Model Of Socio-economic Development Research Articles

India on the Way of Successful Transformations: Development Model

The study presents an attempt to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the Republic of India’s development model from the time of its formation in 1950 to the present days and to characterize achievements and problems along the path of transformation from a post-colonial, backward country to a state claiming a leading position in the world. It is proven that the country chose an effective but complicated hybrid development model for modernization transformations. The Indian model is significantly different from the East Asian model, it is not like any other, so it is a special type of development model. It has been proven that researchers are faced with a huge transition economy with pronounced contrasts. In particular, a high level of education and a large sector of highly qualified specialists are combined with hundreds of millions of illiterate people and a significant middle class, not present in every transition economy, with mass poverty. The presence of contrasts is characteristic of all countries with transition economies that are developing rapidly. However, India has a feature that is almost unique – a combination of the so-called "three worlds", three socio-economic development models observed in our time. This peculiar “mix” made it possible to rationally use the features and advantages of each of the specified systems at various stages of the country's development. A special model of progress enabled India to overcome (or to reduce) a significant number of the most difficult economic, scientific and technical, social problems, make a colossal leap from colonial backwardness to global leadership, and become an interesting and useful example for many countries. Such a unique combination is obviously not found in any other country, and it largely determines the features of the Indian development model and successful transformations on the path to modernization.

Waqf for accelerating socioeconomic development: a proposed model with focus on Pakistan

Purpose The unique institution of waqf that was ignored during the colonization of the Muslim areas has to be revived to play its role in shared growth, social inclusion and cohesion in society. This research paper aims to explore the role of waqf as an instrument for a sustainable growth system and to suggest a model for socioeconomic development in an economy like that of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative research is based on analytical methods to arrive at the frameworks and a model that could facilitate the revival of waqf for community development/social inclusion in economies like that of Pakistan. Findings As most of the OIC member states like Pakistan are facing serious financial problems due to debt servicing obligations, promoting Waqf for various socioeconomic and cultural functions is a vital requirement for such economies. The inability of the state institutions in providing necessary civic, health and education facilities to the public is causing serious harm to the balance of the society. It requires promoting a formal system of charity and using FinTech for waqf-based donations and financing the micro businesses. The perpetuity complimented by the profitability of the waqf properties makes the waqf institutions sustainable and effective when compared to individual charities. Research limitations/implications This is conceptual research discussing the potential of waqf in light of its historical role. Researchers may undertake empirical studies on awqaf operations in various jurisdictions and their role in the empowerment of the poor. Practical implications The research will provide the researchers with insight into the potential of waqf as a tool for community development. Besides, it will enable policymakers and implementation authorities to socialize charity for sustained benefits and welfare. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first major research that discusses the role of waqf in economies facing budgetary and trade deficits in the eradication of poverty and the promotion of social and economic entrepreneurship in realizing the community development targets for the economies like that of Pakistan.

Cultural aspects of model formation of socio-economic development in eu regions: a comparative analysis

The article reveals the actual problem of cultural influence on the socio-economic development of the regions in the European Union. The research goal is to compare socio-cultural differences, which are significant factors for determining the vectors of socio-economic development of European countries. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the cultural components of regional models of socioeconomic development on the example of some countries of the European Union. The research materials were official statistics and expert assessments obtained as a result of a survey of specialists from various academic research structures on the social network Twitter. The total number of respondents from 9 European universities was 900 people. The research methodology is based on a sociocultural approach, includes the methods of the general scientific group and of special methods: historiographic analysis of scientific literature on the research topic, the method of comparative analysis, the method of sociological survey, statistical analysis, quantitative and qualitative research methods. Based on the empirical study, the following results were obtained: as the main cultural components that determine the specifics of the socio-economic development of the EU regions, the experts identified the historical context, national mentality, as well as value attitudes of behavior.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the “Green” Growth Policy Pursued at the Regional Level in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the effectiveness of the "green" growth policy pursued at the regional level. An analysis of various approaches to assessing the sustainability of the socio-economic development of the region is presented. To achieve this purpose, a comprehensive methodology was used, considering territorial factors and sectoral conditions for the development of the regions. Domestic and foreign experience in assessing the sustainability and effectiveness of the territory development were analyzed. Existing methods for assessing the region stability are studied. An integral indicator of sustainable development of the region is calculated, which includes indicators of economic, environmental, and social sustainability. The typology of Kazakhstan regions has been carried out according to the level of their environmental and economic development for the purposes of developing an effective environmental and innovation policy. It has been proved that the list of socio-economic indicators used in the calculation of the integral index makes it possible to determine with a sufficient degree of certainty the effectiveness of the ongoing regional development policy from the standpoint of observing the principles of "green" growth. It has been revealed that the modern model of socio-economic development of the country and its regions requires further efforts to develop adequate indicators of "green" development that consider economic, social and environmental components in a balanced way. The empirical conclusions of the work can find practical application in the process of developing an effective environmental and economic regional policy.

Формирование модели демографически устойчивого социально-экономического развития в регионах России

Demographic problems in Russia and around the world continue to worsen, which necessitates the study and design of a model of demographically sustainable socio-economic development that is exclusive to each country and has a general inclusive trend. The model of demographic indicators of socio-economic development combines signs of not only exclusivity and inclusivity but also universality, that is, compliance of this model with the imperatives and values characteristics of development. Studying the main processes characterizing the demographic situation in the region, describing the degree of achievement of sustainable development goals, and analyzing the dynamics of economic performance and indicators reflecting the human development of the region – these steps formed the logical basis for creating a demographically sustainable model of socio-economic development at the regional level. Data from sociological surveys was used in the study to find out the preferences and attitudes of citizens towards reproductive behavior and migration as factors that have the greatest impact on the population. The definition of a demographically sustainable model of socio-economic development is given based on a synthesis of the theory of human development and the theory of sustainable development. Qualitative criteria for demographically sustainable socio-economic development were determined (expanded social reproduction, qualitative and quantitative reproduction of the population, reduction of inequality and poverty, formation of a healthy lifestyle, accessibility of the entire population to modern Internet technologies), and quantitative indicators have been determined. The analysis of indicators of socio-economic development in Russian regions and the comparison of data from sociological surveys of the population allowed us to conclude that in modern Russia, the model of demographically decaying natural development prevails. Using the example of the Southern Federal District regions, we assessed the compliance of their socio-economic development with the criteria of demographic sustainability. We also identified the factors that ensure the formation of a demographically sustainable model of socio-economic development in modern Russian regions. The article reveals that in exclusive models of sustainable development, the emphasis can be placed on its economic, environmental or social component, depending on the existing institutional conditions, which does not deny the dominant feature of the model: its demographic sustainability. The functioning mechanism of Russia's demographically sustainable development model requires a combination of state regulation, market self-regulation and regulation through the mechanisms of civil society.

After Post-Modernity: Discussion Points Against the Background of Global Transformations

The transition of the basically local military-political crisis in the Western Eurasia into the real focus of global geopolitical transformations and civilizational confrontation. That has brought to the agenda the issue of degradation of the principles of universalities that were the basis for globalization in both: socio-political and socio-economic spheres thus demonstrating deepening interaction between them. The world is facing the perspective of competition of different models of development and their political and social localization that reflect the specifics of social-economic environment. The fact that global transformations became the result of interaction of the objective and subjective, contextual factors as well as sometimes were brought to reality through the interaction of political leaders brings us to the conclusion that the world is nowadays within the transitional era that contains several points of bifurcation of political nature that in turn drive for different models of socioeconomic development. The sharp nature of ongoing transformations reflects the situation when most of the paradigms and instrumental models that were regarded as axiomatically universal like institutional governance and representative democracy started to lose their relevance as political and socio-political management tools. The same is true about a bulk of global economic tools such as the universal protected nature of economic interdependence and international trade. But all that was the basis for the globalization. The system of global political and economic relations that has resided quite recently in the environment of nearly total universality started to lose synergy and integrity while forming complex localized formats in which political and socio-cultural factors play the leading role ahead of economic basis and socio-economic relationships. The research drives to the conclusion on the possibility of emergence of the two competing models claiming a global status the specifics of interaction between them and the key differences between them.

STRATEGIC GOALS OF THE STATE REGULATION OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN VECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT

The article is devoted to the study of strategic goals of state regulation of foreign economic activity of industrial enterprises in Ukraine in the conditions of European integration. In the future, Ukraine will be part of a single market with more than 450 million consumers, which will create opportunities for industrial enterprises to expand their foreign economic activity and increase their export potential. The purpose of the article is to formulate strategic objectives of state regulation of foreign economic activity of industrial enterprises in Ukraine in the context of the European development vector. This article examines the role of state regulation in ensuring effective foreign economic activity of Ukrainian industrial enterprises and identifies strategic goals to be achieved in this process. In addition, the article analyses the main challenges and obstacles hindering the achievement of these goals and suggests ways to overcome them. Methodology: scientific research uses general and specific scientific methods, including the method of analysis and synthesis, the descriptive-analytical method, the systems approach, the method of systematisation, the graphical method and the method of comparison. Results. Nowadays, effective regulation of foreign economic activity of industrial enterprises is one of the most important factors of economic growth of Ukraine. Many studies have been devoted to the development of mechanisms of state regulation of foreign economic activity, but some aspects are still overlooked by scientists. The practical implications of Ukraine's integration into the European Union are a crucial step for the development of the economy. The European Union is Ukraine's most important trading partner. Thanks to this integration, Ukrainian producers have gained easier access to one of the largest markets in the world – the European Union market. When Ukraine becomes a full member of the European Union and is fully integrated into the single market, it will create more jobs and increase salaries by exporting high-quality products to European Union countries. Ukraine is a reliable partner of the European Union and is working towards membership. This process is not fast, but Ukraine is fulfilling the Association Agreement with the European Union, adopting necessary laws and carrying out reforms for the development of Ukraine. This will help transform Ukraine into a developed country with a high standard of living. The search for new and effective mechanisms for organising foreign economic activity and preserving export potential is extremely important for Ukraine, taking into account the European vector of development in the conditions of a state of war. The article argues for a timely study of the problem of formation of a mechanism of modern regulation of foreign economic activity of industrial enterprises, taking into account the impact of the external environment. It presents a number of administrative, economic and legal methods, as well as a periodisation of the formation and development of legislation in Ukraine on foreign economic activity. It also examines the process of foreign economic activity regulation, which refers to a system of measures capable of combining direct legislative regulation of export and import activities of enterprises with economic levers aimed at protecting and improving the structure of the domestic market. The Association Agreement signed between Ukraine and the European Union shows that Ukraine has opted for the European model of socio-economic development.

Pentahelix Business Collaborations to Increase MSMEs' Post-pandemic Performance

Indonesia, in early 2020, experienced a major impact on the decline in the national economy, including the MSME sector due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine the obstacles faced by 21 MSMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic and to find out whether pentahelix collaborations had been implemented by the 21 MSMEs in the Medan Labuhan District as an effort to overcome the business constraints faced and to improve the MSMEs’ performance in the context of economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic. Business collaborations carried out in MSME recovery programs are often referred to as the pentahelix model. The pentahelix model involves five stakeholders, namely, academics, businesses, communities, governments, and the media. The pentahelix model is a socio-economic development model involving collaborations and partnerships between five different roles. Using a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, this study was conducted on 21 MSMEs engaged in traditional snack and handicraft businesses in Medan Labuhan District as research objects. Data were collected using interviews and observations. Several obstacles were faced by MSMEs in Medan Labuhan district during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fifteen MSMEs experienced marketing-related problems, two had capital-related problems, and four had decreased-sales-related problems. Additionally, 17 MSMEs were found to have implemented pentahelix collaborations involving academics (Universitas Sumatera Utara, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara, and Universitas Harapan Medan), the government (Medan Labuhan District Government, Medan City Government, and the Office of Cooperatives and MSMEs of Medan City), businesses (Bank Sumut and BRI), communities (independent women’s SMEs, Family Welfare Empowerment Program, and Family Hope Program), and the media (Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram). MSMEs in Medan Labuhan District were suggested to optimize business collaborations under the pentahelix model in order to overcome the obstacles posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, each stakeholder in the pentahelix model should strengthen synergy and focus attention on the use of social media to help those MSMEs market their products. Finally, banks are advised to help those MSMEs overcome the capital constraints.
 Keywords: business collaborations, Pentahelix, Social Media, MSME performance.

System dynamics simulation and scenario optimization of China's water footprint under different SSP-RCP scenarios

Under the dual influence of socioeconomic development and climate change, water resources in China are under increasing stress. It is of great significance to comprehensively explore the changing trend of China's water footprint (WF) in the future, clarify the water resource challenges that China will face, and alleviate water shortage and water pollution problems. This paper uses System Dynamics (SD) to build a simulation model of China's WF, calculate China's WF from 2000 to 2019, and for the first time, simulate and optimize China's WF from 2020 to 2050 under the SSP-RCP scenario matrix composed of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). The results are as follows. (1) From 2000 to 2019, China's WF increased to 2009 and began to decline. The main contributors are grey WF and agricultural WF. (2) During 2020–2050, China's total WF under the SSP1-2.6 scenario will always be at the lowest; compared with other scenarios, the simulation result of China's total WF under the SSP2-4.5 scenario is the closest to the actual situation in China in 2020, 2021 and 2022. China's total WF under the SSP4-6.0 scenario is close to that under the SSP2-4.5 scenario, but the numerical variation characteristics of the WF composition are different. China's total WF under the SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios is high. (3) Based on the changes in WF and water resources supply/demand ratio under different scenarios, the SSP1-2.6 scenario is the best scenario to mitigate a future water shortage and water pollution in China. The research results can help decision-makers formulate relevant management policies and socioeconomic development models for water resource utilization and provide decision support for alleviating water shortages and water pollution in China.

Between Development, Growth and Survival: Some Current Features of Iran’s Model of Socio-Economic Development

   In recent years, conservative forces in Iran have lambasted their moderate and pragmatic rivals for their inability to solve the country’s economic issues and improve the living standards of its populace. However, since Ebrahim Raisi won the presidential election in 2021, Iranian conservatives have had their own chance to tackle the country’s internal challenges, being the last of the political forces without direct influence on the economic decision-making system for a long time. Nevertheless, their failed attempts to foster economic growth under sanctions pressure may prove critical to the Islamic Republic. Not only the conservative part of the establishment but the entire political system may risk losing what remains of its credibility with the Iranian people, who could perceive it as incapable of eff ectively managing the economy. Furthermore, the government’s success in resolving the current socio-economic development issues is also pivotal to the political future of E. Raisi. His failure would deprive him of any opportunity to claim the post of the next supreme leader of Iran. Meanwhile, the accumulated structural problems of the Iranian economy and the external sanctions pressure can render achieving economic progress a daunting, if not insurmountable, task. This paper seeks to elucidate why there is signifi cant social tension in Iran, resulting in periodic outbursts of protest, and why the economic situation is deemed a crisis, despite the relative resilience of the Iranian economy to external and internal challenges, as well as the macroeconomic performance dynamics, which are not necessarily inferior to those of Iran’s regional neighbors. To answer this question, the paper analyzes the main economic challenges facing the country’s leadership and the extent to which the goals and priorities of the implemented “resistance economy” doctrine provide an adequate response to them. As a theoretical tool, the author employs the ideas of M. Todaro, A. Sen, S. Smith, J. Foster, and C. Handy, justifying the need for any state to transcend the simple parameters of economic growth in formulating its development strategy and think more comprehensively, focusing primarily on creating a social and economic environment that is comfortable for its citizens. As a result, the author concludes that the model of the Iranian economy that has been formed in an aggressive environment prioritizes the survival of the existing political system, approaching the issue of economic growth as secondary and failing to satisfy some popular needs beyond the basic ones. It is incapable of ensuring comprehensive sustainable socio-economic development, which over time leads to the accumulation of internal tension in Iranian society.

АГРАРНА СКЛАДОВА ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЗБАЛАНСОВАНОГО РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ

The article substantiates the role and place of the agrarian component in ensuring the balanced development of rural areas. Attention is focused on the fact that the sphere of agricultural management is an important component of the national economy, outlines the food security of the country and its regions. It is emphasized that the agrarian component in combination with the multifunctional system-forming component has a significant impact on ensuring the expanded reproduction of rural areas, the formation of an effective model of socio-economic and ecological development of the studied territories. It has been established that the multi-component development of the agrarian sphere is determined not only by the production of agricultural products in order to satisfy consumer needs for food products, but also contrib-utes to increasing the level of employment of rural residents, their well-being, the preservation of agrarian traditions of rural regions, and creates a comfortable living environment for villagers. It was revealed that the basic basis of the development of the agrarian sphere within rural areas is the formation of long-term growth based on the combination and interdependence of the economic, social and ecological components of ensuring the balanced development of territorial systems. In the process of research, scientific ap-proaches to the formation of a system of ensuring balanced development of the agrarian sphere and rural areas, solving problematic issues of a socio-economic and ecological nature are summarized. The study made it possible to outline one's own vision of the formation of the components of the system of balanced development of rural areas, to substantiate the importance of the agrarian component in the expanded reproduction of rural areas. Despite the positive dynamics regarding the growth of agricultural produc-tion, considered through the prism of the peculiarities of agricultural management in Transcarpathian region, the agrarian sphere of the region requires special attention, since the studied management is car-ried out in difficult conditions of the mountainous terrain with its soil, climate and weather properties, and that significantly complicates the situation -these are difficult conditions of martial law

An approach to modeling a region’s innovation activity

Introduction. Innovation activity of the regions in the Russian Federation includes many aspects with their changes determined by various factors. These conditions make it a challenge to manage this activity and require a clear understanding of the consequences from the implemented activities. The paper focuses on the problem to forecast the changes in the parameters in question. Purpose. The paper aims at outlining the groups of regions in the context of their innovation activity and developing a structural-logical model of a region’s innovation activity. Materials and methods. Federal State Statistics data were analyzed to reveal the development parameters of the Russian regions; the study uses such methods as structural and dynamic analysis, cluster analysis, structural-logical modeling. Results. The presentedbrief review of the approaches to defining the key concepts in this area revealed the lack of a unified approach even at the conceptual level. Further analysis of the methods used to solve the problems of forecasting the situation showed that, despite a wide set of economic-mathematical and other tools, it is not possible to directly use previously obtained results in most cases at the regional level. The innovation activity parameters of the Russian Federation constituents were analyzed to identity the groups of regions that differ significantly in terms of the set of parameters in question. The structural-logical model of the region’s innovation activity as an element of the general model of socio-economic development of the region was proposed. Conclusion. Further parameterization of the proposed modelfor the region’s innovation activity should take into account the distinctive features of a particular regional system. At the same time, we believe the proposed model can be the starting point to develop a standard core of the decision making support system in this area.

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) model; impacts and sustainable investment – Global trends and Poland's perspective

In recent years, financial markets have been hit hard by the Great Financial Crisis of 2008, the acceleration of climate change, and now the COVID-19 pandemic. The result of these events is the acceleration of the implementation of a new model of socioeconomic development of societies referred to as the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) model. It has been particularly evident in the financial investment sector. Analyses of the relative performance of ESG funds is inconclusive due to the lack of a clear definition of responsible investments, and insufficient quality of the available data and ESG ratings. However, most of the studies find a positive correlation between ESG factors and company's financial performance. The analyses showed that these positive results are more pronounced over the longer term and impact the stock prices of those companies. ESG funds offer better downside protection during crises in relation to traditional funds. Despite the lack of legal barriers, the Polish economy has experienced very long delays in implementing the ESG model and the gap is even more pronounced in the financial industry. This is surprising as Poland is a very interesting market for sustainable investment given its current underdevelopment and overall potential related to green transformation. In Poland, only 17 investment funds deeply integrate ESG criteria. Educational and communication barriers have been identified as the main obstacles to the development of the sustainable finance market in Poland. Education of all participants in investment processes is a prerequisite for success.

Evaluation of synergy between low-carbon development and socio-economic development based on a composite system: a case study of Anhui Province (China)

Low-carbon development has been the favorite subject with the aim of making a synergy environment. Extensive research on low-carbon development and socio-economic synergy has been conducted by scholars from different perspectives. This paper explores the synergy between low-carbon development and socio-economic development as a composite system from four levels: resource, energy, economy and society, and improves the theory of low-carbon economic development in a "dual-carbon" perspective. Meanwhile, based on the theoretical research, this paper constructs a synergy model and evaluation index system of low-carbon development and socio-economic development, and conducts an empirical analysis by combining the relevant data of low-carbon governance and socio-economic development in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2020. After obtaining the level of synergistic development and constraints of the composite system, the trend of changes in the level of synergy of the composite system is verified by R/S model. It is found that: (1) the composite system composed of low-carbon development and socio-economic development in Anhui Province has certain synergistic effects, and the level of synergistic development is increasing; (2) the studied time series has significant correlation over a long period of time, while it will continue the past development trend. The contribution of this paper is to take the synergy model as the basis and build the R/S model to extend the time cycle of synergy level, which extends the previous theoretical research system of low-carbon development, helps to deepen the theoretical understanding of the synergy between low-carbon development and socio-economic development, and improves the discussion on building ecological civilization and helping to achieve the goal of "dual-carbon".

Toward a Developmental State in Africa: On Rwanda’s Developmentally-Oriented Leadership and Capable Public Administration

ABSTRACT In the past decade, many governments around the world have strayed neoliberal prescriptions to get closer to the East Asian governance model – the developmental state. Rwanda, which becomes a model for rapid socio-economic development in Africa, is considered as one of these states that take its inspiration from East Asia. Using an adapted theoretical framework and a rich dataset, we investigate whether the actions of the Rwandan state compare with the East Asian ideal-typical developmental state. Our analysis indicates that post-2000 Rwanda possesses two central features of the developmental state: a developmentally-oriented leadership and an efficient public administration that proved capable to implement its ambitious vision. We elaborate on the transformation of the development paradigm in Rwanda that goes beyond its ultra-market-friendly approach and its welcoming private sector environment. Our findings suggest that it is possible to reproduce the developmental state model today, leaving room for context-dependent adaptations.

The influence of elites on the choice of the vector of development of the region

The article deals with the issues of typology of regional elites in connection with their influence on the choice of models of political, state and socio-economic development of regions. The author singles out and describes the types of the regional elite (conservative, radical, progressive and colonial), proposes a methodical approach to classify representatives of the regional elite as a certain type based on their financial and property characteristics. For groups of regional elites, behavioral vectors (matrix of vectors) and targets (matrix of goals) are systematized, a scheme for the correlation of the «matrix of goals» (the goal of the elite in the region, an attractive system of power, attitude to the center, the landmark of the concept of change) and the «matrix of vectors» ( planning horizon, migration mobility, negotiability, escalation of violence) in the format of a “compass of elite behavior” (shows guidelines for socio-political development under the dominance of certain types of regional elite). The idea of developing «maps of spheres of influence and interests» of various elite groups has been put forward (it allows for the formalization of resources, motives and intentions, the creation of logical and mathematical models of the behavior of elite groups, monitoring and forecasting systems). The necessity of creating platforms for dialogue between groups of regional elites on the main guidelines for spatial development is substantiated.

Methodology and instruments of strategizing of socio-economic development of the region

The practice of using quantitative models of socio-economic development to fulfil the tasks of regional strategizing is a common trend. However, the significance and the area of practical application, functionality and, consequently, the effectiveness of applying such models in the context of strategizing is still a matter for further research. The article deals with the methodology and the instruments of strategizing which combines analysis, forecasting and management procedures oriented on the balanced assessment and search for the priority development trends in the conditions of increasing resource limitations and external threats. The authors developed a universal economic-mathematical model of functioning of the socio-economic system of the region. The system reproduces the dynamics of the key processes, the suggested instruments automatically form and work out the predictive options for advanced development. Algorithmic technique used for modelling provides the opportunity for effective reduction of dimension of the space of variables for the tasks of searching and analyzing indicators’ dependencies on factors, excluding the need for direct accounting of hard-to-distinguish mutual dependencies of initial statistics indicators and actually reducing the problem to building paired linear regressions of the indicator indices to factor indices. The authors also have solved the task of evaluation of attainability of the declared target landmarks in preparing long-term targeted programs. Using the designed application as the instrument of strategizing of regional development may significantly facilitate the search for and justification of important areas of economic activity in terms of global uncertainty and limited resources.

Бразилия от выборов 2018 г. к выборам 2022 г.: новый внутриполитический курс (2019-2022) и электоральный процесс

The article analyzes the change in the political vector of Brazil in the conditions of the "right turn", which replaced the "left drift" (2003-2016). The circumstances of the coming to power of the right-wing conservative M. Temer, and then, according to the results of the presidential elections in 2018, the right-wing radical J. Bolsonaro are considered. The main directions of Bolsonaro's internal political course are investigated. As part of the analysis of the domestic policy of the President of Brazil, the features of the 2022 electoral campaign, which unfolded long before its official start, are shown. In the context of extreme radicalization of the political process and polarization of political forces, institutional design is being reformatted. The search for a candidate who could represent the so-called "third way" – a moderate, centrist politician – is not successful, and two leaders of the election race will face each other in the political arena – the current president Bolsonaro and the ex-president, center-left Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. This confrontation goes beyond a personal dispute and embodies two different models of socio-economic development.

Арктика — от активов в пространстве к пространству активов

The formation of the socio-economic model of sustainable socio-economic development (both within the general SDG agenda and approaches at the level of individual projects and companies within the ESG) cannot but take into account and reflect the spatial characteristics of those or other countries, territories, as well as those specific areas of socio-economic activity, within which certain specific projects are implemented. The Arctic and “high latitudes” have a number of fundamental features — geographical, climatic, economic, cultural and historical, which significantly affect the choice of composition, structure and approaches to the implementation of socio-economic development projects. The principal peculiarity of the projects of economic activity in this territory consists, on the one hand, in the special properties of specific properties of assets (first of all, their transformability), and on the other hand, in a significant influence of the spatial factor on their composition and structure. The authors’ point of view is that it is inappropriate to consider and analyze the Arctic projects within the local framework of narrowly focused economic activities for the development, extraction, production, catching and other certain natural resources. Expanding the spatial framework of these projects allows us to analyze the processes of creating and implementing a set of socio-economic effects (“social value”) in the interests of not only the recipients of remote stages of the chain of creation of products and services, but also those who are at its very beginning (directly in the Arctic).

Точки роста в экономической политике современной России в условиях внешних ограничений

The state economic policy is a tool for stabilizing the socio-economic state of the country. The challenges that Russia is currently facing require profound and fundamental changes from the state's economic policy. The new reality in which our population and households live causes large-scale and structural changes in the country, forming a new model of socio-economic development of society. Profound changes in economic policy should lead to its optimization and the comprehensive impact of all its components on the development of the real sector of the national economy.