Moderate Attitude Research Articles

A Descriptive Study on Attitudes toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help among Emerging Adults in a K-pop Fan Community

Emerging adulthood is a transition period between adolescence and adulthood, where most psychological disorders occur. Emerging adults with K-pop music preferences could also join a fan community, which brings benefits and vulnerability toward mental health because of the dynamics among fans and artists. Hence, emerging adults with mental health problems are suggested to seek a professional to get the appropriate treatment. This study aims to describe the attitude towards psychological professional help. Using the Indonesian ATSPPH-SF as the main instrument, 156 participants from a K-Pop fan community participated voluntarily. The result indicated that most participants had moderate attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help. There was no significant difference in help-seeking attitude by mental health information and visiting professional help. This study implies the importance of better education about help-seeking by introducing mental health professionals to the K-pop fan community. Future studies may consider gathering extensive data from many K-pop fan communities in Indonesia

Gerakan Kepanduan Pramuka dan Pesantren: Pendekatan Moderasi dan Deradikalisasi

This research discusses the role of the Scout Movement and Islamic Boarding Schools as agents for character formation and overcoming radicalism among Islamic students. By using a moderation and deradicalization approach, this research explores how these two institutions can collaborate in forming moderate attitudes and preventing potential radicalism among the younger generation. This research method involves interviews, observation and documentation to gain in-depth insight into the moderation programs implemented in the Scout Movement and Islamic boarding schools. Research findings show that the moderation approach in these two institutions includes character education, interfaith dialogue, and balanced development of leadership skills. Apart from that, deradicalization efforts are carried out through a deep understanding of national values, tolerance and intercultural dialogue. The results of this research provide conceptual and practical insights regarding how the Scout Movement and Islamic boarding schools can become effective instruments in responding to the challenges of radicalism. The implications of these findings involve the development of more structured and collaborative moderation programs between educational and religious institutions, aimed at forming the character of the younger generation who are responsible, moderate, and able to maintain diversity in society.

THE EDUCATIONAL VALUES OF MULTICULTURAL ISLAM IN TURATS SIROJUTTHOLIBIN KIAI IHSAN JAMPES KEDIRI

Multicultural differences are inevitable, especially in the academic life of primary and higher education. To accept this difference, one must be plural or tolerant of diversity. In the context of soul education, the great name Kiai Ihsan Jampes is no stranger to the general public. The purpose of this research is to find the values of multicultural Islamic education in the world's scholars of his origins to the extent to which, along with its analysis, as well as carefully studying the methods, approaches, and dimensions of multiculturalism existing in his turats. Methods used This research belongs to the category of library research and uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The values of multicultural Islamic education reflected by his Turats, at least, are the need to treat others with care, tolerance, and compassion, which is not at all compelling in calling for good. The methods reflected in the above turats are methods of contribution, decision-making, and social action. The approach is aesthetic. The dimensions contained are the dimensions of prejudice reduction. This study contributed to the development of religious moderation and revealed that previous scholars have suggested the importance of a tolerant, moderate attitude in order to form an agamistic and nationalist soul that benefits the long-term revival of human resources.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards urinary system stones among the Chengdu population

This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding urinary system stones among the general public in Chengdu, China. Conducted between January and June 2023, this research targeted individuals undergoing physical examinations at the Health Management Center of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital. Structured questionnaires were administered to collect demographic information and assess KAP related to urinary system stones. Following meticulous scrutiny, 1014 valid questionnaires were retained for analysis. The computed scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice were 9.36 ± 4.23 (possible score range 0–17), 37.75 ± 7.20 (possible score range 11–55), and 30.77 ± 4.00 (possible score range 10–50), respectively. These outcomes suggested insufficient knowledge and moderately positive attitudes and practices among the participants. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis revealed a direct impact of knowledge on attitude (β = 0.967, P < 0.001), with attitude subsequently exerting a direct influence on practice (β = 0.167, P < 0.001). This indicated an indirect impact of knowledge on practice. Additionally, there was a direct effect of knowledge on practice (β = 0.167, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the general populace in Chengdu exhibited insufficient knowledge and moderate attitudes and practices concerning urinary stones. These findings underscore the imperative for targeted educational interventions aimed at enhancing public awareness and fostering positive attitudes and practices toward urinary stone prevention and management.

From taste to purchase: Understanding the influence of sensory perceptions and informed tasting on plant-based product purchases - An extension of the theory of planned behavior

Although suggestions to shift towards plant-based diets have been proposed, and consumers have indicated their willingness to reduce meat consumption, there is a scarcity of research exploring consumers' attitudes and intentions regarding plant-based products. Therefore, this study analyses consumers’ hedonic sensory acceptance and its impact on the attitudes and predictors associated with purchasing intentions with regard to various plant-based products. Data were collected from 132 consumers using a validated questionnaire designed on the Qualtrics platform. Statistical package for the social sciences software was used to analyze the descriptive statistics relating to consumers' attitudes towards plant-based products, and partial least squares structural equation modeling was employed to identify the factors influencing their purchasing intentions. The results showed that consumers have tended to adopt moderate attitudes towards plant-based products. They rated their perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and perceptions of the sensory characteristics of these products as high. However, they also reported only a moderate level of satisfaction after tasting the product. The results of the structural equation modelling analysis demonstrated that four factors significantly influenced consumers' intentions to purchase plant-based products: perceived behavioral control, sensory perceptions, attitude, and informed tasting. This study contributes to existing knowledge and provides empirical support for explaining the factors influencing Spanish consumers' decisions to purchase plant-based products. These findings have promising implications for the future sales of plant-based food products in Spain and other European countries.

Navigating the Portfolio Landscape: Examining Lecturers’ and Students’ Perspectives on Portfolio Assessment Practices

This study examined the perceptions of lecturers and students regarding portfolio assessment practices, their overall attitudes towards this assessment method, and the alignment and divergence between their perceptions. Employing a survey research design, the study was conducted at the University of Education, Winneba, in the Central Region of Ghana, involving 52 final-year science education students and five of their lecturers. Students were selected using stratified random sampling, while lecturers were chosen purposefully. Data collection instruments comprised five-point Likert scale questionnaires administered to both groups, ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Descriptive analysis, including mean, frequencies, and percentages, was utilised for data analysis. Results indicated that lecturers generally perceive a clear purpose for portfolio assessment practices (mean score = 4.20) and emphasise integrating them into every educational programme (mean score = 4.40), while students express lower levels of satisfaction with these aspects (mean scores = 2.15, 2.42, respectively). Additionally, lecturers exhibit moderate attitudes towards portfolio assessment (60.0%), while students predominantly demonstrate low attitudes (59.6%). Alignment between lecturers and students is evident in some areas, such as the importance of communicating objectives and providing feedback to students and the importance of this assessment in diagnosing students’ strengths and weaknesses, but discrepancies arise regarding the guidance of students during the practices. The study concluded that understanding and addressing the differences in perceptions and attitudes between lecturers and students is crucial for promoting a shared understanding and acceptance of portfolio assessment practices. In order to close gaps and foster meaningful engagement, it is then recommended that institutions prioritise efforts to improve communication, collaboration, and support for both lecturers and students to enhance the effectiveness of portfolio assessment practices in higher education.

Assessment of Knowledge and Perception of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors Prescription among Physicians in Saudi Arabia.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are a new class of medications that have been proven to improve both glycemic control and cardio-renal outcomes. The knowledge, attitude, and perception toward their prescriptions in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, are still unknown. The study aimed to measure the level of knowledge and attitude toward sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors prescription among physicians in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS 23rd version. Frequency and percentages were used to display categorical variables. Minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation were used to test numerical variables. Independent t-test and ANOVA test were both utilized to test the factors associated with knowledge and attitude toward the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors. A total of 65 participants were included in the study. 26.2% had a low knowledge level, 30.8% had a moderate knowledge level, and 43.1% had a high knowledge level of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. 9.2% had a low attitude level, 43.1% had a moderate attitude level, and 47.7% had a high attitude level toward sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Age, professional status, years of experience, and specialty were significantly associated with attitude but not with the knowledge of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors prescription. While the study cohort scored high in the knowledge and attitude domains of the survey, a large proportion failed to answer very essential questions in type 2 diabetes management. An educational awareness program needs to be carried out to strengthen the physicians' knowledge of SGLT2 inhibitors prescription.

Evaluating knowledge management practices in a hospital pharmacy: A comprehensive investigation

Background: Knowledge management practices in healthcare settings play a crucial role in improving patient care quality and operational efficiency. However, the understanding and implementation of these practices in Oshakati Hospital pharmacy, Namibia, remain unclear. Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to 26 participants, including pharmacists, pharmacist interns, and pharmacist assistants, to assess knowledge-sharing frequency, documentation practices, technology effectiveness, and the overall knowledge management effectiveness. Results: The study found no significant relationship between work experience and knowledge management practices, indicating potential gaps in understanding and implementation of knowledge management strategies. Participants showed moderate attitudes towards knowledge sharing, with technology perceived as moderately effective in facilitating knowledge management. Conclusion: Enhancing knowledge management practices at Oshakati Hospital pharmacy is crucial to address existing gaps, improve collaboration, and elevate pharmaceutical care standards in the region. Implementing a comprehensive health information system and integrating innovative technologies can enhance knowledge extraction and patient interactions, ultimately improving healthcare outcomes.

Dynamics of Religious Thought in Pesantrens in Indonesia: Between Radicalism, Moderation, and Liberalism

This research aims to track the evolution of thought and religious movements in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) within the era of globalization. The approach employed in this study is literature review. The findings from this research indicate that radicalism and liberalism within a pesantren are greatly influenced by its leaders, whether they are the owners, kyai (religious leaders), or senior students (santri). If the leaders of a pesantren tend towards radical views, then the pesantren and its students are likely to also hold radical perspectives. Conversely, if the leaders maintain moderate attitudes, the pesantren and its students are inclined towards moderation, and in certain situations and times, may even lean towards liberalism. In the context of globalization, pesantren in Indonesia are no longer entirely dominated by traditional or fundamental-radical groups. New pesantrens established by other Islamic groups have altered the landscape of pesantren, each with its unique identity. This illustrates changes in the face and mindset of pesantren, which have become increasingly diverse over time due to the influence of globalization.

Kalam science and its urgency in the context of religious moderation (Islam Wasathiyah)

The varying perspectives held by Indonesian society often lead to conflicts between religious groups, particularly when one group believes that safety and truth are exclusive to its membership. It is possible to address this issue by deeply studying Islam and adopting a moderation and tolerance mindset. The Islamic concept of moderation is known as rahmatan lil alamin. Islam's spiritual underpinnings ensure global peace, harmony, and fraternity among all peoples. A shallow understanding of religion causes people to act towards extremes, believing that they are right and others are wrong. The results of this research show that kalam science can be a means of contributing to a person's actions and behaviour in understanding and realising the sense of diversity that is khilafiah, and give birth to a moderate attitude so that Kalam Science can present a context and paradigm for religious moderation, and not be quick to place blame on others. This is because a person with a deeper understanding of religion (theology) is more knowledgeable of societal inequalities in both the religious and social domains.

Intraindividual Conflicts Reduce the Polarization of Attitudes

Societies are increasingly divided about political issues such as migration or counteracting climate change. This attitudinal polarization is the basis for intergroup conflict and prevents societal progress in addressing pressing challenges. Research on attitude change should provide an answer regarding how people might be persuaded to move away from the extremes to take a moderate stance. However, persuasive communication often most strongly affects those who hold a moderate attitude or are undecided. More importantly, barely any research has explicitly aimed at mitigating extreme attitudes and behavioral tendencies. Addressing this gap, this article summarizes research demonstrating that (different types of) intraindividual conflicts might be a means to mitigate polarized attitudes. Goal conflicts, cognitive conflicts, counterfactual thinking, and paradoxical thinking facilitate cognitive flexibility. This, in turn, seems to initiate the consideration of alternative stances and mitigate the polarization of attitudes. We discuss the limitations of the existing research and the potential of this approach for interventions.

The association of perceived stigma, religiosity, and paranormal beliefs in parents of children with epilepsy

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between stigma perception, religiosity, and paranormal beliefs in parents of children with epilepsy. MethodsThe sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 103 parents of children with epilepsy registered at a state hospital in a city with middle socio-economic status located in southeastern Türkiye. The data were collected using descriptive information forms for parents and children with epilepsy, the Parent Stigma Scale, the Religious Attitude Scale, and the Paranormal Belief Scale. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, and Spearman’s correlation analysis were used to assess the data. ResultsThe results of the study revealed that while 78.6 % of the parents were female, 59.2 % of the children with epilepsy were boys. Total mean scores of the participants were 18.48 ± 4.84 in the Parent Stigma Scale, 51.73 ± 14.15 in the Classical (Non-Religious) Paranormal Beliefs Dimension, and 33.89 ± 6.55 in the Religious Attitude Scale. A weak positive correlation was found between total mean scores of the Parent Stigma Scale, the Paranormal Belief Scale and the Religious Attitude Scale (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between the mean scores of the Paranormal Belief Scale and the Religiosity Attitude Scale (p > 0.05). All of the three scales were positively correlated with the age of the parents and the duration of the illness (p < 0.05). ConclusionIn this study, it was observed that while the parents had high levels of stigma perception and religious attitudes, they had moderate attitudes toward paranormal beliefs. While no direct correlation was found between religious attitudes and paranormal beliefs, cognitive inclinations toward religion were negatively correlated with paranormal beliefs. Additionally, the parents who perceived a higher level of stigma were more likely to hold stronger religious attitudes and beliefs related to various aspects of paranormal events. In the light of these findings, it is recommended to design educational programs and information campaigns aimed at reducing social stigma and raising awareness about epilepsy in such a way as to take individual belief systems into considerations.

Strategi Guru Agama Hindu dalam Menumbuhkembangkan Sikap Moderat Siswa di SD Saraswati 6 Denpasar

The heterogeneous patterns of some schools in Indonesia are prone to create an attitude of intolerance. Therefore, Hinduism teachers at Saraswati 6 Elementary School in Denpasar implement strategies aimed at developing moderate attitudes in students. On the basis of these problems, this research is present to dissect the form and implications of the Hindu religious teacher's strategy in more depth. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive naturalistic approach, where the data collection process is carried out through observation, interview, literature study, and documentation study techniques. The data is then processed using the Miles and Huberman analysis technique to obtain valid research results. The results of this study show that, the strategy of Hinduism teachers in developing moderate attitudes of students at Saraswati 6 Elementary School in Denpasar is poured specifically and systematically through three stages of learning, namely: 1) The learning planning stage, where teachers focus on self-briefing that contains the concept of religious moderation. 2) The learning implementation stage, where teachers focus on creating an inclusive learning atmosphere, such as routinely singing national compulsory songs, using cooperative learning models intensely, and actively inserting the concept of Religious Moderation in Hindu teachings, 3) The learning evaluation stage, where teachers use observation techniques to determine the extent of the development of students' moderate attitudes. The conclusion of this research is something that is important to be applied by teachers and schools as a guide in creating a school environment that is harmonious in the midst of diversity.

Preschool children's asthma medication: parental knowledge, attitudes, practices, and adherence.

Introduction: As parents or legal guardians primarily care for children with asthma, understanding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) barriers to treatment and medication adherence is of essential importance. This study aimed to analyze the KAP toward asthma medication and adherence among preschool-aged asthmatic children's parents and explore the factors influencing adherence. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2023 and April 2023. Parents of preschool children with asthma were asked to complete the questionnaire containing knowledge, attitude, practice dimensions, and demographic characteristics. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) was used to investigate adherence. Results: A total of 632 valid questionnaires (154 male and 478 female) were included. Parents showed moderate knowledge (9.49 ± 2.86, 63.27%, possible range: 0-15) and moderate attitudes (26.18 ± 2.51, 74.80%, possible range: 7-35) towards asthma medication, while their practices (27.46 ± 5.26, 91.53%, possible range: 6-30) were proactive; however, medication adherence was low (4.84 ± 1.78, total score: 8). The attitude scores (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.19, P=0.020), practice scores (OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.12-1.21, p < 0.001), and smoking (OR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.14-2.37, p = 0.008) were associated with medication adherence. Discussion: Preschool-aged asthmatic children's parents showed moderate knowledge, attitudes, and proactive practice toward asthma medication. Continuous training and education programs should be provided for parents to improve asthma medication management in preschool children.

Pengembangan Buku ASWAJA an-Nahdliyah di Perguruan Tinggi Sebagai Upaya Membentuk Sikap Moderat Bagi Mahasiswa di Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar

The aim of this research is as a solution to ward off radical attitudes by instilling a Moderate attitude in students through the development of the Aswaja an-Nahdliyah reference book which is important to convey to students in tertiary institutions. This research uses a research design design to develop products, namely Research and Development (R&amp;D) according to Thiagarajan, namely the 4-D model which consists of 4 research and development steps, namely defining, and designing , development, and dissemination. The solution to realizing a moderate attitude in students who are the nation's assets as the young generation is through cultivating the 5 social attitudes of Nahdlatul Ulama, namely Tawassut (being moderate), Tasamuh (being tolerant), Tawazun (being balanced) and I'tidal (being fair) and Amar ma'ruf Nahi Mungkar (inviting goodness and preventing evil) in understanding concepts, analyzing and will be realized in the implementation of attitudes that arise in real life in society, nation and state.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Toward Physical Literacy Among the College Students During COVID-19 School Closure.

To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among college students toward physical literacy during COVID-19 school closure. This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted between December 9th, 2022 and December 24th, 2022 among college students during COVID-19 school closure. A self-designed questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information of the college students, and assess their KAP toward physical literacy. A total of 969 students were recruited, with mean age of 18.73±0.97 years. The majority were male (54.70%), urban residents (78.02%), majoring in engineering (58.00%), and having exercise habits (61.09%). The mean KAP scores were 6.57±0.95, 32.63±4.07, and 27.06±7.23, respectively. Positive associations were identified between knowledge and attitude (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.52-2.66, P < 0.001), and between attitude and practice (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.12-1.22, P < 0.001). A bachelor's degree and being in the sophomore year were positively associated with knowledge (OR = 1.51-4.05, all P < 0.05). Urban residence and being in the sophomore year were negatively associated with attitude (OR = 0.43-0.59, all P < 0.05), while having daily exercise habits showed the opposite trend (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.33-2.57, P < 0.001). Father's education level of high school and technical secondary school (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.37-0.93, P = 0.023) and having daily exercise habits (OR = 3.88, 95% CI: 2.72-5.55, P < 0.001) were associated with practice. College students had sufficient knowledge, moderate attitudes and negative practices towards physical literacy during COVID-19 school closure. The findings hold significant potential for developing educational programs, fostering healthier lifestyles and promoting mental well-being among college students during public health outbreaks.

Development of Multiculturalism Values in Religious Education and Its Implications for Multicultural and Democratic Student Ethics

Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze multicultural content; multicultural content implementation strategy; multicultural content cultivating strategies; and the implications of multicultural content in PAI on the multicultural nature of students at SMAN 4 Magelang. Method: This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. The data collection procedure is carried out in a natural setting, with the primary data source of PAI teachers. The data collection technique is more with passive participation observation, in-depth interviews with school principals, PAI teachers and learning documentation studies in schools. Data analysis was carried out following the Miles and Huberman model, which included three activities, namely data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. Result: The results showed that the content of multicultural values in the PAI book at SMAN 4 Magelang was explicitly and implicitly stated. Multicultural values extracted from PAI materials include Religious Moderation, Equality, Democracy, Justice, and Tolerance (MB-KDKT). The school added the value of courtesy and integrity (SI) which was extracted from local wisdom. So that all values when acronymized become MB-KDKT-SI. Conclusion: The approach used for the implementation of multicultural content in PAI by adapting James A. Banks' theory of multicultural dimensions and the application of hidden curricula. The practice is packaged in the form of developing a learning culture that integrates intracurricular, co-curricular, and extracurricular learning activities in conceptual, operational and internalization levels or dimensions. The cultivation of multicultural values refers to Thomas Lickona's moral domain theory which is packaged in the form of homestays in people's homes for a certain period, joint camps between religious believers and modelling by teachers and school leaders. The implications of multicultural content in PAI are reflected in the form of multicultural content of learners. His findings, theoretically, are in the form of a formal formulation of Multicultural Adab. Practically (its manifestation) is in the form of moderate attitudes and behaviours in religion, as well as equality, democracy, justice, tolerance, courtesy and integrity in the learning process and social interaction.

Knowledge and Attitude Towards the Elderly Among Doctors and Medical Students: A Questionnaire-Based Study.

There is a continuous rise in the total number and percentage of elders globally, and as such, they are expected to utilize healthcare services more often. Therefore, this study aimed to determine doctors' and students' current knowledge and attitudes toward elders and compare those findings with other studies worldwide. The specific objectives of this study were to determine and compare the differences in attitudes between medical students and doctors regarding geriatrics. This comparison will focus on the following four key domains: social values, resource distribution, compassion, and medical care. Another objective was to assess the knowledge of medical students and doctors regarding geriatric topics. This assessment will help determine the necessity for interventions such as educational programs and workshops on geriatrics. This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted by disseminating a Google Forms survey to medical students and doctors. The survey included the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Geriatrics Attitudes Scale and the UCLA Geriatrics Knowledge Test. Data was analyzed using SPSSversion 29.0.2.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). A total number of 126 medical students and 72 doctors filled out the survey. Both medical students and doctors demonstrated moderate scores on the attitudes scale, with overall average scores of 2.92 out of 5 and 2.93 out of 5, respectively. As for knowledge, medical students achieved an average score of 41%, while doctors attained an average score of 43%. This study provides significant insights regarding the knowledge and attitudes of students and doctors and attitudes towards geriatrics. The moderate attitudes score and poor knowledge score across both groups indicate the need for medical educators in Oman to further emphasize and teach about geriatrics in medical curricula.

Attitude towards Spirituality and Spiritual Care among Nurses of Bharatpur Hospital.

Understanding spirituality and spiritual care is a prerequisite for holistic care in nursing. Spirituality is an important dimension of human existence with a crucial role in health promotion. The objective of this study was to assess the level of attitude towards spirituality and spiritual care among nurses. A cross-sectional analytical study design was used among 208 nurses to assess attitude toward spirituality and spiritual care among nurses of Bharatpur Hospital. A pretested semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The instrument spirituality and spiritual care rating scales were used. Collected data were coded and entered in Microsoft office excel and SPSS version 22 was used for analysis. The finding of the study revealed that, out of 208 respondents, the majority (74.0%) of respondents were of age 20-29 years with a mean and SD of 28.2±5.510. Among all, 125(60.1%) respondents had a moderate attitude score of 32-62, 83(39.9%) had a high level of attitude score of 63-92, whereas 0.5% had a low level of attitude towards spirituality and spiritual care score (0-31).There is no statistically significant relationship between the level of attitude and socio-demographic variables. It is concluded that most of the respondents had a moderate level of attitude. In-service education and awareness on providing spiritual care among nurses needs to be focused.

The Effect of Age, Gender and Parents’ Encouragement on Undergraduate Students’ Attitudes towards Learning English

The current study investigates undergraduate students' attitudes toward learning English, and the extent of parents’ involvement in the learning process. The population of this study consists of students registered in the Department of English from level one to level four, Faculty of Education and Languages, Amran University. The study sample selected for this study was composed of 83 students. The researchers used a questionnaire as a data collection tool consisting of 17 items. The statements of the questionnaire were verified and validated. The results revealed that the students have moderate attitudes toward learning English, their teachers, and their parents’ encouragement. This study recommends that teachers use different methods such as blemded learning while teaching English to enhance students' positive attitudes towards learning English. Also, it recommends parents’ active participation in the educational process.