Model Of Self Research Articles

The Narrative Identity Structure Model (NISM)

In this article, I provide an overview of the Narrative Identity Structure Model (NISM). NISM offers a framework for understanding how life stories are represented internally (cognitively) and how elements of these stories are expressed externally (through writing, conversation, etc.). Within a narrator, there exist numerous life stories, with each story corresponding to a recurrent context (i.e., a social role) relevant to the life in question. Contextualized life stories share mutually constituted relations with the generalized life story, which works to establish a sense of differentiation and continuity across, rather than within, contexts. Furthermore, when elements of the storied self are expressed, these expressions are an inseparable combination of internal representations and elements of the immediate and broader social and cultural milieu. Thus, along with at least two dimensions (viz. internal structure and social expression), NISM is a highly contextualized conceptual model of the storied self.

Counterfeit self: A confirmatory factor analysis among Indonesians

It is questionable whether counterfeiting in many areas of life contributes to unethical behavior to a wider extent. If the notion is supported by data, then the moral damage in a society could be prevented by reducing the counterfeit self and behavior to a bare minimum. This study aimed at empirically testing the measurement model of counterfeit self of Wood et al. (2008) among Indonesians as well as theoretically reviewing counterfeit self roles in unethical behavior. The participants of this study were 1,655 high school students (764 males, 891 females; Mage = 15.76 years old; SDage = 1.08 years) recruited through a purposive sampling technique in North Sumatera and West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The data analysis technique used was Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The results showed that the counterfeit self model—comprised of counterfeit self dimensions, namely Self-alienation (ALIEN), Inauthentic Living (LIVE), and Accepting External Influence (EXT)—was supported by the empirical data. However, the dimension of EXT could not be represented by its indicators. The study contributed to the psychological body of knowledge that the EXT dimension might need to be excluded from the measurement of counterfeit self on teenagers, especially in Indonesia and other Eastern countries.

Effects of consistency between self and in‐group on children's views of self, groups, and abilities

AbstractChildren's developing views of self and in‐groups inevitably conflict at points during childhood (e.g., a girl who thinks of herself as strong encounters the gender stereotype that girls are weak). How are self and group views reconciled in such cases? To test hypotheses based on Greenwald et al.'s model of self, group, and attribute relations, children (N = 107; ages 7–12; M = 9 years, 6 months) were assigned to novel social groups, denoted by red and blue t‐shirts, in their classrooms. Across 3 weeks, children completed three novel tasks and received false feedback on personal and group task performance, producing a between‐subjects experimental design in which children received either consistent or inconsistent self and group feedback. Immediately after receiving feedback, children answered questions about the particular task. Finally, upon completion of all three manipulations, children completed measures of views of the self and novel groups. As predicted, children's views of the tasks, self, and groups were influenced by feedback. Unexpectedly, children viewed themselves as more similar to the in‐group than out‐group irrespective of feedback consistency. Furthermore, children developed in‐group biased attitudes, but these biases were largely unrelated to feedback.

Hundertwasser - Inspiration for Environmental Ethics: Reformulating the Ecological Self

This article analyses and interprets the works of Friedensreich Hundertwasser (1928-2000) as a source of inspiration for environmental ethics and offers an extended model of the Ecological Self based on an interpretation of his works. Hundertwasser was a prominent Jewish-Austrian artist and environmental activist, yet despite his commitment to environmental issues, he has not received the attention he deserves from the environmental ethics community. His works and writings suggest a critique and reformulation of the well-known concept of the Ecological Self. This concept implies that humans are essentially embedded in the natural world - that the Self is porous and open rather than disengaged and atomistic. This article suggests an alternative, holistic and extended version of this concept. It assesses and incorporates additional layers found between humans and nature - clothing, architecture, urban environments, and social and political environments.

Perspective matters: The internal/external frame of reference model for self- and peer ratings of achievement

The internal/external frame of reference (I/E) model posits that students' academic self-concept in one domain (e.g., math) is positively associated with achievement in the same domain but negatively associated with achievement in a comparison domain (e.g., English). Whereas academic self-concept encompasses self-ratings of achievement, peer academic reputation (PAR) encompasses peer ratings of the same achievement and PAR was shown to have an incremental predictive effect on a range of positive academic outcomes. Considering the importance of PAR, we hypothesized that the I/E model would also apply to PAR both as predictor and as outcome. We tested this hypothesis in a sample of 850 seventh-grade students in 47 classes in math and English. Therein, PAR was measured in a round-robin design where students rated each classmate's level of achievement. We tested I/E models with academic self-concept and PAR as outcomes. Results supported the I/E model for academic self-concept as outcome with academic achievement and PAR as predictor but not for PAR as outcome with achievement as predictor. For PAR as outcome, the effects across domains were positive rather than negative. These results were consistent across replications over three years using the same sample. Thus, whereas academic self-concept was characterized by contrasts between domains, PAR was characterized by assimilation between domains.

Model of self assembled monolayer based molecular diodes made of ferrocenyl-alkanethiols

There has been significant work investigating the use of self assembled monolayers (SAMs) made of ferrocenyl terminated alkanethiols for realizing molecular diodes, leading to remarkably large forward-to-reverse current rectification ratios. In this study, we use a multiband barrier tunneling model to examine the electrical properties of SAM-based molecular diodes made of HSC9Fc, HSC11Fc, and HSCiFcC13−i (0 ≤ i ≤ 13). Using our simple physical model, we reproduce the experimental data of charge transport across various ferrocenyl substituted alkanethiols performed by Nijhuis, Reus, and Whitesides [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 18386–184016 (2010)] and Yuan et al. [Nat. Commun. 6, 6324 (2015)]. Especially, the model allows predicting the rectification direction in HSCiFcC13−i (0 ≤ i ≤ 13) based molecular diodes depending on the position of the ferrocenyl (Fc) moiety within the molecules. We show that the asymmetry of the barrier length at both sides of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital of the ferrocenyl moiety strongly contributes to the rectifying properties of ferrocenyl-alkanethiol based molecular junctions. Furthermore, our results reveal that bound and quasi-bound states play an important role in the charge transport.

A theory for aftercare of human trafficking survivors for nursing practice in low resource settings

Research on aftercare for human trafficking survivors highlights the limited knowledge of the needs of survivors; the evaluation of current aftercare; and the process of recovery navigated by the survivor in aftercare (Oram et al., 2012; Locke, 2010; Hacker & Cohen, 2012). Furthermore there has been a transition in aftercare where the victim or survivor, who before was seen as a passive victim of circumstance of their life and in need of therapeutic intervention, is now seen as having an active role in their recovery, thus facilitating recovery (Hacker & Cohen, 2012). The need for a theory grounded in survivor's voices therefore motivated this grounded theory study underpinned by Freire's (1970) Pedagogy of the oppressed. The aim of the theory is to inform nursing care of human trafficking survivors in low resource settings. The findings elicit a theoretical model of the renewed self, and the conditions that facilitate this process in care of human trafficking survivors. The recommendations of this paper may improve the nursing care provided to human trafficking survivors and equip nurses and other health professionals with the knowledge and skills to promote the renewing of human trafficking survivors.

Attachment and relationship satisfaction among first married, remarried, and post‐divorce relationships

AbstractThis study examined relationship satisfaction and adult attachment in a sample of 562 participants: 340 in a first marriage (60.5%); 122 separated/divorced from their first spouse (21.7%); and 100 in a second marriage (17.8%). For participants in a relationship (dating or married), findings indicated no differences between groups on relationship satisfaction; instead, attachment served as a better predictor of satisfaction. Further, no differences existed when comparing first‐ and second‐married participants on attachment. Differences existed between separated/divorced participants and first‐ and second‐married participants on most attachment indexes; similarities existed between separated/divorce and second‐married participants on levels of preoccupation and model of self. When comparing non‐dating and dating separated/divorced participants, dating participants reported higher secure attachment and models of others and lower fearful attachment. Clinical and research implications will be discussed.Practitioner points Contrary to most extant literature, attachment styles and behaviour may be a better predictor of relationship satisfaction than relationship type (e.g. first vs. second marriage) Consider the important role of attachment within relationships throughout adulthood and how attachment styles may differ in different types of relationships Attachment frameworks should be used when developing interventions for couples to increase relationship satisfaction and attachment security

Review of A. A. Long, Greek Models of Mind and Self

Review of A. A. Long, Greek Models of Mind and Self

Cartesianism and Intersubjectivity inParanormal Activityand the Philosophy of Mind

Over the last century within the philosophy of mind, the intersubjective model of self has gained traction as a viable alternative to the oft-criticised Cartesian solipsistic paradigm. These two models are presented as incompatible inasmuch as Cartesians perceive other minds as “a problem” for the self, while intersubjectivists insist that sociality is foundational to selfhood. This essay uses the Paranormal Activity series (2007–2015) to explore this philosophical debate. It is argued that these films simultaneously evoke Cartesian premises (via found-footage camerawork), and intersubjectivity (via an ongoing narrative structure that emphasises connections between the characters, and between each film). The philosophical debates illuminate premises on which the series’ story and horror depends. Moreover, Paranormal Activity also sheds light on the theoretical debate: the series brings those two paradigms together into a coherent whole, thereby suggesting that the two models are potentially compatible. By developing a combined model, scholars working in the philosophy of mind might better account for the different aspects of self-experience these paradigms focus on.

Mathematical Modeling of Self-Oscillations in a Rijke’s Tube with Variable Heat Flow Power

In this paper the mathematical model of self - oscillation in Rijke's tube is found. We introduce the characteristic of the pressure of the heat supply. Using the energy equation in the form of the first law of thermodynamics to flow defined mechanisms of thermoacoustic instability in this problem. Using the pressure characteristic of the supply of heat and the classical Lyapunov’s theory of stability defines the conditions for self-excitation of oscillation. It was found that when the increasing combustion delay the harmonic self-oscillations of the "singing" flame are converted to the relaxation oscillations.

Notes on ‘Self-Realization: An Ecological Approach to Being in the World’

How to conceive and experience one’s self is the linchpin for achieving an efficacious environmental philosophy. Naess was among the first to put the question of self at the center of environmental philosophy and laid cautious claim to ‘introduce … a concept of ecological self’ for the first time. Naess’ ‘ecological self’ is vitiated by at least four flaws: (i) an eclectic and mutually inconsistent set of informative sources (Freud, Fromm, William James; Mohandas Ghandhi and Advaita Vedanta); (ii) a narrow conception of ethics drawn principally from Kant; (iii) inattention to state-of-the-art ecology (the science) as a model for an ecological self; (iv) reinforcing rather than deconstructing the insidious notion of self as substance. A self resonant with ecology would posit the self as a knot, nexus, or node in a skein of social and environmental relationships. Such relationships are internal. The classical antecedent of such an ecological self is not the Hindu Ātman/Brahman—the universal substance in all—as per Naess, but the Buddhist Anātman or Anattā (No-self)/Śūnyatā (Emptiness). In the hybrid philosophical expression of Japanese Buddhism by members of the Kyoto School, the core of the internally related ecological self is the topos of mu.

Considering Attachment and Partner Perceptions in the Prediction of Physical and Emotional Sexual Satisfaction

IntroductionAttachment theory provides a framework for understanding sexual satisfaction; in general, research suggests that attachment anxiety and avoidance are associated with decreased sexual satisfaction. Given their different working models of self and other, perceptions of the partner's level of satisfaction might differentially influence people's own perceptions of satisfaction based on their attachment avoidance and anxiety. AimTo examine the predictive value of attachment anxiety and avoidance and perceptions of partner satisfaction in predicting physical and emotional satisfaction after sexual interactions in two studies. MethodsParticipants (study 1, n = 52; study 2, n = 144) completed a one-time survey containing a measurement of attachment and then reported on their physical and emotional sexual satisfaction after each sexual interaction over the course of 2 to 3 weeks. Main Outcome MeasuresThe Experiences in Close Relationships Scale–Revised was completed during the one-time survey, and ratings of personal physical and emotional sexual satisfaction (studies 1 and 2) and perceptions of partner's physical and emotional satisfaction were completed after sexual interactions (study 2). ResultsGreater attachment avoidance was associated with lesser physical and emotional satisfaction. Moreover, when perceiving the partner to be emotionally satisfied, people with more attachment avoidance reported less emotional satisfaction for themselves. For greater attachment anxiety, greater perceived partner satisfaction (physical and emotional) predicted greater personal satisfaction of the two types. ConclusionThe findings support attachment theory as a valuable lens through which to study sexual satisfaction. Moreover, the results suggest that it is important to consider perceptions of partner sexual satisfaction in understanding the sexual satisfaction of people who demonstrate attachment anxiety and avoidance.

“I’m not a businessman, I’m a business, man”

This article discusses personal branding, a performance genre that many job seekers in the United States are told to master in order to get a job. I discuss the specific techniques you are supposed to use to brand yourself, some of the origins of these techniques, and the reasons why people find it challenging to put these techniques into practice. I analyze the self that personal branding assumes everyone should be able to present to others by deploying a set of semiotic practices meant to create the impression of a coherent authentic self. Personal branding is treated as a lens into some lived dilemmas that emerge when one tries to put a model of a neoliberal self into practice, with special attention drawn to the tension between flexibility and legibility.

Psycho-social work dependency: a dualistic model and profile

Purpose– Many people feel a connection to their work that could best be described as a dependency, due to its intensity and importance to their overall self-concept. It is likely that psychological and social needs play a profound role in the connection people feel to their work; however, the explanatory power of these factors has been neglected in the literature, particularly with regard to cultural perspectives. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– To address this deficiency, the authors propose a profile multidimensional construct referred to as psycho-social work dependency, drawing on the Mandala model of self (Hwang, 2011b) and the Chinese composite self (Lu, 2003). The authors also developed a psychometrically sound 16-item questionnaire, the psycho-social work dependency scale, to measure this construct. A total of 1,314 valid questionnaires were obtained from employees in Taiwan to verify the reliability and validity of the instrument. Cross-validation was conducted using an independent sample of 278 valid questionnaires.Findings– The results indicate good reliability and validity. What follows is a discussion of four types of psycho-social work dependency: strong, loose, direct, and indirect. Implications and suggestions for future research are also presented.Originality/value– A cultural-inclusive construct-psycho-social work dependency was developed to best delineate the connections between Chinese employees and their work. This study expounded the definition, structure, measurement scale, and profile of psycho-social work dependency. These results could help OB researchers and practitioners to know more about the connections between employees and their work, especially for Chinese workers. This new construct may also stir up more studies to investigate the role of psycho-social work dependency in the workplace.

Rekindling individualism, consuming emotions: Constructing “psytizens” in the age of happiness

Happiness has become a new moral regime in neoliberal societies that defines what is right and wrong and stresses the insource of responsibility. More importantly, happiness stands out as a new model of selfhood that aligns with the neoliberal ideology of individualism and consumerism at the same time that legitimizes and rekindles this same ideology in seemingly nonideological terms through the discourse of science. The paper claims that this model of selfhood turns citizens into psytizens, that is, into psychological clients whose full functionality as individuals is largely tied to the pursuing, consuming, and development of their own happiness. The paper analyzes this notion of psytizen and its three main features, comments upon the happiness industry that simultaneously presupposes and targets this model of selfhood, and examines the role that happiness studies, in general, and positive psychology, in particular, play in shaping this emerging notion of citizenship.

Invariant asymmetry renews the lymphatic vasculature during homeostasis.

BackgroundThe lymphatic vasculature regulates tissue physiology and immunity throughout life. The self renewal mechanism that maintains the lymphatic vasculature during conditions of homeostasis is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cellular mechanism of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) self renewal and lymphatic vessel maintenance.MethodsInductive genetic techniques were used to label LECs with tandem dimer tomato (tdT) in adult mice. Two types of studies were performed, those with high dose inductive conditions to label nearly all the lymphatic vessels and studies with low dose inductive conditions to stochastically label individual clones or small populations of LECs. We coupled image guidance techniques and live fluorescence microscopy imaging with lineage tracing to track the fate of entire tdT+ cutaneous lymphatic vessels or the behavior of individual or small populations of LECs over 11 months. We tracked the fate of 110 LEC clones and 80 small LEC populations (clusters of 2–7 cells) over 11 months and analyzed their behavior using quantitative techniques.ResultsThe results of the high dose inductive studies showed that the lymphatic vessels remained tdT+ over 11 months, suggesting passage and expression of the tdT transgene from LEC precursors to progenies, an intrinsic model of self- renewal. Interestingly, the morphology of tdT+ lymphatic vasculature appeared relatively stable without significant remodeling during this time period. By following the behavior of labeled LEC clones or small populations of LECs individually over 11 months, we identified diverse LEC fates of proliferation, quiescence, and extinction. Quantitative analysis of this data revealed that the average lymphatic endothelial clone or small population remained stable in size despite diverse individual fates.ConclusionThe results of these studies support a mechanism of invariant asymmetry to self renew the lymphatic vasculature during homeostasis. These original findings raise important questions related to the plasticity and self renewal properties that maintain the lymphatic vasculature during life.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0964-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Beyond Authoritarian Personality: The Culture-Inclusive Theory of Chinese Authoritarian Orientation.

In a dyad interaction, respecting and obeying those with high status (authority) is highly valued in Chinese societies. Regarding explicit behaviors, Chinese people usually show respect to and obey authority, which we call authoritarian orientation. Previous literature has indicated that Chinese people have a high degree of authoritarian personality, which was considered a national character. However, under Confucian relationalism (Hwang, 2012a), authoritarian orientation is basically an ethical issue, and thus, should not be reduced to the contention of authoritarian personality. Based on Yang's (1993) indigenous conceptualization, Chien (2013) took an emic bottom-up approach to construct an indigenous model of Chinese authoritarian orientation; it represents a “culture-inclusive theory.” However, Chien's model lacks the role of agency or intentionality. To resolve this issue and to achieve the epistemological goal of indigenous psychology (that is, “one mind, many mentalities”), this paper took the “cultural system approach” (Hwang, 2015b) to construct a culture-inclusive theory of authoritarian orientation in order to represent the universal mind of human beings as well as the mentalities of people in a particular culture. Two theories that reflect the universal mind, the “Face and Favor model” (Hwang, 1987) and the “Mandala Model of Self” (Hwang, 2011a,c), were used as analytical frameworks for interpreting Chien's original model. The process of constructing the culture-inclusive theory of authoritarian orientation may represent a paradigm for the construction of indigenous culture-inclusive theories while inspiring further development. Some future research directions are proposed herein.

Sanctuary in a residential treatment center: creating a therapeutic community of hope countering violence

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present insights into how and why the Sanctuary and SELF models are effective in decreasing trauma symptoms with a population of court-committed male adolescents in a residential treatment program. The Sanctuary model is a trauma-focussed, trauma-sensitive, organizational change model, and treatment protocol approach to working with clients who have experienced trauma, loss, and toxic stress to the degree that they interfere with social and personal functioning. The SELF model within Sanctuary is a treatment protocol that is an acronym for the organizing categories of safety, emotion management, loss, and the future. In essence, Sanctuary’s purpose is to create therapeutic community. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative research methods of observation of groups and meetings, content analysis of existing quantitative data and agency documents, focus groups with staff and residents, and individual interviews with staff were utilized. Findings – Data show that the Sanctuary model ameliorates the symptoms of complex trauma. The substantive theory that emerges is that relational and neurological integration and recovery occur in the lives of residents as shaped first by the therapeutic community that supports the level of interpersonal relationships experienced with staff within a therapeutic milieu, along with shaping the organizational culture. Research limitations/implications – As a complex intervention, it is evident that reducing the Sanctuary model into its component parts cannot capture fully the essence of the intervention. A complex system can never be understood fully by observing it at single points in time. Practical implications – It is suggested that future research and programmatic planning within this therapeutic community need to demonstrate how to continue enhancing staff-resident relational integration vis-à-vis staff training and vehicles that offer residents more of a representative voice while in placement. Social implications – It is suggested that future research and programmatic planning within this agency need to demonstrate how to continue enhancing staff-resident trauma-informed therapeutic milieus and relational integration vis-à-vis staff training and vehicles that offer residents more of a representative voice while in placement. Originality/value – This is a unique study in that it employs qualitative methods to explore how and why the Sanctuary model contributes to its working in a residential treatment facility. The Sanctuary model is the only trauma-informed organizational intervention of its kind, with limited published evaluations in the current literature (Esaki et al., 2013). This study used focus groups with residents and staff that allowed them to influence the research and its processes. The residents expressed their views about the experience of being placed outside of their homes and of living in a therapeutic community within the Sanctuary Network. Staff spoke of aspects of working in a trauma-informed milieu and its effect on clients, colleagues, and the organization as a whole.

Aging and Loss: Mourning and Maturity in Contemporary Japan by Jason Danely (review)

Jason Danely, Aging and Loss: Mourning and Maturity in Contemporary Japan. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2014. 246 pp.In this timely ethnographic contribution, Jason Danely zooms in on what it means to be under condition of Japan's so-called low-fertility, aging society problem (3). Aging and Loss: Mourning and Maturity in Contemporary Japan tells a story of old people, old things, and old places in a brand new light. It is a story of stories as well, orchestrating diverse narratives of aged subjectivity emanating from these people, things, and places. Arguing that the sociopolitical and economic conditions of contemporary urban Japan are producing aged subjectivities suspended between abandonment and hope (133), Danely's powerful storytelling seizes this suspended subjectivity as it haunts ordinary (71). He draws our attention to shades of this death-in-life, which do not exist on margins of Japanese society, but fill up its most intimate of everyday experience (142). Danely tells readers that older Japanese adults with whom he worked say that old people like themselves are more closely associated with rituals of memorialization and mourning than are younger people (and their own past, younger selves). Seeing themselves closely aligned with world of spirits and ancestors, they participate in these rituals of interstitiality, constituting themselves as an interface that mediates past and future, living and dead, seen and unseen. Capturing this interface through concepts such as space-time of waiting (see 195n2 in particular), structured indeterminacy (91), and aesthetic suspension (190), Danely seeks to disclose a new perspective on larger sociopolitical process by attending to interstices of everyday life. is an old-school ethnography, and a fine one at that.Danely's ethnographic interlocutors carry out diverse everyday projects of memory and forgetting in which they generate signs of agency. To better understand these signs, Danely offers concept of creativity of as a crtical corrective to hegemonic model of ageless self (189). Certainly in West, as Danely suggests, this model relies on and reproduces our rather conventional view of loss as lack, a void that needs to be compensated for through creative acts (and becomes a basis of desire as post-Freudian discourses would have it). With concept of creativity of loss, however, Danely pleasantly disturbs such a view. He draws our attention to everyday project of aging in Japan as a question of how loss creates new possibilities of participating in economies of care: how to actively perform...loss (190). This book approaches loss as something that is for older adults, Danely declares (25). Here, we should take meaningful not merely in sense of symbolic or representational, but precisely in sense of performatively creative, consequential, or transformative.In exploring this creativity, Danely uses Obasuteyama-an age-old legend of abandonment and care in Japan-quite effectively as a master narrative for understanding intricacy of aged subjectivities that he has encountered in his fieldwork (for a discussion of legend, see pages 35-38). But here, I would like to point to another set of themes that recur, like leitmotivs, throughout book: ma and en. These are so straight-forwardly everyday concepts that any attempt to overphilosophize them as rooted in some primordialized Japanese culture would look like a textbook orientalist move. While these concepts have been featured in anthropological study of Japan, I believe that Danely's treatment here merits particular attention. There are several ways in which he glosses ma and en (and all are good translations), but descriptions that I believe are most persuasive are yielding and connecting. If ma-an empty space or openness (e. …