 (6.7%) of the subjects had five factors none of the subjects had more than six factors towards influencing lifestyle factors of hepatitis B.

Awareness of medical law among health care practitioners in Saudi Arabia.

To determine the level of awareness of medical law among healthcare practitioners and to identify factors that influence that level of awareness in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 2020-2021 via a survey including 750 healthcare practitioners, from different specialties including all regions in Saudi Arabia. Participants included consultants, senior registrars, interns, and residents. Majority of enrolled healthcare practitioners had poor awareness of medical law (approximately 97%). Only 1.5% had adequate awareness of medical law, and only 1.5% had moderate awareness. Factors associated with increased medical law awareness were the age group between 25 and 34, being from the central region, and having a clinical practice for less than 10 years p-value of <0.05. Awareness of medical law among healthcare practitioners is limited in Saudi Arabia. Professional medico-legal education should be part of required competencies for undergraduate and postgraduate levels of medical education. Health care practitioners must be educated with laws and regulations of practicing health professions in the country.

Awareness on mosquito borne diseases among urban & rural population in Northern Gujarat.

It is of interest to examine the awareness and precautions of urban and rural residents on a number of mosquito-borne diseases (MBD). A sample of 300 adult people (Rural 150+Urban 150) was selected from Mahesana district of North Gujarat. Majority of samples (47.3 %) had average, 16% poor and 36.7% had good level of awareness in urban areas. In rural areas majority of the samples (40.67%) had average, 28%poor and 31.33% had good level of awareness. (67.3%) urban population were using mosquito repellent liquids and creams and (68.6%) of rural population were using mosquito net. Data shows that both urban and rural populations have moderate awareness on Mosquito Borne Diseases and majority is taking precaution towards these conditions. Data also revealed that there is no significant difference between urban & rural population's precaution measures against Mosquito borne diseases.

The Relationship between level awareness with decision maker for early screening of cervical cancer

Introduction. Early detection of cervical cancer is an effort to prevent the incidence of cervical cancer. The results of a preliminary survey in Sukoharjo district in 2019 obtained data on the number of women of childbearing age (WUS) aged 30-50 years of 141,649 people, the number of people who were examined by IVA was 4,998 people, around 3.53% of WUS. With positive examination results, there were 977 people (19.5%), while the incidence of cervical cancer in 2019 was 58 people, amounting to 5.9% of positive examinations. Meanwhile, data from the Sukoharjo Health Center from 14,294 WUS who participated in early detection were 458 people and were declared positive IVA tests 118 people (12%) of positive cases in Sukoharjo and 3 people diagnosed with cervical cancer. Purpose The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between level of awareness and decision making for women of reproduction age to early cervical cancer screening. Method The type of research is descriptive correlation with cross sectional data collection using a questionnaire, the sample consists of 41 respondents of women of childbearing age, taken by purposive sampling. Data collection tools and methods used were questionnaires and processed by Pearson correlation test using SPSS 17. Results The results showed that the level of awareness of WUS with low awareness category was 29.3%, moderate awareness category was 63.4%, and high awareness category 7.3%. The decision making WUS conduct early examination of cervical cancer in the negative category 31.7% and the positive category 68.3%. The results of the analysis showed that there was a relationship between the level of awareness and the decision making of WUS to perform early cervical cancer examination (r: 0.293 p=0.000). Conclusion There is a relationship between the level of awareness and decision making WUS perform early cervical cancer examination.

EFL TEACHERS' AWARENESS, PRACTICE AND CHALLENGES OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE INTEGRATED SKILLS TEACHING: FOUR SELECTED ALETA WONDO CLUSTER SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN FOCUS

The main objective of this research was to investigate EFL teachers’ awareness, practice and challenges of English language integrated skills teaching in Aleta Wondo Cluster four selected secondary schools, Sidama Regional State. The researcher employed descriptive survey design involving both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The participants of the study were secondary schools EFL teachers. Multi-stage sampling technique that moves from a broad to a narrow sample using a step by step process was employed to select the four secondary schools and their all teachers who have been teaching English. Cluster sampling technique used to cluster the secondary schools in to three geographical districts. Simple random sampling technique used to choose Hula District of these districts. Comprehensive sampling technique used to select 42 EFL teachers. The researcher gathered the data through questionnaire, interviews and classroom observations. The researcher utilized descriptive statics SPSS V20, frequency, percentage, mean, grand mean and standard deviation for the quantitative data. The qualitative data analyzed qualitatively. The result of analysis revealed that the sample schools English teachers had moderate awareness about English language integrated skills teaching. In addition, the result showed that teachers rarely taught two language skills: reading and writing, listening and speaking, and listening and writing in integration lessons; but they hardly taught any three or four language skills in integration. Moreover, the result of the study showed that there were challenges related to students, to teachers, to schools, and to the national exam. The researcher recommended that awareness creation training should be given to teachers.

Family Physicians and Osteoporosis in Babylon Governorate

Background: Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone illness that occurs in males and females and is widely disturbed around the world. Research show that females are more affected after menopause than males due to decreased estrogen secretion. The aim of this research is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of family physicians concerning osteoporosis. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study started from May to July 2020 in Babylon region. Almost all family physicians work in rural and urban areas in Babylon governorate have been included in the current study. A self-administered questionnaire was collected after taking verbal consent from all participants, with no exclusion criteria. The first part focused on demographic and specialized practice information data, while the second part contained a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) survey. Results: Out of 97 family physicians, 59% scored moderate, 34% poor, and 6% good in awareness response. Regarding attitude response, 76% were good, 22% moderate, and 2% poor. In practice response, 53% were moderate, 33% good, and 13% poor. There was a significant association between place of work and attitude, source of experience and practice, practice and osteoporosistraining course, practice and use of guidelines, and the years of work and practice. Conclusions: Most family physicians in Babylon province had moderate awareness, good attitude, and moderate practice towards osteoporosis. Family doctors working in hospitals had poor attitude towards osteoporosis. Therefore, all family doctors can benefit from training courses, especially family doctors who work in a hospital. Further, the current osteoporosis guidelines must be revised for any mistakes.

Open access in Angola: a survey among higher education institutions

Open access (OA) to research publications is of global relevance, both in terms of provision and consumption of scholarly content. However, much of the research, practice, and models surrounding OA have been centered around the Global North. In this study we investigate how and to what degree higher education institutions (HEIs) in Angola interact with the concept of OA to journal publications through their policies and practices, a country where the end of the civil war in 2002 marked a new start for growth in teaching and research. This study is based on an online survey conducted in 2020 among research management units of Angolan HEIs. 23 valid institutional responses were received of 44 invitations sent (52% response rate). The results suggest that Angolan HEIs have moderate awareness of OA but practical incorporation into academic processes has remained slow, however, this can be seen to be connected to the overall slow progress in ramping up research intensity in the country. Seven of the responding institutions reported to be involved in publishing scholarly journals, all of them OA. Overall Angolan HEIs have few institutional repositories, and have so far placed little value on OA in the context of academic career advancement.

Grouping Student Awareness on Security Of E-Learning Information Using Fuzzy C-Means Method

Many educational institutions have been forced to adapt how they present the teaching and learning process, including the creation of appropriate learning media due to the current Covid-19 pandemic. This is accomplished through the development of an integrated online learning system known as E-Learning. Aside from all of the benefits and positive outcomes that E-Learning can give, there are also drawbacks to student information security, such as assignment theft, piracy of E-Learning, the misuse of passwords by irresponsible students, and other problems. To anticipate this, the researcher intended to group students' awareness of their respective E-Learning information security by using the Fuzzy C Means method. Fuzzy C Means uses a fuzzy grouping model so that data can be members of all classes or clusters formed with different degrees or levels of membership between 0 to 1. The sample used to represent the population is 20 students of STIKOM PGRI Banyuwangi, Indonesia. The results obtained are to find out how well the grouping of student awareness clusters on E-Learning information security. There are 3 clusters of student E-Learning information security awareness. Cluster 1 consists of students with high awareness, cluster 2 contains categories of students with low awareness, and the third cluster consists of students with moderate awareness.

Identifying Barriers to Enrollment in Patient Pregnancy Registries: Building Evidence Through Crowdsourcing.

BackgroundEnrollment in pregnancy registries is challenging despite substantial awareness-raising activities, generally resulting in low recruitment owing to limited safety data. Understanding patient and physician awareness of and attitudes toward pregnancy registries is needed to facilitate enrollment. Crowdsourcing, in which services, ideas, or content are obtained by soliciting contributions from a large group of people using web-based platforms, has shown promise for improving patient engagement and obtaining patient insights.ObjectiveThis study aimed to use web-based crowdsourcing platforms to evaluate Belimumab Pregnancy Registry (BPR) awareness among patients and physicians and to identify potential barriers to pregnancy registry enrollment with the BPR as a case study.MethodsWe conducted 2 surveys using separate web-based crowdsourcing platforms: Amazon Mechanical Turk (a 14-question patient survey) and Sermo RealTime (a 11-question rheumatologist survey). Eligible patients were women, aged 18-55 years; diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); and pregnant, recently pregnant (within 2 years), or planning pregnancy. Eligible rheumatologists had prescribed belimumab and treated pregnant women. Responses were descriptively analyzed.ResultsOf 151 patient respondents over a 3-month period (n=88, 58.3% aged 26-35 years; n=149, 98.7% with mild or moderate SLE; and n=148, 98% from the United States), 51% (77/151) were currently or recently pregnant. Overall, 169 rheumatologists completed the survey within 48 hours, and 59.2% (100/169) were based in the United States. Belimumab exposure was reported by 41.7% (63/151) patients, whereas 51.7% (75/145) rheumatologists had prescribed belimumab to <5 patients, 25.5% (37/145) had prescribed to 5-10 patients, and 22.8% (33/145) had prescribed to >10 patients who were pregnant or trying to conceive. Of the patients exposed to belimumab, 51% (32/63) were BPR-aware, and 45.5% (77/169) of the rheumatologists were BPR-aware. Overall, 60% (38/63) of patients reported belimumab discontinuation because of pregnancy or planned pregnancy. Among the 77 BPR-aware rheumatologists, 70 (91%) referred patients to the registry. Concerns among rheumatologists who did not prescribe belimumab during pregnancy included unknown pregnancy safety profile (119/169, 70.4%), and 61.5% (104/169) reported their patients’ concerns about the unknown pregnancy safety profile. Belimumab exposure during or recently after pregnancy or while trying to conceive was reported in patients with mild (6/64, 9%), moderate (22/85, 26%), or severe (1/2, 50%) SLE. Rheumatologists more commonly recommended belimumab for moderate (84/169, 49.7%) and severe (123/169, 72.8%) SLE than for mild SLE (36/169, 21.3%) for patients trying to conceive recently or currently pregnant. Overall, 81.6% (138/169) of the rheumatologists suggested a belimumab washout period before pregnancy of 0-30 days (44/138, 31.9%), 30-60 days (64/138, 46.4%), or >60 days (30/138, 21.7%).ConclusionsIn this case, crowdsourcing efficiently obtained patient and rheumatologist input, with some patients with SLE continuing to use belimumab during or while planning a pregnancy. There was moderate awareness of the BPR among patients and physicians.

Women's awareness of ovarian cancer risk factors and symptoms in Western Iran in 2020–2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate awareness of women living in the western region of Iran about warning signs and risk factors for ovarian cancer.MethodsThis cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Sanandaj and Kermanshah, Iran, 2020 and 2021. In this study, 1081 women aged 18–70 years were selected as the sample to fill out the electronic version of the Ovarian Cancer Awareness Measure (OCAM) to identify the significant variables of ovarian cancer warning signs and risk factors. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression in SPSS 19.ResultsIn this study, 60.9% of the participants had medium awareness of the subject. The results indicated that participants with higher educational attainment (P < 0.05) and those with a history of cancer (P < 0.001) showed higher knowledge of cancer. The lowest level of awareness of symptoms was associated with acute symptoms such as dysphagia (swallowing problems) most days, persistent bloating, a sense of abdominal fullness or heaviness, and frequent urination. Moreover, the lowest awareness of risk factors was related to the history of IVF treatments and the application of talcum powder to the genital area.ConclusionThe study findings showed that women living in the western region of Iran have moderate awareness of ovarian cancer and insufficient knowledge of cancer warning signs; this suggests that it is necessary to train Iranian women to raise awareness of the signs and risk factors for ovarian cancer.