Moderate Activity Research Articles

Relationships between moderate vigorous physical activity, motor- and health-related fitness and motor skills in children

Background: Childhood is an important transitional period for the development of healthy physical activity (PA) behaviours, so it is important to understand its impact on a healthy lifestyle.Aim: This study aimed to determine the influences of sex, socioeconomic status (SES) and body composition (BC) on the relationships between PA, motor skills, motor- and health-related physical fitness in 5–8-year-olds.Setting: Participants were a subsample consisting of 299 children (150 boys, 149 girls, mean age 6.83 ± 0.96 years) from the Exercise, Arterial Modulation and Nutrition in Youth South Africa study (ExAMIN Youth SA).Methods: Anthropometric measures, health-related physical fitness (HRPF), motor-related physical fitness (MRPF), objectively measured PA and demographic information were determined.Results: Only 66% achieved the recommended 60 min of daily moderate vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with 19% classified as having unhealthy body composition (11% overweight, 8% obese). Fat-free mass and SES revealed small-to-moderate influences on the relationship between MVPA, standing broad jump (SBJ; r = 0.32), predicted VO2max (r = 0.28) and beep levels (r = 0.22). For MRPF, the quality of running (r = 0.12) and balancing were associated with MVPA. Adjusting for sex, BC and SES in the relationship between PA with HRPF and MRPF, reductions in most correlations were observed.Conclusion: Moderate vigorous physical activity levels were positively associated with HRPF, MRPF and some motor skills in 5–8-year-olds. Socioeconomic status (lower parental income, employment and education negatively influenced the association between MVPA and fitness [beeps, SBJ, O2max]).Contribution: This study provides knowledge with regard to the use of accelerometer for baseline data for PA, MRPF, HRPF as well as motor skills in South African children.

STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE THE IMPACT OF POST-COVID-19 SYNDROME ON HIGHER EDUCATION QUALITY

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has left a profound impact not only on the physical health of humanity but also on neurological, social, and ecological well-being. Neurological and psychological disorders resulting from the pandemic have negatively affected the quality of learning and significantly worsened learning outcomes among students in higher education institutions. The purpose of this study is to compare the prevalence and evaluate the symptoms of post-COVID syndrome, and to identify their impact on the quality of education among senior students in two higher educational institutions: Poltava State Medical University and Poltava National Pedagogical University named after V.G. Korolenko. It has been observed that damage to the nervous system and the simultaneous appearance of a combination of symptoms including headache, memory impairment, insomnia, anxiety, unmotivated weakness, and excessive fatigue are significantly high among students of both universities. The aforementioned complaints, along with the need for increased time to complete educational tasks post-illness, memory impairment, and sleep disturbances, indicate that the academic performance, psychological state, and psychosomatic background of students are at a low level. Therefore, it is essential to develop recommendations for cognitive rehabilitation tailored to this group of students, considering their significant educational workload (samples were collected from senior students). Moreover, the low and moderate physical activity levels of senior students in higher education may exacerbate symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome, necessitating the development of recommendations for physical rehabilitation. Students experiencing weakness, increased fatigue, reduced work capacity, sleep disturbances, and mood instability should consider reviewing the organization of the educational process, especially in distance learning conditions, and making lifestyle changes accordingly. Therefore, thoroughly elaborated healthcare recommendations and rehabilitation measures to enhance the quality of the educational process should be implemented into healthcare practice.

Patumantanes A-D, seco-Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols with Diverse Carbon Skeletons from Hypericum patulum.

Patumantanes A-D (1-4), four new seco-polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) were isolated from Hypericum patulum. Patumantane A (1) was an unprecedented 1,2-seco-homoadamantane-type PPAP bearing a new 3,7-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.0.01,6.111,15]heptadecane architecture based on a 6/7/5/6 ring system. Patumantane B (2) was a unique 1,9-seco-adamantane-type PPAP with a tricyclo[4.4.4.0.02,12]tridecane core formed by a 6/6/6 carbon skeleton, and the further breakage between C-5 and C-9 decorated patumantane C (3) with the 9-nor-adamantane skeleton. More importantly, compounds 2 and 3 exhibited moderate immunosuppressive activity on Con A-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, with IC50 values of 5.6 ± 1.2 and 11.2 ± 1.2 μM, respectively.

Albifimbrins A and B, a pair of epimeric tetrahydrofuran-containing linear polyketide derivatives from the marine-derived fungus Albifimbria verrucaria CD1-4

A pair of new epimeric polyketides, named albifimbrins A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from the cultures of the shellfish-derived fungus Albifimbria verrucaria CD1–4. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis including HR-MS, 1D and 2D NMR data, together with the CD exciton chirality method. Compounds 1 and 2 possess unusual tetrahydrofuran moiety in their linear molecule structures. The antimicroalgal assay indicated that compounds 1 and 2 shown moderate inhibitory activities against marine harmful microalgae, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Amphidinium carterae and Heterocapsa circulariaquama.

Synthesis, structure of the N-(Alkyl/Arylsulfonyl) substituted 5-(Bromo/Iodo)-3-methylindazoles and bioactivity screening against some of the biochemical targets linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus

The indazole scaffold and sulfonamide moiety have evoked high interest in medicinal chemistry especially in the context of antidiabetic drug development. A series of the C-5 unsubstituted (2a–f), 5‑bromo (2g–l) and 5-iodo (2m–r) substituted 1-(alkyl/arylsulfonyl)-3-methylindazoles were prepared, characterized and then evaluated through enzymatic assay in vitro for anti-α-glucosidase activity and for potential free radical scavenging properties. Compounds 2b, 2d, 2f–h, 2k, 2p and 2q exhibited strong activity against α-glucosidase compared to acarbose (IC50 = 1.30 ± 0.02 µM) with IC50 values in the range of 0.72 ± 0.03 – 1.20 ± 0.01 µM. These compounds exhibited increased or strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and/or nitric oxide (NO) free radical scavenging activities. The compounds were, in turn, evaluated through enzymatic assays in vitro for the potential to inhibit or activate superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipoxygenase-15 (LOX-15) and/or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) activities. An in vitro cell-based antioxidant activity assay involving lipopolysaccharide induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the human breast (MCF-7) cancer cell line revealed that compounds 2d, 2f and 2h exhibit moderate activity (35.5 %, 47 % and 28 %, respectively) compared to staurosporine (24 %). Compounds 2d, 2f and 2h significantly reduced the ROS level in the human embryonic kidney (HEK293-T) cells (65.5 %, 58 % and 48 %, respectively) compared to staurosporine (34 %). The planar benzo-fused heterocyclic scaffold and the distorted tetrahedral geometry of the N-sulfonyl moiety are predicted to facilitate hydrophobic and/or hydrogen bonding interactions to stabilize protein-ligand interaction in the receptors. The ADME analysis predicted that the test compounds have drug-like properties, a safe toxicity profile in silico without any carcinogenic and mutagenicity side effect. Molecular modelling was also used to attempt to rationalize the biological activity of these compounds and to correlate the results of in vitro and in silico studies.

Associations Between Physical Activity, Depressive, and Anxiety Symptoms in Brazilian University Students

ABSTRACT Background Physical activity (PA) has been associated with decreased symptoms of depression and anxiety in the general population, but more consistent evidence is needed in the university population. Purpose Investigate the association between physical activity and depressive and anxiety symptoms in undergraduates. Methods 100 university students (23 ± 4 years, 47% female) were included in this cross-sectional study. We performed multiple linear regression analyses to investigate the association between the main variables. Results The physical activity (MET/min/week) had a significant association with depressive (F(2, 97) = 15.104, p < .001; adjusted R2 = .222) and anxiety symptoms (F(2, 97) = 11.853 p < .001; adjusted R2 = .180), explaining these outcomes in approximately 22% and 18%, respectively. Moderate or vigorous physical activity did not have an association with depressive (B = −0.10, t = −0.700, p = .486) or anxiety symptoms (B = −0.11, t = 0.725, p = .470). Discussion Individuals with high levels of physical activity have lower depressive and anxiety symptoms than individuals with lower levels of PA. Translation to Health Education Practice Increasing the level of physical activity may be a viable strategy to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression in university students.

Convenient synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of new bipyrazolyl and pyrazolopyridazine derivatives utilizing 4‐acetyl‐5‐methyl‐N‐phenyl‐1‐(p‐tolyl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxamide as a versatile precursor

Abstract4‐(3‐(Dimethylamino)acryloyl)‐5‐methyl‐N‐phenyl‐1‐(p‐tolyl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxamide was prepared via refluxing of 4‐acetyl‐5‐methyl‐N‐phenyl‐1‐(p‐tolyl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxamide with dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal. The target bipyrazoles were obtained from regioselective reaction of the latter enaminone with different hydrazonoyl halides at reflux in chloroform in the presence of trimethylamine. The regioselectivity was confirmed chemically upon refluxing with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established on the basis of their elemental analyses and spectral data. The specified compounds were tested for antibacterial activity against gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and (Staphylococcus aureus) using disk diffusion method. Antibacterial studies revealed that compounds 8a, 10b, 10c, 11d, and 14b showed weak to moderate activity against the tested bacteria compared to ampicillin.

Relationship between urinary sodium excretion and bone mineral density in pediatrics: population-based study from KNHANES V 2010-2011.

Osteoporosis poses a growing public health challenge worldwide. While calcium and vitamin D may influence bone mineral density (BMD), the effect of sodium (Na) intake, particularly in pediatrics, remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between urinary Na excretion and BMD in a Korean pediatric population. A total of 2,018 participants (1,084 males and 934 females) aged 10-18 years were included from the data obtained from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (2010-2011). Daily Na intake was about 4,560 mg and 3,600 mg in boys and girls, respectively. The mean intake of Na per day was positively correlated with the increment of urine Na/Cr ratio quartile (p<0.001). The BMD z-score [lumbar spine (LS), femur neck (FN), and whole body except head (WB)] in the group with high Na/Cr ratio (4th quartile, 4Q) was significantly less than in those with low Na/Cr ratio (1st quartile, 1Q) (p<0.001). Moreover, the LS (p=0.028), FN (p=0.002) and WB (p=0.056) in the 4Q group showed 2.0 times, 2.8 times, and 1.9 times greater risk of low BMD z-scores than in the 1Q group, even after adjusting for other confounding factors, such as age, sex, BMI, vitamin D, moderate activity, and household incomes. Our findings suggest a strong negative association between urine Na excretion and BMD among Korean children and adolescents. The results underscore the importance of public health interventions targeting Na intake. Further longitudinal studies are recommended toclarify the long-term effects of Na on bone health in younger populations.

Repositioning of Small Molecules through the Inverse Virtual Screening in silico Tool: Case of Benzothiazole-Based Inhibitors of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (sEH).

Computational techniques accelerate drug discovery by identifying bioactive compounds for specific targets, optimizing molecules with moderate activity, or facilitating the repositioning of inactive items onto new targets. Among them, the Inverse Virtual Screening (IVS) approach is aimed at the evaluation of one or a small set of molecules against a panel of targets for addressing target identification. In this work, a focused library of benzothiazole-based compounds was re-investigated by IVS. Four items, originally synthesized and tested on bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9) but yielding poor results, were critically re-analyzed, disclosing only a partial fit with 3D structure-based pharmacophore models, which, in the meanwhile, were developed for this target. Afterwards, these compounds were re-evaluated through IVS on a panel of proteins involved in inflammation and cancer, identifying soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) as a putative interacting target. Three items were subsequently confirmed as able to inhibit sEH activity, spanning from 70% up to 30% when tested at 10 μM. Finally, one benzothiazole-based compound emerged as the most promising inhibitor featuring an IC50 in the low micromolar range (IC50 = 6.62 ± 0.13 μM). Our data confirm IVS as a predictive tool for accelerating the target identification and repositioning processes.

What are the important factors influencing the physical activity level of junior high school students: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundEngaging in regular physical activity has been consistently linked to improved physical health and academic performance. Despite its known benefits, there is a concerning trend of decreased physical activity among children globally. The study primarily aims to investigate the level of physical activity among junior high school students in Taiyuan and analyse the main affecting factors from a socio-ecological perspective.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 650 junior high school students from 7 schools in Taiyuan, and 648 valid questionnaires were ultimately collected. The data on students’ physical activity levels were collected through the Children’s Leisure Activities Study Survey Questionnaire, and the data on factors affecting students’ physical activity were collected through the Student Perceived Factors Affecting Physical Activity Questionnaire.ResultsIn this study, students from the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades participated in physical activities, averaging 214.500 min per week in moderate-intensity and 25.000 min in high-intensity activities, cumulatively averaging 280.000 min weekly. Notably, a significant disparity (p = 0.012) was observed in the combined duration of moderate and high-intensity activities, with male students engaging more time compared to their female counterparts (307.500 vs. 255.000 min). This variance extended across different grades, particularly evident in 8th graders who recorded the highest weekly high-intensity activity duration (31.000 min) and overall physical activity time (320.500 min), surpassing the 7th graders(p = 0.007 for high-intensity activities). Furthermore, an exploratory factor analysis of a 32-item questionnaire, designed to identify determinants of physical activity, revealed six principal components. These components were found to positively correlate with both moderate and high-intensity physical activities.ConclusionResults emphasize that educational institutions and community programs should collaborate to offer engaging weekend physical activity programs. Schools should develop and implement tailored physical education curricula addressing gender and grade differences. Furthermore, schools and local governments should invest in high-quality sports equipment and facilities.

Antibacterial potentials and DNA study of cobalt(II) complexes containing aminophenol Schiff base moiety

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of substituent groups on the antibacterial activities of 2-aminophenol Schiff bases and their cobalt (II) complexes. Development of new compounds with potential effects against pathogenic organisms has become necessary due to the increase in microbial resistance reported for existing antiseptics and disinfectants. In line with this, new cobalt (II) complexes with Schiff bases derived from 2-aminophenol and p-substituted benzaldehydes were synthesized. The compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR and electronic absorption spectroscopy. Results indicate that all metal complexes had a 1:2 metal ligand ratio with magnetic moments characteristic of tetrahedral geometry around the metal ion. The Schiff bases and their metal complexes were screened for in-vitro antibacterial activities against 6 human pathogenic bacteria usually found around the hospitals and homes; Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 19582), Bacillus cereus (10702), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Kribsella pneumonia (ATCC 10031) with ampicillin used as the reference compound. DNA binding study using calf thymus DNA revealed intercalative mode of activity. The result showed that Schiff bases exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against the tested microorganisms while Schiff base metal complexes exhibited higher antibacterial activity when compared to ampicillin. Our results indicate that these complexes can be employed as active ingredients in development of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents.

Glycoside constituents from Cayratia geniculata

Using various chromatographic separations, six glycoside derivatives (1–6), including one new ent-labdane glucoside named cayratioside (1), were isolated from the methanol extract of Cayratia geniculata stems and leaves. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of the 1D, 2D NMR, and HRESIQTOF mass spectra. The inhibitory effect of 1–6 on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells was also evaluated. Among isolated compounds, 1 exhibited moderate activity with an IC50 value of 59.65 ± 1.85 µM.

The association of resilience and physical activity in older adults: cross-sectional analyses from the NICOLA study

Abstract Aim As more of the world’s population are living longer, supporting the mental and physical health of older adults is becoming increasingly important in public health. Resilience is a dynamic process encompassing positive adaptation in the face of adverse experiences that would otherwise lead to poor outcomes. The aim of the study is to explore the association between physical activity and resilience in older adults. Subject and methods The data used in this study was taken from the results of the Self Completed Questionnaires and Computer Assisted Personal Interviews from the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing. A secondary analysis was conducted on a sample of 4040 participants to examine the association between resilience (Brief Resilience Scale) and on moderate/vigorous physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form) through chi-square and Mann–Whitney U tests and an ordinal regression being conducted. Results Data was included for 4040 participants, of whom 90% did not meet the recommended moderate physical activity guidelines. The findings of this study indicated that higher resilience levels are associated with higher levels of moderate and vigorous physical activity levels. Conclusion Worryingly, a large percentage of the older adult population are not sufficiently active and this is something that needs to be addressed. The findings suggest that with these low levels of physical activity, interventions should be created to target this population.

Structure-Based Virtual Screening for Methyltransferase Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 and nsp16

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic still threatens human health around the world. The methyltransferases (MTases) of SARS-CoV-2, specifically nsp14 and nsp16, play crucial roles in the methylation of the N7 and 2′-O positions of viral RNA, making them promising targets for the development of antiviral drugs. In this work, we performed structure-based virtual screening for nsp14 and nsp16 using the screening workflow (HTVS, SP, XP) of Schrödinger 2019 software, and we carried out biochemical assays and molecular dynamics simulation for the identification of potential MTase inhibitors. For nsp14, we screened 239,000 molecules, leading to the identification of three hits A1–A3 showing N7-MTase inhibition rates greater than 60% under a concentration of 50 µM. For the SAM binding and nsp10-16 interface sites of nsp16, the screening of 210,000 and 237,000 molecules, respectively, from ZINC15 led to the discovery of three hit compounds B1–B3 exhibiting more than 45% of 2′-O-MTase inhibition under 50 µM. These six compounds with moderate MTase inhibitory activities could be used as novel candidates for the further development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.

Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazine Scaffold Based Amide Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors for Bacterial Activity

AbstractA series of fifteen novel amide derivatives based on imidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazine scaffold were synthesized by taking imidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazine‐3‐carboxylic acid intermediates with respective substituted amines to yield good to excellent. The molecular structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LCMS) and supported by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SXRD) for the two compounds, 9 and 18. These compounds were evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity against two Gram‐positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and two Gram‐negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). Interestingly, compounds 10 and 16, displayed comparable antibacterial activity to the positive control (Tetracycline: 6.25 μg/mL) against Gram‐negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.25 μg/mL. Compound 17 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity with an MIC of 10 μg/mL against the Gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, whereas the positive control demonstrated an MIC of 6.25 μg/mL. These antibacterial activities were found to have a good correlation with Insilco computational molecular docking experiments using the receptor UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine‐enolpyruvate reductase, Mtb MurB.

Adolescents’ attitudes, habits, identity and social support in relation to physical activity after the COVID-19 pandemic

This study focuses on adolescents’ cognitive processes, behaviors and social support (SS) as they relate to physical activity (PA) before and after the pandemic. The aims of the study were: (1) to investigate the changes in adolescents’ engagement in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and examine the changes in PA-related attitudes and behaviors before and after the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) to analyze the correlations between the significant changes that were found, PA engagement, and SS. The survey targeted third-year middle school students of Italian nationality, attending male and female mixed classes, residents in urban, periphery and sub-urban areas, living in families with different incomes, and different habits of engaging in PA. A longitudinal study was developed using a standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered in April–May 2023 to a sample of 952 students aged 11/14 residing in the Marche region in Central Italy. Increasing values were found in the post-COVID-19 phase for all the cognitive processes and attitudes, in particular, those regarding habits (0.66 vs 0.50, + 32%) and identity (0.70 vs 0.55, + 27%) related to PA. Significant correlations were found between these values and VPA engagement and between the values of the same indicators and SS (p < 0.01). The strongest relationship was found with the dimension of identity (r = 0.51; r = 054).

Income Inequality, Gender Disparities, and Ethnic Differences: Investigating Allostatic Load in American Adults.

To estimate the association between income inequality and allostatic load score (AL) in adults ages 20 years and older, with a particular focus on the differential impacts across racial and gender groups. By examining this association, the study seeks to inform targeted policy interventions to mitigate health disparities exacerbated by economic inequality. Utilizing data from the 1999-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we assessed AL through eight biomarkers: systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg), pulse rate (beats/min), body mass index (kg/m2), glycohemoglobin (%), direct HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), total cholesterol (mg/dL), and serum albumin (g/dL). Employing negative binomial regression (NBRG), we estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) for a sample comprising 7367 men and 7814 women, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, health insurance, comorbidity, and mental health professional utilization. Gini coefficients (GC) were calculated to assess income inequality among men and women. Findings revealed that men exhibited a higher poverty-to-income ratio (PIR) compared to women (3.12 vs. 2.86, p < 0.01). Yet, women experienced higher rates of elevated AL (AL > 4) (31.8% vs. 29.0%) and were more adversely affected by income inequality (GC: 0.280 vs. 0.333). NBRG results indicated that high PIR individuals had a lower IRR (0.96; CI:0.92-0.95) compared to their low PIR counterparts, a trend observed in women but not men. High PIR was notably protective among White non-Hispanic (WNH) men and women. Additionally, vigorous and moderate physical activity engagement was associated with lower AL (IRR: 0.89, CI: 0.85-0.93). The study emphasizes the importance of implementing policies that target AL in low-income populations across all racial groups, with a specific focus on Black non-Hispanic (BNH) and Hispanic communities. By prioritizing these groups, policies can more effectively target the nexus of income inequality, health disparities, and allostatic load, contributing to the reduction of health inequities.

2,4-dichloro-6-(1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) phenol: synthesis, DFT analysis, Molecular docking, molecular dynamics, ADMET properties against COVID-19 main protease (Mpro: 6WCF/6Y84/6LU7)

ABSTRACT New derivatives of 2,4-dichloro-6-(1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) phenol (DPIP) have been successfully synthesised and characterised using spectral methods such as FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Density functional theory (DFT) approach at B3LYP/6-311 G (d, p) level of theory is used to determine optimised bond parameters and single crystal XRD investigation of related derivatives confirms the structure of DPIP bond parameters. The single crystal XRD measurements and the optimised geometrical parameters produced by the DFT calculation agree well. The FT-IR bands seen in the experiment were attributed to distinct normal modes of the molecule. Frontier molecular orbital computations described the molecule stability, chemical reactivity and charge transfer. Atomic charges determined via Mulliken population analysis on the different DPIP atoms. MEP, which is mapped to the electron density surfaces, has discovered potential reactive sites of the molecule. The reported molecule is used as a potential NLO material since it has a high μβ0 value. Binding affinities were discovered using molecular docking against the COVID-19 major protease (Mpro: 6WCF/6Y84/6LU7). The behaviour of the complex structure formed by the Covid-19 protein under in silico physiological conditions was then confirmed by a 100 ns molecular dynamic simulation which looked at the structure stability over time and revealed a stable conformation and binding pattern in an environment of imidazole derivatives. Furthermore, favourable to moderate anti-viral activity was revealed by an in-silico analysis that anticipated the compound absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity profiles (ADMET).

Occurrence and temporal activity pattern of Burmese Red Serow (Capricornis rubidus, Bovidae) in Baraiyadhala National Park, Bangladesh: insights from a camera trapping study

Abstract No single studies on the Burmese Red Serows, a little known bovid to date yet considered as nationally endangered species, have been conducted in Bangladesh. As part of a systematic wildlife inventory and monitoring project, this study utilized 48 camera traps to elucidate their occurrence, activity pattern and possible sympatric association with other artiodactyls species inhabiting Baraiyadhala National Park. The study found 25 independent serow events with relative abundance index (RAI) of 0.89. The number of individuals seems low, but this is by far the country’s stronghold population. The Red Serows are mostly nocturnal and showed moderate temporal activity with barking dear (∆1 = 0.59) and wild boar (∆1 = 0.62) in this area. Anthropogenic pressures due to tourists (RAI = 4.8) and poachers (RAI = 1.7) were highly evident and must have negative impact on overall wildlife of the national park. The study suggests similar studies in adjacent protected area (Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary), habitat protection and restoration program, and awareness raising program targeting forest dependent communities for long term conservation of this species.

The effect of exercise therapy as a tool for preventing and treating musculoskeletal disorders among school-aged children: a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundChildren spend a lot of time in school, and there are many ergonomic hazards and postural malalignments that put children at greater risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise therapy on preventing and treating musculoskeletal disorders among school-aged children.MethodThis randomised controlled trial included 212 (121 boys and 91 girls) school-aged children aged 13–15 years assigned to treatment (n = 106) and prevention (n = 106) groups, where the treatment group contained individuals with MSDs and prevention group contained individuals without MSDs. In each group, half of the individuals received exercise therapy (50 min per session, four times per week, for an 8-week), and others continued their daily lives. MSDs and physical activity were assessed by the Teen Nordic Musculoskeletal Screening Questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, respectively, at baseline and after the experimental protocol.ResultsThere was a statistically significant reduction in the frequency of MSDs in the treatment group and occurring MSDs in the prevention group (P ≤ .05). Also, there was significant improvement in all variables of walking, moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, and total in intervention groups spatially in students who received exercise therapy (P ≤ .05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the effectiveness of exercise therapy in reducing and preventing MSDs and improving physical activity levels among school-aged children aged 13–15 years.Trial registrationsEthical Committee of Shahrekord University (IR.SKU.REC.1401.022) (registration date: 31/05/2022). Clinical Trail Registration (IRCT20220705055375N1), (registration date: 29/07/2022).